(R) (Ra) (Rd)

Fire Protection
40
Category 4 - Economic Loss
Height (m)
2.02E-05
Thunderdays per year
Structure Dimensions
Cable Type
Other Underground Services
Unscreened
Risk Assessment for Lightning Protection
Other Overhead Services
Low
20
20
1.E-03
Length (m)
Width (m)
Structure Attributes
Risk of Fire or Physical
Damage
30
Isolated
0 0
Unscreened
0 Medium
Unscreened
Environment
0
Efficiency of Building
Protection
Yes Surge Protection
at Point of Entry
Fire Damage
Factor
Fire Damage
Factor
Overvoltage
Damage Factor
1.E-03
No Transformer
Number
Cable Type
Fire Damage
Factor
Special Hazard Service
Category 2 - Loss of Essential Services
Overvoltage
Damage Factor
Overvoltage
Damage Factor
0.05 10
Service Line Density
Number
Cable Type
Environmental Factor
Risk of Dangerous
Discharge
Internal Wiring Type
Protection Measures
Dense
0.8
None
Step & Touch Potential
Damage Factors
Surge Protection
on All Equipment
0
Unscreened
0.3
Category 3 - Loss of Cultural Heritage
Fire Damage
Factor
40m Office Block Structure Identification
0
Acceptable Risk of
Economic Losses
Service Lines
Power Line Category 1 - Loss of Human Life
Underground
Loss Categories
0
Loss of Cultural Heritage
Acceptable Risk
1.0E-05
Economic Loss
1.0E-03
1.0E-03
Calculated Risk
0.00E+00
3.03E-05 1.0E-03 1.00E-05
Overall Risk
Loss of Human Life
Loss of Essential Services 0.00E+00
4.50E-06
0.00E+00
Indirect Strike
Risk
(Ri)
0.00E+00
Standards Australia Version 1.3 Date: 03/12/2003
0.00E+00
4.50E-06
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
Direct Strike
Risk
No
Transformer at
Structure
ACCEPTABLE RISK & DAMAGE FACTORS Ng
Thunderdays 30.0 Td Loss of Human Life
1.0E-05 Ra1
10 kh1 Ad
(FIXED) 0.01 Oh1 Nd Direct Strikes
20 L (FIXED) 0.0001 Og1
20 W 0.05 Of1
40 H 0 Oo1
1 Cd Am
(FIXED) 250 Dm Nm
0.2 Cs
0.2 ps 1.0E-03 Ra2
(FIXED) 0.01 ph 0 Of2
(FIXED) 1.0E-05 pg 0 Oo2
0.001 pf nohp
1 pi
1.0E-03 Ra3
0 Of3 Dc1
(FIXED) 1 kw
Lc1
Ac1
(FIXED) 1.0E-03 Ra4 Aa1
2 pl (FIXED) 1 kh4 Nc1p
1 pe0 0 Oh4 Nc1
Area of Influence
Collection Area
Ground Flash Density
OH Collection Area
Effective Length of OH Line
Effective Length of OH Line
Lateral Distance for OH line
Number OH Power Service Lines
Av Strikes causing overvoltages
Dangerous Strikes to other OH Line
Dangerous Strikes to OH Line
Coll. Area to Adjacent Structures
Fire
Economic Loss
Acceptable Risk
Special Hazards
Step & Touch outside
structure
Loss of Essential Services
Acceptable Risk
Fire
Overvoltage
Loss of Cultural Heritage
Acceptable Risk
Acceptable Risk
Special Hazards
Step & Touch outside
structure
Step & Touch inside
structure
Fire
Overvoltage
LIGHTNING ACTIVITY
EQUIPMENT
POWER LINE
Fire Risk
Wiring Type
Correction Factor
Power Line Type
PLine Cable Type
Environmental Factor
Dist from structure to
induce overvoltage
Service Drop Density
Screening Effectiveness
Prob of dangerous step
& touch potentials
outside the structure
Prob of dangerous step
& touch potentials inside
the structure
INPUT DATA
STRUCTURE
Direct Strikes to Structures
Direct Strikes to Overhead Lines
Overhead Service Line
Indirect Strikes to Structures
CALCULATIONS
Structure Length
Structure Width
Structure Height
1 Ct0 0 Og4
0.3 Of4
0.001 Oo4
Di1
0 noh (FIXED) Ai1
1 pe1 Ni1p
(FIXED) 7 Hc1 Ni1
(FIXED) 100 p1 0.8 E
75 L1 (FIXED) 1 k2
(FIXED) 0 la1 1 k3
(FIXED) 0 wa1 1 kf nugp
(FIXED) 0 ha1 (FIXED) 1 k4
(FIXED) 1 Ct1 (FIXED) 0.01 k5
Dc2
0 nug Lc2
1 pe2 Ac2
(FIXED) 100 p2 Aa2
75 L2 Nc2p
(FIXED) 0 la2 Nc2
(FIXED) 0 wa2
(FIXED) 0 ha2
(FIXED) 1 Ct2
Di2
Ai2
Ni2p
Ni2
Collection Area for Induced overvolt
Lat Dist for induced overvolt. Due to
strikes near line
Indirect Strikes to Overhead Lines
Lateral Dist for UG Lines
Direct Strikes to Underground Service Line
Number UG Lines
Underground Service Line
Dangerous strikes to other OH lines
Dangerous strikes near OH lines
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes near UG line
Collection area for induced
overvoltage
Effective UG line length
Effective UG line length
Fire protection
measures
Service Line Red Fact
Surge protection on
service lines
Lateral dist for induced overvoltage
Indirect Strikes to Underground Service Line
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes to UG line
