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ORGANIZATION
I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI
B. Pulse-Width Modulated VSI
II. PWM Methods
A. Sine PWM
B. Hysteresis (Bang-bang)
C. Space Vector PWM
III. References
2
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (1)
3
Six-Step three-phase Voltage Source Inverter
Fig. 1 Three-phase voltage source inverter.
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (2)
Fig. 2 Waveforms of gating signals, switching sequence, line to negative voltages
for six-step voltage source inverter.
Gating signals, switching sequence and line to negative voltages
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (3)
where, 561 means that S
5
, S
6
and S
1
are switched on
Fig. 3 Six inverter voltage vectors for six-step voltage source inverter.
Switching Sequence:
561 (V
1
) 612 (V
2
) 123 (V
3
) 234 (V
4
) 345 (V
5
) 456 (V
6
) 561 (V
1
)
5
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (4)
Fig. 4 Waveforms of line to neutral (phase) voltages and line to line voltages
for six-step voltage source inverter.
Line to line voltages (V
ab
, V
bc
, V
ca
) and line to neutral voltages (V
an
, V
bn
, V
cn
)
V
ab
= V
aN
- V
bN
V
bc
= V
bN
- V
cN
V
ca
= V
cN
- V
aN
Line to line voltages
V
an
= 2/3V
aN
- 1/3V
bN
- 1/3V
cN
Phase voltages
V
bn
= -1/3V
aN
+ 2/3V
bN
- 1/3V
cN
V
cn
= -1/3V
aN
- 1/3V
bN
+ 2/3V
cN
6
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (5)
Amplitude of line to line voltages (V
ab
, V
bc
, V
ca
)
Fundamental Frequency Component (V
ab
)
1
Harmonic Frequency Components (V
ab
)
h
: amplitudes of harmonics decrease inversely proportional to their harmonic order
dc dc
dc
V 78 . 0 V
6
2
V 4
2
3
= =

(rms) ) (V
1 ab
3,.....) 2, 1, (n 1 6n h where,
V
78 . 0
dc ab
= =
=
h
(rms) ) (V
h
7
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I. Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
A. Six-Step VSI (6)
Characteristics of Six-step VSI
It is called six-step inverter because of the presence of six steps
in the line to neutral (phase) voltage waveform
Harmonics of order three and multiples of three are absent from
both the line to line and the line to neutral voltages
and consequently absent from the currents
Output amplitude in a three-phase inverter can be controlled
by only change of DC-link voltage (V
dc
)