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V100R006C10
Maintenance Guide
Issue 01
Date 2013-12-15
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
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About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Version
OptiX RTN 950 V100R006C10
iManager U2000 V200R001C00
Intended Audience
This document provides the guidelines to maintaining the OptiX RTN 950. It also describes the
alarms and performance events that are required for troubleshooting during the maintenance.
This document is intended for:
l Network planning engineer
l Data configuration engineer
l System maintenance engineer
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,
which if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
OptiX RTN 950 Radio Transmission System
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Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level
of risk, which if not avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a
problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize
or supplement important points of the main
text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in
boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.
Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected.
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Convention Description
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }
*
Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by
vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]
*
Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by
vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles
are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"
signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 01 (2013-12-15) Based on Product Version V100R006C10
This document is the first issue of the V100R006C10 product version.
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Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii
1 Safety Precautions.........................................................................................................................1
1.1 General Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols.........................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Electrical Safety..............................................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas.....................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Storage Batteries.............................................................................................................................................................7
1.6 Radiation.........................................................................................................................................................................9
1.6.1 Safe Usage of Optical Fibers.......................................................................................................................................9
1.6.2 Electromagnetic Exposure.........................................................................................................................................11
1.6.3 Forbidden Areas........................................................................................................................................................11
1.6.4 Laser..........................................................................................................................................................................11
1.6.5 Microwave.................................................................................................................................................................12
1.7 Working at Heights.......................................................................................................................................................13
1.7.1 Hoisting Heavy Objects.............................................................................................................................................13
1.7.2 Using Ladders............................................................................................................................................................14
1.8 Mechanical Safety........................................................................................................................................................16
1.9 Other Precautions.........................................................................................................................................................17
2 Notices for High-Risk Operations...........................................................................................19
2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle Lever Switch.............................................................................................................20
2.2 Operation Guide for the IF Jumper...............................................................................................................................22
2.3 Operation Guide for the IF Cables...............................................................................................................................23
2.4 Operation Guide for the IF Board.................................................................................................................................24
3 Routine Maintenance..................................................................................................................26
4 Network Monitoring...................................................................................................................29
4.1 Checking the NE Status................................................................................................................................................30
4.2 Checking the Board Status...........................................................................................................................................31
4.3 Alarm and Performance Data Query............................................................................................................................32
4.3.1 Browsing Current Alarms..........................................................................................................................................32
4.3.2 Browsing Historical Alarms......................................................................................................................................37
4.3.3 Browsing Current Performance Events.....................................................................................................................40
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4.3.4 Browsing Historical Performance Events..................................................................................................................42
4.3.5 Browsing the Performance Event Threshold-Crossing Records...............................................................................43
4.3.6 Browsing UAT Events...............................................................................................................................................45
4.4 Microwave Link Performance Query...........................................................................................................................46
4.4.1 Querying the Historical Transmit Power and Receive Power...................................................................................46
4.4.2 Querying the SNR Values of a Radio Link...............................................................................................................47
4.4.3 Browsing Current Performance Events of the radio link...........................................................................................48
4.4.4 Browsing Historical Performance Data of a Radio Link...........................................................................................50
4.5 Ethernet Performance Query........................................................................................................................................51
4.5.1 Browsing Current Ethernet Performance..................................................................................................................51
4.5.2 Configuring Ethernet Performance Threshold-Crossing Parameters........................................................................55
4.5.3 Setting Parameters for Monitoring Historical Ethernet Performance........................................................................58
4.5.4 Browsing Historical Ethernet Performance Data......................................................................................................59
4.6 Ethernet Port Traffic Monitoring..................................................................................................................................62
4.6.1 Setting Traffic, Physical Bandwidth, or Bandwidth Utilization of Ethernet Ports....................................................62
4.6.2 Querying Traffic, Physical Bandwidth, or Bandwidth Utilization............................................................................63
4.7 Long-term Network Performance Monitoring.............................................................................................................65
4.7.1 Creating a Performance Monitoring Template..........................................................................................................65
4.7.2 Creating a Performance Monitoring Instance............................................................................................................67
4.7.3 Browsing the Real-Time Data of a Performance Monitoring Instance.....................................................................71
4.7.4 Browsing the Historical Data of a Performance Monitoring Instance......................................................................72
4.8 Report Query................................................................................................................................................................73
4.8.1 Querying the Microwave Link Information Report...................................................................................................73
4.8.2 Querying the Network-wide License Report.............................................................................................................74
4.8.3 Querying the Microwave Configuration Report........................................................................................................76
4.8.4 Querying the Board Information Report...................................................................................................................77
4.8.5 Querying the Board Manufacturing Information Report...........................................................................................80
4.8.6 Querying the ODU Information Report.....................................................................................................................81
4.9 Alarm and Performance Management Setting..............................................................................................................82
4.9.1 Configuring the Performance Monitoring Status of NEs..........................................................................................82
4.9.2 Setting Severity and Auto Reporting Status of Alarms.............................................................................................83
4.9.3 Suppressing Alarms for Monitored Objects..............................................................................................................84
4.9.4 Suppressing Alarms for NEs.....................................................................................................................................85
4.9.5 Reversing Alarms for Service Ports..........................................................................................................................86
4.9.6 Setting Trigger Conditions of AIS Insertion.............................................................................................................87
4.9.7 Setting Trigger Conditions of UNEQ Insertion.........................................................................................................87
4.9.8 Setting Bit Error Thresholds for Service Ports..........................................................................................................88
4.9.9 Setting Monitoring and Auto-Report Status of Performance Events........................................................................89
4.9.10 Setting Performance Thresholds..............................................................................................................................90
4.9.11 Resetting Performance Registers.............................................................................................................................90
5 Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................92
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5.1 General Troubleshooting Procedure.............................................................................................................................94
5.2 Troubleshooting Service Interruptions.........................................................................................................................96
5.3 Troubleshooting the Radio Link.................................................................................................................................103
5.4 Troubleshooting Bit Errors in TDM Services............................................................................................................110
5.5 Troubleshooting Pointer Justifications.......................................................................................................................115
5.6 Troubleshooting the Interconnection with SDH Equipment......................................................................................119
5.7 Troubleshooting the Interconnection with PDH Equipment......................................................................................123
5.8 Troubleshooting Native Ethernet Service Faults........................................................................................................126
5.9 Troubleshooting Ethernet Service on the EoS/EoPDH Plane....................................................................................134
5.10 Troubleshooting MPLS Tunnels..............................................................................................................................140
5.11 Troubleshooting CES Services.................................................................................................................................144
5.12 Troubleshooting ATM Services...............................................................................................................................149
5.13 Troubleshooting Ethernet Services Carried by PWs................................................................................................153
5.14 Troubleshooting L3VPN Services............................................................................................................................160
5.15 Troubleshooting DCN Faults....................................................................................................................................163
5.16 Troubleshooting Orderwire Faults............................................................................................................................168
5.17 Typical Cases............................................................................................................................................................170
5.17.1 Transient Link Unavailability Due to Multi-path Fading......................................................................................170
5.17.2 Transoceanic Link Transient Unavailability Due to Insufficient Height Difference between Diversity Antennas
..........................................................................................................................................................................................172
5.17.3 Link Unavailability Due to Inter-building Reflection...........................................................................................173
5.17.4 Unidirectional Link Availability Due to Interference...........................................................................................174
5.17.5 Bit Errors on Microwave Links.............................................................................................................................175
5.17.6 Poor Reliability Due to Network Planning Errors.................................................................................................176
6 Part Replacement.......................................................................................................................178
6.1 Removing a Board......................................................................................................................................................180
6.2 Inserting a Board........................................................................................................................................................183
6.3 Replacing the SDH Optical Interface Board..............................................................................................................185
6.4 Replacing the Channelized STM-1 Processing Board...............................................................................................186
6.5 Replacing the PDH Interface Board...........................................................................................................................187
6.6 Replacing the Smart E1 Interface Board....................................................................................................................188
6.7 Replacing the Ethernet Interface Board......................................................................................................................189
6.8 Replacing the IF Board...............................................................................................................................................190
6.9 Replacing the CF Card...............................................................................................................................................192
6.10 Replacing the System Control, Switching and Timing Board..................................................................................193
6.11 Replacing the Auxiliary Board.................................................................................................................................198
6.12 Replacing the Fan Board..........................................................................................................................................198
6.13 Replacing the Power Board......................................................................................................................................200
6.14 Replacing the SFP....................................................................................................................................................202
6.15 Replacing the ODU..................................................................................................................................................203
6.16 Replacing the IF Cable.............................................................................................................................................205
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6.17 Erasing Data in the Repair Parts...............................................................................................................................206
6.17.1 Board Storage Media.............................................................................................................................................206
6.17.2 Removing the CF Card..........................................................................................................................................207
6.17.3 Formatting the Flash Memory...............................................................................................................................208
7 Database Backup and Restoration.........................................................................................210
7.1 NE Database...............................................................................................................................................................211
7.2 Backing Up the Database Manually...........................................................................................................................212
7.3 Setting the Database Backup Policy...........................................................................................................................214
7.3.1 Setting the User-Defined Backup Policy.................................................................................................................214
7.3.2 Enable the Backup Policy of the Device.................................................................................................................216
7.3.3 Disable the Backup Policy of the Device................................................................................................................217
7.4 Restoring the Database by NMS................................................................................................................................218
7.5 Recovering Databases from a USB Flash Drive........................................................................................................221
8 Common Maintenance Operations........................................................................................224
8.1 Microwave Link Troubleshooting..............................................................................................................................226
8.1.1 Monitoring Radio Link Indicators...........................................................................................................................226
8.1.2 Scanning Interfering Signals...................................................................................................................................227
8.1.3 Muting/Unmuting an ODU......................................................................................................................................228
8.1.4 Performing a PRBS Test for the IF Board...............................................................................................................229
8.2 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting..............................................................................................................................232
8.2.1 Querying the Attributes of an Ethernet Port............................................................................................................232
8.2.2 Searching for Service Paths Based on VLANs.......................................................................................................233
8.2.3 Searching for Service Paths Based on MAC Addresses..........................................................................................235
8.2.4 Checking the Layer 2 Protocols Used by Ethernet Services...................................................................................236
8.2.5 Performing Intelligent Service Fault Diagnosis for Ethernet Services....................................................................237
8.2.6 Performing E-LAN Service Loopback Detection....................................................................................................239
8.2.7 Monitoring Ethernet Service Performance and Traffic Volume Based on Service Paths.......................................240
8.2.8 Querying Ethernet Service QoS Configurations Based on Service Paths...............................................................242
8.2.9 Monitoring Ethernet Packets Through Port Mirroring............................................................................................244
8.2.10 Using the Ethernet Test Frames.............................................................................................................................246
8.2.11 Checking L3VPN Service Performance Using NQA............................................................................................248
8.3 TDM/CES Service Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................255
8.3.1 Setting the On/Off State of the Laser......................................................................................................................255
8.3.2 Setting the ALS Function........................................................................................................................................256
8.3.3 Performing a PRBS Test for the Smart E1 Processing Board.................................................................................257
8.3.4 Performing a PRBS Test for the Tributary Board...................................................................................................260
8.3.5 Querying the Impedance of an E1 Channel.............................................................................................................263
8.4 Software Loopback.....................................................................................................................................................264
8.4.1 Setting Loopback for the SDH Optical Interface Board..........................................................................................264
8.4.2 Setting Loopback for the Channelized STM-1 Processing Board...........................................................................266
8.4.3 Setting Loopback for the Tributary Board..............................................................................................................268
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8.4.4 Setting a Loopback for the Smart E1 Processing Board.........................................................................................269
8.4.5 Setting a Loopback for the Packet-plane Ethernet Interface Board........................................................................271
8.4.6 Setting Loopbacks for the EOS/EoPDH-Plane Ethernet Interface Board...............................................................273
8.4.7 Setting Loopback for the IF Board..........................................................................................................................275
8.4.8 Setting Software Loopback for the NE....................................................................................................................278
8.4.9 Setting Software Loopback for the Microwave Link..............................................................................................280
8.4.10 Locating a Fault by Performing Loopback Operations.........................................................................................280
8.5 Hardware Loopback...................................................................................................................................................282
8.6 Reset...........................................................................................................................................................................282
8.6.1 Cold Reset................................................................................................................................................................282
8.6.2 Warm Reset.............................................................................................................................................................283
8.7 Setting the Automatic Release Function....................................................................................................................284
8.8 Querying Power Consumption of Boards...................................................................................................................284
8.9 Switching the System Control Unit and the Cross-Connect Unit..............................................................................285
8.10 Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters.................................................................................................................286
8.10.1 Cleaning Fiber Connectors by Using Cartridge Cleaners.....................................................................................286
8.10.2 Cleaning Fiber Connectors by Using Lens Tissue................................................................................................288
8.10.3 Cleaning Fiber Adapters by Using Optical Cleaning Sticks.................................................................................289
A Alarm Reference.......................................................................................................................291
A.1 Alarm List (in Alphabetical Order)...........................................................................................................................292
A.2 Alarm List (Classified by Logical Boards)................................................................................................................309
A.2.1 AUX........................................................................................................................................................................310
A.2.2 CQ1.........................................................................................................................................................................311
A.2.3 CSH.........................................................................................................................................................................312
A.2.4 CSHU/CSHUA.......................................................................................................................................................314
A.2.5 CST.........................................................................................................................................................................316
A.2.6 EFP8.......................................................................................................................................................................317
A.2.7 EG4.........................................................................................................................................................................317
A.2.8 EG4P.......................................................................................................................................................................318
A.2.9 EM6T......................................................................................................................................................................318
A.2.10 EM6TA.................................................................................................................................................................319
A.2.11 EM6F....................................................................................................................................................................319
A.2.12 EM6FA.................................................................................................................................................................320
A.2.13 EMS6....................................................................................................................................................................320
A.2.14 FAN......................................................................................................................................................................321
A.2.15 IF1.........................................................................................................................................................................321
A.2.16 IFU2......................................................................................................................................................................322
A.2.17 IFX2......................................................................................................................................................................322
A.2.18 ISU2......................................................................................................................................................................323
A.2.19 ISV3......................................................................................................................................................................324
A.2.20 ISX2......................................................................................................................................................................325
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A.2.21 ML1/MD1.............................................................................................................................................................326
A.2.22 ODU......................................................................................................................................................................326
A.2.23 PIU........................................................................................................................................................................326
A.2.24 PMU......................................................................................................................................................................327
A.2.25 SL1D/SL1DA.......................................................................................................................................................327
A.2.26 SP3S/SP3D...........................................................................................................................................................327
A.2.27 TCU......................................................................................................................................................................328
A.3 Alarms and Handling Procedures..............................................................................................................................328
A.3.1 A_LOC...................................................................................................................................................................328
A.3.2 ACR_LOCK_FAIL................................................................................................................................................329
A.3.3 ALM_E1RAI..........................................................................................................................................................330
A.3.4 ALM_GFP_dCSF...................................................................................................................................................331
A.3.5 ALM_GFP_dLFD...................................................................................................................................................332
A.3.6 ALM_IMA_LIF......................................................................................................................................................333
A.3.7 ALM_IMA_LODS.................................................................................................................................................335
A.3.8 ALM_IMA_RE_RX_UNUSABLE........................................................................................................................336
A.3.9 ALM_IMA_RE_TX_UNUSABLE........................................................................................................................337
A.3.10 ALM_IMA_RFI...................................................................................................................................................339
A.3.11 AM_DOWNSHIFT..............................................................................................................................................340
A.3.12 APS_FAIL............................................................................................................................................................341
A.3.13 APS_INDI.............................................................................................................................................................343
A.3.14 APS_MANUAL_STOP........................................................................................................................................344
A.3.15 ATMPW_UNKNOWNCELL_EXC....................................................................................................................345
A.3.16 AU_AIS................................................................................................................................................................346
A.3.17 AU_LOP...............................................................................................................................................................347
A.3.18 B1_EXC................................................................................................................................................................348
A.3.19 B1_SD...................................................................................................................................................................350
A.3.20 B2_EXC................................................................................................................................................................352
A.3.21 B2_SD...................................................................................................................................................................355
A.3.22 B3_EXC................................................................................................................................................................357
A.3.23 B3_EXC_VC3......................................................................................................................................................359
