Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009

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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
Chapter Transfer Processes
Checkpoint (p!""")
1. Conduction is a process whereby heat flows through a body from a region of
higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Materials which conduct
heat well are called conductors , while those which do not conduct heat well are
called insulators .
2. A
3. (a) ncorrect. Conduction can ta!e place within a body or between two bodies.
(b) correct
(c) ncorrect. "eat can be transferred in air through conduction but the transfer
rate is #ery low.
(d) incorrect
(e) ncorrect. nsulators can conduct heat between two bodies but the transfer
rate is low.
#xercise (p!""")
1. $
2. %
3. &he en#elope is filled with inert gas which is a poor conductor of heat. "eat is
not readily transferred from the hot filament to the en#elope by conduction.
Moreo#er, heat is carried away from the glass en#elope to the surrounding air at
room temperature. &herefore, the glass en#elope will ha#e a lower temperature
than the filament.
'. (a) (lastic is a good insulator of heat. "eat is not readily transferred from the
hot metal plate to the plastic handle by conduction.
(b) Air is a good insulator of heat while metal is a good conductor of heat. )#en
they are at the same temperature of *+,C, heat is not conducted to the
human body through air as effecti#e as through metal in a sauna room.
-. Chinese clay pot is made of clay which is a good insulator of heat. t reduces the
rate of conduction of heat from the food to the surroundings and !eeps food hot
for a long time. Also, the lid reduces the heat lost by e#aporation of water.
.. &he air trapped in the /ac!ets is e0pelled when the /ac!ets are pressed. &his
decreases the insulating ability of the /ac!et.
1luffing up the /ac!ets help redistribute the cotton or the goose2down to trap air
inside the /ac!ets.
1
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
*. 1. &he waffle iron is made of metal which is a good conductor of heat.
2. &he waffle iron has an une#en surface. &his increases the surface area for
the conduction of heat.
3. (a) correct
(b) correct
Checkpoint (p!""$)
1. $
2. (a) correct
(b) correct
(c) incorrect
#xercise (p!""$)
1. C
2. A
3. (a) &he heating element is installed near the bottom of the !ettle to facilitate
heat transfer by con#ection.
(b) f the heating element is installed near the top of the !ettle, heat is mainly
transferred from the heating element to the water by conduction. 4ince
water is a poor conductor of heat, the rate of heat transfer is much lower
than that in (a).
'. (a) 4mo!e rises with the hot air. (eople should crawl across the floor to a#oid
suffocation caused by the smo!e.
(b) 4mo!e is carried upwards by the con#ection current of air. 5hen the air
abo#e the incense is heated, it becomes less dense and rises. &he air
gradually cools down as it rises and stops rising at a certain le#el abo#e the
stic!. &his leads to the spread out of smo!e.
(c) &he rear part of a light shade is usually slotted to facilitate heat lost to the
surroundings by con#ection. &his pre#ents the lamp from o#erheating.
Checkpoint (p!"%&)
1. C
2. can A
3. C
2
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
#xercise (p!"%&)
1. %
2. %
3. (a) &he balloon has a light2coloured surface to reduce the heat lost from the hot
balloon to the surroundings by radiation. &his helps maintain the
temperature of the hot air in the balloon and hence reduce the consumption
of fuel.
(b) &he "ubble 4pace &elescope is wrapped in shiny metal foil to reduce the
absorption or emission of heat by radiation. &his helps maintain the
temperature of the telescope within a suitable range.
(c) &he radiator is painted blac! to enhance heat transfer to the surroundings by
radiation.
'. (a) &his reduces the absorption or emission of heat by radiation.
(b) f the spacesuits were blac!, they will absorb or emit a large amount of heat
by radiation. A large amount of energy will be re6uired to maintain a steady
temperature inside the spacesuits.
-. (a) &he pot is painted blac! to enhance the absorption of radiation in heating up
the water.
(b) &he plate is shiny to minimi7e the absorption of radiation by the plate and
ma0imi7e the reflection of the sunlight to the pot. &he plate is conca#e in
shape to con#erge light to the pot.
Chapter #xercise (p!"'")
1. C
2. %
3. $
'. A
-. A
.. A
*. $
3. A
8. %
1+. $
11. %
12. A
3
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
13. As the temperature of the body is higher than the surroundings, heat is lost from
the body to the surroundings by conduction through the air, e#aporation of sweat
and radiation.
5hen the wind is blowing, the warm and humid air around the body is blown
away
(1A)
. &his enhances the heat lost by conduction
(1A)
and e#aporation
(1A)
.
&herefore, people feel colder in the wind2chill.
