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DIMENSIONS & PROPERTIES
HANDBOOK
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook i
D&P
Introduction
Steel & Tube takes great pleasure in providing this Dimensions & Properties Handbook for your use.
We endeavour to carry all popular products and sizes ex-stock, on a continuous basis. This latest
edition of the Steel & Tube Dimensions and Properties Handbook generally lists those sizes which we
carry ex-stock. However, there are some sizes that we offer on an indent basis only.
There are also many products that we carry, which do not feature in this particular publication. Please
contact your local Steel & Tube branch for further information on our comprehensive range of steel
products, or visit our web site www.steelandtube.co.nz, which features extensive product
information.
Please note: This document is in the process of being updated.
Indent Service: Steel & Tube's indent service can offer considerable savings when ordering product to
certain quantity or lead-time requirements. For specialist, non-standard products, talk to us about
bout global sourcing network 0800 478 335.
Telarc Limited/ISO 9001
Steel & Tube Distribution (a division of Steel & Tube Holdings Limited) is committed to providing
our customers with service in a consistent and reliable manner, which meets their needs, promotes
excellence in systems and commitment to continuous improvement in quality. To demonstrate this
commitment Steel & Tube Holdings Limited is a Telarc registered supplier, certied to ISO 9001.
Telarc Limited is a national technical authority responsible for quality system certication through
independent assessment, audit and testing of quality control procedures.
In practical terms, Telarc Limiteds role is to formally recognise all aspects of:
quality in processing, distribution and service
compliance with product or system specications or standards
technical competence of testing or inspecting
quality of service performance and delivery.
This is to be carried out in a manner sufcient to provide consumers with condence in the quality of
products and services.
Disclaimer: In compiling this publication we have been obliged to extract information from a wide range of
sources, both local and overseas, and whilst every precaution has been taken to ensure its accuracy
we do not accept any responsibility for errors or omissions which may be contained in this handbook.
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook ii
D&P
Contents
Proles ...................................................................................................................................1
Equal Angles ............................................................................................................................ 1
Unequal Angles ......................................................................................................................... 7
Parallel Flange Channels ........................................................................................................... 11
Taper Flange Channels ............................................................................................................. 13
DuraGal Proles ....................................................................................................................14
DuraGal Equal Angles .............................................................................................................. 14
DuraGal Unequal Angles .......................................................................................................... 23
DuraGal Channels ................................................................................................................... 28
DuraGal Flats .......................................................................................................................... 31
Plate ....................................................................................................................................32
Coil .....................................................................................................................................34
Wire and Sheet Metal Gauges .................................................................................................... 38
Reinforcing ...........................................................................................................................39
Rectangular Hollow Sections ...................................................................................................40
DuraGal Rectangular Hollow Sections ......................................................................................... 44
Galtube Plus Rectangular Hollow Sections ................................................................................... 48
Square Hollow Sections ..........................................................................................................49
DuraGal Square Hollow Sections ................................................................................................. 53
Galtube Plus Square Hollow Sections .......................................................................................... 55
Joists Taper Flange Beams ...................................................................................................56
Universal Beams ....................................................................................................................57
Universal Columns .................................................................................................................61
Tube and Pipe .......................................................................................................................63
Standards for this Section ........................................................................................................ 63
ERW Welded Tube .................................................................................................................... 64
Hollow Bar ............................................................................................................................. 65
Identication of Tube Wall Thicknesses ....................................................................................... 66
Maximum Safe Working Pressures .............................................................................................. 68
Tube and Pipe Quick Reference Tables ........................................................................................ 70
Circular Hollow Sections ........................................................................................................89
Galtube Plus Circular Hollow Sections ......................................................................................... 90
UltraPipe Circular Hollow Sections .........................................................................................91
UltraPipe Pressure Ratings ........................................................................................................ 93
Conversion and Comparison Information ..................................................................................96
Useful Equivalents ................................................................................................................... 96
Imperial to Metric Conversion Factors......................................................................................... 97
Metric to Imperial Conversion Factors......................................................................................... 99
Comparison Grades International Table .................................................................................. 101
Hardness Testing ................................................................................................................... 102
Tensile Testing ...................................................................................................................... 108
Tensile Strength conversion ................................................................................................. 110
Pressure, mechanical stress - conversion ................................................................................... 111
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 1
Proles
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Proles
EQUAL
ANGLES
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 3
E
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Proles
EQUAL
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 4 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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1
Proles
UNEQUAL
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 8 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 32 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Plate
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 58 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 63
Tube and Pipe
The following pages provide a schedule of the descriptions, outside diameters, and wall thicknesses of
pipe and tube, normally available from our stock or obtainable from our overseas suppliers.
These tables have been prepared as a quick reference guide to assist you to obtain the greatest
benet from our extensive stock range of material, and we hope it will enable you to specify to your
requirements more exactly in cases where the outside diameters are not mentioned in the normal
descriptions of our stock material. Mechanical property data has also been added for those instances
where the pipe or tube is intended for a structural application. In instances where mechanical
property data has not been included. Should you require this information, please contact us
on 0800 478 335.
Standards for this Section
BS 1387 Steel Tubes and Tubulars Suitable for Screwing to BS 21 Pipe Threads
Applies to welded, plain end, screwed and socketed tubes from 6NB to 150NB. It describes the quality
of material, workmanship and testing together with galvanising, packaging and marking. The weights
and dimensions of tube to BS 1387 are also in accordance with ISO R65. AS 1074 is the Australian
equivalent.
