Biotechnolog

y
A process that uses bacteria
or other microorganisms to
create a product for industry
Restriction Enzymes
 Viruses embed their DNA into
bacteria using restriction enzymes.

 Bacteria need to cut out viral DNA

in self defense.

 Bacteria use restriction enzymes

Image of as defense against viruses.
rhinovirus
 Blunt end cuts


A T T C G T A C T T T C G T A

T A A G C A T GA A A G CA T
Blunt end cuts

VIRUS!
!
 Sticky end cuts

A T T G A A T T C T T G GC T

T A A C T T A A G A AC C GA
Action of Restriction
Enzyme

VIRUS!
 Close-up of infected
DNA

What if this
section of
DNA is viral
DNA
instead of
bacterial?
Bacterial defense

 Bacteria cut out the viral DNA

using the same enzymes that the
virus uses to embed the DNA.
How industry uses
restriction enzymes

GENE X

Insert
Gene X
into Use
bacteria bacteria
to make
copies of
How to isolate “gene of
interest”

GENE

Restricti Restricti
on on
enzyme enzyme
site site
Cutting the gene out

tube of DNA
tube of
restriction
Preparing bacteria
Cut the
bacteria
 with the
same
PLASMI restrictio
D n
enzyme
used to
cut out
the gene
“Subcloning” gene of
interest

GENE
Cloning gene of interest

Allow bacteria
to grow
Obtaining gene from
bacteria
 Cut bacterial DNA with restriction
enzyme again.

 Load cut DNA into gel for

separation.
Pouring gel
Loading gel
Setting voltage
gradient
Isolating gene

Each
band
represent
s DNA
pieces of
different
sizes.
One of
these
bands
should
Sample gel of
Salmonella
Paternity test
Sickle cell
anemia
Gels show
relationship
 Gel electrophoresis,
restriction enzymes,
and biotechnology
are helping scientists
establish genetic
relationships
between different
species.
In what ways can
this technology
help or hurt man?