Kinematics Theory - H

PHYSICS
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1
4if-i+t
il-zi+i . ii l-+i +i t ziiii t l=n +i . < c -- -ii ~< c -- +i nl- + +ii vii + i n ~- +-
t
il-zi+i +i <i iini n liil- l+i i =+-i t . -i l-+i (Statics) -ii nl- lai- (Dynamics) nl- lai- +i <i
~- iini n liil- l+i i-i t +i nfa+t -ii nfa faia+
1. nfa aii fi
nl-. -- -ii v -i+ <i -i +i = + vii ~ii - <i -i l-i +-i t l-i v -i+ + nl- ~ii lin-ii +i +i :
~i -ti t +i : ii -- i = nl- ~ii +i t : l-il- n -ti ni-i i =+-i
(+ -- +i v -i+ + =i -i nl- n +ti i-i t . ~n :=+i l-il- v -i+ + =i -i ll- - ti -i t t <i - i l-il- n
=-i t i -i v -i+ nl- + i --
2. un it4 nfa
=n ii nl- t nl- t l=n +i (+ =iii ii i (+ lni (dimension) n nl- + :=n +i +i zi z nl-+i
+i (+ ~-i + (dimension) ~- l<zi ~- +- t
2.1 fifa
l+=i +i +i l-il- l+=i =n ~i+izi (space) n l-il- (location) +i -i-i t t := vz- =
=-l-i- t l+ ''l+=i =n lzi i +i +ti l-i- t `
2. 2 fiisa
l+=i nl-ni- -- +i l-il- n l-- l-ii- +tni-i t t
il-i+ l-il- (
1
r
) = ~l--n l-il- (
2
r
) +i i- ini ii +
~- l<zi ti -i t
l-ii- i-in+. +iin+ ~ii zi - ti =+-i t
r
2
2.3 <t
l+=i l<( t ( =ni--in n +i ,ii - +i n: i--l+ n-i: +i < i +ti i-i t - +i ni < i (+
~l<zi ilzi t . i l+ l-ii- = l-+ n li-- t =ini-- l+-ti <i l-< ~i + n - +i ni < i --+
n l-ii- + lnii = li-- ti =+-i t
PHYSICS
2
Examplei 1. in. i 1 + ~- l<zi (=iii ii) -ii zin. i 2 + ~- l<zi (~z -i n i-i t
P Q
1
2
100 m
(a) in -ii zin ,ii - +i n: <i -i: `
(b) in -ii zin +i l-ii- -i:( `
Solution (a) in ,ii - +i n: <i = 100 ni.
zin ,ii - +i n: <i = t(50 m) = 50t ni.
(b) in +i l-ii- = 100 ni.
zin +i l-ii- = 100 ni.
2.4 iua n {f<y ny -ain )
nl- +- +i +i l+=i =n ~--in n ~i =- n l-ii- +i - +- n nn =n = liil- ++ vi--
+- t
iua n =
kUrjky le;
foLFkkiu
x ~-i + ~- l<zi =iii ii n nl- + ln(
v
av
= v = <v> =
t
x
A
A
=
i f
i f
t t
x x
n -ii -in +i lni[LT

-1
] -ii --+i SI nizi+ ni=+ (nic=c) ti-i t
~i =- n +i l<zii l-ii- +i l<zii + ~- l<zi ti -i t =iii ii n nl- n =l<zi +i l<zii ni- + i-in+
i +iin+ l--t ,ii v<lzi- +- t
2.5 ai-+ifi+ n {f+ut u4 s)
n +i l+=i =n lzi i ni- -i-ili+ n +tni-i t '' n'' zi< +i =ini--i n-n -i-ili+ n =
ti ti -i t
V
inst.
=
|
.