1'. "eat can be transferred from the flame to the finger by conduction and radiation
(1A)
. "owe#er, air and wood are poor conductors of heat
(1A)
. 9nly a small
amount of energy is transferred from the flame to the finger by conduction. n
addition, the energy transferred by radiation from the flame to the finger is also
#ery small and it is not enough to burn the finger
(1A)
.
1-. 1irst, heat is transferred from the heating element at the bottom to the air around
by conduction
(1A)
. &hen, heat is distributed 6uic!ly throughout the air inside the
o#en by natural con#ection
(1A)
. 1inally, heat is transferred from the air to the
food uniformly through conduction
(1A)
.
1.. 4ince the pastry is a good insulator of heat, the rate of conduction of heat from
the hot oil to the ice2cream inside is low
(1A)
. Moreo#er, the frying time is short
so that only a small amount of heat is transferred to the ice2cream
(1A)
. &hus, e#en
the fried pastry is at a high temperature, the ice2cream inside does not melt.
1*. An oil2filled heater warms up the surrounding air
(1A)
and heat is e#enly
distributed throughout the air in the room by natural con#ection
(1A)
. 9n the other
hand, a radiant heater consists of a heating element that produces infrared
radiation
(1A)
, which will be emitted or reflected to the surroundings. &he ob/ects
in the room absorb the radiation and become hotter
(1A)
.
13. (a) &he rac! is placed at the top of the container to enhance con#ection in the
air inside the free7er. &he colder and denser air around the rac! sin!s and at
the same time, the warmer and less dense air around the food rises to ta!e
its place. A con#ection current is formed in the air inside the free7er
(1A)
.
"eat is readily carried away from the food to the surrounding air by
con#ection
(1A)
.
(b) (i) (lastic is a better insulator of heat than metal
(1A)
. &he rate of heat lost
to the surroundings is lower if the wall is made of plastic instead of
metal
(1A)
.
(ii) As air is a good insulator of heat
(1A)
, the air between the double layers
reduces the heat lost by conduction
(1A)
.
'
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
18. (a) 5hen one end of the glass rod is heated, the molecules at that end gain
energy and #ibrate #igorously
(1A)
. As molecules are bound together by
intermolecular forces, molecules of higher !inetic energy set their
neighbouring molecules to #ibrate more #igorously
(1A)
. As a result, energy
is transferred along the glass rod from the heated end to another end.
n the copper rod, energy is also transferred by free electrons
(1A)
. 5hen the
free electrons at the heated end gain energy from the heat source, their
!inetic energy increase and 6uic!ly transfer the energy to the other electrons
and the copper ions by collisions
(1A)
. &hus, energy is transferred rapidly
along the copper rod.
(b) &he student is incorrect
(1A)
. f thinner rods are used, the rates of conduction
of heat in the rods are reduced. As a result, it ta!es more time for the wa0es
to melt and hence a longer time for the pins to drop
(1A)
.
2+. (a) &he temperature of the hotplate is still higher than that of the heat sin!s
after the hotplate is switched off. "eat is transferred from the hotplate to the
heat sin!s by conduction. &his leads to the rise of temperatures of the heat
sin!s
(1A)
.
(b) thermistor thermometer :thermocouple thermometer (Any reasonable
answers)
(1A)
(c) "eat sin! A has a lower heat capacity
(1A)
. t is assumed that the hotplate
transfers heat to the two heat sin!s at the same rate. 1or the time inter#al
between t ; + and t
1
, heat sin! A has a higher temperature rise than heat sin!
B. According to
T C Q =
, heat sin! A should ha#e a lower heat capacity
(1A)
.
(d) f a graph is steeper after t ; t
2
(a more negati#e slope), this means the
temperature drops at a higher rate per unit time and the corresponding heat
sin! loses heat at a higher rate
(1A)
.
(e) (i) 5hen the two heat sin!s are at the same temperature, heat sin! A loses
heat to the surroundings at a higher rate.
(1A)
(ii) (1) (aint the heat sin! blac!.
(1A)
(2) Ma!e more fins on the heat sin! to increase the area in contact
with the air.
(1A)
21.
(HKCEE 2007 P1 Q3)
22. (a) &he outer #acuum pot has two2layer walls with a #acuum in between
(1A)
.
<acuum can pre#ent heat lost from the food to the surroundings by
conduction or con#ection
(1A)
.
(b) (1) &he heat loss from the food to the surroundings is minimi7ed. t means
most of the supplied energy is used to coo! the food and few energy is
-
Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Heat and Gases)
wasted.
(2) %uring the coo!ing process, the !itchen and the li#ing room do not get
hot. &his can sa#e energy in air2conditioning.
(Any reasonable answers)
(c) t is relati#ely safer to use a thermal coo!er than flame coo!ing
(1A)
. &he
chance of ha#ing a fire is lower. (Any reasonable answers)
.