A.3.24 B3_SD...................................................................................................................................................................361
A.3.25 B3_SD_VC3.........................................................................................................................................................363
A.3.26 BAT1TEMP_SENSOR_FAIL.............................................................................................................................366
A.3.27 BAT2TEMP_SENSOR_FAIL.............................................................................................................................367
A.3.28 BD_NOT_INSTALLED.......................................................................................................................................368
A.3.29 BD_STATUS........................................................................................................................................................369
A.3.30 BDTEMP_SENSOR_FAIL..................................................................................................................................371
A.3.31 BGPBACKTRANSITION...................................................................................................................................372
A.3.32 BIOS_STATUS....................................................................................................................................................374
A.3.33 BIP_EXC..............................................................................................................................................................374
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A.3.34 BIP_SD.................................................................................................................................................................376
A.3.35 BOOTROM_BAD................................................................................................................................................378
A.3.36 BUS_ERR.............................................................................................................................................................379
A.3.37 CES_ACR_LOCK_ABN.....................................................................................................................................381
A.3.38 CES_APS_INDI...................................................................................................................................................383
A.3.39 CES_APS_MANUAL_STOP..............................................................................................................................385
A.3.40 CES_JTROVR_EXC............................................................................................................................................386
A.3.41 CES_JTRUDR_EXC............................................................................................................................................387
A.3.42 CES_K1_K2_M....................................................................................................................................................388
A.3.43 CES_K2_M...........................................................................................................................................................389
A.3.44 CES_LOSPKT_EXC............................................................................................................................................391
A.3.45 CES_MALPKT_EXC...........................................................................................................................................392
A.3.46 CES_MISORDERPKT_EXC...............................................................................................................................393
A.3.47 CES_RDI..............................................................................................................................................................394
A.3.48 CES_STRAYPKT_EXC......................................................................................................................................395
A.3.49 CESPW_OPPOSITE_ACFAULT........................................................................................................................395
A.3.50 CESPW_OPPOSITE_RAI...................................................................................................................................396
A.3.51 CFCARD_FAILED..............................................................................................................................................397
A.3.52 CFCARD_OFFLINE............................................................................................................................................398
A.3.53 CHCS....................................................................................................................................................................400
A.3.54 CLK_LOCK_FAIL...............................................................................................................................................401
A.3.55 CLK_NO_TRACE_MODE..................................................................................................................................402
A.3.56 COMMUN_FAIL.................................................................................................................................................404
A.3.57 COM_EXTECC_FULL........................................................................................................................................406
A.3.58 CONFIG_NOSUPPORT......................................................................................................................................406
A.3.59 DBMS_DELETE..................................................................................................................................................409
A.3.60 DBMS_ERROR....................................................................................................................................................409
A.3.61 DBMS_PROTECT_MODE.................................................................................................................................410
A.3.62 DCNSIZE_OVER.................................................................................................................................................411
A.3.63 DDN_LFA............................................................................................................................................................412
A.3.64 DOWN_E1_AIS...................................................................................................................................................413
A.3.65 DROPRATIO_OVER...........................................................................................................................................414
A.3.66 E1_LOC................................................................................................................................................................415
A.3.67 E1_LOS................................................................................................................................................................417
A.3.68 ELAN_SMAC_FLAPPING.................................................................................................................................418
A.3.69 ENVHUM_SENSOR_FAIL.................................................................................................................................419
A.3.70 ENVTEMP_SENSOR_FAIL...............................................................................................................................420
A.3.71 ENVTEMP1_SENSOR_FAIL.............................................................................................................................421
A.3.72 ENVTEMP2_SENSOR_FAIL.............................................................................................................................423
A.3.73 ERPS_IN_PROTECTION....................................................................................................................................424
A.3.74 ETH_APS_LOST.................................................................................................................................................425
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A.3.75 ETH_APS_PATH_MISMATCH.........................................................................................................................426
A.3.76 ETH_APS_SWITCH_FAIL.................................................................................................................................427
A.3.77 ETH_APS_TYPE_MISMATCH..........................................................................................................................428
A.3.78 ETH_AUTO_LINK_DOWN...............................................................................................................................429
A.3.79 ETH_CFM_AIS....................................................................................................................................................430
A.3.80 ETH_CFM_LOC..................................................................................................................................................432
A.3.81 ETH_CFM_MISMERGE.....................................................................................................................................434
A.3.82 ETH_CFM_RDI...................................................................................................................................................437
A.3.83 ETH_CFM_UNEXPERI......................................................................................................................................439
A.3.84 ETH_EFM_DF.....................................................................................................................................................442
A.3.85 ETH_EFM_EVENT.............................................................................................................................................443
A.3.86 ETH_EFM_LOOPBACK.....................................................................................................................................445
A.3.87 ETH_EFM_REMFAULT.....................................................................................................................................446
A.3.88 ETH_LOS.............................................................................................................................................................447
A.3.89 ETH_NO_FLOW.................................................................................................................................................449
A.3.90 ETH_PWR_SUPPLY_FAIL................................................................................................................................450
A.3.91 ETHOAM_DISCOVER_FAIL............................................................................................................................451
A.3.92 ETHOAM_RMT_CRIT_FAULT.........................................................................................................................452
A.3.93 ETHOAM_RMT_LOOP......................................................................................................................................454
A.3.94 ETHOAM_RMT_SD...........................................................................................................................................455
A.3.95 ETHOAM_SELF_LOOP.....................................................................................................................................457
A.3.96 ETHOAM_VCG_SELF_LOOP...........................................................................................................................459
A.3.97 EX_ETHOAM_CC_LOS.....................................................................................................................................460
A.3.98 EX_ETHOAM_MPID_CNFLCT.........................................................................................................................462
A.3.99 EXT_SYNC_LOS................................................................................................................................................463
A.3.100 EXT_TIME_LOC...............................................................................................................................................464
A.3.101 FAN_AGING.....................................................................................................................................................465
A.3.102 FAN_FAIL.........................................................................................................................................................466
A.3.103 FCS_ERR...........................................................................................................................................................467
A.3.104 FDBSIZEALM_ELAN.......................................................................................................................................469
A.3.105 FLOW_OVER....................................................................................................................................................470
A.3.106 GSP_RSVP_NB_AUTH_ERR...........................................................................................................................471
A.3.107 GSP_RSVP_NB_DOWN...................................................................................................................................472
A.3.108 GSP_TNNL_DOWN..........................................................................................................................................473
A.3.109 HARD_BAD.......................................................................................................................................................475
A.3.110 HARD_NONSUPPORT.....................................................................................................................................477
A.3.111 HP_CROSSTR...................................................................................................................................................478
A.3.112 HP_LOM............................................................................................................................................................479
A.3.113 HP_RDI..............................................................................................................................................................480
A.3.114 HP_REI...............................................................................................................................................................481
A.3.115 HP_SLM.............................................................................................................................................................482
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A.3.116 HP_TIM..............................................................................................................................................................483
A.3.117 HP_UNEQ..........................................................................................................................................................484
A.3.118 HPAD_CROSSTR..............................................................................................................................................485
A.3.119 IF_CABLE_OPEN.............................................................................................................................................486
A.3.120 IF_INPWR_ABN...............................................................................................................................................488
A.3.121 IF_MODE_UNSUPPORTED............................................................................................................................489
A.3.122 IMA_GROUP_LE_DOWN................................................................................................................................490
A.3.123 IMA_GROUP_RE_DOWN...............................................................................................................................491
A.3.124 IMA_TXCLK_MISMATCH..............................................................................................................................492
A.3.125 IN_PWR_ABN...................................................................................................................................................493
A.3.126 IN_PWR_HIGH.................................................................................................................................................495
A.3.127 IN_PWR_LOW..................................................................................................................................................496
A.3.128 INTEMP_SENSOR_FAIL.................................................................................................................................498
A.3.129 IPFPM_INST_TLP_ERR...................................................................................................................................499
A.3.130 ISISADJACENCYCHANGE.............................................................................................................................500
A.3.131 J0_MM................................................................................................................................................................501
A.3.132 K1_K2_M...........................................................................................................................................................502
A.3.133 K2_M..................................................................................................................................................................504
A.3.134 L3V_TRAP_THRE_EXCEED...........................................................................................................................506
A.3.135 L3V_TRAP_VRF_DOWN.................................................................................................................................507
A.3.136 LAG_BWMM.....................................................................................................................................................508
A.3.137 LAG_DOWN......................................................................................................................................................509
A.3.138 LAG_MEMBER_DOWN..................................................................................................................................510
A.3.139 LAG_PORT_FAIL.............................................................................................................................................512
A.3.140 LAG_VC_PORT_FAIL.....................................................................................................................................514
A.3.141 LAN_LOC..........................................................................................................................................................515
A.3.142 LASER_CLOSED..............................................................................................................................................517
A.3.143 LASER_MOD_ERR...........................................................................................................................................517
A.3.144 LASER_MOD_ERR_EX...................................................................................................................................519
A.3.145 LASER_SHUT...................................................................................................................................................520
A.3.146 LCAS_FOPR......................................................................................................................................................521
A.3.147 LCAS_FOPT......................................................................................................................................................522
A.3.148 LCAS_PLCR......................................................................................................................................................524
A.3.149 LCAS_PLCT......................................................................................................................................................526
A.3.150 LCAS_TLCR......................................................................................................................................................527
A.3.151 LCAS_TLCT......................................................................................................................................................528
A.3.152 LCD....................................................................................................................................................................530
A.3.153 LCS_LIMITED...................................................................................................................................................531
A.3.154 LDP_PEER_DOWN...........................................................................................................................................534
A.3.155 LFA.....................................................................................................................................................................535
A.3.156 LICENSE_LOST................................................................................................................................................537
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A.3.157 LINK_ERR.........................................................................................................................................................538
A.3.158 LMFA.................................................................................................................................................................539
A.3.159 LOOP_ALM.......................................................................................................................................................541
A.3.160 LP_CROSSTR....................................................................................................................................................544
A.3.161 LP_R_FIFO........................................................................................................................................................545
A.3.162 LP_RDI...............................................................................................................................................................546
A.3.163 LP_RDI_VC12...................................................................................................................................................547
A.3.164 LP_RDI_VC3.....................................................................................................................................................548
A.3.165 LP_REI...............................................................................................................................................................549
A.3.166 LP_REI_VC12....................................................................................................................................................550
A.3.167 LP_REI_VC3......................................................................................................................................................551
A.3.168 LP_RFI...............................................................................................................................................................552
A.3.169 LP_SLM.............................................................................................................................................................553
A.3.170 LP_SLM_VC12..................................................................................................................................................553
A.3.171 LP_SLM_VC3....................................................................................................................................................554
A.3.172 LP_T_FIFO.........................................................................................................................................................555
A.3.173 LP_TIM..............................................................................................................................................................556
A.3.174 LP_TIM_VC12...................................................................................................................................................557
A.3.175 LP_TIM_VC3.....................................................................................................................................................558
A.3.176 LP_UNEQ...........................................................................................................................................................560
A.3.177 LP_UNEQ_VC12...............................................................................................................................................561
A.3.178 LP_UNEQ_VC3.................................................................................................................................................562
A.3.179 LPS_UNI_BI_M.................................................................................................................................................563
A.3.180 LPT_CFG_CLOSEPORT...................................................................................................................................564
A.3.181 LPT_INEFFECT.................................................................................................................................................565
A.3.182 LPT_RFI.............................................................................................................................................................567
A.3.183 LSR_BCM_ALM...............................................................................................................................................568
A.3.184 LSR_NO_FITED................................................................................................................................................569
A.3.185 LSR_WILL_DIE................................................................................................................................................570
A.3.186 LTI......................................................................................................................................................................571
A.3.187 MAC_EXT_EXC...............................................................................................................................................573
A.3.188 MAC_FCS_EXC................................................................................................................................................574
A.3.189 MAC_FCS_SD...................................................................................................................................................575
A.3.190 MOD_COM_FAIL.............................................................................................................................................576
A.3.191 MOD_TYPE_MISMATCH...............................................................................................................................577
A.3.192 MP_DELAY.......................................................................................................................................................579
A.3.193 MP_DOWN........................................................................................................................................................580
A.3.194 MPLS_PW_AIS.................................................................................................................................................582
A.3.195 MPLS_PW_CSF.................................................................................................................................................583
A.3.196 MPLS_PW_BDI.................................................................................................................................................584
A.3.197 MPLS_PW_Excess.............................................................................................................................................584
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A.3.198 MPLS_PW_LCK................................................................................................................................................585
A.3.199 MPLS_PW_LOCK.............................................................................................................................................586
A.3.200 MPLS_PW_LOCV.............................................................................................................................................587
A.3.201 MPLS_PW_MISMATCH..................................................................................................................................589
A.3.202 MPLS_PW_MISMERGE...................................................................................................................................590
A.3.203 MPLS_PW_OAMFAIL......................................................................................................................................591
A.3.204 MPLS_PW_RDI.................................................................................................................................................592
A.3.205 MPLS_PW_SD...................................................................................................................................................593
A.3.206 MPLS_PW_SF...................................................................................................................................................594
A.3.207 MPLS_PW_UNEXPMEG..................................................................................................................................595
A.3.208 MPLS_PW_UNEXPMEP..................................................................................................................................596
A.3.209 MPLS_PW_UNEXPPER...................................................................................................................................596
A.3.210 MPLS_PW_UNKNOWN...................................................................................................................................597
A.3.211 MPLS_TUNNEL_AIS.......................................................................................................................................598
A.3.212 MPLS_TUNNEL_BDI.......................................................................................................................................599
A.3.213 MPLS_TUNNEL_Excess...................................................................................................................................600
A.3.214 MPLS_TUNNEL_FDI.......................................................................................................................................600
A.3.215 MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCV...................................................................................................................................601
A.3.216 MPLS_TUNNEL_LOCK...................................................................................................................................603
A.3.217 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMATCH........................................................................................................................604
A.3.218 MPLS_TUNNEL_MISMERGE.........................................................................................................................605
A.3.219 MPLS_TUNNEL_OAMFAIL............................................................................................................................606
A.3.220 MPLS_TUNNEL_RDI.......................................................................................................................................607
A.3.221 MPLS_TUNNEL_SD.........................................................................................................................................607
A.3.222 MPLS_TUNNEL_SF.........................................................................................................................................608
A.3.223 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNEXPMEG........................................................................................................................609
A.3.224 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNEXPMEP........................................................................................................................610
A.3.225 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNEXPPER.........................................................................................................................611
A.3.226 MPLS_TUNNEL_UNKNOWN.........................................................................................................................612
A.3.227 MS_AIS..............................................................................................................................................................613
A.3.228 MS_CROSSTR...................................................................................................................................................614
A.3.229 MS_RDI..............................................................................................................................................................616
A.3.230 MS_REI..............................................................................................................................................................617
A.3.231 MSAD_CROSSTR.............................................................................................................................................617
A.3.232 MULTI_RPL_OWNER......................................................................................................................................619
A.3.233 MW_AM_TEST.................................................................................................................................................620
A.3.234 MW_BER_EXC.................................................................................................................................................620
A.3.235 MW_BER_SD....................................................................................................................................................624
A.3.236 MW_CFG_MISMATCH....................................................................................................................................628
A.3.237 MW_CONT_WAVE..........................................................................................................................................629
A.3.238 MW_E1_LOST...................................................................................................................................................630
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A.3.239 MW_FEC_UNCOR............................................................................................................................................631
A.3.240 MW_LIM............................................................................................................................................................634
A.3.241 MW_LOF...........................................................................................................................................................636
A.3.242 MW_RDI............................................................................................................................................................641
A.3.243 NEIP_CONFUSION...........................................................................................................................................642
A.3.244 NESF_LOST.......................................................................................................................................................642
A.3.245 NESOFT_MM....................................................................................................................................................644
A.3.246 NO_BD_SOFT...................................................................................................................................................645
A.3.247 NP1_MANUAL_STOP......................................................................................................................................646
A.3.248 NP1_SW_FAIL..................................................................................................................................................647
A.3.249 NP1_SW_INDI...................................................................................................................................................648
A.3.250 NTP_SYNC_FAIL.............................................................................................................................................649
A.3.251 OCD....................................................................................................................................................................650
A.3.252 ODC_BATTERY_CURRENT_ABN................................................................................................................651
A.3.253 ODC_BATTERY_PWRDOWN........................................................................................................................653