BS 3059: 1987 Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is in two parts. Part 1 is for low tensile carbon steel tubes without specied elevated
temperature properties. Part 2 covers Carbon, alloy and austenitic stainless steel tubes with specied
elevated temperature properties. (There is no Australian Standard equivalent to BS 3059 but tubes of
equal properties are covered by AS 1835 and AS 1836.)
BS 3601: 1987 Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pressure Purposes
Carbon steel with specied room temperature properties.
Species the material properties and tests for different methods of manufacture. These pipes are
intended for use in pipelines or similar services and are subject to the pressure and temperature
limitations shown in the appropriate application standard. (There is no direct Australian equivalent but
tubes of equal qualities are covered by AS 1835 and AS 1836.)
BS 3602: 1987 Steel Pipes and Tubes for Pressure Purposes
Carbon and carbon manganese steel with specied elevated temperature properties.
This standard covers the same technical requirements as BS 3601 but makes special mention of values at
elevated temperatures and stress rupture values. (Some tubes in AS 1836 will meet the requirements of
BS 3602.)
ASTM A106 Seamless Line & API 5LB ERW Line Pipe
Covers manufacturing, heat treatment, marking and chemical and tensile requirements. ASTM A106
is the American equivalent to Seamless BS 3602 and is intended primarily for pressure temperature
applications.
API 5L Specication for Line pipe is a comprehensive standard which covers everything from testing
down to dimensions and as its title implies is intended for pipe line reticulation of oil and gas. In
certain specic areas it can be used for pressure temperature duties.
ERW Tube AS 1450-1983 Steel Tubes for Mechanical Purposes
This standard species the technical requirements for the production and supply of carbon and carbon-
manganese steel tubes of round, square, rectangular or other non-circular cross-section, produced by
either cold-forming or hot-forming, and intended for use in mechanical applications.
T&P
TUBE
AND
PIPE
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 64 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 86 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 89
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UP
ULTRAPIPE
CIRCULAR
HOLLOW
SECTIONS
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 95
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UP
ULTRAPIPE
CIRCULAR
HOLLOW
SECTIONS
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 96 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Useful Equivalents
One U.K. gallon = 277.42 cubic in feet head = 0.43353 lbf/in
2
= 0.160544 cubic ft = 2.98907 kN/m
2
= 10 lb of water at 62F = 0.2965 bars
= 4.54596 litre = 0.03048 kgf/cm
2
= 1.20094 U.S. gallon = 0.02950 atm
= 0.3048 metres head
One U.S. gallon = 0.83268 U.K. gallon
= 8.3268 lb of water kN/m
2
= 0.14538 lbf/in
2
= 3.78531 litre = 0.334558 feet head
= 0.001 bars
One litre = 0.219967 U.K. gallon = 0.0101972 kgf/cm
2
= 0.264178 U.S. gallon = 0.0098694 atm
= 0.101972 metres head
One cubic in. of water = 0.036047 lb
= 0.0036047 U.K. gallon bar = 14.5038 lbf/in
2
= 33.4558 feet head
One cubic ft of water = 6.22884 U.K. gallon = 100 kN/m
2
= 7.48047 U.S. gallon = 1.01972 kgf/cm
2
= 28.3161 litre = 0.98694 atm
= 62.288 lb = 10.1972 metres head
= 0.0278 ton
kgf/cm
2
= 14.2233 lbf/in
2
One lb of water = 27.742 cubic in = 32.8084 feet head
= 0.10 U.K. gallon = 0.0098067 kN/m
2
= 0.120094 U.S. gallon = 0.98067 bars
= 0.45359237 kilogramme = 0.96784 atm
= 10 metres head
One ton of water = 35.962 cubic ft
= 224 U.K. gallon atm = 14.6959 lbf/in
2
= 269.01056 U.S. gallon = 33.8986 feet head
= 1018.2950 litre = 101.325 kN/m
2
= 1.01325 bars
lbf = 4.44822 N = 1.03323 kgf/cm
2
= .45393 kgf = 10.3323 metres head
N = 0.22481 lbf tonf/in
2
= 15.4443 MN/m
2
= 0.10197 kgf = 1.54443 h bars
= 1.57488 kgf/mm
2
kgf = 2.20462 lbf
= 9.80665 N MN/m
2
= 0.064749 tonf/in
2
= 0.1 h bars
lbf/in
2
= 2.30667 feet head = 0.101972 kgf/mm
2
= 6.89476 kN/m
2
= 0.0689476 bars h bar = 0.64749 tonf/in
2
= 0.07031 kgf/cm
2
= 10 MN/m
2
= 0.06805 atm = 1.01972 kgf/mm
2
= 0.7031 metres head
Conversion Factors
To calculate the mass of steel:
Round dia. mm
2
x 0.006165 = kg per metre
Hexagon size mm
2
x 0.006798 = kg per metre
Square thickness mm
2
x 0.00785 = kg per metre
Flat width in mm x thickness in mm x 0.00785 = kg per metre
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 97
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CCI
CONVERSION
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COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 98 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 99
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CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
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Dimensions and Properties Handbook 100 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
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c
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CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 101
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p
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g
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m
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3
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p
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s
Comparison Grades International Table
This comparison chart has been compiled for customers who work to overseas drawings and specications. It
is a guide only as standards or brand names are seldom exactly identical.