Coll. Area to adjacent structures
UG Collection Area
Fire
Overvoltage
Lightning Protection Measures
Efficiency
Surge Reduction
Factor
Equip Surge Protect
Step & Touch inside
structure
Adjacent structure
Adjacent structure
Adjacent structure
UG TF Correction
OVERHEAD SERVICE LINE
Length of line from last
distribution node
Adjacent structure
Number OH Lines
OH Cable Type
OH Height
Soil Resistivity
OH TF Correction
UNDERGROUND SERVICE LINE
Adjacent structure
Adjacent structure
PLine TF Correction
Number UG Lines
UG Cable Type
Soil Resistivity ohm-m
Length of line from last
distribution node
Strike Risk
Rd
Ri Total risk due to indirect strikes
Total risk due to direct strikes
2.808
5.524E-02 sq. km
0.155
1.615E-01 sq. km
4.536E-01
0
21 m
-45 m
0 m
0.000E+00 sq. km
0 sq. km
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
strikes per yr
strikes per yr
per sq. km
to the structure per year
Effective Length of OH Line
Effective Length of OH Line
Lateral Distance for OH line
Number OH Power Service Lines
Av Strikes causing overvoltages
Dangerous Strikes to other OH Line
Dangerous Strikes to OH Line
Coll. Area to Adjacent Structures
Direct Strikes to Structures
Direct Strikes to Overhead Lines
Overhead Service Line
Indirect Strikes to Structures
CALCULATIONS
5000
0.75 sq. km
0.421
0.421
1
2 m
-45 m
0 m
0.000E+00 sq. km
0 sq. km
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
2500 m
3.75E+05 sq m
2.106E-01
0.211 per sq km
strikes per yr
strikes per yr
per sq km
Collection Area for Induced overvolt
Lat Dist for induced overvolt. Due to
strikes near line
Indirect Strikes to Overhead Lines
Direct Strikes to Underground Service Line
Underground Service Line
Dangerous strikes to other OH lines
Dangerous strikes near OH lines
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes near UG line
Collection area for induced
overvoltage
Lateral dist for induced overvoltage
Indirect Strikes to Underground Service Line
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes to UG line
Coll. Area to adjacent structures
1.45E-05
2.02E-05 Total risk due to indirect strikes
Total risk due to direct strikes
0.8 E
(FIXED) 0.01 ph
0.155 Nd
(FIXED) 0.01 Oh1
1 kf
0.001 pf
0.2 ps
0 noh (FIXED)
0.01 k5 (FIXED)
1 pe1
0 nug
1 pe2
1 pe0
0.05 Of1
(FIXED) 1 kw
(FIXED) 1 k2
1 k3
1 pi
(FIXED) 1 k4
0 Oo1
0.2 k1
Risk of dangerous step and touch potential inside structure
from direct strikes to service lines
Risk of dangerous step & touch potential
due to direct strikes to the structure
Reducton Factor for structure lightning protection
system
Probability a direct strike to OH PL cause
overvoltage
Dangerous strikes to other OH lines
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes near UG line
Special Hazards Factor
Acceptable Risk
CALCULATIONS
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Prob of dangerous step & touch potentials
inside the structure
Step & Touch inside structure
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from direct strikes to service lines
Dangerous strikes near OH lines
from direct strikes to service lines
Number of OH power service lines
Number of UG power service lines
Dangerous Strikes to OH Line
Dangerous Strikes to other OH Line
Dangerous strikes to UG line
Reduction factor for surge protection device
Prob of discharge based on OH cable type
Number of underground service lines
Prob of discharge based on UG cable type
Prob of discharge based on PL cable type
Damage potential for fire
Risk of fire, explosion, mechanical damage and chemical discharge
due to direct strikes to structure
Reduction Factor for fire protection measures
Probability that a discharge will initiate a fire
Probability of dangerous discharge based on
structure type
Number of overhead service lines
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from indirect strikes to the structure
Efficiency of lightning protection on the structure
Prob of dangerous step & touch potentials
Direct Strikes
Damage factor for step and touch potential
outside structure
Average number of indirect strikes causing
overvoltages
Risk of dangerous step and touch potential inside structure
Risk Calculations - Loss of Human Life
