ASSIGNMENT 3

Balancing of Reciprocating Masses

1. Discuss the partial balancing of unbalanced primary force in a reciprocating
engine.
2. Define the following terms
a) Variation in tractive force
b) Swaying Couple
c) Hammer Blow
3. What is secondary unbalanced force?
4. Derive an expression for variation in tractive force.
5. What are the conditions for complete balancing of multi cylinder Inline engine?
6. Discuss the concept of ‘Direct and Reverse Cranks’ for the balancing of multi
cylinder radial engines.
7. An air compressor has four vertical cylinders 1, 2, 3 and 4 in line and the driving
cranks at 90° intervals reach their uppermost position in this order. The cranks are
of 150 mm radius, the connecting rods 500 mm long and the cylinder lines 400
mm apart. The reciprocating parts for each cylinder weigh 22.5 kg and the speed
of rotation is 400 rpm. Show that there are no out of balance primary or secondary
forces and determine the corresponding couples, indicating the position of No. 1
crank for maximum values. The central plane of the machine may be taken as
reference plane. [Ans. 6664.95 Nm, 1495.84 Nm]
8. The cranks of a two cylinder uncoupled outside cylinder locomotive are at right
angles and are 300 mm long. The distance between center lines of the cylinder is
1.75 m. The wheel center lines are 1.45 m apart. The rotating mass per cylinder is
300 kg. the whole of the rotating and two-thirds of the reciprocating masses are to
be balanced in the plane of the driving wheels at a radius of 750 mm radius, then
find:
a) The magnitudes and angular positions of the balancing masses.
b) The maximum speed of the locomotive in km/hr without lifting the wheels
from the rails if the dead weight on each driving wheel is 30 kN and
diameter of driving wheel is 1.8 m and
c) Swaying couple at the maximum speed.
[Ans. 249 kg each, 174.5° and 275°, 68.7 km/hr, 16687 Nm]
9. A 60° V engine has two cylinders which are placed symmetrically. The two
connecting rods operate a common crank. The stroke is 120 mm and length of
each connecting rod is 2 m. the mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 1.25
kg. Determine the value of primary force when crank is rotating at a speed of
2000 rpm. [Ans. 4934.85N]