A.3.254 ODC_DOOR_OPEN..........................................................................................................................................655
A.3.255 ODC_FAN_FAILED..........................................................................................................................................657
A.3.256 ODC_HUMI_ABN.............................................................................................................................................658
A.3.257 ODC_LOAD_PWRDOWN................................................................................................................................659
A.3.258 ODC_MDL_ABN...............................................................................................................................................662
A.3.259 ODC_POWER_FAIL.........................................................................................................................................664
A.3.260 ODC_SMOKE_OVER.......................................................................................................................................666
A.3.261 ODC_SURGE_PROTECTION_FAIL...............................................................................................................667
A.3.262 ODC_TEC_ALM...............................................................................................................................................669
A.3.263 ODC_TEMP_ABN.............................................................................................................................................670
A.3.264 ODC_WATER_ALM.........................................................................................................................................672
A.3.265 OSPFNBRSTATECHANGE.............................................................................................................................673
A.3.266 OUT_PWR_ABN...............................................................................................................................................675
A.3.267 OUT1TEMP_SENSOR_FAIL...........................................................................................................................676
A.3.268 OUT2TEMP_SENSOR_FAIL...........................................................................................................................678
A.3.269 PASSWORD_NEED_CHANGE.......................................................................................................................679
A.3.270 PATCH_BD_EXCLUDE...................................................................................................................................680
A.3.271 PATCH_BD_MATCH_FAIL............................................................................................................................680
A.3.272 PATCH_CHGSCC_NOTMATCH.....................................................................................................................681
A.3.273 PATCH_PKGERR.............................................................................................................................................682
A.3.274 PG_LINK_FAIL.................................................................................................................................................682
A.3.275 PG_PRT_DEGRADED......................................................................................................................................683
A.3.276 PLA_CFG_MISMATCH...................................................................................................................................684
A.3.277 PLA_DOWN......................................................................................................................................................686
A.3.278 PLA_MEMBER_DOWN...................................................................................................................................687
A.3.279 PORTMODE_MISMATCH...............................................................................................................................688
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A.3.280 PORT_EXC_TRAFFIC......................................................................................................................................689
A.3.281 PORT_MODULE_OFFLINE.............................................................................................................................690
A.3.282 POWER_ABNORMAL.....................................................................................................................................691
A.3.283 POWER_ALM...................................................................................................................................................693
A.3.284 PPP_LCP_FAIL.................................................................................................................................................694
A.3.285 PPP_NCP_FAIL.................................................................................................................................................695
A.3.286 PTP_SOURCE_SWITCH..................................................................................................................................696
A.3.287 PTP_TIMESTAMP_ABN..................................................................................................................................697
A.3.288 PW_DOWN........................................................................................................................................................699
A.3.289 PW_DROPPKT_EXC........................................................................................................................................700
A.3.290 PW_NO_TRAFFIC............................................................................................................................................701
A.3.291 PWAPS_LOST...................................................................................................................................................702
A.3.292 PWAPS_PATH_MISMATCH...........................................................................................................................703
A.3.293 PWAPS_SWITCH_FAIL...................................................................................................................................704
A.3.294 PWAPS_TYPE_MISMATCH...........................................................................................................................705
A.3.295 PW_APS_DEGRADED.....................................................................................................................................706
A.3.296 PW_APS_OUTAGE...........................................................................................................................................707
A.3.297 R_LOC................................................................................................................................................................708
A.3.298 R_LOF................................................................................................................................................................709
A.3.299 R_LOS................................................................................................................................................................711
A.3.300 R_OOF................................................................................................................................................................712
A.3.301 RADIO_FADING_MARGIN_INSUFF.............................................................................................................714
A.3.302 RADIO_MUTE..................................................................................................................................................716
A.3.303 RADIO_RSL_BEYONDTH..............................................................................................................................717
A.3.304 RADIO_RSL_HIGH..........................................................................................................................................718
A.3.305 RADIO_RSL_LOW...........................................................................................................................................719
A.3.306 RADIO_TSL_HIGH...........................................................................................................................................720
A.3.307 RADIO_TSL_LOW...........................................................................................................................................721
A.3.308 RELAY_ALARM_CRITICAL..........................................................................................................................722
A.3.309 RELAY_ALARM_IGNORE.............................................................................................................................723
A.3.310 RELAY_ALARM_MAJOR...............................................................................................................................724
A.3.311 RELAY_ALARM_MINOR...............................................................................................................................724
A.3.312 RMFA.................................................................................................................................................................725
A.3.313 RPS_INDI...........................................................................................................................................................726
A.3.314 RS_CROSSTR....................................................................................................................................................728
A.3.315 RTC_FAIL..........................................................................................................................................................730
A.3.316 RT_TBL_LACK.................................................................................................................................................731
A.3.317 S1_SYN_CHANGE...........................................................................................................................................732
A.3.318 SCCDATA_BACKUP_FAIL(SYNC_FAIL)....................................................................................................733
A.3.319 SEC_RADIUS_FAIL.........................................................................................................................................734
A.3.320 SECU_ALM.......................................................................................................................................................736
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A.3.321 SRV_SHUTDOWN_LD....................................................................................................................................737
A.3.322 SSL_CERT_NOENC.........................................................................................................................................737
A.3.323 SUBNET_RT_CONFLICT................................................................................................................................738
A.3.324 SWDL_ACTIVATED_TIMEOUT....................................................................................................................740
A.3.325 SWDL_AUTOMATCH_INH............................................................................................................................741
A.3.326 SWDL_CHGMNG_NOMATCH.......................................................................................................................742
A.3.327 SWDL_COMMIT_FAIL....................................................................................................................................743
A.3.328 SWDL_INPROCESS.........................................................................................................................................743
A.3.329 SWDL_NEPKGCHECK....................................................................................................................................744
A.3.330 SWDL_PKG_NOBDSOFT................................................................................................................................745
A.3.331 SWDL_PKGVER_MM......................................................................................................................................746
A.3.332 SWDL_ROLLBACK_FAIL...............................................................................................................................746
A.3.333 SYN_BAD..........................................................................................................................................................747
A.3.334 SYNC_C_LOS...................................................................................................................................................748
A.3.335 SYSLOG_COMM_FAIL...................................................................................................................................749
A.3.336 T_ALOS.............................................................................................................................................................750
A.3.337 T_LOC................................................................................................................................................................751
A.3.338 TEM_HA............................................................................................................................................................752
A.3.339 TEM_LA.............................................................................................................................................................753
A.3.340 TEMP_ALARM.................................................................................................................................................754
A.3.341 TEMP_OVER.....................................................................................................................................................755
A.3.342 TF........................................................................................................................................................................757
A.3.343 THUNDERALM................................................................................................................................................757
A.3.344 TIME_LOCK_FAIL...........................................................................................................................................758
A.3.345 TIME_NO_TRACE_MODE..............................................................................................................................759
A.3.346 TR_LOC.............................................................................................................................................................761
A.3.347 TU_AIS...............................................................................................................................................................762
A.3.348 TU_AIS_VC12...................................................................................................................................................764
A.3.349 TU_AIS_VC3.....................................................................................................................................................766
A.3.350 TU_LOP.............................................................................................................................................................768
A.3.351 TU_LOP_VC12..................................................................................................................................................768
A.3.352 TU_LOP_VC3....................................................................................................................................................770
A.3.353 TUNNEL_APS_DEGRADED...........................................................................................................................772
A.3.354 TUNNEL_APS_OUTAGE.................................................................................................................................773
A.3.355 UHCS..................................................................................................................................................................774
A.3.356 UP_E1_AIS........................................................................................................................................................775
A.3.357 USB_PROCESS_FAIL......................................................................................................................................776
A.3.358 V5_VCAIS.........................................................................................................................................................777
A.3.359 VC_AIS..............................................................................................................................................................778
A.3.360 VC_LOC.............................................................................................................................................................780
A.3.361 VC_RDI..............................................................................................................................................................782
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A.3.362 VCAT_LOA.......................................................................................................................................................784
A.3.363 VCAT_LOM_VC12...........................................................................................................................................785
A.3.364 VCAT_LOM_VC3.............................................................................................................................................786
A.3.365 VCAT_SQM_VC12...........................................................................................................................................788
A.3.366 VCAT_SQM_VC3.............................................................................................................................................789
A.3.367 VERSION_NOTSUPPORT...............................................................................................................................791
A.3.368 VOLT_LOS........................................................................................................................................................793
A.3.369 VP_AIS...............................................................................................................................................................794
A.3.370 VP_LOC.............................................................................................................................................................796
A.3.371 VP_RDI..............................................................................................................................................................798
A.3.372 W_R_FAIL.........................................................................................................................................................800
A.3.373 WRG_BD_TYPE...............................................................................................................................................801
A.3.374 XPIC_LOS..........................................................................................................................................................801
B Performance Event Reference.................................................................................................804
B.1 Performance Events (by Event Type)........................................................................................................................805
B.1.1 SDH/PDH Performance Event List........................................................................................................................805
B.1.2 Radio Performance Events......................................................................................................................................809
B.1.3 MPLS Tunnel/PW Performance Events.................................................................................................................812
B.1.4 Other Performance Events......................................................................................................................................813
B.2 Performance Events (by Logical Board)....................................................................................................................814
B.2.1 CQ1.........................................................................................................................................................................816
B.2.2 CST/CSH/CSHU/CSHUA......................................................................................................................................819
B.2.3 EG4/EG4P...............................................................................................................................................................822
B.2.4 EM6T......................................................................................................................................................................822
B.2.5 EM6TA...................................................................................................................................................................822
B.2.6 EM6F......................................................................................................................................................................823
B.2.7 EM6FA...................................................................................................................................................................823
B.2.8 EFP8........................................................................................................................................................................824
B.2.9 EMS6......................................................................................................................................................................825
B.2.10 IF1.........................................................................................................................................................................827
B.2.11 IFU2/ISU2.............................................................................................................................................................830
B.2.12 IFX2/ISX2.............................................................................................................................................................834
B.2.13 ISV3......................................................................................................................................................................838
B.2.14 ML1/MD1.............................................................................................................................................................842
B.2.15 ODU......................................................................................................................................................................843
B.2.16 SL1D/SL1DA.......................................................................................................................................................844
B.2.17 SP3S/SP3D...........................................................................................................................................................846
B.3 Performance Events and Handling Procedures..........................................................................................................848
B.3.1 ATPC_P_ADJUST and ATPC_N_ADJUST.........................................................................................................848
B.3.2 AMDOWNCNT and AMUPCNT..........................................................................................................................848
B.3.3 AUPJCHIGH, AUPJCLOW, and AUPJCNEW.....................................................................................................849
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B.3.4 BDTEMPMAX, BDTEMPMIN, and BDTEMPCUR............................................................................................850
B.3.5 CURPOSITIVEPDV and CURNEGATIVEPDV..................................................................................................851
B.3.6 E1_LCV_SDH, E1_LLOSS_SDH, E1_LES_SDH, and E1_LSES_SDH.............................................................851
B.3.7 E1_BBE, E1_ES, E1_SES, E1_CSES, and E1_UAS.............................................................................................853
B.3.8 FEC_BEF_COR_ER, FEC_COR_BYTE_CNT and FEC_UNCOR_BLOCK_CNT............................................854
B.3.9 HPBBE, HPES, HPSES, HPCSES, and HPUAS...................................................................................................855
B.3.10 HPFEBBE, HPFEES, HPFESES, HPFECSES, and HPFEUAS..........................................................................856
B.3.11 IF_BBE, IF_ES, IF_SES, IF_CSES, and IF_UAS...............................................................................................857
B.3.12 IF_SNR_MAX, IF_SNR_MIN, and IF_SNR_AVG............................................................................................859
B.3.13 LPBBE, LPES, LPSES, LPCSES, and LPUAS....................................................................................................859
B.3.14 LPFEBBE, LPFEES, LPFESES, LPFECSES, and LPFEUAS............................................................................861
B.3.15 MAXFREQDEV, MINFREQDEV, and AVGFREQDEV...................................................................................862
B.3.16 MAXMEANPATHDELAY, MINMEANPATHDELAY, and AVGMEANPATHDELAY...............................862
B.3.17 MAXPHASEOFFSET, MINPHASEOFFSET, and AVGPHASEOFFSET.........................................................863
B.3.18 MAXPOSITIVEDELAY, MINPOSITIVEDELAY, and AVGPOSITIVEDELAY............................................864
B.3.19 MPLS_PW_LS, MPLS_PW_SLS, MPLS_PW_CSLS, and MPLS_PW_UAS...................................................864
B.3.20 MSBBE, MSES, MSSES, MSCSES, and MSUAS..............................................................................................865
B.3.21 MSFEBBE, MSFEES, MSFESES, MSFECSES, and MSFEUAS.......................................................................866
B.3.22 OSPITMPMAX, OSPITMPMIN, and OSPITMPCUR........................................................................................867
B.3.23 PG_IF_BBE, PG_IF_ES, PG_IF_SES, PG_IF_CSES, and PG_IF_UAS............................................................868
B.3.24 RPLMAX, RPLMIN, and RPLCUR....................................................................................................................870
B.3.25 RSBBE, RSES, RSSES, RSCSES, and RSUAS..................................................................................................870
B.3.26 RSL_MAX, RSL_MIN, RSL_CUR, and RSL_AVG..........................................................................................872
B.3.27 RSOOF and RSOFS..............................................................................................................................................872
B.3.28 QPSKWS, QPSK_S_WS, QAMWS16, QAM_S_WS16, QAMWS32, QAMWS64, QAMWS128, QAMWS256,
QAMWS512, QAM_L_WS512, QAMWS1024, and QAM_L_WS1024.......................................................................873
B.3.29 TLBMAX, TLBMIN, and TLBCUR....................................................................................................................874
B.3.30 RLHTT, RLLTT, TLHTT, TLLTT......................................................................................................................875
B.3.31 TPLMAX, TPLMIN, and TPLCUR.....................................................................................................................876
B.3.32 TSL_MAX, TSL_MIN, TSL_CUR, and TSL_AVG...........................................................................................876
B.3.33 TUPJCHIGH, TUPJCLOW, and TUPJCNEW....................................................................................................877
B.3.34 XPIC_XPD_VALUE............................................................................................................................................878
C RMON Event Reference..........................................................................................................879
C.1 List of RMON Alarm Entries....................................................................................................................................880
C.2 RMON Performance Entries List on the Packet-Plane..............................................................................................883
C.2.1 EM6F/EM6T/EM6FA/EM6TA/EG4/EG4P...........................................................................................................883
C.2.2 IFU2/IFX2...............................................................................................................................................................890
C.2.3 ISU2/ISX2/ISV3.....................................................................................................................................................896
C.2.4 ML1/MD1...............................................................................................................................................................903
C.2.5 CQ1.........................................................................................................................................................................909
C.2.6 CSH.........................................................................................................................................................................911
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C.2.7 CSHU/CSHUA.......................................................................................................................................................918
C.2.8 EFP8/EMS6............................................................................................................................................................935
C.3 RMON Performance Entries List on the EoS/EoPDH-Plane....................................................................................937
C.3.1 EFP8........................................................................................................................................................................937
C.3.2 EMS6......................................................................................................................................................................942
C.4 RMON Events and Handling Procedures..................................................................................................................947
C.4.1 ETHDROP..............................................................................................................................................................947
C.4.2 ETHEXCCOL.........................................................................................................................................................948
C.4.3 ETHLATECOL.......................................................................................................................................................949
C.4.4 RXBBAD................................................................................................................................................................950
C.4.5 TXDEFFRM...........................................................................................................................................................951
C.4.6 ETHUNDER...........................................................................................................................................................952
C.4.7 ETHOVER..............................................................................................................................................................952
C.4.8 ETHFRG.................................................................................................................................................................953
C.4.9 ETHJAB..................................................................................................................................................................954
C.4.10 ETHCOL...............................................................................................................................................................955
C.4.11 ETHFCS................................................................................................................................................................956
C.4.12 ATMPW_LOSPKTS............................................................................................................................................957
C.4.13 ATMPW_MISORDERPKTS...............................................................................................................................957
C.4.14 ATMPW_UNKNOWNCELLS............................................................................................................................958
C.4.15 ATM_CORRECTED_HCSERR..........................................................................................................................959
C.4.16 ATM_UNCORRECTED_HCSERR.....................................................................................................................959
C.4.17 CES_MISORDERPKTS.......................................................................................................................................960
C.4.18 CES_STRAYPKTS..............................................................................................................................................961
C.4.19 CES_MALPKTS...................................................................................................................................................961
C.4.20 CES_JTRUDR......................................................................................................................................................962
C.4.21 CES_JTROVR......................................................................................................................................................963
C.4.22 CES_LOSPKTS....................................................................................................................................................964
D Alarm Management.................................................................................................................965
D.1 NE Alarm Management.............................................................................................................................................966
D.2 Board Alarm Management........................................................................................................................................966
D.2.1 Setting the Alarm Severity......................................................................................................................................966
D.2.2 Alarm Suppression..................................................................................................................................................966
D.2.3 Alarm Auto-Report.................................................................................................................................................967
D.2.4 Alarm Reversion.....................................................................................................................................................967
D.2.5 Setting of the Bit Error Alarm Threshold...............................................................................................................967
D.2.6 AIS Insertion...........................................................................................................................................................968
D.2.7 UNEQ Insertion......................................................................................................................................................969
E Performance Event Management...........................................................................................970
E.1 NE Performance Event Management.........................................................................................................................971
E.2 Board Performance Event Management....................................................................................................................971
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F Alarm Suppression Relationship...........................................................................................972
F.1 Alarm Suppression on TDM Plane............................................................................................................................973
F.2 Alarm Suppression on Data Plane..............................................................................................................................976
G Indicators of Boards.................................................................................................................983
H Glossary....................................................................................................................................1008
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1 Safety Precautions
About This Chapter
This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating, and
maintaining Huawei devices.