INPUT DATA
Risk of dangerous step & touch potential
due to direct strikes to the structure
Reduction factor for surge equipment on input of
equipment
Probability of discharge based on cable type
Reduction factor of isolation equipment at entry
point of service line
Damage factor for overvoltages
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from direct strikes to service lines
Correction value for impulse level of equipment
Reduction factor of isolation equipment on
internal equipment
4.00E-04 Ph
6.205E-07 Rh1
1 pet
1 petc
0.01 Pewd
5.00E-05
Ps
3.878E-06 Rs1
0.01 Pewdo
4.96E-02 Pw
0.000E+00 Rw1
0.040 Pm
0.00E+00 Rm1
Probability a direct strike to other UG line will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability a direct strike to other OH line will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability a direct strike to an UG power line
will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability a direct strike to the structure will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk of dangerous step & touch potentials due to
direct strikes
Probability a direct strike to structure will cause a
dangerous discharge
Probability of dangerous step and touch potentials
due to direct strikes
Probability that external wiring carries a surge
from structure that causes physical damage
Prob external wiring carries surge from structure
causing damaging overvoltage to internal equip
Risk of fire, damage caused by equipment failure due to overvoltage from
direct strikes to service lines
Risk of fire, explosion, mechanical damage and chemical discharge
due to direct strikes to structure
Total partial probability that external wiring carries
a surge
Risk of step-touch potential from strike to
service lines
Risk of overvoltage from direct strikes near
service lines
Risk of fire due to direct strikes Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from indirect strikes to service lines
Risk of overvoltage from direct strike Limit partial probability to a maximum of one
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from direct strikes to service lines
Probability an indirect strike near a OH power
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability an indirect strike near other OH
lines will cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk due to overvoltages from direct strikes
Probability an indirect strike near UG power
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability an indirect strike near other UG
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk of overvoltage from indirect strikes near
service lines
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage from
direct strikes to service lines
Total risk for a structure due to strikes
Acceptable risk
Probability an indirect strike to the structure will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk due to overvoltages from indirect strikes
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from indirect strikes to the structure Risk due to direct strikes to the structure
Risk due to indirect strikes to the structure
0.454 Nm
0 nohp
1 nugp
0.000E+00 Nc1p
0.000E+00 Nc1
0.000E+00 Nc2p
0.000E+00 Nc2
0.00001 pg
0.0001 Og1
0.421 Nilp
0.421 Ni1
0.211 Ni2
0.211 Ni2p
10 kh1
1.00E-05 Ra1
0.00 Pc1p
Risk of dangerous step and touch potential inside structure
from direct strikes to service lines
Probability a direct strike to OH PL cause
overvoltage
Dangerous strikes to other OH lines
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Dangerous strikes near UG line
Special Hazards Factor
Acceptable Risk
Dangerous strikes to other UG line
Prob of dangerous step & touch potentials
inside the structure
Step & Touch inside structure
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from direct strikes to service lines
Dangerous strikes near OH lines
from direct strikes to service lines
Number of OH power service lines
Number of UG power service lines
Dangerous Strikes to OH Line
Dangerous Strikes to other OH Line
Dangerous strikes to UG line
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from indirect strikes to the structure
Average number of indirect strikes causing
overvoltages