|
\
|
A
A
A t
x
lim
0 t
=
dt
dx
< = zi<i n . l+=i l<( n( -ii (ni-i , t) -i-ili+ n ~i =- n +i t =ini-- (limiting) ni- t At
zi - +i ~i ~n = ti (=ini) limit At 0 +i ~+n- n dx/dt +i -t lni- t ~i t x +i t + =i -i
~+n- +tni-i t
aia : -i-ili+ n -ii -i-ili+ -in + lnii i ti - t
-i-ili+ n +i l-+in- + ln( ~+n- = zi +i ~iz+-i ti -i t
tn ~+n- =ni+i + +z liini +i vin ++ v =
dt
dx
+i -i nni =+- t
-i-ili+ n =< i + -zi ii ti -i t
Example 2. (+ +i l-< A= -n-i i-i +-i t -ii <lzi - + + ~-l<zi nl- +-i t +i +i t l-il- Bai-
+il ( nnin ) -il+ l-il-i A-ii B+ n +i + ~i =- n +i l<zii -ii B +i + -i-ili+ n
+i l<zii (+ =ni- ti
PHYSICS
3
Answer : x = 5m, y = 3m
Solution : l<i ni n i+ (+ +i +i i t i y = 4 m = zi ti-i t
~i =- n =
le;
foLFkkiu
; ti l-ii- (+ =n ii t <i l-< ~i + n +i
-i-ili+ n l+=i + + l-< ii -i n: -zi ii + ~- l<zi ti-i t
ti n i+ n AB ii l-ii- + =ii=ii -zi ii +i ii -i ti t
~-. AB+i l<zii ~i =- -ii -i-ili+ n <i -i +i -i:ni
2.6 iua in {f<y ny u4i-ain )
~i=- -in l+=i =ni--in n - +i n: <i +i +n =ni--in = liil- + vi-- +- t
iua in =
kUrjky le;
r; nwjh dqy
aia :
~i =- -in tn zii i-in+ ti -i t l+ ~i =- n =l<zi ti - = . i-in+ i +iin+ + z ii ti =+-i t
~n +i +i nl- =iii ii + ~- l<zi -ii (+ ti l<zii n ti -i
~i=- n = ~i=- -in
=ini--i ~i =- -in. ~i =- n + lnii = ~li+ ti -i t
Example 3. ~n -<iti 1 n in 4 =+ P = Q-+ i- n n-i t -i -i:
(a) in -ii zin +i ~i =- -in`
(b) in -ii zin +i ~i =- n`
Solution : (a) in +i ~i=- -in =
4
100
nic=+= 25 nic=+
zin +i ~i=- -in =
5
50t
nic=+ = 10t nic=+
(b) in +i ~i=- n =
4
100
nic=+ = nic=+
zin +i ~i=- n =
5
100
nic=+ = 20 nic=+
PHYSICS
4
Example 4. (+ +i (+ =iii ii + ~- l<zi + n < i +i ~iii < i -in v
1
= -ii ~nni ~iii -in v
2
= -n-i t -i
+i +i ~i =- -in ti ni `
Solution : ni-i l+ +n <i 2s t
tni ~iii <i - +- n =n =
1
v
s
~i=- -in =
2
v
s
zii ~iii <i - +- n =n =
k le; x; fy;k dqy
r; nwjh dqy
=
2 1
v
s
v
s
s 2
+
=
2 1
2 1
v v
v v 2
+
Example 5. (+ l+- (+ =n ii + ~-l<zi +z =n + ln( (+=ni- n u
1
= nl- +-i t. -z-i- ---
ti =n + ln( (+=ni- n u
2
= nl- +-i t ~i=- n u +i ni- t
Answer :
2
v v
v
2 1
+
=
(ni)
Solution :
(+ l+- A = B, S < i -n-i t l=n tni S
1
< i t/2 =ni- t ~nni S
2
< i t/2 =ni- t
~- , v
1
=
2 / t
S
1
and v
2
=
2 / t
S
2
~i =- n =
le;
foLFkkiu
=
t
S S
2 1
+
=
t
2
t v
2
t v
2 1
+
=
2
v v
2 1
+
2.7 iua -i {f<y ny -ain )
l+=i l-lz-- =n + ni- + ln( ~i=- i +i tn l---i-=i liili- +- t
~i=- i =
kUrjky le;
ifjorZu esa osx
~i =- i (+ =l<zi ilzi t l=+i l<zii . n n l- - +i l<zii + ~- l<zi ti -i t
av
a
=
t
v
A
A
=
t
v v
i f
A

- l+ =n ii n nl- + ln( n (+ ii + ~- l<zi ti -i t . :=ln(
a
av
=
t
v
A
A
=
i f
i f
t t
v v
(ti v
f
-ii v
i
+i ni- (+ l<zii n i--l+ l--t + ~- =i i- t )
2.8 ai-+ifi+ -i {f+ut u4 s)
l+=i -ii i +i ni- -i-ili+ i +tni-i t :=+i n +i =n + =i -i ~+n- ++ vi-- l+i
i =+-i t tn -i-ili+ i +i l---i- =i v<lzi- +- t
a =
dt
dv
=
|
.
|
\
|
A
A
A t
v
lim
0 t
~i =ini--i
a
=
dt
v d
=
|
.
