thi chuyn L Qu n 2014

GV: NVThng
K THI TUYN SINH VO LP 10 THPT CHUYN L QU N
NM HC 2014 2015
MN THI: TON CHUYN
NGY THI: 21/6/2014
Bi 1: (2)
1)Cho a, b l cc s thc dng phn bit. Rt gn biu thc:

| || |
+ +
| |
| |
+ +
\ .\ .
a a b b a a b b a b a b a b
P=
b a
a b b a a b b a a b a b

2)Tm gi tr tham s m phng trnh x
2
mx + m 3 = 0 c 2 nghim x
1
, x
2
sao cho biu
thc 2(x
1
2
+ x
2
2
) x
1
x
2
t GTNN.

Bi 2: (2)
1) Gii phng trnh: x
4
+ 3x
3
14x
2
6x + 4 = 0
2) Cho hai s thc a, b tha mn a> 1 v b >1. Chng minh rng:
3 3 2 2
( ) + +
>

a b a b
8
(a 1)(b 1)

Bi 3: (2)
1) Chng minh tng 1 + 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
+ + 2
2014
+ 2
2015
chia ht cho 15.
2) Gii h phng trnh
3 3

x +y =1 x +y+xy
7xy+y x =7


Bi 4: (3)
Cho ng trn (O) c 2 ng knh AB v CD vung gc vi nhau. E l im bt k trn
cung nh AD (E khc A, D).Ni EC, EB ct OA, OD ln lt ti M, N.
a) Chng minh rng: AMAC ng dng vi AAEC ; AOMC ng dng vi AEDC.
b) Tm GTNN ca biu thc
+
OM ON
AM DN


Bi 5: (1)
Trn mt phng cho 25 im phn bit, bit rng vi 3 im bt k trong s lun c 2 im
cch nhau mt khong nh hn 1. Chng minh rng c 1 hnh trn bn knh bng 1 cha khng t
hn 13 im cho.
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thi chuyn L Qu n 2014
GV: NVThng

P N:
Bi 1:
1)

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
.
. .
+ + + + +
| |
|
|

+
\ .
+ + +
= = =

a b a ab b a b a ab b a b a b
ab ab
P=
b a a b
ab a b ab a b
a ab b a ab b a b 2 ab
P ab 2 2 0
ab a b
ab


2) V A = m
2
4m + 12 = (m 2)
2
+ 8 > 0 vi mi m nn PT lun c 2 nghim x
1
, x
2
phn bit
Theo Viet c x
1
+ x
2
= m v x
1
x
2
= m 3
Ta c: 2(x
1
2
+ x
2
2
) x
1
x
2
= 2(x
1
+ x
2
)
2
5x
1
x
2
= 2m
2
5(m 3) = 2m
2
5m + 15
=
| | | |
= >
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
5 15 5 95 95
2 m m+ 2 m +
2 2 4 8 8

Suy ra : GTNN ca 2(x
1
2
+ x
2
2
) x
1
x
2
l
khi =
95 5
m
8 4


Bi 2:
1) Nhn xt: x = 0 khng l nghim ca PT
Chi c 2 v ca PT cho x
2
ta c:
| |

|
\ .
2
2
4 2
x + +3 x 14 = 0
x x

t

2 2
2
2 4
a = x a +4 = x +
x x

PT tr thnh a
2
+ 3a 10 = 0 a = 2 hoc a = 5 .
+ Vi a = 2 th

2
2
2= x x - 2x - 2=0 x =1 3
x

+ Vi a = -5 th

2
2 -5 33
-5 = x x +5x - 2=0 x =
x 2

Vy PT c 4 nghim phn bit x =1 3 ;
-5 33
2









thi chuyn L Qu n 2014
GV: NVThng
2)

3 3 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
( )
0
+ +
> >


> + >

+ >

+ + >
| |
+ +
|

\ .
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
a b a b a b
8 + 8
(a 1)(b 1) b-1 a-1
a b a 4b+4 b 4a+4
4+ 4 0 0
b-1 a-1 b-1 a-1
a b +b - 4b+4 b a +a - 4a+4
0
b-1 a-1
a b a b (b- 2) (a- 2)
b-1 a-1 b-1 a-1
1 1 (b 2) (a 2)
(a b )
b 1 a 1 b 1 a
( ) ( )
2
0
0
0
>