Risk of dangerous step and touch potential inside structure
Risk Calculations - Loss of Human Life
0.00 Pc1

0.010 Pc2p
0 Pc2
0.000E+00 Rg1
0.000E+00 Rc1
0.000E+00 Re1
0.00 Pi1p
0.00 Pi1
0.01 Pi2p
0.00 Pi2
0.00E+00 RI1
Total Risk
4.499E-06 Rd1
0.000E+00 Ri1
4.499E-06 R1
1.E-05 Raccept1
Probability a direct strike to other UG line will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability a direct strike to other OH line will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability a direct strike to an UG power line
will cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk of fire, damage caused by equipment failure due to overvoltage from
direct strikes to service lines
Risk of step-touch potential from strike to
service lines
Risk of overvoltage from direct strikes near
service lines
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from indirect strikes to service lines
Risk of overvoltage from direct strike
Risk of equipment malfunction or failure due to overvoltage
from direct strikes to service lines
Probability an indirect strike near a OH power
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability an indirect strike near other OH
lines will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability an indirect strike near UG power
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Probability an indirect strike near other UG
line will cause a damaging overvoltage
Risk of overvoltage from indirect strikes near
service lines
Total risk for a structure due to strikes
Acceptable risk
Risk due to direct strikes to the structure
Risk due to indirect strikes to the structure
0.155 Nd
0.00005 Ps
0 Of2
1 kf
0.001 pf
0.050 Pw
0 Oo2
0.454 Nm
0.040 Pm
0.000E+00 Nc1
0.000 Pc1
0.000E+00 Nc2
0.000 Pc2
0.000E+00 Nc1p
(FIXED) 1.00 kw
(FIXED) 1.00 k2
Reduction factor for isolation equipment on internal
equipment
Av. number strikes to other UG lines per yr that are
dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other UG line will cause
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the OH power line per yr that are
dangerous
Correction factor for impulse level of equipment
Av. number of strikes near structure causing
overvoltage
Prob strike near structure causes overvoltage to
equipment
Av. number strikes to other OH lines per yr that are
dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other OH line will cause
overvoltage
Risk Calculations - Category 2 - Loss of Essential Services to the Public
INPUT DATA
CALCULATIONS
Av. number of strikes to the structure per year
Probability a direct strike to structure will cause a
dangerous discharge
Damage factor for fire
Fire protection measures
Probability that a discharge will initiate a fire
Probability a direct strike to the structure will cause a
damaging overvoltage
Damage factor for overvoltages
0.000E+00 Rs2
0.000E+00 Rc2
0.000E+00 Rw2
0.000E+00 Rm2
0.000E+00 Re2
0.000E+00 RI2
Risk of equipment failure due to indirect strike near
service lines
Risk of fire caused by equipment failure due to direct
strike
Risk due to overvoltages causing equipment failure
(direct strikes)
Risk of equip failure from overvoltage (strike near
structure)
Risk of overvoltage from direct strikes near service
lines
Risk of fire due to direct strikes
1 k3
(FIXED) 1 k4
0.000 Pc1p
0.000E+00 Nc2p
0.010 Pc2p
4.213E-01 Ni1
0.000 Pi1
2.106E-01 Ni2
0.000 Pi2
4.213E-01 Ni1p
0.00 Pi1p
2.106E-01 Ni2p
0.01 Pi2p
0.001 Ra2
Prob. of direct strike to OH power line causing
overvoltage
Reduction factor for isolation equipment at entry
point of service line
Reduction factor for surge protection device on
input of equipment
Prob. Indirect strike near other OH line cause
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near other OH line per yr
Prob. of direct strike to UG power line causing
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the UG power line per yr that are
dangerous
Prob. indirect strike near OH line cause damaging
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near OH power line
causing induced volt.
Acceptable Risk
Prob. indirect strike near OH line cause damaging
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near UG power line
causing induced volt.
