Kim Edward Huang

1301847

Friday (2-4pm)

Date:

Experiment xx : Carbohydrates-reducing sugar tests and hydrolysis

reactions
Introduction: Hydrolysis of carbohydrates will yield polyhydroxy
aldehydes or ketones. A carbohydrate can be classified into three
catergories: monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide(starch or
cellulose). Monosaccharides exist mostly as cyclic structure containing
hemiacetal or hemiketal groups. Disaccharides and polysaccharides exist
as cyclic structures containing functional groups like hydroxyl
groups,acetal or hemiacetal groups.
Aim: this experiment used different reagents (eg. Benedicts and
Fehlings) to investigate chemical properties of carbohydrates in terms of
their functional groups, also studied the result of hydrolysis of acetal
groups (disaccharides and polysaccharides)
Reference/Protocol: Refer to manual pg 26-28
Chemical Reactions: refer to manual pg 25-28
Experimental values:
A. Reducing or non-reducing carbohydrates
Test Tube no

Carbohydrate

glucose

fructose

surcose

lactose

starch

Color

Reducing or
non-reducing

B. Hydrolysis of sucrose
Test tube no

Contents

S1

Surcose

S2

Surcose+Surcr

Color

Inference

Kim Edward Huang

1301847

Friday (2-4pm)

Date:

ase
S3

Sucrose+Acid

C.Hydrolysis of starch
Test tube no

Contents

Starch

Starch+Amyla
se

Starch+Acid

Color

Inference

Discussion:
Reducing by using an oxidizing agent (Benedicts reagent) is given to
the reducing end, which contains a hemiacetal/hemiketal on its terminal.
Not all disaccharides or polysaccharides contain a reducing end. For
example,sucrose is non-reducing ; polysaccharides amylose or
amylopetctin do have a hemiacetal group on their terminal ends, but they
are still recognized as non-reducing substances as the low concentration
of the reducing group existed in the units.
Conclusion:
Questions:
1) Surcose =
2)Lactose =
3)Maltose=
4)glycogen=
5)Cellulose=