|
\
|
A
A
A t
v
lim
0 t
i +i lni LT
-2
-ii SI nizi+ nic= +
2
ti -i t
PHYSICS
5
3. + ifzi4i (QUANTITIES) +i ni+t4 fa=si
3.1 iua n
~i=- n ~n +i t = t
i
l-< P(x
i
) = n-i t -ii t = t
t
t Q(x
f
) t--i t
:=+i PQ~--in n ~i=- n V
av
=
t
x
A
A
=
i f
i f
t t
x x
ti t = zi t -i-i t l+ xt n i+ n l-< P-ii Q+i i - ini ii

(ii) +i cni- . ~i =- n -i-i t
x
Q
P
t
O
x
f
x
i
t
i
t
f
3.2 ai-+ifi+ n
xt n i+ n l<ii( ~- =i +i +i nl- l-< P-ii Q+ i- nil-( = = l-< Q+i P+ -<i+. ~i
-<i+ nii i-i t -i PQ(At, At', At'',......) + i- +i =ni--in zi i ti -i i-i t v + =ni--in
+ ln( ~i =- n =-l-i- l-< - ii (PQ, PQ', PQ''......) ti -i t . = = l-< Q,P +i -+ t --i
t . =ni--in zi - +i ~i t --i t -- -= =n l-< - ii l-< P -zi ii +i ~i t --i t
At 0, V
av
(=Ax/At) V
inst.
nlil- = At 0, ii PQ ii P -zi ii.
L
i
'
k
Z
j
s[
k
k
:=ln( P -i-ili+ n x t ni+ n P -zi ii + cni- + i ti ni x t ni+ +i cni-
i-in+ ti ni. v i-in+ ti ni ( =i l-< An l-zi n <zii i ni t ) C v +iin+ ti ni +i l+ -zi ii
+i +iin+ cni- tini l-0
a=0
a=0
Example 6. l+=i +i +i =n + =ii l-il- x =5t
2
+4t +3 + ,ii <i i-i t =n t =2 s n -ii i + ni- vi--
+i ?
Solution : n v =
dt
dx
= 10t + 4
t = 2 =c
v = 10(2) + 4
v = 24 nic/=+c
PHYSICS
6
i a =
2
2
dt
x d
= 10
i l-- t. :=ln( t = 2 =c
a = 10 nic/=+c
2
4. y+ uia n u nfa
ni-i (+ +i (+ =ni- n u, x = x
1
l-< = t = 0 nl- +-i zi +-i t
x, v, a + =ni+i tin : x (t) = x
i
+ ut ; v (t) = u ; a (t) = 0
- x t ni+ (+ =iii ii t. l=+i cni- x
i
= 4 t
- -l+ n l-- t. :=ln( v t ni+ (+ =iii ii ti ni
- at n i+ =n +i ~-i ti ti -i t +i l+ =ii -iii a = 0 t
u /kukRed gSA
<
k
y
=
u
x
O
x
i
t
<
k
y
=
u
u _ . kkRed gSA
v
O
u
t
/kukRed osx
v
O
u
t
_ . kkRed osx
5. y+ uia -fa nfa
~n (+ +i l+=i =n ~--in n l-- i = nl- +-i t -i nl- +i l+=i =ni--in n (+ =ni- l- nl-
+t- t (+ =iii ii + ~- l<zi l<( n( =ni--in n t =+ n (+ =ni- l- nl- + ln( l--- liini +i
-in n n =+- t
(a)
t
u v
a

=
(b)
2
u v
V
av
+
= (c) S= (v
av
)t
(d)
t
2
u v
S |
.