Prob. indirect strike near other UG line cause
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near other UG line per yr
Risk Calculations - Category 2 - Loss of Essential Services to the Public
INPUT DATA
CALCULATIONS
0.000E+00 Rd2
0.000E+00 Ri2
0.000E+00 R2
1.0E-03 Ra2
Risk due to direct strikes to structure
Risk due to indirect strikes to structure
Total risk to a structure due to lightning
Acceptable Risk
0.155 Nd
0.00005 Ps
0 Of3
1 kf
Fire Risk 0.001 pf
0.000E+00 Nc1
0 Pc1
Acceptable Risk
Risk of fire due to direct strike to structure
Damage factor for fire
Fire protection measures
Total Risk for a structure due to lightning strikes
Acceptable risk
Av. number strikes to other UG lines per yr that are
dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other UG line will cause
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the OH power line per yr that are
dangerous
Prob. of direct strike to OH power line causing
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the UG power line per yr that are
dangerous
Prob. of direct strike to UG power line causing
overvoltage
Av. number strikes to other OH lines per yr that
are dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other OH line will cause
overvoltage
Risk of fire caused by equipment failure
Risk due to direct strikes to the structure
Risk due to indirect strikes to the structure
Risk Calculations - Category 3 - Loss of Cultural Heritage
INPUT DATA
CALCULATIONS
Av. number of strikes to the structure per year
Probability a direct strike to structure will cause
a dangerous discharge
0.000E+00 Nc2
0 Pc2
0.000E+00 Nc1p
0 Pc1p
0.000E+00 Nc2p
0.01 Pc2p
0.001 Ra3
0.000E+00 Rs3
0.000E+00 Rc3
0.000E+00 Rd3
0.000E+00 Ri3
0.000E+00 R3
0.001 Raccept3
Acceptable Risk
Total Risk for a structure due to lightning strikes
Av. number strikes to other UG lines per yr that are
dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other UG line will cause
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the OH power line per yr that are
dangerous
Prob. of direct strike to OH power line causing
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the UG power line per yr that are
dangerous
Prob. of direct strike to UG power line causing
overvoltage
Risk Calculations - Category 3 - Loss of Cultural Heritage
INPUT DATA
CALCULATIONS
0.155 Nd
0.0004 Ph
0 Oh4
0.00005 Ps
0.3 Of4
0.05 Pw
0.001 Oo4
0.00001 pg
0 Og4
0.421 Ni1
0.00 Pil
0.211 Ni2
0.00 Pi2
0.211 Ni2p
0.01 Pi2p
1 kf
Fire Risk 0.001 pf
Av no. strikes to ground near UG power line
causing induced volt.
Prob. indirect strike near OH line cause
damaging overvoltage
Fire protection measures
Prob of dangerous step & touch potentials inside
the structure
Step & Touch inside structure
Av no. strikes to ground near other OH line per
yr
Prob. Indirect strike near other OH line cause
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near other UG line per
yr
Prob. indirect strike near other UG line cause
overvoltage
Risk Calculations - Category 4 - Economic Loss
INPUT DATA
Av. number of strikes to the structure per year
Probability of dangerous step and touch
potentials due to direct strikes
Step & Touch potentials outside structure
Probability a direct strike to structure will cause a
dangerous discharge
Damage factor for fire
Probability a direct strike to the structure will
cause a damaging overvoltage
Damage factors for overvoltage
0.000E+00 Rh4
2.327E-06 Rs4
7.695E-06 Rw4
1.814E-05 Rm4
0.00E+00 Rg4
0.000E+00 Rc4
Risk of fire due to direct strikes to the structure
Risk due to equipment failure due to
Risk of equipment failure due to direct strike to
ground near the structure
Risk of dangerous step touch potential outside
the structure
Risk of fire caused by equipment failure due to a
direct strike
Risk of dangerous step & touch potential
CALCULATIONS
0.454 Nm
0.04 Pm
0.000 Nc1
0 Pc1
0.000 Nc2
0 Pc2
0.000 Nc1p
0 Pc1p
0.000 Nc2p
0.01 Pc2p
0.421 Nilp
0.00 Pilp
1 kw (FIXED)
1 k2 (FIXED)
1 k3
1 k4 (FIXED)
0.001 Ra4
1 kh4 (FIXED)
Surge Reduction Factor
Equip Surge Protect
Service Line Red Fact
Acceptable Risk
Special Hazards
Prob. of direct strike to OH power line causing
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the UG power line per yr that
Prob. of direct strike to UG power line causing
overvoltage
Av no. strikes to ground near OH power line
causing induced volt.
Prob. indirect strike near OH line cause
damaging overvoltage
Correction Factor for impulse level of equipment
Av. number of strikes near structure causing
overvoltage
Prob direct strike to ground near structure
causing overvoltage
Av. number strikes to other OH lines per yr that
Prob of direct strike to other OH line will cause
overvoltage
Av. number strikes to other UG lines per yr that
are dangerous
Prob of direct strike to other UG line will cause
overvoltage
Av. no. strikes to the OH power line per yr that
are dangerous
Risk Calculations - Category 4 - Economic Loss
INPUT DATA
0.000E+00 Re4
2.106E-06 RI4
1.002E-05 Rd4
2.025E-05 Ri4
3.027E-05 R4
1.0E-03 Raccept4
Acceptable Risk
Risk of equipment failure due to direct strike
causing overvoltage
Risk of equipment failure due to indirect strike
near service lines
Risks due to direct strikes to the structure
Risks due to indirect strikes to the structure
Total Risk for a structure due to lightning strikes
CALCULATIONS