Grade German
Mat. No
Saarstahl
Grade
Rochling AISI BS
4659
BS 970
Part1
JIS ASSAB Thyssen Bohler/
VEW
High
Speed
Steels
1.3243
1.3247
1.3343
1.3243
1.3247
1.3343
GIANT M5 CO
GIANT 101
GIANT M5
M35
M42
M2
BM35
BM42
BM2
SKH 55
SKH 59
SKH 51 HSP 41 THYRAPID 3343
S705
S500
S600
Hot
Work
Steels
1.2343
1.2344
1.2714
1.2343
1.2344
1.2714
RDC 2
RDC 2 V
RGS 4
H11
H13
L6
BH11
BH13
SKD 6
SKD 61
SKS 51
8407 THYROTHERM 2344
W300
W302
W500
Plastic
Mould
Steels
1.2083
1.2311
1.2312
1.2738
1.2316
1.2083
1.2311
1.2312
1.2738
1.2316
MFR
MOULREX-A
BP 42
420
P20
P20+S
P20+Ni
BP20
420S29 SUS420J1 STAVAX
HOLDAX
THYROPLAST 2083
THYROPLAST 2311
THYROPLAST 2312
M310
M201
M200
Cold
Work
Steels
1.2080
1.2379
1.2436
1.2510
1.2767
1.2842
1.2363
1.2550
1.2080
1.2379
1.2436
1.2510
1.2767
1.2842
1.2363
1.2550
RCCO
RCC SUPRA
RCC EXTRA
RUS 3
RABW
RUS
RKCM
RTWK
D3
D2
D6
01
02
A2
S1
BD3
BD2
B01
EN30B
BA2
BS1
835M30
SKD 1
SKD 11
SKD 2
SKS 3
SKD 12
XW5
XW41
XW5
DF2
XW10
M4
THYRODUR 2080
THYRODUR 2379
THYRODUR 2510
THYRODUR 2767
THYRODUR 2343
THYRODUR 2550
K100
K110
K107
K460
K600
K720
K305
K455
Engi-
neering
Steels
1.1191
1.1203
1.7225
1.6582
1.6580
1.1191
1.1203
1.7225
1.6582
1.6580
R4
R5
MO 40
MONIX 15
1045
1055
4130
4140
4145H
4340
EN8D
EN9
EN19A
EN24
EN25
060A45
070M55
708A30
708M40
708H45
817M40
826M31
S45C
S55C
SCM430
SCM440
SCM445H
SNCM439
760
709
705
THYSSEN 6580
V945
V340
V320
V155
V145
Case
Harden-
ing
1.5752
1.6523
1.7131
1.7147
1.5752
1.6523
1.7131
1.7147
RAE 3
MONIX E
EC 80
EC 100
3415
8620
EN36A
EN39B
EN362
655M13
835M15
805A22
SNC815
SNCM815
SNCM220
E200
E115
E410
E401
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 102 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Hardness Testing
The hardness of a given material is generally dened as the resistance it shows to penetration by a test body
of dened shape. It can be measured with testing equipment of different design, the most common types
being Brinell, Rockwell and Vickers.
Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are expressed by the quotient of load and surface area of indentation.
The hardness numbers for Brinell and Vickers hardness are not affected by the introduction of Newton as unit
of force. It has been internationally agreed to simply multiply the load with the factor 0.102.
Example: Old New
HB =
F
HB = 0.102
F


A A
Load F in kp Load F in N
Surface area of permanent indentation A in mm
2
The following comparison of hardness tables are based on DIN 50 150 of December 1976. Values in bold face
correspond exactly to DIN values. The other values are interpolated. Values in parenthesis are values outside
the dened range of standardised hardness testing procedures. Also, Brinell hardness numbers in parenthesis
apply only when testing with carbide ball.
The tables cover only hot formed or heat treated, unalloyed or low alloy steels and steel castings.
Interconversion of hardness numbers or conversion of hardness numbers to tensile strength values is subject
to error and should only be employed when prescribed testing procedure is not applicable.
(Tests carried by Verein Deutscher Eisenhttenleute [VDEh] showed a scatter range for the conversion of
Vickers hardness numbers to tensile strength values of 25 HV 10 or 85 N/mm
2
.)