1.1 General Safety Precautions
This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols
Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
1.3 Electrical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for high voltage, lightning strikes, high leakage current,
power cables, fuses, and ESD.
1.4 Environment of Flammable Gas
This topic describes safety precautions for the operating environment of a device.
1.5 Storage Batteries
This topic describes safety precautions for operations of storage batteries.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
1.7 Working at Heights
This topic describes safety precautions for working at heights.
1.8 Mechanical Safety
This topic describes safety precautions for drilling holes, handling sharp objects, operating fans,
and carrying heavy objects.
1.9 Other Precautions
This topic describes safety precautions for removing and inserting boards, binding signal cables,
and routing cables.
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1.1 General Safety Precautions
This topic describes essential safety precautions that instruct you in the selection of measuring
and testing instruments when you install, operate, and maintain Huawei devices.
All Safety Precautions
To ensure the safety of humans and a device, follow the marks on the device and all the safety
precautions in this document when installing, operating, and maintaining a device.
The "CAUTION", "WARNING", and "DANGER" marks in this document do not cover all the
safety precautions that must be followed. They are supplements to the safety precautions.
Local Laws and Regulations
When operating a device, always comply with the local laws and regulations. The safety
precautions provided in the documents are in addition/supplementary to the local laws and
regulations.
Basic Installation Requirements
The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei devices must receive strict training and
be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation.
l Only trained and qualified personnel are permitted to install, operate, and maintain a device.
l Only certified professionals are permitted to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot
and maintain the device.
l Only the personnel authenticated or authorized by Huawei are permitted to replace or
change the device or parts of the device (including software).
l The operating personnel must immediately report the faults or errors that may cause safety
problems to the person in charge.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.
l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing
the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.
l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.
l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.
l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,
check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly
grounded.
Human Safety
l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the
cables.
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l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the
fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.
NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.
l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurt
by laser beams.
l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist
strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches,
to prevent electric shock and burn.
l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the
fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building
again in any situation.
Device Safety
l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as
on a wall or in a rack.
l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.
l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.
l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
1.2 Warning and Safety Symbols
Before using the equipment, note the following warning and safety symbols on the equipment.
Table 1-1 lists the warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950 and their meanings.
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 950
Symbol Indication
This symbol is for ESD protection.
A notice with this symbol indicates that you should wear
an ES wrist strap or glove when you touch a board.
Otherwise, you may cause damage to the board.
CLASS 1
LASER
PRODUCT
LASER
RADIATION
DO NOT VIEW DIRECTLY
WITH OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS
CLASS 1M LASER
PRODUCT
This symbol is for the laser class.
A notice with this symbol indicates the class of the laser.
Avoid direct exposure to the laser beams. Otherwise, it may
damage you eyes or skin.
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Symbol Indication
A notice with this symbol indicates where the subrack is
grounded.
ATTENTION
CLEAN PERIODICALLY
A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter should
be cleaned periodically.
Fault rectified
End
Contact Huawei technical
service engineers
SCC boards are
being reset
The NMS cannot
reach the NE
Yes
NM
Information
loss?
No response to
commands from the
NMS
Too low DCN
channel bandwidth
Increase the DCN
channel bandwidth
Wait for the completion
of SCC resetting
5
Locate a
faulty NE
1
6
NO
NO
Yes
Yes
NO
Yes
NO
Yes
Yes
Yes
NO
Hardware
fault?
Settings
incorrectly
modified?
Large DCN
subnet?
2
3
4
Check settings
or undo
modifications
Check for hardware
alarms and check
cable connections
Divide the DCN
subnet
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Table 5-29 Procedure description for troubleshooting DCN faults
Mark Operation Typical Symptom Measures
1 Locate the faulty
NE.
Locate the faulty NE
based on a DCN
networking diagram.
l If all NEs within an
area are unreachable to
their NMS, the
unreachable NE
closest to a normal NE
is probably the faulty
NE.
l If only one NE is
unreachable to its
NMS, the NE is the
faulty NE.
l If the faulty NE has a service fault, rectify the service
fault first.
l If an unreachable NE connects to its NMS through
an external DCN, verify that the external DCN
equipment or the cable used for DCN connection is
working correctly.
2 Handle
hardware faults.
l The faulty NE reports
hardware alarms like
HARD_BAD.
l Check whether the
NMS/COM port on the
faulty NE is connected
to a correct cable or
whether the network
cable of the faulty NE
is damaged.
l Handle hardware alarms based on the maintenance
and fault management procedure.
l Remove and then install, or replace the network
cable and optical fibers.
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Mark Operation Typical Symptom Measures
3 Modify
incorrect
configurations.
The following operations
are performed before a
faulty NE becomes
unreachable to its NMS:
l Modifying NE
attributes or NE
communication
settings
l Adding a new NE to
the network, or
replacing the faulty NE
or its system control
board
l Check for unplanned NE IDs and NE IP addresses
in the ECC routing table of the faulty NE's upstream
NE. If there is an unplanned NE ID or IP address in
the ECC routing table, the faulty NE is incorrectly
configured. To rectify the fault, log in to the faulty
NE using the unplanned NE ID and NE IP address
on the NMS and correct the settings.
l Change the DCC settings or inband DCN settings of
the faulty NE to interrupt the DCN channel between
the faulty NE and its upstream NE. Then, check for
the ID and IP address of the faulty NE in the ECC
routing table of the upstream NE. If the ID and IP
address of the faulty NE exist in the ECC routing
table of the upstream NE, another NE on the ECC
subnet has the same ID and IP address as the faulty
NE. In this case, correct the settings to ensure that
each NE on the ECC subnet has a unique ID and IP
address.
l If the inband DCN is enabled for the faulty NE and
its upstream NE, verify that the VLAN ID is
correctly set on the upstream NE.
l Verify that static routes are correctly set on the faulty
NE's upstream NE.
l Verify that OSPF parameters are correctly set on the
faulty NE's upstream NE. OSPF parameter settings
must be consistent for all NEs on the same ECC
subnet.
4 Analyze the
DCN subnet
size.
Check the number of NEs
in the IP routing table or
ECC routing table of the
faulty NE's upstream NE.
If there is a large number of NEs in the routing table,
the DCN subnet is too large in size and some NEs on
the DCN subnet may occasionally become unreachable
to their NMS. It is recommended that an DCN subnet
consist of no more than 120 NEs, if a 192 kbit/s
bandwidth is provided. If L2 DCN is used, an L2 DCN
subnet consists of not more than 30 NEs.
5 Troubleshoot
NMS
information
loss.
Some NEs may
occasionally become
unreachable to their NMS.
l Verify that a minimum of 192 kbit/s bandwidth is
allocated to the inband DCN. If the allocated
bandwidth is lower than 192 kbit/s, packets from the
NMS may be lost.
l Check whether the QoS priority allocated to the
inband DCN by a third-party network is high enough
if inband DCN packets are transmitted over the
third-party network. Lower QoS priority of inband
DCN packets may cause NEs unreachable to the
NMS due to congestive packet loss. The per-hop
behavior (PHB) priority of inband DCN packets
must not lower than expedited forwarding (EF).
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Mark Operation Typical Symptom Measures
6 Troubleshoot
no-response
problems.
l The NE fails to be
logged in to onsite.
l The NE does not
respond to commands.
l Search for the IP address of the faulty NE on the
NMS.
l If the IP address is not found, or if the IP address is
found but the NMS still cannot reach the faulty NE,
restart the OptiX RTN 950 after a power-off, in a
authorized maintenance window which service can
be interrupted.
5.16 Troubleshooting Orderwire Faults
If orderwire calls cannot get through when services are normal, there is an orderwire fault.
Fault Causes
l The phone set is set incorrectly.
l The phone line is connected incorrectly.
l The orderwire is configured incorrectly.
l The orderwire unit is faulty.
l The system control unit is faulty.
l The line unit or radio link is faulty.
Fault Locating Methods
l Check whether the phone set is set correctly, whether the phone line is connected correctly,
and whether the orderwire is configured correctly.
l Replace the possibly faulty board to locate the fault.
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Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 5-23 Procedure for troubleshooting orderwire faults
Start
Is the phone
correctly set?
No
Modify the phone setting
Check the orderwire
configuration
Is the configuration
correct?
No
Yes
Proceed with the next step
Is the fault rectified?
End
Yes
No
Is the phone line
correctly connected?
Yes
Check the phone setting
No
Modify the configuration
Replace the possibly faulty
board
Reconnect the phone line
Yes
3
2
1
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Table 5-30 Description of the procedure for troubleshooting orderwire faults
Comment
No.
Description
1 Check the following points:
l Check whether the ring current switch "RING" on the phone set is set to
"ON".
l Check whether the dialing mode switch is set to "T", namely, the dual tone
multi-frequency mode.
l An orderwire phone set should be in on-hook state when it is not in
communication, and the upper-right red indicator in the front view of the
orderwire phone set should be off.
If the red indicator is on, it indicates that the phone set is in off-hook state.
Press the "TALK" button in the front of phone set to hook it up. In certain
occasions, the maintenance personnel press the "TALK" button is pressed
by mistake. As a result, the phone set stay in off-hook state all the time
and the orderwire call from the other NEs cannot get through.
2 Check the following points:
l Whether all orderwire phone numbers on a subnet are of the same length
l Whether all orderwire phone numbers on a subnet are unique
l Whether the overhead bytes of all the NEs on a subnet are the same
l Whether the orderwire port is set correctly
3 Replace the boards where the orderwire unit, system control unit, and
line unit are located to locate the fault.
Experience and Summary
To troubleshoot orderwire faults, you must check the orderwire phone periodically.
5.17 Typical Cases
This section describes typical microwave link troubleshooting cases.
5.17.1 Transient Link Unavailability Due to Multi-path Fading
Fault Symptoms
A 20 km long cross-ocean 1+1 hot standby (HSB) radio link was interrupted intermittently, and
alarms such as B1_SD, HSB_INDI, MW_LOF, and R_LOF, were reported and lasted several
seconds to dozens of seconds.
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Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. Checked the ODU receive power that was recorded during the alarm period.
The difference between the maximum receive power and the minimum receive power was
more than 40 dB, and the minimum receive power was close to or less than the receiver
sensitivity. Therefore, it was inferred that the fault was caused by spatial fading.
2. Checked the network planning design.
The ODU operated at the 8 GHz band, which was less prone to rain fading, and therefore
multipath fading caused intermittent link interruptions. In addition, 1+1 HSB protection
does not well protect radio links against multipath fading.
3. Replaced 1+1 HSB protection with 1+1 space diversity (SD) protection.
Conclusions and Suggestions
l Routinely check whether the receive power reaches the designed value. If not, it is
recommended that you check the configuration, adjust antennas, or replace ODUs so the
receive power reaches the designed value.
l Minimize the impact of multipath fading by using one of the following methods, depending
on the actual conditions:
Use low capacity, low-order modulation schemes, and low bandwidths.
Increase the height difference between antennas at both ends providing that line-of-sight
(LOS) is guaranteed.
Add two antennas and configure an SD protection group.
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5.17.2 Transoceanic Link Transient Unavailability Due to
Insufficient Height Difference between Diversity Antennas
Fault Symptoms
The received signal levels (RSLs) at both ends of a 1+1 SD cross-ocean radio link fluctuated
dramatically, leading to bit errors or even link interruptions.
Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. Checked the alarms reported by NEs at both ends of the radio link.
The NEs did not report any hardware alarms but frequently reported radio link alarms and
service interruption alarms.
2. Checked the RSLs of the main and standby ODUs at each end.
The RSLs of the main and standby ODUs at each end fluctuated dramatically, with a
fluctuation range over 30 dB. Therefore, the fault was possibly caused by multipath fading.
3. Checked the network plans and the mounting height difference between the main and
standby antennas at each end.
The mounting height difference between the main and standby antennas at each end was
only 4 meters, so space diversity performance was poor.
NOTE
To protect long-distance cross-ocean radio links against multipath fading, take the following measures
during network planning:
l Ensure that the fading margin is greater than or equal to 30 dB.
l Increase the mounting height difference between the main and standby antennas at both ends of a 1
+1 SD radio link.
