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In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way in which the energy of a photon is
taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom. Thus, the electromagnetic energy is
transformed into internal energy of the absorber, for example thermal energy.
[1]
The reduction in
intensity of a light wave propagating through a medium by absorption of a part of its photons is
often called attenuation. Usually, the absorption of waves does not depend on their intensity
(linear absorption), although in certain conditions (usually, in optics), the medium changes its
transparency dependently on the intensity of waves going through, and saturable absorption (or
nonlinear absorption) occurs.