Comparison of Hardness
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
200
210
220
63
65
69
7.32
7.22
7.04
60
62
66
225
230
240
70
72
75
6.99
6.95
6.82
67
68
71
250
255
260
79
80
82
6.67
6.63
6.56
75
76
78
270
280
285
85
88
90
6.45
6.35
6.28
81
84
86
41
45
48
290
300
305
91
94
95
6.25
6.19
6.16
87
89
90
49
51
52
310
320
330
97
100
103
6.10
6.01
5.93
92
95
98
54
56
58
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 103
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
335
340
350
105
107
110
5.87
5.83
5.75
100
102
105
59
60
62
360
370
380
113
115
119
5.70
5.66
5.57
107
109
113
63.5
64.5
66
385
390
400
120
122
125
5.54
5.50
5.44
114
116
119
67
67.5
69
410
415
420
128
130
132
5.38
5.33
5.32
122
124
125
70
71
72
430
440
450
135
138
140
5.26
5.20
5.17
128
131
133
73
74
75
460
465
470
143
145
147
5.11
5.08
5.05
136
138
140
76.5
77
77.5
480
490
495
150
153
155
5.00
4.96
4.93
143
145
147
78.5
79.5
80
500
510
520
157
160
163
4.90
4.86
4.81
149
152
155
81
81.5
82.5
530
540
545
165
168
170
4.78
4.74
4.71
157
160
162
83
84.5
85
550
560
570
172
175
178
4.70
4.66
4.62
163
166
169
85.5
86
86.5
575
580
590
180
181
184
4.59
4.58
4.54
171
172
175
87
88
595
600
610
185
187
190
4.53
4.51
4.47
176
178
181
89
89.5
620
625
630
193
195
197
4.44
4.43
4.40
184
185
187
90
91
640
650
660
200
203
205
4.37
4.34
4.32
190
193
195
91.5
92
92.5
670
675
680
208
210
212
4.29
4.27
4.25
198
199
201
93
93.5
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 104 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
690
700
705
215
219
220
4.22
4.19
4.18
204
208
209
94
95
710
720
730
222
225
228
4.16
4.13
4.11
211
214
216
95.5
96
740
750
755
230
233
235
4.08
4.07
4.05
219
221
223
96.5
97
760
770
780
237
240
243
4.03
4.01
3.98
225
228
231
97.5
98
21
785
790
800
245
247
250
3.97
3.95
3.93
223
235
238
99
99.5 22
810
820
830
253
255
258
3.91
3.89
3.87
240
242
245
23
835
840
850
260
262
265
3.85
3.84
3.82
247
249
252
24
860
865
870
268
270
272
3.80
3.78
3.77
255
257
258
25
26
880
890
900
275
278
280
3.76
3.74
3.72
261
264
266 27
910
915
920
283
285
287
3.70
3.69
3.68
269
271
273 28
930
940
950
290
293
295
3.66
3.64
3.63
276
278
280
29
960
965
970
299
300
302
3.61
3.60
3.59
284
285
287 30
980
990
995
305
308
310
3.57
3.55
3.54
290
293
295 31
1000
1010
1020
311
314
317
3.53
3.52
3.50
296
299
301 32
1030
1040
1050
320
323
327
3.49
3.47
3.45
304
307
311 33
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 105
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
1060
1070
1080
330
333
336
3.44
3.43
3.41
314
316
319 34
1090
1095
1100
339
340
342
3.40
3.39
3.38
322
323
325
1110
1120
1125
345
349
350
3.36
3.35
3.34
328
332
333
35
1130
1140
1150
352
355
358
3.33
3.32
3.31
334
337
340
36
1155
1160
1170
360
361
364
3.30
3.29
3.28
342
343
346 37
1180
1190
1200
367
370
373
3.26
3.25
3.24
349
352
354 38
1210
1220
1230
376
380
382
3.23
3.21
3.20
357
361
363 39
1240
1250
1255
385
388
390
3.19
3.18
3.17
366
369
371
1260
1270
1280
392
394
397
3.16
3.14
372
374
377
40
1290
1300
1310
400
403
407
3.13
3.12
3.10
380
383
387
41
1320
1330
1340
410
413
417
3.09
3.08
3.07
390
393
396
42
1350
1360
1370
420
423
426
3.06
3.05
3.04
399
402
405
43
1380
1385
1390
429
430
431
3.02
408
409
410
1400
1410
1420
434
437
440
3.01
3.00
2.99
413
415
418
44
1430
1440
1450
443
446
449
2.98
2.97
2.96
421
424
427
45
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 106 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
1455
1460
1470
450
452
455
2.95
2.94
428
429
432
1480
1485
1490
458
460
461
2.93
2.92
435
437
438
46
1500
1510
1520
464
467
470
2.91
2.90
2.89
441
444
447
1530
1540
1550
473
476
479
2.88
2.87
449
452
455
47
1555
1560
1570
480
481
484
2.86
2.85
(456)
(457)
(460) 48
1580
1590
1595
486
489
490
2.84
2.83
(462)
(465)
(466)
1600
1610
1620
491
494
497
2.82
(467)
(470)
(472) 49
1630
1640
1650
500
503
506
2.80
2.79
(475)
(478)
(481)
1660
1665
1670
509
510
511
2.78
(483)
(485)
(486)
1680
1690
1700
514
517
520
2.77
2.76
2.75
(488)
(491)
(494)
50
1710
1720
1730
522
525
527
2.74
(496)
(499)
(501) 51
1740
1750
1760
530
533
536
2.73
2.71
2.71
(504)
(506)
(509)
1770
1775
1780
539