4. Adjusted the mounting heights of the main antennas to 24 meters and those of the standby
antennas to 10 meters.
The following figure shows the simulation result and illustrates satisfactory diversity
compensation.
NOTE
The value of K generally ranges from 0.67 to 1.33. In this case, the RSLs of the main and standby antennas
are not correlated with each other. When designing mounting heights for main and standby antennas, keep
appropriate antenna spacing for minimizing the impact of reflection on radio links. When reflection causes
high attenuation on the main path, the attenuation on the standby path is low.
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Conclusions and Suggestions
When planning cross-ocean radio links, especially long-distance cross-ocean radio links, take
measures to minimize the impact of multipath fading. 1+1 SD protection is recommended for
these radio links. When mounting the main and standby antennas at one end, keep an appropriate
mounting height difference between them so attenuation has no impact on RSLs. In addition,
the main and standby antennas can be tilted slightly upwards providing that RSLs be not affected.
5.17.3 Link Unavailability Due to Inter-building Reflection
Fault Symptoms
On a 900-meter 1+0 microwave hop, IFX2 boards are used, working with 18 GHz HP ODUs,
at 28 MHz channel bandwidth and in 256QAM modulation, with XPIC disabled. One end of the
link continuously reports MW_LOF alarms and the other end reports MW_RDI alarms.
On this microwave hop, ODUs are mounted onto 0.3-meter diameter dual-polarized antennas
in separate-mount manner. Both ends of the radio hop are located on roofs. Antennas are installed
at the middle of poles about 5 meters high standing on the roofs.
Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. The total hop spans only 900 meters. The receive power is ideal but the MSE is poor. The
faulty microwave link end is surrounded by many buildings, most of which have glass
walls. Therefore, it is suspected that some signals are reflected for many times between the
buildings before reaching the receive end or that some microwave signals are reflected
twice when traveling through the glass walls before reaching the receive end. See Figure
5-24.
Figure 5-24 Microwave link between buildings
Site A
Site B
Reflected signal
Main signal
2. To suppress signal reflection, do as follows:
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l Change the pole position.
l Adjust the antenna elevation.
l Increase the antenna mount height.
l Use antennas with a larger diameter.
NOTE
Move poles near the building roof edges to decrease the inter-building reflection possibility or number of
reflection times. Generally, antennas can be adjusted upwards, downwards, leftwards, or rightwards.
During antenna adjustment, notice the MSE changes and ensure that the RSL is within its allowed range.
The larger the antenna diameter, the denser the beams. The smaller the beam angle at the receive end, the
powerful the capabilities to suppress reflection.
3. By means of the preceding methods, you can adjust the MSE values at both ends to be -30
dB to clear alarms.
Conclusions and Suggestions
The addressed problem is characterized by satisfactory receive power, poor MSE, and failure in
clearing alarms. To find out the cause, check whether the equipment hardware is faulty, whether
the equipment operates abnormally, and whether any exceptions occur on the path from an
antenna to an indoor unit (IDU). Then narrow down the cause on the space link, and determine
whether reflection and refraction are possible according to the topography.
5.17.4 Unidirectional Link Availability Due to Interference
Fault Symptoms
The1+0 link formed by NE A and NE B using IF1 board and 8G/HP ODU is available only in
one direction after the link is expanded from mode 5 (QPSK/28M/16E1) to mode 7 (128QAM/
28M/STM-1). The link is available only in one direction after the link is expanded from mode
5 (QPSK/28M/16E1) to mode 7 (128QAM/28M/STM-1).
Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. The ODU supports 128QAM modulation scheme according to query results of NE data in
mode 7 and query of ODU product manual.
2. The receive power is unlikely to fade because the RSL is stable and the link is only 1.27
Km long.
3. The MSE values on the NE A are -35.35 dB and -34.57 dB in the mode 5 and the mode 7
respectively. The MSE values on the NE B are -26.77 dB and -20.56 dB in the mode 5 and
the mode 7 respectively. The MSE value on the NE B is greatly different from the required
modulation threshold from -24 dB to -35 dB in the mode 7. The modulation threshold of
the MSE value in the mode 7 is from -24 dB to -35 dB. When the link is normal, the MSE
value of NE B is also low. It is suspected that interference exists. Because the anti-
interference capability in QPSK modulation is more powerful than that in 128QAM
modulation, signal modulation is successful in QPSK modulation but fails in 128QAM
modulation.
4. Scan the frequency on the NE B to find out the interference source. Change the operating
frequency to eliminate interference.
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Conclusions and Suggestions
For unidirectional link availability in case of modulation upshift, the possible causes are as
follows:
l The ODU cannot support the new IF mode of high modulation and of large capacity after
the link capacity is expanded.
l The link is interrupted because the receive power cannot meet the sensitivity requirement
in the new IF mode.
l The link is interrupted because the MSE value cannot reach the demodulation threshold
due to interference occurrence on the link.
Check the above items to prevent the link from being interrupted before the link capacity
expansion.
5.17.5 Bit Errors on Microwave Links
Fault Symptoms
Bit errors occurred in the services carried by a 2.5 km long radio link between NE A and NE B.
Both NEs used antennas with a diameter of 0.6 meters and 15 GHz ODUs. The IF1 boards on
both NEs worked in mode 5 (28 MHz/QPSK).
Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. Checked the alarms and logs of the two NEs.
The NEs did not report any hardware alarm. NE A reported an MW_FEC_UNCOR alarm,
but NE B did not.
2. Checked the RSLs at the two NEs.
The RSL at NE A was 62 dBm and that at NE B was 70 dBm. These two values were
greater than the receiver sensitivity (85 dBm) in mode 5.
3. Checked for interference signals by muting the ODU at NE B.
The RSL at NE A was 80 dBm. Therefore, interference signals existed.
4. Used one of the following methods for eliminating interference signals:
l Using frequencies that are not affected by interference signals (tests showed that the
sub-bands supported by the ODU were all interfered)
l Using antennas with a diameter greater than 0.6 meters (the workload is heavy and
interference signals are also amplified)
l Changing a polarization direction (cross-polarization discrimination of 30 dB can be
achieved)
5. Changed the polarization direction of the radio link.
The fault was rectified.
Conclusions and Suggestions
If the RSL of an ODU is normal or apparently greater than the receiver sensitivity, frequent and
intermittent radio link interruptions or bit errors are generally caused by interference signals.
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5.17.6 Poor Reliability Due to Network Planning Errors
Fault Symptoms
A radio link frequently but intermittently reported MW_RDI, R_LOC, and RPS_INDI alarms,
and HSB switchovers were triggered.
Table 5-31 Link information
Protection 1+1 HSB
IF board IF1B boards
IF mode IF mode 7 (28M/128QAM/STM-1)
ODU type SPA ODUs operating at the 8 GHz frequency
band
Receiver sensitivity 70.5 dBm
Transmit power 20 dBm
Receive power 39.5 dBm
Planned availability 99.994%
Predicted annual interruption time 1877 seconds
Cause Analysis and Handling Procedure
1. Queried historical receive power values of the radio link.
The receive power decreased to a value close to the receiver sensitivity when an alarm was
reported. Most alarms were reported during the night or in the early morning. When the
weather was favorable at noon, the receive power was normal. Therefore, intermittent radio
link interruptions were caused by multipath fading.
2. Checked annual interruption time predicted for the radio link.
The actual annual interruption time was longer than the predicted time of 1877 seconds.
Therefore, the fading margin was insufficient.
3. Checked the network planning methods.
The ITU-R-P.530-7/8 method was used. The area covered by the radio link was in the
Middle East, and therefore the ITU-R-P.530-9 method should be used.
4. Used the ITU-R-P.530-9 method to predict annual interruption time without changing other
conditions.
The obtained value was about 175833 seconds, which was longer than the value obtained
using the ITU-R-P.530-7/8 method.
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Figure 5-25 Using the ITU-R-P.530-7/8 method
Figure 5-26 Using the ITU-R-P.530-9 method
5. Deleted 1+1 HSB protection settings and configured 1+1 SD protection. The link
availability met service requirements.
Conclusions and Suggestions
Network planning is crucial to radio link performance. For radio links that are frequently
interrupted due to fading, it is recommended that you first check their network planning
information.
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6 Part Replacement
About This Chapter
Part replacement is a method frequently used to locate faults. The replacement operation varies
according to the specific part type.
Background Information
Table 6-1 Part replacement description
Part Name Operation Tool
CQ1 6.4 Replacing the Channelized
STM-1 Processing Board
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
l Fiber remover
SL1D, SL1DA 6.3 Replacing the SDH Optical
Interface Board
EG4, EG4P,
EM6T, EM6F,
EMS6,
EM6TA,
EM6FA, and
EFP8
6.7 Replacing the Ethernet
Interface Board
CF card 6.9 Replacing the CF Card
CST, CSH,
CSHU and
CSHUA
6.10 Replacing the System
Control, Switching and Timing
Board
AUX 6.11 Replacing the Auxiliary
Board
SP3D and SP3S 6.5 Replacing the PDH Interface
Board
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
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Part Name Operation Tool
ISV3, IF1,
IFU2, ISX2,
ISU2, and IFX2
l U2000 6.8 Replacing the IF Board
PIU 6.13 Replacing the Power Board
ML1 and MD1 6.6 Replacing the Smart E1
Interface Board
FAN 6.12 Replacing the Fan Board l ESD wrist strap
l U2000
ODU 6.15 Replacing the ODU l Ejector lever (torque wrench)
l U2000
l Silicon
l Waterproof adhesive tape
IF cable 6.16 Replacing the IF Cable l Multimeter
l Ejector lever
l Electro-technical knife
l File
l Installation parts and
accessories of the connector
l IF cable
l Waterproof adhesive tape
SFP 6.14 Replacing the SFP l ESD wrist strap
l Tweezer fiber remover
l U2000
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6.1 Removing a Board
Removing a board is a basic operation for replacing a board.
Procedure
Step 1 Insert one end of the ESD wrist strap into the ESD connector on the cabinet. Wear the ESD wrist
strap.
Figure 6-1 Wear the ESD wrist strap
Step 2 Optional: If cables are connected to the board, make labels for the cables and then remove the
cables.
NOTE
Use fiber removers to remove fibers or network cables.
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Figure 6-2 Tweezer fiber remover
Step 3 Remove the board.
1. Loosen the screws on the panel of the board.
Figure 6-3 Removing a board (1)
2. Hold the left and right ejector levers with hands. Push them outwards to disengage the board
from the backplane.
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Figure 6-4 Removing a board (2)
NOTE
As shown in Figure 6-5, there is a latch on each ejector lever of the System control Switch&Timing
board. To remove the System control Switch&Timing board, you need to push the latches when
pulling the ejector levers outward.
Figure 6-5 Removing the System control Switch&Timing board
3. Pull out the board gently along the slot guide rail.
Figure 6-6 Removing a board (3)
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NOTICE
Remove the board slowly to prevent the components on the boards from colliding.
Step 4 Put the removed board into the antistatic box or bag.
----End
6.2 Inserting a Board
Inserting a board is a basic operation for replacing a board.
Procedure
Step 1 Insert one end of the ESD wrist strap into the ESD connector on the cabinet. Wear the ESD wrist
strap.
Figure 6-7 Wear the ESD wrist strap
Step 2 Insert the board.
1. Hold the ejector levers on the panel with both hands. Push them outwards so that the angle
between the ejector lever and the panel is about 45 degrees.
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2. Push the board gently along the slot guide rail until the board cannot slide further.
Figure 6-8 Inserting a board (1)
NOTICE
Insert the board slowly to prevent the components on the boards from colliding.
3. Press the two ejector levers inward with force.
Figure 6-9 Inserting a board (2)
4. Tighten screws on the panel.
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Figure 6-10 Inserting a board (3)
Step 3 Optional: If cables are connected to the board, recover the original cable connections according
to the labels that are made previously.
----End
6.3 Replacing the SDH Optical Interface Board
When the SDH optical interface board is replaced, the unprotected services on the board are
interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare SDH optical interface board must be available, and the version and type of the
spare board must be the same as the version and type of the board to be replaced. You can
query the board manufacturing information to obtain the version of the board to be
replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
l Fiber remover
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If the services on the board are configured with SNCP, ensure that the services are
already switched to the protection channel.
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1. Query the SNCP protection group.
2. Perform the forced switching, if the port on the board functions as the current working
channel, the current protection channel is not on the board, and the state of the current
protection channel is normal or SD.
Step 3 Optional: If the services on the board are configured with linear MSP, ensure that the services
are already switched to the protection channel.
1. Query the linear MSP group.
2. Perform the forced switching, if the port on the board functions as the current working
channel, the current protection channel is not on the board, and the state of the current
protection channel is normal or SD.
Step 4 Remove the board.
Step 5 Check whether the version and SFP type of the spare board are the same as the version and SFP
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 6 Insert the board.
Step 7 After the board starts to work, check the STAT indicator on the board. The STAT indicator
should be on and green.
Step 8 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
Step 9 Optional: If the forced switching has been performed on the board, release the forced switching.
Step 10 Optional: If the linear MSP switching has been performed for the services, release the forced
switching.
----End
6.4 Replacing the Channelized STM-1 Processing Board
When the channelized STM-1 processing board is replaced, the unprotected services on the board
are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare channelized STM-1 processing board must be available, and the version and type
of the spare board must be the same as the version and type of the board to be replaced.
You can query the board manufacturing information to obtain the version of the board
to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
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l U2000
l Fiber remover
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If the services on the board are configured with linear MSP, ensure that the services
are already switched to the protection channel.
1. Query the linear MSP group.
2. Perform the forced switching, if the port on the board functions as the current working
channel, the current protection channel is not on the board, and the state of the current
protection channel is normal or SD.
Step 3 Remove the board.
Step 4 Check whether the version and SFP type of the spare board are the same as the version and SFP
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 5 Insert the board.
Step 6 After the board starts to work, check the STAT indicator on the board. The STAT indicator
should be on and green.
Step 7 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
Step 8 Optional: If the linear MSP switching has been performed for the services, release the forced
switching.
----End
6.5 Replacing the PDH Interface Board
When the PDH interface board is replaced, the services on the board are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to obtain the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
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Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Remove the board.
Step 3 Check and ensure that the version and type of the spare board are the same as the version and
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 4 Insert the board.
Step 5 After the board starts to work, check the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator should be
on and green.
Step 6 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
----End
6.6 Replacing the Smart E1 Interface Board
When the Smart E1 Interface board is replaced, the services on the board are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be available, and the version and type of the spare board must be the
same as the version and type of the board to be replaced. You can query the board
manufacturing information to obtain the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Instruments and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board to be replaced.
Step 2 Remove the board.
Step 3 Verify that the spare board has the same board version and board type as the board to be replaced.
Step 4 Insert the spare board.
Step 5 After the substitute board starts to work, check the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator
is on and green.
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NOTE
Smart E1 boards are hot-swappable. After the spare board is installed, it enters initialization state and starts to
work 2 minutes later.
Step 6 Query the current alarms of the substitute board.
There is no new alarm on the board.
----End
6.7 Replacing the Ethernet Interface Board
When the Ethernet interface board is replaced, the unprotected services on the board are
interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to obtain the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
l Fiber remover
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If the services are configured with MPLS APS, ensure that the services are already
switched to the protection tunnel.
1. Querying MPLS APS Status.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 3 Optional: If the services are configured with PW APS, ensure that the services are already
switched to the protection PW.
1. Querying PW APS Status.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 4 Remove the board.
Step 5 Check and ensure that the board version and the model of the SFP module on the spare board
are the same as the board version and the model of the SFP module on the board to be replaced.
