1.

SQL: (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)

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IT IS USED TO MAINTAIN DATA IN DATABASE USING
SQL STATEMENTS one by one.
DATA TYPES IN SQL:
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SPECIFIES FORMAT OF DATA TO EVERY COLUMN OF A TABLE.
1. NUMBER: Allows only number type of data
SYN : NUMBER(<PRECISION> , [SCALE])
(REAL) DECIMAL
EX1: EMPNO NUMBER(4)
EX2: SAL NUMBER(9 , 2) -> 7 REAL,2 DECIMAL
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
MAX SIZE - 38DIGITS
2. CHAR: Allows alphanumeric values.
SYN : CHAR(SIZE)
EX: ENAME CHAR(10) - suresh
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS CONSTANT.
WASTAGE OF MEMORY.
MAX SIZE -> 2000CHAR/BYTE
3. VARCHAR2:( VARIABLE CHARACTER )
Allows alphanumeric values.
SYN: VARCHAR2(SIZE)
EX: ENAME VARCHAR2(10) - suresh
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
NO WASTAGE OF MEMORY.
MAX SIZE -> 4000CHAR.
4. DATE : Allows only dates.
SYN: DATE
EX: DOJ DATE
STANDARD FORMAT TO INPUT -> DD-MON-YY
STANDARD FORMAT TO DISPLAY-> DD-MON-YY
22-AUG-13
FIXED SIZE -> 8 BYTES
5. LONG: HUGE INFORMATION(ALPHANUMERIC)
SYN: LONG
EX: REMARKS LONG
MAX SIZE -> 2GB
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
Limitations: ONLY 1 LONG / TABLE.
6. RAW: Allows IMAGES.
SYN: RAW(SIZE)
EX: PHOTO RAW(500)
MAX SIZE -> 2000BYTES
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
Limitations:
Oracle is cui( character user interface).
So, we canot provide pictures directly from oracle.
We need to use any front end tool(JAVA) to provide and display IMAGES.
7. LONG RAW: INFORMATION + IMAGES.
SYN: LONG RAW
EX : DESCRIPTION LONG RAW
MAX SIZE -> 2GB
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
NOTE: EITHER 1 LONG OR 1 LONG RAW PER TABLE.
We need to use any front end tool(JAVA) to provide and display images.
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oracle 8.0: (large objects)
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8. CLOB(CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT)
HUGE INFORMATION FOR MULTIPLE columns.
SYN : CLOB
EX: REMARKS CLOB
MAX SIZE -> 4GB
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
9. BLOB (BINARY LARGE OBJECT )
HUGE IMAGES
SYN : BLOB
EX: PHOTO BLOB
MAX SIZE -> 4GB
MEMORY ALLOCATION IS DYNAMIC.
note: We need to use any front end tool(JAVA) to provide and display -------
IMAGES.
10. BFILE:(BINARY FILE)
USED TO LINK FLAT FILES LIKE .TXT , .DOC , etc
TO COLUMN OF A TABLE.
We can link flat file to column of a table using bfilename( ).
But we cannot display in oracle.
We need to use any FE tool to display .
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