+ + >


+ + >

2 2
2 2
1
a- b (b 2) (a 2)
a- b a+b
(a-1)(b-1) b 1 a 1
(a- b) (a+b) (b 2) (a 2)
(a-1)(b-1) b 1 a 1

BT trn lun ng vi a > 1 v b > 1. Suy ra fcm.
Bi 3 :
1) S s hng l 2016, nhm mi b 4 s hng ta c 504 nhm.
Ta c: (1 + 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
) + + (2
2012
+ 2
2013
+ 2
2014
+ 2
2015
)
= 15.1 + + 2
2012
(1 + 2 + 2
2
+ 2
3
)
= 15 . (1 + 2
2
+ 2
4
+ + 2
2012
) chia ht cho 15.
2) Gii h phng trnh
3 3

x +y =1 x +y+xy
7xy+y x =7

Ta c: x
3
+ y
3
= 1 x + y + xy (x +y)[(x + y)
2
3xy] = 8 6xy (*)
t a = x + y v b = xy
T (*) a
3
8 3ab + 6b = 0
(a 2)(a
2
+ 2a + 4 3b) = 0.
a = 2 hoc a
2
+ 2a + 4 3b = 0
TH1: a = 2 x + y = 2 x = 2 y.
T 7xy + y x = 7 7y
2
16y + 9 = 0 y = 1 hoc y =
9
7
.
(x,y) = (1 ; 1) hoc
;
| |
|
\ .
5 9
7 7

TH2: a
2
+ 2a + 4 = 3b
(x +y)
2
+ 2(x + y) + 4 = 3xy
x
2
xy + y
2
+ 2x + 2y + 4 =0
x
2
(y 2)x + y
2
+ 2y + 4 = 0
( )
| |
|
\ .
2
2 y- 2 3
x - + y+2 =0
2 4
x = y = -2
Vy h PT c 3 nghim l (1 ; 1) ;
;
| |
|
\ .
5 9
7 7
; (-2 ;-2).

thi chuyn L Qu n 2014
GV: NVThng
Bi 4 :
a)
- AMAC ng dng vi AAEC :
+ AB CD nn AOC= AOD=BOC=BOD
AC= AD=BC=BD
BAC= AEC (gc ni tip chn cung BC v AC)
+ Xt AMAC v AAEC c ACE chung ; BAC= AEC (cmt)
Suy ra : AMAC ng dng vi AAEC (g.g) (1)
- AOMC ng dng vi AEDC :
+
0
CED=90 (gc ni tip chn na ng trn)
+ AOMC v AEDC c ECD chung v
0
CED=MOC=90
Suy ra : AOMC ng dng vi AEDC (g.g) (2)
b) Tm GTNN ca biu thc
+
OM ON
AM DN

T (2)
=
OM OD
OM.EC=ED.OD
ED EC
(3)
T (1)
=
AM AC
AM.EC= AE.AC
AE EC
(4)
T (3)(4)
=
OM ED.OD
AM AE.AC
. (5)
Chng minh tng t ta cng c: ND.EB = ED.BD v ON . EB = AE.OB.
Suy ra:
=
ON OB.AE
ND ED.BD
(6)
T (5)(6)
2
| |
+ = + = + >
|
\ .
OM ON ED.OD OB.AE R ED AE 1 ED AE
.2. . = 2
AM DN AE.AC ED.BD AE ED AE ED
R 2
(BT C si)
Do :
+
OM ON
AM DN
t GTNN l 2 khi ED = EA.
Bi 5: (1)
Nhn xt: 25 = 2. 12 + 1
Gi A l 1 im trong s 25 im cho. V ng trn tm A bn knh 1.
+ Nu 24 im cn li nm trong (A; 1) th bi ton c chng minh.
+ Nu c 1 im nm ngoi (A; 1) , gi s l im B nn AB > 1.
V ng trn tm B bn knh 1.
Vi 1 im C bt k ta c:
Xt 3 im A, B, C th AB > 1 nn theo gi thit bi th AC < 1 hoc BC < 1.
Suy ra: C thuc (A; 1) hoc C thuc (B; 1)
Theo nguyn tc Dirichlet th c 25 im (25 con th) m c 2 ng trn (2 ci lng) nn tn ti 1 1
ng trn cha t nht [25:2] + 1 = 13 im.

N
M
B A
C
O
D
E
thi chuyn L Qu n 2014
GV: NVThng