540
541
2.70
(512)
(513)
(514)
1790
1800
1810
544
547
550
2.69
2.68
(517)
(520)
(523)
52
1820
1830
1840
553
556
559
2.67
2.66
(525)
(528)
(531)
1845
1850
1860
560
561
564
2.65
(532)
(533)
(536)
53
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 107
Tensile
strength
N/mm
2
Vickers
hardness
(F > 98 N)
HV
Ball
indentation
diameter
1
mm
Brinell
hardness
2
HB
Rockwell hardness
HRB HRC
1870
1880
1890
567
570
572
2.64
2.63
(539)
(542)
(543)
1900
1910
1920
575
578
580
2.62
2.61
(546)
(549)
(551)
54
1930
1940
1950
583
586
589
2.60
2.59
(554)
(557)
(560)
1955
1960
1970
590
591
594 2.58
(561)
(562)
(564)
1980
1990
1995
596
599
600
2.57
(567)
(569)
(570)
55
2000
2010
2020
602
605
607
2.56
2.55
(572)
(575)
(577)
2030
2040
2050
610
613
615
2.54
(580)
(582)
(584) 56
2060
2070
2080
618
620
623
2.53
2.52
(587)
(589)
(592)
2090
2100
2105
626
629
630
2.51
(595)
(598)
(599)
2110
2120
2130
631
634
636
2.50
(600)
(602)
(604)
2140
2145
2150
639
640
641
2.49 (607)
(608)
(609)
57
2160
2170
2180
644
647
650
2.48
2.47
(621)
(615)
(618)
2190
2200
653
655
675
2.46
(620)
(622) 58
59
698
720
745
60
61
62
773
800
829
63
64
65
864
900
940
66
67
68
1
steel ball with 10mm diameter
2
calculated from: HB = 0.95 HV
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 108 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
Symbol Designation Unit
new
old
A d Elongation after fracture %
d
0 d
0
Original diameter of parallel length of test
piece of circular cross section
mm
E E Modulus of elasticity N/mm
2
(MPa)
F P Load N
Fm Pmax Maximum load N
L
0
L
0
Original gauge length at ambient temperature mm
Lu LB Final gauge length after fracture mm
Rp
e.g. Rp0.2
s
s0.2
Proof stress (non-proportional elongation)
e.g. 0.2 non-proportional elongation
N/mm
2
(MPa)
ReH sSo Upper yield stress N/mm
2
(MPa)
ReL sSu Lower yield stress N/mm
2
(MPa)
Rm sB Tensile strength N/mm
2
(MPa)
So Fo Original cross-sectional area mm
2
Su FB Minimum cross-sectional area
after fracture
mm
2
Z Y Reduction of area %
e e Elongation %
ee eel Elastic elongation %
ep Non-proportional elongation %
er ebl Permanent elongation %
et eges Total elongation %
s s Stress
(nominal stress)
N/mm
2
(MPa)
Tensile Testing
The following information on this basic testing procedure takes into account all changes
resulting from internationally approved ISO recommendations which have been incorporated
into a number of national standards.
ISO 6892 NFA 03-151
EU 2 UNI 55612
DIN 50145 JIS Z2201
BS 18/Part 2
Symbols, designations, units
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 109
Specimen prior to tensile testing
Specimen after fracture
Stress s
Stress (nominal stress) is dened as load, at any moment during the test, divided by the original
cross-sectional area.
s =
F
[N/mm
2
]

S
o
Tensile strength R
m
Tensile strength is dened as stress corresponding to the maximum load divided by the original
cross-sectional area of the specimen.
R
m
=
F
m
[N/mm
2
]

S
o
Modulus of elasticity E (static modulus of elasticity)
Quotient of load F divided by the original cross-sectional area S
o
and extension L
e
divided by
extensometer gauge length L
E0
in the rank of elastic deformation
E
m
=
F . L
E0
=
s
m
. 100
So .L
e

e
e
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 110 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
ksi 0
N/mm2 (MPa)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
10
20
30
40

68.95
137.90
206.84
275.79
6.90
75.84
144.79
213.74
282.69
13.79
82.74
151.69
220.60
289.58
20.68
89.63
158.58
227.53
296.48
27.58
96.53
165.47
234.42
303.37
34.47
103.42
172.37
241.32
310.26
41.37
110.32
176.26
248.21
317.16
48.26
117.21
186.16
255.11
324.05
55.16
124.11
193.0
262.00
330.95
62.05
131.00
199.95
268.90
337.84
50
60
70
80
90
344.74
413.69
482.63
551.58
620.53
351.63
420.58
489.53
558.48
627.42
358.53
427.48
496.48
565.37
634.32
365.42
434.47
503.32
572.27
641.21
372.32
441.26
510.21
579.16
648.11
379.21
448.16
517.11
586.05
655.00
386.11
455.05
524.00
592.95
661.90
393.00
461.95
530.90
599.84
668.79
399.90
468.84
537.79
606.74
675.69
406.79
475.74
544.69
613.63
682.58
100
110
120