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Step 6 Insert the board.
NOTE
Ethernet interface boards are hot-swappable. After the substitute board is installed, it enters initialization state
and starts working two minutes later.
If dynamic ARP is disabled on the NE at the opposite end of an MPLS tunnel, you need to change the static
ARP table entries of the opposite NE.
Step 7 After the board starts to work, check the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator should be
on and green.
Step 8 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
Step 9 Optional: If the forced switching has been performed for the services, release the forced
switching.
----End
6.8 Replacing the IF Board
When the IF board is replaced, the unprotected services on the board are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be available, and the version and type of the spare board must be the
same as the version and type of the board to be replaced. You can query the board
manufacturing information to obtain the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If the services on the board are configured with SNCP, ensure that the services are
already switched to the protection channel.
1. Query the SNCP protection group.
2. If the port on the board functions as the current working channel, the current protection
channel is not on the board, perform the forced switching.
Step 3 Optional: If the services on the radio link are configured with 1+1 protection, switch the service
to the protection IF board.
1. Query the IF 1+1 protection group.
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2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 4 Optional: If the services on the radio link are configured with N+1 protection, ensure that the
services are already switched to the protection IF board.
1. Query the IF N+1 protection group.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 5 Optional: If the services are configured with MPLS APS, ensure that the services are already
switched to the protection tunnel.
1. Querying MPLS APS Status.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 6 Optional: If the services are configured with PW APS, ensure that the services are already
switched to the protection PW.
1. Querying PW APS Status.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the forced switching.
Step 7 Optional: If the IF board is configured with the XPIC function, see 8.1.3 Muting/Unmuting
an ODU and mute the ODU at the opposite end.
Step 8 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board to be replaced.
NOTICE
To turn off the ODU-PWR switch, you need to pull the switch lever outwards slightly and then
set the switch to the "O" position.
Step 9 Remove the board.
Step 10 Check and ensure that the version and type of the spare board are the same as the version and
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 11 Ensure that the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the spare IF board is turned off.
Step 12 Insert the board.
Step 13 After the board starts to work, check the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator should be
on and green.
Step 14 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
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NOTICE
To turn on the ODU-PWR switch, you need to pull the switch lever outwards slightly and then
set the switch to the "I" position.
IF boards are hot-swappable. After the substitute board is installed, it enters initialization state
and starts working two minutes later.
If dynamic ARP is disabled on the NE at the opposite end of an MPLS tunnel, you need to change
the static ARP table entries of the opposite NE.
Step 15 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
Step 16 Optional: If the forced switching has been performed for the services, release the forced
switching.
Step 17 Optional: If the forced protection switching has been performed for the radio link, release the
forced switching.
Step 18 If the IF board is configured with the XPIC function, see 8.1.3 Muting/Unmuting an ODU and
unmute the ODU at the opposite end.
----End
6.9 Replacing the CF Card
If the NE is configured with only one System control Switch&Timing board, all the services are
interrupted during the replacement of the CF card.
Prerequisites
l You must be aware of the impact of CF card replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the CF card to be replaced.
l You must be a user with "NE maintainer" authority or higher.
l You must obtain a spare CF card that has the same capacity as the CF card to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l U2000
l Fiber remover
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If the board is configured with 1+1 protection, ensure that the services are switched
from the current working board to the protection board.
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1. See 8.9 Switching the System Control Unit and the Cross-Connect Unit, and ensure
that the current working board functions as the protection board.
2. If the board functions as the current working board, perform the manual switching.
Step 3 Remove the board.
Step 4 Remove the CF card according to the illustration in the following figure.
Step 5 Check the spare CF card.
Step 6 Install the spare CF card according to the illustration in the following figure.
Step 7 Insert the board.
Step 8 After the board starts to work, observe the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator should
be on and green.
Step 9 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms.
Step 10 Optional: If the manual switching has been performed on the board, release the manual
switching.
----End
6.10 Replacing the System Control, Switching and Timing
Board
All the services are interrupted during the period of replacing the system control, switching, and
timing board, if the NE is configured with only one system control switch and timing board. If
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a CSH/CST board is replaced, you can restore NE data by replacing the CF card. If a CSHU/
CSHUA board is replaced, you can back up and restore NE data from a USB flash drive. Perform
the operations specific to the type of the board to be replaced.
Prerequisites
l You must be aware of the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to learn about the version of the board to be replaced.
l If a CSHU/CSHUA board is to be replaced, NE data has been obtained.
The backup NE data has been imported to a laptop where the Web LCT is installed, if
there is a backup of the NE database on the NMS.
The network plan document has been obtained if there is no backup of the NE database
on the NMS.
Impact on System
If no protection board is available, the replacement of the system control, switching, and timing
board results in service interruption.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
l Fiber remover
l A USB flash drive with the authorization file if a CSHU/CSHUA board is to be replaced
The file folders related to the NE (\db, \pkg, \patch, \sysdata, \script, and \license)
should not exist in the USB flash drive.
The RTN.CER file of the NE should be copied to the root directory of the USB flash
drive.
The RTN.CER file, which stores the account and password information at the system
administration level (the password is encrypted), is generated by the system
administrator of a network management center using dedicated tools.
Context
NOTE
After the NE database is restored successfully, a cold reset is automatically performed on the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 If a CSH/CST board is replaced, restore NE data by replacing the CF card.
1. Query the current alarms of the board.
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2. Replace the system control, switching, and timing board.
If... Then...
One system
control,
switching, and
timing board is
configured
1. Notify the onsite maintenance personnel to remove the board.
2. Verify that the version and type of the spare board (including the
patch version) are correct.
NOTE
If the spare board and the board to be replaced have different patch
versions, contact Huawei engineers for loading correct patches.
3. Remove the CF card from the original board and then install the
CF card to the spare board. For details about how to install the CF
card, see 6.9 Replacing the CF Card.
4. Insert the spare board into the chassis.
5. Press and hold the CF RCV button on the board for 8 seconds so
that the board automatically restores the NE databases, system
parameters, software packages, and NE logs from the CF card.
NOTE
l In the process of restoring the NE database, the PROG indicator on the
board blinks green for about 20 minutes.
l If the database restoration is successful, the NE resets automatically.
After the NE resets successfully, the STAT and PROG indicators are
on and green.
l If the database restoration fails, the NE does not reset, and the PROG
is red. In this case, contact Huawei technical support engineers for
rectifying the fault.
NOTE
After the NE starts up normally, the STAT and PROG indicators on the board
are green.
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If... Then...
Two system
control,
switching, and
timing boards
are configured
1. Before replacing a working system control, switching, and timing
board, switch services from the working board to the protection
board. For details, see 8.9 Switching the System Control Unit
and the Cross-Connect Unit.
NOTICE
When the data of the working board is being synchronized to the protection
board or synchronization data is being delivered to the chip of the
protection board, removing the working board may interrupt services.
Before removing the working board, ensure that the board is in standby
status.
Wait until the protection switchover is completed, and then go to the next
step. A protection switchover is completed only after the data of the
working board has been synchronized to the protection board and
synchronization data has been delivered to the chip of the protection board.
2. After completing the protection switchover, Remove the board
to be replaced.
3. Check whether the version and type of the spare board are the
same as the version and type of the board to be replaced.
4. Insert the spare board.
5. Wait for about 10 minutes to complete the backup of the data on
the main and standby system control units.
NOTE
After the NE starts up normally, the STAT and PROG indicators on the board
are green.
3. Query the current alarms of the board. There should be no new alarms.
Step 2 If a CSHU/CSHUA board is replaced, back up and restore NE data from a USB flash drive.
1. Query the current alarms of the board.
2. Optional: If the NE is running, back up the NE data to the USB flash drive.
a. Insert the USB flash drive in the USB port on the OptiX RTN 950.
The indicator beside the USB port is blinking yellow during the data backup, and is
steady green after the data backup is complete.
b. Remove the USB flash drive after the data backup is complete.
3. Turn off the power supply for the IDU.
If the OptiX RTN 950 uses a two-input power supply, turn off both power inputs.
4. Replace the CSHU/CSHUA board.
a. Make labels for the cables and then remove the cables connected to the board.
NOTE
When removing the power cable, press the former section of the red button and pull the red button.
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1
2
1
1
2
Press
2
Press the front of the red latch. Properly move the red latch outwards. 2
1
b. Remove the CSHU/CSHUA board.
c. Verify that the spare board and the board to be replaced are of the same version and
use the same type of SFP modules.
d. Insert the spare CSHU/CSHUA board into the slot.
e. Recover the original cable connections according to the labels that are made
previously.
5. See the Commissioning Guide to power on the NE.
6. Restore NE configuration data.
If... Then...
The original NE is in the running state
and NE database is backed up by
following Step 2.2
Insert the USB flash drive into the USB port
of the CSHU/CSHUA board
The indicator beside the USB port is
blinking yellow during data restoration,
and is steady green after the data is restored.
It takes more than 10 minutes to restore NE
configuration data.
The original NE is not in the running
state and NE database is backed up to a
USB flash drive
1. Set the ID and IP address of the NE to
the predefined values by referring to
Changing the NE ID and Changing the
NE IP Address.
2. Restore NE configuration data by
referring to 7.4 Restoring the
Database by NMS.
The original NE is not in the running
state and NE database is not backed up
Configure NE data according to the
network plan.
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7. Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms.
----End
6.11 Replacing the Auxiliary Board
When the auxiliary board is replaced, the services on the auxiliary board are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to obtain the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
l U2000
l Fiber remover
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Remove the board.
Step 3 Check and ensure that the version and type of the spare board are the same as the version and
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 4 Insert the spare board.
Step 5 After the board starts to work, check the indicators on the board. The STAT indicator should be
on and green.
Step 6 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the auxiliary board.
----End
6.12 Replacing the Fan Board
The IDU cannot perform air cooling in the process of replacing the fan board. Therefore, you
need to replace the fan board quickly.
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Prerequisites
l You must be aware of the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to learn about the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l U2000
Precautions
CAUTION
Do not touch the blades until the fan has stopped rotating.
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Move the cables away from the front panel of the fan board assembly.
Step 3 Remove the fan board.
1
2
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Step 4 Check and ensure that the version and type of the spare board are the same as the version and
type of the board to be replaced.
Step 5 Insert the standby fan board.
1
2
Step 6 After the board starts to work, observe the indicators on the board. The FAN indicator should
be on and green.
Step 7 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms.
----End
6.13 Replacing the Power Board
If another power board works normally during the replacement period, the services at the IDU
are not affected.
Prerequisites
l You must be aware of the impact of board replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the board to be replaced.
l The spare board must be made available, and the version and type of the spare board must
be the same as those of the board to be replaced. You can query the board manufacturing
information to learn about the version of the board to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Screwdriver
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l U2000
Precautions
CAUTION
Do not remove or insert the power plug when the power is on. Turn off the power switch before
removing the power cable from the PIU.
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Turn off the output power switch for the IDU on the power supply equipment.
Step 3 Remove the cables connected to the board.
NOTE
When removing the power cable, press the former section of the red button and pull the red button.
Press the front of the red latch.
Properly move the red latch outwards. 2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
Press
Step 4 Remove the power board gently and horizontally along the guide rail.
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Step 5 Ensure that the version and type of the spare board are the same as the version and type of the
board to be replaced.
Step 6 Insert the spare board steadily along the guide rail.
Step 7 Reconnect the cables between the board and the power supply equipment.
Step 8 Turn on the output power switch for the IDU.
Step 9 After the board starts to work, observe the indicators on the board. The PWR indicator should
be on and green.
Step 10 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
----End
6.14 Replacing the SFP
When the small form pluggable (SFP) is replaced, the unprotected services on the optical/
electrical port are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of SFP replacement.
l You must know the specific position of the SFP to be replaced.
l You must know the service protection and protection channels of the SFP to be replaced.
l The spare SFP must be available, and the version and type of the spare SFP must be the
same as the version and type of the SFP to be replaced. You can query the board
manufacturing information to obtain the version of the SFP to be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap
l Tweezer fiber remover
l U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms of the board.
Step 2 Optional: If SNCP is configured for services at the optical interface, ensure that the services
are already switched to the protection channel.
1. Query the status of the SNCP group.
2. If the port on the local board functions as the working channel, the protection channel does
not involve the local board, and the protection channel is in the normal or SD state, perform
forced switching.
Step 3 Optional: If linear MSP is configured for services at the optical interface, ensure that the services
are already switched to the protection channel.
1. Query the status of the linear MSP group.
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2. If the port on the local board functions as the working channel, the protection channel does
not involve the local board, and the protection channel is in the normal or SD state, perform
forced switching.
Step 4 Record the cable connections of the SFP, and then disconnect cables.
Step 5 Check the types of the spare SFP and the SFP to be replaced, and remove the SFP module.
NOTE
l Hold the extraction lever to remove the optical module.
l Press the release button before removing the STM-1 electrical module.
2
1
Press the release button.
Remove the STM-1 electical module.
1
2
Step 6 Insert the standby SFP module and reconnect cables based on the record.
Step 7 Query the current alarms of the board.
There should be no new alarms on the board.
Step 8 Optional: If the forced switching has been performed on the board, release the forced switching.
Step 9 Optional: If the linear MSP switching has been performed for the services, release the forced
switching.
----End
6.15 Replacing the ODU
When the ODU is replaced, the unprotected services on the ODU are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of ODU replacement.
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l You must know the specific positions of the ODU to be replaced and the IF board connected
to the ODU.
l The spare ODU must be at hand, whose type must be the same as the type of the ODU to
be replaced.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l Ejector lever (torque spanner)
l U2000
l Silicon
l Waterproof adhesive tape
Precautions
Before you replace an ODU that is installed on the coupler, power off the ODU to be replaced,
but do not power off or mute the other ODU. Otherwise, the services may be affected. The
interface of the coupler ejects little RF radiation, thus meeting the safety standards for microwave
radiation.
Do not damage the coating when you replace an ODU. In the case of any coating damage, repair
the coating timely.
Procedure
Step 1 Query the current alarms on the ODU and then record the results.
Step 2 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 3 Remove the IF cable and the PGND cable from the ODU.
Step 4 Remove the ODU.
Option Description
If... Then...
You need to remove the RTN 600 ODU
with a waveguide interface
Loosen the four latches of the ODU and
disconnect the ODU from the antenna, the
hybrid coupler, or ODU adapter.
You need to remove the RTN 600 ODU
with a coaxial interface
Remove the ODU from the post.
You need to remove the RTN XMC ODU Loosen the captive screws on the ODU and
disconnect the ODU from the antenna, the
hybrid coupler, or ODU adapter.
Step 5 Ensure the type of the spare ODU is the same as the type of the ODU to be replaced.
Step 6 Install the ODU.
Option Description
If... Then...
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Option Description
You need to install a new RTN 600 ODU
with a waveguide interface
See the RTN 600 ODU Quick Installation
Guide.
You need to install a new RTN 600 ODU
with a coaxial interface
See the RTN 600 ODU Quick Installation
Guide.
You need to install a new RTN XMC ODU See the RTN XMC ODU Installation Guide.
Step 7 Connect the PGND cable and the IF cable to the ODU.
Step 8 Waterproof the IF interface on the ODU.
Step 9 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 10 After the ODU starts to work, check the LINK indicator and ODU indicator on the IF board.
The ODU indicator and LINK indicator should be on and green.
Step 11 Query the current alarms of the ODU. There should be no new alarms on the ODU.
----End
6.16 Replacing the IF Cable
When the IF cable is replaced, the unprotected services on the IF cable are interrupted.