130
140
689.48
758.43
827.37
896.32
965.27
696.37
765.32
834.27
903.21
972.16
703.27
772.21
841.16
910.11
979.06
710.16
779.11
848.06
917.00
985.95
717.06
786.00
854.95
923.90
992.85
723.95
792.90
861.85
930.79
999.74
730.84
799.79
868.74
937.69
1006.63
737.74
806.69
875.63
944.85
1013.53
744.63
813.58
882.53
951.48
1020.42
751.53
820.48
889.42
958.37
1027.32
150
160
170
180
190
1034.21
1103.16
1172.11
1241.06
1310.00
1041.11
1110.06
1179.00
1247.95
1316.90
1048.00
1116.65
1185.90
1254.85
1323.79
1054.90
1123.85
1192.79
1261.74
1330.69
1061.79
1130.74
1199.69
1268.64
1337.58
1068.69
1137.63
1206.58
1275.53
1344.48
1075.58
1144.53
1213.48
1282.42
1351.37
1082.48
1151.42
1220.37
1289.32
1358.27
1089.37
1158.32
1227.27
1296.21
1365.16
1096.27
1165.21
1234.16
1303.11
1372.06
200
210
220
230
240
1378.95
1447.90
1516.85
1585.79
1654.74
1385.85
1454.74
1523.74
1592.69
1661.64
1392.74
1461.69
1530.64
1599.58
1668.53
1399.64
1648.58
1537.53
1606.48
1675.43
1406.53
1475.48
1544.43
1613.37
1682.32
1413.43
1482.37
1551.32
1620.27
1689.22
1420.32
1489.27
1558.22
1627.16
1696.11
1427.21
1496.16
1565.11
1634.06
1703.01
1434.11
1503.06
1572.00
1640.95
1709.90
1441.00
1509.95
1578.90
1647.85
1716.79
250
260
270
280
290
1723.69
1792.64
1861.58
1930.53
1999.48
1730.58
1799.53
1868.48
1937.43
2006.37
1737.48
1806.43
1875.37
1944.32
2013.27
1744.37
1813.32
1882.27
1951.22
2020.16
1751.27
1820.22
1889.16
1958.11
2027.06
1758.16
1827.11
1896.06
1965.01
2033.95
1765.06
1834.01
1902.95
1971.90
2040.85
1771.95
1840.90
1909.85
1978.80
2047.74
1778.85
1847.79
1916.47
1985.69
2054.64
1785.74
1854.69
1923.64
1992.58
2061.53
300
310
320
330
340
2068.43
2137.37
2206.32
2275.27
2344.22
2075.32
2144.27
2213.22
2282.16
2351.11
2082.22
2151.16
2220.11
2289.06
2358.01
2089.11
2158.06
2227.01
2295.95
2364.90
2096.01
2164.95
2233.90
2302.85
2371.80
2102.90
2171.85
2240.80
2309.74
2378.69
2109.80
2178.74
2247.69
2316.64
2385.59
2116.69
2185.64
2254.59
2323.53
2392.48
2123.59
2192.53
2261.48
2330.43
2399.38
2130.48
2199.43
2268.38
2337.32
2406.37
350
360
370
380
390
2413.17
2482.11
2551.06
2620.01
2688.96
2420.06
2489.01
2557.95
2626.90
2695.85
2426.95
2495.90
2564.85
2633.80
2702.74
2433.85
2502.80
2571.74
2640.69
2709.64
2440.74
2509.69
2578.64
2647.59
2716.53
2447.64
2516.59
2585.53
2654.48
2723.43
2454.53
2523.48
2592.43
2661.38
2730.32
2461.43
2530.38
2599.32
2668.27
2737.22
2468.32
2537.27
2606.22
2675.17
2744.11
2475.22
2544.17
2613.11
2682.06
2751.01
400
410
420
430
440
2757.90
2826.85
2895.80
2964.75
3033.69
2764.80
2833.75
2902.69
2971.64
3940.59
2771.69
2840.64
2909.59
2978.54
3047.48
2778.59
2847.53
2916.48
2985.43
3054.38
2785.48
2854.43
2923.38
2992.32
3061.27
2792.38
2861.32
2930.27
2999.22
3068.17
2799.27
2868.22
2937.17
3006.11
3075.06
2806.17
2875.11
2944.06
3013.01
3081.96
2813.06
2882.01
2950.96
3019.90
3088.85
2819.96
2888.90
2957.85
3026.80
3095.75
450
460
470
480
490
3102.64
3171.59
3240.54
3309.48
3378.43
3109.54
3148.78
3247.43
3316.38
3385.33
3116.43
3185.38
3254.33
3323.27
3392.22
3123.33
3192.27
3261.22
3330.17
3399.12
3130.22
3199.17
3268.11
3337.06
3406.01
3137.11
3206.06
3275.01
3343.96
3412.90
3144.01
3212.96
3281.90
3350.85
3419.80
3150.90
3219.85
3288.50
3357.75
3426.69
3157.80
3226.75
3295.69
3364.64
3433.59
3164.69
3233.64
3302.59
3371.54
3440.48
500 3447.38 3454.27 3461.17 3468.06 3474.96 3481.85 3488.75 3495.64 3502.54 3509.43
Tensile Strength conversion
ksi to N/mm
2
(MPa) 1 lbf = 0.453 592 37 kp 1 kp = 9.806 65 N 1 in = 0.025 4 m 1 ksi = 1000 psi
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 111
Pressure, mechanical stress conversion
tonf/in
2
to MN/m
2
(MPa)
1 tonf (Brit.) = 2,240 lbf 1 lbf = 0.453 592 37 kp 1 kp = 9.806 65 N 1 in = 0.0254 m
tonf/in
2
0
MN/m
2
= N/mm
2
=

(MPa)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
1
2
3
4

15.444
30.889
46.333
61.777
1.544
16.989
32.433
47.877
63.322
3.089
18.533
33.977
49.422
64.866
4.633
20.078
35.522
50.966
66.410
6.178
21.622
37.066
52.511
67.955
7.722
23.166
38.611
54.055
69.499
9.267
24.711
40.155
55.599
71.044
10.811
26.255
41.700
57.144
72.588
12.355
27.800
43.244
58.688
74.132
13.900
29.344
44.788
60.233
75.677
5
6
7
8
9
77.221
92.666
108.110
123.554
138.998
78.766
94.210
109.654
125.098
140.543
80.310
95.754
111.199
126.643
142.087
81.855
97.299
112.743
128.187
143.632
83.399
98.943
114.287
129.732
145.176
84.943
100.388
115.832
131.276
146.720
86.488
101.932
117.376
132.821
148.265
88.032
103.477
118.921
134.365
149.809
89.577
105.021
120.465
135.909
151.354
91.121
106.565
122.010
137.454
152.898
10
11
12
13
14
154.443
169.887
185.331
200.775
216.220
155.987
171.431
186.876
202.320
217.764
157.531
172.976
188.420
203.864
219.308
159.076
174.520
189.964
205.409
220.853
160.620
176.065
191.509
206.953
222.397
162.165
177.609
193.053
208.497
223.942
163.709
179.153
194.598
210.042
225.486
165.254
180.698
196.142
211.586
227.031
166.798
182.242
197.686
213.313
228.575
168.342
183.787
199.231
214.675
230.119
15
16
17
18
19
231.664
247.108
262.552
277.997
293.441
233.208
248.635
264.097
279.541
294.985
234.753
250.197
265.641
281.085
296.530
236.297
251.741
267.186
282.630
298.074
237.824
253.286
268.730
284.174
299.619
239.386
254.830
270.274
285.719
301.163
240.930
256.375
271.819
287.263
302.707
242.475
257.919
273.363
288.808
304.252
244.019
259.464
274.908
290.352
305.796
245.564
261.008
276.452
291.896
307.341
20
21
22
23
24
308.885
324.329
339.774
355.218
370.662
310.430
325.874
341.318
356.762
372.207
311.974
327.418
342.862
358.307
373.751
313.518
328.963
344.407
359.851
375.295
315.063
330.507
345.951
361.396
376.840
316.607
332.052
347.496
362.940
378.384
318.152
333.596
349.040
634.484
379.929
319.696
335.140
350.585
366.029
381.473
321.241
336.685
352.129
367.573
383.018
322.785
338.229
353.673
369.118
384.562
25
26
27
28
29
386.106
401.551
416.995
432.439
447.883
387.651
403.095
418.539
433.984
449.428
389.195
404.640
420.084
435.528
450.972
390.740
406.184
421.628
437.072
452.517
392.284
407.728
423.173
438.617
454.061
393.829
409.273
424.717
440.161
455.606
395.373
410.817
426.261
441.706
457.150
396.917
412.362
427.806
443.250
458.694
398.462
413.906
429.350
444.795
460.239
400.006
415.450
430.895
446.339
461.783
30
31
32
33
34
463.328
478.772
494.216
509.660
525.105
464.872
480.316
495.761
511.205
526.649
466.417
481.861
497.305
512.749
528.194
467.961
483.405
498.849
514.294
529.738
469.505
484.950
500.394
515.838
531.282
471.050
486.494
501.938
517.383
532.827
472.594
488.039
503.483
518.927
534.371
474.139
489.583
505.027
520.471
535.916
475.683
491.127
506.572
522.016
537.460
477.228
492.672
508.116
523.560
539.005
35
36
37
38
39
540.549
555.993
571.437
586.882
602.326
542.093
557.538
572.982
588.426
603.870
543.638
559.082
574.526
589.971
605.415
545.182
560.627
576.071
591.515
606.959
546.727
562.171
577.615
593.059
608.504
548.271
563.715
579.160
594.604
610.048
549.816
565.260
580.704
596.148
611.593
551.360
566.804
582.248
597.693
613.137
552.904
568.349
583.793
599.237
614.681
554.449
569.893
585.337
600.782
616.226
40
41
42
43
44
617.770
633.215
648.659
664.103
679.547
619.315
634.759
650.203
665.647
681.092
620.859
636.303
651.748
667.192
682.636
622.404
637.848
653.292
668.736
684.181
623.948
639.392
654.836
670.281
685.725
625.492
640.937
656.381
671.825
687.269
627.037
642.481
657.925
673.370
688.814
628.581
644.025
659.470
674.914
690.358
630.126
645.570
661.014
676.458
691.903
631.670
647.114
662.559
678.003
693.447
45
46
47
48
49
694.992
710.436
725.880
741.324
756.769
696.536
711.980
727.424
742.869
758.313
698.080
713.525
728.969
744.413
759.857
699.625
715.069
730.513
745.958
761.402
701.169
716.613
732.058
747.502
762.946
702.714
718.158
733.602
749.046
764.491
704.258
719.702
735.147
750.591
766.035
705.803
721.247
736.691
752.135
767.580
707.347
722.791
738.235
753.680
769.124
708.891
724.336
739.780
755.224
770.668
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 112 Dimensions and Properties Handbook
tonf/in
2
0
MN/m
2
= N/mm
2
=

(MPa)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
50
51
52
53
54
772.21
787.66
803.10
818.55
833.99
773.76
789.20
804.65
820.09
835.35
775.30
790.75
806.19
821.63
837.08
776.85
792.29
807.74