Prerequisites
l You must know the impact of IF cable replacement.
l You must know the specific positions of the IF cable to be replaced and the IF board
connected to the IF jumper.
l In the case of the RG-8U IF cable or the 1/2-inch IF cable, an IF jumper is required to
connect the IF cable to the IDU and both ends of the IF cable should be terminated with
type-N connectors. In the case of the 5D IF cable, the IF cable is connected directly to the
IDU and the cable end connecting to the IDU should be terminated with the TNC connector
and the cable end connecting to the ODU should be terminated with the type-N connector.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l Multimeter
l Ejector lever
l Electro-technical knife
l File
l Installation parts and accessories of the connector
l IF cable
l Waterproof adhesive tape
Procedure
Step 1 Query and record the current alarm of the IDU.
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Step 2 Turn off the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 3 Disconnect the IF cable from the IF jumper and from the ODU.
Step 4 Use a multimeter to test the connectivity of the IF cable to determine whether you need to make
new connectors for the IF cable or replace the IF cable with a new one.
If... Then...
You need to make new connectors for the
IF cable
See the Installation Reference and make new
connectors for the IF cable.
You need to replace the IF cable with a new
one
Replace the IF cable with a new one.
Step 5 Connect the IF cable to the IF jumper and to the ODU.
Step 6 Waterproof the connectors at the two ends of the IF cable with the waterproof adhesive tape.
Step 7 Turn on the ODU-PWR switch on the front panel of the IF board.
Step 8 After the ODU starts to work, check the LINK and ODU indicators on the IF board.
The ODU indicator and LINK indicator should be on and green.
Step 9 Query the current alarms of the IDU.
There should be no new alarms on the IDU.
----End
6.17 Erasing Data in the Repair Parts
The storage media on the system control board stores NE configuration data. If necessary, erase
data on the board before repair.
6.17.1 Board Storage Media
The storage media on the system control board has the flash memory and CF card.
Overview
OptiX RTN 950 has two types of storage media: CF card and flash memory. Both the CF card
and flash memory may contain configuration data. As shown in Table 6-2, the types of storage
media supported by the system control boards for the OptiX RTN 950 are listed.
Table 6-2 Types of storage media on the system control boards
Board Storage Media
CST/CSH l Flash memory (integrated on the system
control board)
l CF card (pluggable)
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Positions of the Storage Media
DIP switches on the system control board are used for some special maintenance-related
operations, including formatting the flash memory.
For the positions of the CF card and the DIP switches for formatting the flash memory, see "DIP
Switches and CF Card" of the system control board in the IDU Hardware Description.
6.17.2 Removing the CF Card
If necessary, remove the CF card from the repaired system control board to ensure data security.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap or ESD glove
l ESD bag for storing the removed CF card
NOTICE
Slowly and carefully remove the CF card, to prevent damages to the CF card or its card slot.
Procedure
Step 1 Wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves during operations.
1. Put your hand through the ESD wrist strap, as shown inFigure 6-11.
Figure 6-11 Wearing an ESD wrist strap
2. Fasten the wrist strap to ensure good contact between the ESD wrist strap and your skin.
3. Connect the ground end of the ESD wrist strap to the ESD jack in the cabinet or chassis.
Step 2 Remove the CF card.
Step 3 Place the removed CF card to an ESD bag.
----End
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6.17.3 Formatting the Flash Memory
If necessary, erase data in the flash memory by setting the DIP switches.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
l ESD wrist strap or ESD glove
Procedure
Step 1 Wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves during operations.
1. Put your hand through the ESD wrist strap, as shown inFigure 6-12.
Figure 6-12 Wearing an ESD wrist strap
2. Fasten the wrist strap to ensure good contact between the ESD wrist strap and your skin.
3. Connect the ground end of the ESD wrist strap to the ESD jack in the cabinet or chassis.
Step 2 Format the flash memory.
1. Remove the system control board from the chassis.
2. Set the BIOS DIP switches to binary values "1111".
When the DIP switches are set to "1111", the software will erase all data (except for board
manufacturing information), including data in the file system and the system parameter
area.
NOTE
For the positions of the DIP switches of system control boards, see "DIP Switches and CF Card" of
the system control board in the IDU Hardware Description.
3. Insert the system control board to the backup chassis, and power on the board. Observe the
RUN indicator. If the RUN indicator on the system control board blinks every 1s, the data
on the flash memory has been cleared.
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NOTE
If the system control board cannot be powered on or the software fails to start, the preceding method
of clearing data from the flash memory by changing DIP switch settings is inapplicable. In this case,
contact Huawei technical support engineers.
----End
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7 Database Backup and Restoration
About This Chapter
The OptiX RTN 950 supports database backup and restoration through the NMS.
7.1 NE Database
An NE database stores communication data, security data, alarm data, performance data, and
configuration data of an NE in a certain structure, to facilitate data query and modification and
to ensure that the data can be restored after the NE is reset.
7.2 Backing Up the Database Manually
The NE configuration data is stored in the database of an NE. To prevent the database from
being damaged due to certain risky operations such as replacing a faulty system control, cross-
connect, and timing board or upgrading the software, you need to manually back up the database
on a regular basis and before performing any risk operation.
7.3 Setting the Database Backup Policy
You can set the policy of backing up a database to realize the function of periodically backing
up the database.
7.4 Restoring the Database by NMS
If the database is damaged, you can restore the NE database by using the database files that are
saved previously.
7.5 Recovering Databases from a USB Flash Drive
When NE data is lost or abnormal and DCN communication fails on an NE that houses a CSHU/
CSHUA board, you can recover NE databases from a USB flash drive.
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7.1 NE Database
An NE database stores communication data, security data, alarm data, performance data, and
configuration data of an NE in a certain structure, to facilitate data query and modification and
to ensure that the data can be restored after the NE is reset.
Three types of NE databases are available:
l Memory database (MDB)
The data in the MDB varies according to the configuration and is lost when the system
control unit is reset or when the NE is powered off.
l Dynamic random database (DRDB)
The DRDB automatically stores the data that is checked successfully. The DRDB is resident
in the reserved memory. Hence, the data in the DRDB is not lost when a warm reset is
performed on the system control unit. The data, however, is lost when a cold reset is
performed on the system control unit or when the NE is powered off.
l Flash database (FDB)
The FDB includes FDB0 and FDB1. The FDB is resident in the flash memory on the board.
Hence, the data in the FDB is permanently stored.
NE Database Backup
NE configuration data, after being delivered to the system control unit, is stored in the MDB.
Upon successful verification of the configuration data, the system control unit copies the data
from the MDB to DRDB and delivers the data to boards.
Two modes are available to back up DRDB data to the FDB:
l An NE backs up DRDB data to the FDB within five minutes after NE configuration data
is modified.
l An NE backs up DRDB data to the FDB every 24 hours.
The following modes are available to back up FDB data:
l Upon a scheduled backup of DRDB data to the FDB, the NE backs up FDB data to a
dedicated partition of the flash memory (other than FDB0 and FDB1).
l On the NMS, FDB data can be backed up to an NMS server manually or at specified
intervals.
l For a CSHU/CSHUA board: If a USB flash drive is inserted in the USB port and the FDB
data in the flash memory is newer than that in the USB flash drive, the NE backs up the
FDB data from the flash memory to the USB flash drive.
l For a CSH/CST board: A CF card stores NE databases, system parameters (including NE-
IPs, NE-IDs, subnet masks, and LSR IDs), software packages, and NE logs.
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NOTE
The software packages on a CF card are synchronized with those on the system control, switching, and
timing board only during package diffusion. Automatic or manual backup is not needed for software
package synchronization.
Ensure that the software version of the system control, switching, and timing board is the same as that in
a CF card. If the software packages on the system control, switching, and timing board are inconsistent
with those in a CF card, the SWDL_CHGMNG_NOMATCH alarm is reported.
NOTE
For a CSH/CST board, when you use the NMS to back up FDB data, system parameters such as NE-IPs,
NE-IDs, or subnet masks are not backed up, but LSR IDs are backed up.
For a CSHU/CSHUA board, when you use the NMS to back up FDB data, system parameters such as NE-
IPs, NE-IDs, or subnet masks are backed up as well as LSR IDs.
NE Database Restoration
l When an NE is warm reset, the system control unit checks whether configuration data is
available in the DRDB. If configuration data is available in the DRDB, the system control
unit restores data from the DRDB. If the configuration data in the DRDB is damaged, the
system control unit restores data from FDB0 and FDB1.
l When the NE is cold reset, the system control unit restores data from FDB0 and FDB1.
l When the data in both FDB0 and FDB1 is damaged, data can be restored from the CF
card.
l On the NMS, the FDB data in flash memory can be restored from an NMS server without
interruption of TDM services.
l For a CSHU/CSHUA board: If a USB flash drive is inserted in the USB port and the FDB
data in the USB flash drive is newer than that in the flash memory, the NE backs up the
FDB data from the USB flash drive to the flash drive.
l For a CSH/CST board: After you hold down the CRV button on the system control,
switching, and timing board for 8s, the data stored on the CF card will be synchronized to
the board. To synchronize the NE databases, system parameters, and NE logs from the
system control, switching, and timing board to the CF card, enable the regular backup
function. The default backup interval is 24 hours.
7.2 Backing Up the Database Manually
The NE configuration data is stored in the database of an NE. To prevent the database from
being damaged due to certain risky operations such as replacing a faulty system control, cross-
connect, and timing board or upgrading the software, you need to manually back up the database
on a regular basis and before performing any risk operation.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.
l You must log in to the NE.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
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NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Procedure
Step 1 On the NMS, choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Data Backup/
Restoration from the Main Menu.
Step 2 In NE View, click Find.
Step 3 In the Find NE dialog box, set the search conditions and search for the NE that requires database
backup.
Step 4 Click OK.
Step 5 Click Backup.
NOTE
Press and hold the Ctrl button on the keyboard, you can select multiple NEs to back up the data at one time.
Step 6 Set the data backup path to NMS Server or NMS Client according to the requirements.
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Step 7 Click Start to start backing up the NE data. In NE View, Operation Status indicates the progress
of backing up the data. After the data backup is successful, Operation Status displays a message,
indicating that the operation is successful.
----End
7.3 Setting the Database Backup Policy
You can set the policy of backing up a database to realize the function of periodically backing
up the database.
Precautions
NOTE
During the database backup by the NMS, do not recover or backup data by USB flash drive.
7.3.1 Setting the User-Defined Backup Policy
Through this task, you can set the backup policy for a specific NE.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.
l You must log in to the NE.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Background Information
Each NE has a default data backup policy.
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l Database packages are backed up once at 2:00.
l The default backup policy is disabled by default.
l A maximum of five database packages can be backed up at a time.
l Data changes do not trigger any backup operations.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Backup Policy Management
from the Main Menu.
Then, the NE Backup Policy Management dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 In Auto Backup Policy window, set NE type.
The version, name, and IP address of the selected NE are displayed.
Step 3 Click New Policy.
Step 4 Optional: Click to import the information of the NEs.
Step 5 Optional: Click to export the information of the NEs.
The information of the selected NEs is stored in the specified location.
Step 6 In NE Table, select one or more NEs.
Step 7 Click Next.
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Then, the Setting Policy dialog box is displayed.
Step 8 Set Policy Name, Period Backup Policy, and Period Save Policy.
NOTE
l If The Added NE's Policy Status is set to Enable, the NMS performs the backup operation within
the specified period, day, and time.
l If The Added NE's Policy Status is set to Disable, the backup policy is still in the Disable state
although the policy period reaches the specified period, day, and time.
Step 9 Click Advanced Settings, and set Backup Type, Max Backup Num, and Configuration
Change Backup for a certain type of NEs.
Step 10 Click OK.
Step 11 Click OK.
----End
7.3.2 Enable the Backup Policy of the Device
Through this task, you can set the backup policy of a device to the running state.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Backup Policy Management
from the Main Menu.
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Then, the NE Backup Policy Management dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 In Auto Backup Policy window, set NE type.
The version, name, and IP address of the selected NE are displayed.
Step 3 Right click the selected NE, Click Enable Backup Policy.
----End
7.3.3 Disable the Backup Policy of the Device
Through this task, you can set the backup policy of a device to the suspended state.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE monitor authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Backup Policy Management
from the Main Menu.
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Then, the NE Backup Policy Management dialog box is displayed.
Step 2 In Auto Backup Policy window, set NE type.
The version, name, and IP address of the selected NE are displayed.
Step 3 Right click the selected NE, Click Disable Backup Policy.
----End
7.4 Restoring the Database by NMS
If the database is damaged, you can restore the NE database by using the database files that are
saved previously.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
l The data to be restored must be backed up.
l You must log in to the NE.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
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Precautions
NOTE
During the database restoring by the NMS, do not recover or backup data by USB flash drive.
Procedure
Step 1 On the NMS, choose Administration > NE Software Management > NE Data Backup/
Restoration from the Main Menu.
NOTE
The equivalent operations on the Web LCT are as follows:
In NE List, click .
In Login, click OK.
For the DC, the default user name is szhw and the default password is nesoft. For the license tool, the default
user name is lct and the default password is password. If the user name or password has been changed, use the
latest one.
The NE Data Backup/Restoration window is displayed.
Step 2 In NE View, click Find.
Then, the Find NE dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 In the Find NE dialog box, set the search conditions to search for the NEs that need to restore
databases.
Step 4 Click OK.
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Step 5 Select the NE whose data needs to be recovered, and click Recover.
NOTE
You can select multiple NEs to recover the data at one time.
Then, the Recover dialog box is displayed.
Step 6 Select Browse in File Name.
Then, the Select File dialog box is displayed.
Step 7 Select files from NMS Server or NMS Client, and then choose the files to be recovered. Click
OK.
Step 8 Set Activate Type to With Service Interruption and select Deliver To Board Activate.
NOTE
l If Activate Type is No Reboot, only database files are overwritten and the NE will not be warm reset. The
database does not take effect until the NE is reset.
l If Activate Type is With Service Interruption, database files will be overwritten, the NE will be warm
reset, and then the database will take effect.
l If Deliver To Board Activate is selected, the EFP8/EMS6 board will be instructed to perform a cold reset
during database activation.
l If Deliver To Board Activate is unselected, the EFP8/EMS6 board will not be cold reset.
Step 9 In the Recover dialog box, click Start.
Step 10 Click Yes in the prompt dialog box.
The system starts recovering the selected data files on the specified NE.
In the NE list of NE View, Operation Status indicates the progress of recovering the data.
After the data is recovered, Operation Status displays a message, indicating that the operation
is successful.
Step 11 In NE View, right-click the NE and choose Active Database from the shortcut menu.
The Active Database dialog box is displayed.
Step 12 Click Start to start activating the database.
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NOTE
If the NE transmits data services, select Deliver to Board.
Services are interrupted during the activation of databases.
In NE View, Operation Status indicates the progress of activating the database. After the
database is activated, Operation Status indicates that the operation is successful.
----End
7.5 Recovering Databases from a USB Flash Drive
When NE data is lost or abnormal and DCN communication fails on an NE that houses a CSHU/
CSHUA board, you can recover NE databases from a USB flash drive.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
l The NE database has been backed up.
l You have logged in to the NE on the NMS.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
USB flash drive
Procedure
Step 1 Copy the NE database backup file db_pck.gz from the NMS server to the \db directory in the
USB flash drive.
NOTE
Other directories related to the NE (\pkg, \patch, \sysdata, \script, and \license) must not exist.
Step 2 Copy the RTN.CER file of the NE to the root directory of the USB flash drive.
NOTE
The RTN.CER file, which stores the account and password information at the system administration level (the
password is encrypted), is generated by the system administrator of a network management center using
dedicated tools.