823.18
838.62
778.39
793.84
801.28
824.72
840.17
779.94
795.38
810.82
826.27
841.71
781.48
796.48
812.37
827.81
843.26
783.02
798.47
813.91
829.36
844.80
784.57
800.01
815.46
830.90
846.35
786.11
801.56
817.00
823.45
847.89
55
56
57
58
59
849.43
864.88
880.32
895.77
911.21
850.98
866.42
881.87
897.31
912.76
852.52
867.97
883.41
898.86
914.30
854.07
869.51
884.96
900.40
915.84
855.61
871.06
886.50
901.95
917.38
857.16
872.60
888.05
903.49
918.93
858.70
874.15
889.59
905.03
920.48
860.25
875.69
891.13
906.58
922.02
861.79
877.23
892.68
908.12
923.57
863.33
878.78
894.22
909.67
925.11
60
61
62
63
64
926.66
942.10
957.54
972.99
988.43
928.20
943.64
959.09
974.53
989.98
929.74
945.19
960.63
976.08
991.52
931.29
946.73
962.18
977.62
993.07
932.83
948.28
963.72
979.17
994.61
934.38
949.82
965.27
980.71
996.16
935.92
951.37
966.81
982.26
997.70
937.47
952.91
968.36
983.80
999.24
930.01
954.46
969.90
985.34
1000.79
940.56
956.00
971.44
986.89
1002.33
65
66
67
68
69
1003.88
1019.32
1034.77
1050.21
1065.65
1005.72
1020.87
1036.31
1051.75
1067.20
1006.97
1022.41
1037.85
1053.30
1068.74
1008.51
1023.95
1039.40
1054.84
1070.29
1010.05
1025.50
1040.94
1056.39
1071.83
1011.60
1027.04
1042.49
1057.93
1073.38
1013.14
1027.04
1042.49
1057.93
1073.38
1014.69
1030.13
1045.58
1061.02
1076.76
1016.23
1031.68
1047.12
1062.56
1078.01
1017.78
1033.22
1048.67
1064.11
1079.55
70
71
72
73
74
1081.10
1096.54
1111.99
1127.43
1142.87
1082.64
1098.09
1113.53
1128.98
1144.42
1084.19
1099.63
1115.08
1130.52
1145.96
1085.73
1101.18
1116.62
1132.06
1147.51
1087.28
1102.72
1118.16
1133.61
1149.05
1088.82
1104.26
1119.71
1135.15
1150.60
1088.82
1104.26
1119.71
1135.15
1150.60
1091.91
1107.35
1122.80
1138.24
1153.69
1093.45
1108.90
1124.34
1139.79
1155.23
1095.00
1110.44
1125.89
1141.33
1156.77
75
76
77
78
79
1158.32
1173.76
1189.21
1204.65
1220.10
1159.86
1175.32
1190.75
1206.20
1221.64
1161.41
1167.85
1192.30
1207.74
1223.19
1162.95
1178.40
1193.84
1209.29
1224.73
1164.50
1179.94
1195.39
1210.83
1226.27
1166.04
1181.49
1196.93
1212.37
1227.82
1167.59
1183.03
1198.47
1213.92
1229.36
1169.13
1184.57
1200.02
1215.46
1230.91
1170.67
1186.12
1201.56
1217.01
1232.45
1172.22
1187.66
1203.11
1218.55
1234.00
80
81
82
83
84
1235.54
1250.98
1266.43
1281.87
1297.32
1237.08
1252.53
1267.97
1283.42
1298.86
1238.63
1254.07
1269.52
1284.96
1300.41
1240.17
1255.62
1271.06
1286.51
1301.95
1241.72
1257.16
1272.61
1288.05
1303.50
1234.26
1258.71
1274.15
1289.60
1305.04
1244.81
1260.25
1275.70
1291.14
1306.58
1246.35
1261.80
1277.24
1292.68
1308.13
1247.90
1263.34
1278.78
1294.23
1309.67
1249.44
1264.88
1280.33
1295.77
1311.22
85
86
87
88
89
1312.76
1328.21
1343.65
1359.09
1374.54
1314.31
1329.75
1345.19
1360.64
1376.08
1315.85
1331.29
1346.74
1362.18
1377.63
1317.40
1332.84
1348.28
1363.73
1379.17
1318.94
1334.38
1349.83
1365.27
1380.72
1320.48
1335.93
1351.37
1366.82
1382.26
1322.03
1337.47
1352.92
1368.36
1383.81
1323.57
1339.02
1354.46
1369.91
1385.35
1325.12
1340.56
1356.01
1371.45
1386.89
1326.66
1342.11
1357.55
1372.99
1388.44
90
91
92
93
94
1389.98
1405.43
1420.87
1436.32
1451.76
1391.53
1406.97
1422.42
1437.86
1453.30
1393.07
1408.52
1423.96
1439.40
1454.85
1394.62
1410.06
1425.50
1440.95
1456.39
1396.16
1411.61
1427.05
1442.49
1457.94
1397.71
1413.15
1428.59
1444.04
1459.48
1399.25
1414.69
1430.14
1445.58
1461.03
1400.79
1416.24
1431.68
1447.13
1462.57
1402.34
1417.78
1433.23
1448.67
1464.12
1403.88
1419.33
1434.77
1450.22
1465.66
95
96
97
98
99
1467.20
1482.65
1498.09
1513.54
1528.98
1468.75
1484.19
1499.64
1515.08
1530.53
1470.29
1485.74
1501.18
1516.63
1532.07
1471.84
1487.28
1502.73
1518.17
1533.61
1473.38
1488.83
1504.27
1519.71
1535.16
1474.93
1490.37
1505.81
1521.26
1536.70
1476.47
1491.92
1507.36
1522.80
1538.25
1478.02
1493.46
1508.90
1524.35
1539.79
1479.56
1495.00
1510.45
1525.89
1541.34
1481.10
1496.55
1511.99
1527.44
1542.88
100 1544.43
CCI
CONVERSION
AND
COMPARISON
INFORMATION
Dimensions and Properties Handbook Dimensions and Properties Handbook 113
Notes:
Notes:
Dimensions and Properties Handbook 114
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