Step 3 Insert the USB flash drive in the USB port on the OptiX RTN 950.
NOTE
During the database recovering process, do not perform operations such as data configuration, NE resets, and
software loading.
Step 4 Check the data loading status based on the indicator on the USB flash drive.
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Status of the USB
Indicator
Data Loading Status Operation
The indicator blinks yellow
and then turns steady green.
The loading of
commissioning data is
complete.
NOTE
l When the indicator is
blinking yellow, do not
remove the USB flash
drive. Otherwise, the data
loading may be interrupted.
l After the data loading is
complete, the NE will
automatically reset, which
takes 2 minutes to 3
minutes. After the reset is
complete, the USB
indicator and the system
indicator (SRV) on the NE
are both steady green,
indicating that the data
loading is successful.
Remove the USB flash drive.
The indicator is off. The USB flash drive is faulty
and fails to get online.
NOTE
Another possible cause is that
the USB flash drive is not
properly inserted.
l Copy the commissioning
data to another USB flash
drive.
l Repeat 1 to load the
commissioning data to
the NE.
The indicator blinks red. The type of the USB flash
drive is incorrect or an error
occurs when the NE attempts
to read/write the USB flash
drive.
NOTE
Preparing Documents and
Tools provides the USB flash
drive types that the OptiX RTN
950 supports.
l Copy the commissioning
data to another USB flash
drive.
l Repeat 1 to load the
commissioning data to
the NE.
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Status of the USB
Indicator
Data Loading Status Operation
The indicator is steady red. The loaded commissioning
data is abnormal.
Reload the data:
l Save the correct NE
software and
commissioning data
scripts in the correct
directories of the USB
flash drive.
l Repeat 1 to load the
commissioning data to
the NE.
----End
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8 Common Maintenance Operations
About This Chapter
This section introduces common maintenance operations.
8.1 Microwave Link Troubleshooting
This section describes common maintenance operations related to microwave link
troubleshooting.
8.2 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting
This section describes common maintenance operations related to Ethernet service
troubleshooting.
8.3 TDM/CES Service Troubleshooting
This section describes common maintenance operations related to TDM/CES service
troubleshooting.
8.4 Software Loopback
Software loopback refers to the loopback operation that is implemented by using the NMS.
During software loopback, you need not visit the engineering site. Hence, software loopback is
used more widely than hardware loopback.
8.5 Hardware Loopback
Hardware loopback refers to the loopback operation performed by changing the physical
connection.
8.6 Reset
Reset is an important method of troubleshooting software faults. Reset is classified into cold
reset, warm reset.
8.7 Setting the Automatic Release Function
To protect the communication between the NMS and NE against improper operations, an NE
supports the automatic release of the ODU muting, software loopback, and other operations that
require you to exercise caution. The automatic release time is five minutes by default. You can
set whether to enable the automatic release function and the automatic release time through the
NMS.
8.8 Querying Power Consumption of Boards
This section describes how to query power consumption of the ODU and each board.
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8.9 Switching the System Control Unit and the Cross-Connect Unit
When the is configured with two system control, cross-connect, and timing boards, you can
manually switch the system control unit and the cross-connect unit as required.
8.10 Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters
The optical connectors are easily contaminated in the maintenance process. The minute dust
particles that can be seen only in the microscope can also affect the quality of optical signals. In
this case, the system performance deteriorates. Hence, the fiber connectors or adapters that are
terminated need to be cleaned in time.
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8.1 Microwave Link Troubleshooting
This section describes common maintenance operations related to microwave link
troubleshooting.
8.1.1 Monitoring Radio Link Indicators
This section describes how to collect high-density samples about the RSL and MSE indicators
of radio links for monitoring. The longest monitoring duration is 48 hours.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Navigate to the interface for monitoring the RSL and MSE indicators of radio links.
2
1
Step 2 Configure parameters for monitoring the RSL and MSE indicators of radio links.
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3
4
Set the monitored
object.
5
Set the monitoring
duration. The
maximum value is
48 hours.
6
Step 3 Query the monitoring result.
8 7 9
Set the query type.
The query result of the MSE
is displayed in green and that
of the RSL is displayed in red.
Set the time range of
the query.
----End
8.1.2 Scanning Interfering Signals
You can learn whether intra-frequency or inter-frequency interference exists by scanning
frequency spectra in microwave channels.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
l Mute the ODU at the opposite end, before scanning the reference signal.
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Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from Object tree in the NE Explorer.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Step 2 Choose Diagnosis&Maintenance > ODU Frequency Scan.
NOTE
The equivalent operations on the Web LCT are as follows:
Choose Diagnosis&Maintenance > ODU Frequency Scan.
Set the parameters, colick Start to Scan.
Step 3 Set the parameters, click Start to Scan.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
----End
8.1.3 Muting/Unmuting an ODU
The state of an ODU transmitter can be mute or unmute. When the ODU transmitter is in the
unmute state, the ODU transmits and receives microwave signals normally. When the ODU
transmitter is in the mute state, the ODU transmitter does not work, but the ODU can receive
microwave signals.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding IF boards and the ODUs connected to the IF boards must be added to
the NE Panel.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
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Procedure
Step 1 Select the ODU from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > ODU
Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the Advanced Attributes tab.
Step 3 Set Configure Transmission Status for the ODU.
NOTE
l In normal cases, Configure Transmission Status is set to unmute.
l If Configure Transmission Status is set to mute, the transmitter of the ODU does not work but can
normally receive microwave signals.
l If Configure Transmission Status is set to unmute, the ODU can normally transmit and receive
microwave signals.
Step 4 Click Apply.
----End
8.1.4 Performing a PRBS Test for the IF Board
If a special test tool is unavailable, you can perform the PRBS test by using the embedded test
system on the IF board.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
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Precautions
Figure 8-1 PRBS test of the IF board
1
1
PRBS
transmitter
PRBS
ODU
1
ODU
NE at the local end NE at the opposite end
IF port outloop 1
transmitter
IF board IF board
NOTICE
l During the PRBS test, the services in the tested path are interrupted.
l The PRBS test can be performed only in one path and in one direction at one time.
l The standby IF unit does not support the PRBS test. Before you perform the PRBS test for
the standby IF board of a 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection group, you must switch the standby
IF board to the working state.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure an outloop on the peer IF board by referring to instructions in 8.4.7 Setting Loopback
for the IF Board and .
Step 2 Start a PRBS test on the IF board.
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3
Select the desired PRBS test type.
Two PRBS test types are available:
a. PRBS frames are transmitted through the
specified E1 timeslot.
b. PRBS frames are transmitted as Ethernet
frames.
2
1
Select the desired IF board.
4
Configure the
test time.
5
Select an E1 path.
This parameter is
mandatory only for
E1 PRBS tests.
6
7
Step 3 View test results.
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View test results.
View the test
report.
8
9
10
Green indicates no
exception.
No bit error is found,
indicating that the link
works properly.
----End
8.2 Ethernet Service Troubleshooting
This section describes common maintenance operations related to Ethernet service
troubleshooting.
8.2.1 Querying the Attributes of an Ethernet Port
Through the operation, you can learn about the attributes of an Ethernet port, such as rate.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
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Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Query the attributes of the FE or GE port on the packet plane.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
1. In NE Explorer, select the required NE from the Object Tree.
2. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function
Tree.
3. Click the Advanced Attributes tab.
4. Check the parameters such as Port Physical Parameters, Transmitting Rate, and
Receiving Rate.
Step 2 Optional: Querying the attributes of the port.
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
1. In NE Explorer, select the required NE from the Object Tree.
2. Choose Configuration > Interface Management > Microwave Interface from the
Function Tree.
3. Click the Advanced Attributes tab.
4. Check the parameters such as Transmitting Rate and Receiving Rate.
Step 3 Optional: Query the attributes of the external port on the EFP8 board.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
1. In NE Explorer, select the EFP8 board from the Object Tree.
2. Choose Configuration > Ethernet Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from
the Function Tree.
3. Select External Port.
4. Click the Advanced Attributes tab.
5. Check the parameters such as Transmitting Rate and Receiving Rate.
NOTE
By performing this operation, you can query the attributes of the external ports on the EFP8 board (PORT1 to
PORT8) and the attributes of the bridging port on the EFP8 board (PORT9).
----End
8.2.2 Searching for Service Paths Based on VLANs
For E-Line services, this operation can display the transmission path of the VLAN service flow
on one access port. For E-LAN services, this operation can display the broadcast domain to
which the VLAN belongs.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been deployed.
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Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Search for an E-Line service path.
Step 2 Optional: Search for an E-LAN service path.
----End
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8.2.3 Searching for Service Paths Based on MAC Addresses
For E-LAN services, this operation allows the information of a MAC address learned by each
NE on a service path to be displayed, illustrating the entire service path through which packets
with the MAC address being the source address travel.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been deployed.
Procedure
Step 1 Search for an E-LAN service path.
Step 2 Query the Learning of MAC Addresses.
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----End
8.2.4 Checking the Layer 2 Protocols Used by Ethernet Services
This section describes how to check the Layer 2 protocols, including ERPS, MSTP, and STP,
used by E-LAN services based on service paths.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been created and the related fibers/cables have been created.
Procedure
Step 1 Search for an E-LAN service path.
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Step 2 Check the Layer 2 protocols used by the E-LAN services.
----End
8.2.5 Performing Intelligent Service Fault Diagnosis for Ethernet
Services
This section describes how to intelligently diagnose faults of Ethernet services based on service
paths.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been deployed.
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Procedure
Step 1 Search for services.
Step 2 Select a service to be diagnosed by specifying a service port.
Step 3 Diagnose the service and display the result.
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----End
8.2.6 Performing E-LAN Service Loopback Detection
This section checks whether a loopback occurs on Ethernet services based on service paths.
Users can quickly rectify a data storm on a loop after finding out the loopback point.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been created and the related fibers/cables have been created.
Procedure
Step 1 Search for an E-LAN service path.
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Step 2 Perform E-LAN service loopback detection.
NOTE
If a service is looped back, can be seen from the icons .
----End
8.2.7 Monitoring Ethernet Service Performance and Traffic Volume
Based on Service Paths
This section describes how to monitor Ethernet service performance based on service paths.
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Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-end Ethernet services have been created and the related fibers/cables have been created.
Procedure
Step 1 Search for service paths.
Step 2 Query the real-time and historical performance data of each measured object on each service
path.
The following figure shows how to query the real-time performance data of priority queues on
a port. Querying the real-time and historical performance data of other measured objects is
similar.
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----End
8.2.8 Querying Ethernet Service QoS Configurations Based on
Service Paths
This section describes how to query Ethernet service QoS configurations based on service paths.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
End-to-End Ethernet services and associated fibers have been created.
Procedure
Step 1 Search out service paths.
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Step 2 Select the service to be diagnosed by specifying service ports.
Step 3 Query QoS configurations.
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----End
8.2.9 Monitoring Ethernet Packets Through Port Mirroring
To monitor and analyze the Ethernet packets at a port, you can enable the port mirroring function
so that the received or transmitted packets on the port are duplicated to another Ethernet port to
which the Ethernet tester is connected. Then, you can monitor and analyze the packets. If the
system control, switching, and timing board is CSHU/CSHUA, this function is not supported.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
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Context
Figure 8-2 Schematic diagram of Ethernet port mirroring
Mirroring
port
NE under port mirroring
Monitoring
port
Ethernet equipment
Ethernet tester
Duplication
Ethernet equipment
Port
Forwarding
The port mirroring can be performed in two directions.
For the physical ports of:
l In the ingress direction
Also in the upstream direction. The equipment duplicates the packets received from the
mirroring port to the observing port, and then transmits the packets from the observing port
to the Ethernet tester.
l In the egress direction
Also in the downstream direction. The equipment duplicates the packets transmitted by the
mirroring port to the observing port, and then transmits the packets from the observing port
to the Ethernet tester.
For the VCTRUNK of EFP8/EMS6:
l In the upstream direction, the ports mirror the data transmitted from the VCTRUNK to the
TDM side.
l In the downstream direction, the ports mirror the data transmitted from the TDM side to
the VCTRUNK.
Procedure
Step 1 Select operations according to the Ethernet board type.
In the case of... Then...
Ethernet boards exclude EFP8/EMS6 Perform Step 2 toStep 5.
EFP8/EMS6 boards Perform Step 6 toStep 9.
Step 2 In NE Explorer, select the NE.
Step 3 Choose Configuration > Port Mirroring from the Function Tree.
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Step 4 Click New, and set Mirror Name, Select the Direction of Mirror Source Function Point,
Mirror Source Function Point, and Mirror Observation Point.
Step 5 Click OK.
Step 6 In NE Explorer, select the EFP8 or EMS6 board.
Step 7 Choose Configuration > Ethernet Interface Management > Port Mirroring from the
Function Tree.
Step 8 Click New, and set Mirrored Port, Mirrored Upstream Port, and Mirrored Downstream
Port.
Step 9 Click OK.
----End
8.2.10 Using the Ethernet Test Frames
By using the Ethernet test frames, you can check the connectivity of VCTRUNKs. Only the
EFP8 board supports this operation.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
l The service traffic is encapsulated or mapped by using the GFP method.
Tools, Instruments, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
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Background Information
The Ethernet board uses the specific GFP management frame or Ethernet frame as the test frame.
One frame is transmitted to the opposite Ethernet board per second. After receiving the test
frame, the Ethernet board returns the response frame. Upon receiving the response frame, the
Ethernet service processing board at the local end can judge the connectivity of the VCTRUNK
in between.
Figure 8-3 Ethernet test frames between Ethernet boards
Local
Ethernet
board
Remote
Ethernet
board
Test frame
Response frame
Precautions
NOTICE
Do not use the test frames when the network traffic is heavy.
Procedure
Step 1 In NE Explorer, select the EFP8 board.
Step 2 Choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Test from the Function Tree.
Then, the Ethernet Test dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Select the test port and click Clear Counters. Select Clear All Counters.
Step 4 Set Send Mode and Frames to Send.
NOTE
It is recommended that you choose "Burst mode", and a maximum of 10 frames can be transmitted each
time.
Step 5 Click Apply.
The system starts transmitting and receiving test frames.
Step 6 After Status displays Finished Sending, click Query.
Step 7 Check Counter of Frames Sent and Counter of Received Response of Test Frame.
Test frames are used to check the network connectivity. If some of the test frames are lost but
no alarm is reported on the SDH side, you can infer that the network is normal. If all the test
frames are lost, you can infer that the network is faulty.
----End
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Related Information
If you choose the continue mode, the local port transmits test frames continuously until the test
is disabled.
8.2.11 Checking L3VPN Service Performance Using NQA
OptiX RTN 950 can function as the server of NQA UDP jitter. Performance of L3VPN services
between an OptiX RTN 950 and CX600 can be verified by enabling the NQA UDP jitter test on
the CX600.
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
l L3VPN services have been correctly deployed.
Tools, Equipment, and Materials
U2000
NOTE
The Web LCT does not support this operation.
Context
NQA UDP jitter indicates the difference between the receiving interval and transmission interval
of two neighboring packets between a server and a client. Figure 8-4 shows the process for
testing the NQA UPD jitter:
1. The client sends test packets to the server at a certain interval.
2. After the server receives a test packet, it adds a time stamp and returns the packet to the
client.
3. After the client receives a returned test packet, it calculates the time difference between the
sending and receiving of the packet to get the jitter time.
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Figure 8-4 NQA UDP jitter test process
Optix RTN 950
(Server)
CX 600
(client)
Adding time
stamp
Calculating
delay variation
t
n
t
n
'
t
1
t
1
'
t
n
t
1