|
\
| +
=
(e) v = u + at
(f) s = ut + 1/2 at
2
s = vt 1/2 at
2
x
f
= x
i
+ ut + 1/2 at
2
(g) v
2
= u
2
+ 2as
(h) s
n
= u + a/2 (2n 1)
u = vil-i+ n (=ni--in + zi ~i- n )
a = i
v = ~l--n n (=ni--in + ~-- n )
s = l-ii- (x
f
x
i
)
x
f
= ~l--n l-<zii+ (l-il-)
x
i
= vil-i+ l-<zii+ (l-il-)
s
n
= n
th
=+ + =n l-ii-
PHYSICS
7
6. y+ utrit ii nfa uf<zi +t f<zii
(+ =iii ii ,ii nl- n . =ii =l<zi (l-il-. l-ii-. n -ii i) +i + n (+ i+ ti -i t (nl- +i l<zii n )
~i t =l<zi + ln( + n <i =-iil- l<zii( ti -i t
- -<iti + ln(. ~n (+ +i =iii ii (x~-i n ), nl- + ti t . <i l<zii( <ii -ii ii ~i t +i :
ii =l<zi i <ii l<zii n ti (+ i-in+ = i ,ii v<lzi - + =+- t -ii ii l<zii in +i +iin+
=i ,ii v<lzi- +- t
- - i -- -n nl- + ln( -i l<zii +i i-in+ -ii -i- +i l<zii +i +iin+ n =+- t
- ( =i -- ( i i +i =-t + -<i+ nl- + ti t -i -= (+nizi nn- ini n ii (mg) ti ni ~ii -
i +i n i+ii li -i :=ln( := -t +i nl- n tn zii a = g ~ii- a = 9.8 nic= c
2
(+iin+
l--t. +i l+ n -ii i <i -i -i- +i ~i t . ~n tn - +i l<zii +i i-in+ n -i )
aia :
~n i +i l<zii n +i l<zii (+ ti t -i +i +i -in c -i t
~n i +i l<zii n +i l<zii + li- t -i -in i-i t ~ii - +i iini ti i-i t t l-il- n <- +i
l-il- +tni-i t
Example 7. (+ +i (+ =ni- i = (+ =iii ii + ~- l<zi n 10 nic= c = nl- + ti t + z =n i< :=+i
n 30 nic= c ti i-i t . i + n l-< +i +i n +i ti ni `
Solution : ni-i l+ +n <i 2x t
n l-< -+ - +i n: <i x t
ni-i l+ n l-< n v t
-ii i a t
nl- +i =ni+i ,ii
v
2
= 10
2
+ 2ax ____ (1)
30
2
= v
2
+ 2ax ____ (2)
(2) - (1) gives
v
2
- 30
2
= 10
2
- v
2
v
2
= 500
v =
5 10
m/s
Example 8. lnc zini ~-i +i +i l-- i = + nni- t -i 200 nic +i <i n n 25 nic=c = 15 nic=c
t i-i t
(a) := ~--in n l+--i =n nni `
(b) i +i ti ni `
(c) ~n t nni-i :=i l-- i = + nni-i -in i -i -= +- n l+--i =n nnni. ~i
t l+--i ~l-l+ <i - + ni `
Solution : (a) tn n +i l<zii +i l-< zii + zl- n i-in+ l<zii n - t -ii n n l-< +i x
i
= 0 n - t
i+-i (braking)zi +- t -i vil-i+ n t = 0 u
x
= +25 nic=c tini -ii =n t = 0
n v
x
= +15 nic=c -ii l-il- x = 200 nic tini
- l+ i l-- t ~i =- n l+=i ~--in n vil-i+ -ii ~l--n n + ~i =- = l-+in =+- t
v
av, x
=
2
1
(u
x
+ v
x
) =
2
1
(15 + 25) = 20 m/s.
PHYSICS
8
~i =- n +i v
av, x
=
t
x
A
A
ii lni =+- t
x A
= 200 nic -ii
t A
= t 0 n- t ( . t + ln(
tn + =+- t
t =
x av,
v
x
=
20
200
= 10 s.
(b) ~ tn i +i v
x
= u
x
+ a
x
t
a
x
=
t
u v
x x

=
10
25 5 1
= 1 nic=c
2
- l+ i +iin+ t . :=+i ~i t l+ i-in+ n +i ni- + nni- = zi i ti -i i-i t ( =i
~ l-i- t )
(c) ~ i + ai- ni- = +i + n u
x
= 25 nic= c = v
x
= 0 -+ i- n + n =n +i ni-i +
=+- t
t =
x
x x
a
u v
=
1
25 0
= 25 =+
+n - <i
x = x
i
+ u
x
t +
2
1
a
x
t
2
= 0 + (25)(25) +
2
1
(1)(25)
2
= 625 312.5 = 312.5 ni
~l-l+- - +i ni <i = 312.5 200 = 112.5 ni
Example 9. (+ ln= :-= + i ,ii -i +i =iii = + izi + ti t i ~li+-n -in v ((+ =ni- nil-()
= i ti t i -i = d 
Solution : ni-i l+ -i ni =i: l+n zi ti - + t =n i< +i i-i t := =ni--in n ni=i:l+n ,ii -
+i n: 
or,,
2ad v >
Example 10. (+ ~i<ni = = 40 miz i i t = 1 m/sec
2
+ l-- i = -n-i i-i +-i t -=i -ii ~i<ni
9 m/s +i l-- -in = nl- i-i +-i t ~i<ni ,ii = +i +- n nni =n ai- +i
x = 0
t = 0
40 m t = 0
x = 40
1m/sec
2
Solution : = + ln(, x = x
0
+ ut +
2
1
at
2
= 40 + (0) (t) +
2
1
(1) t
2
= 9t
9t = 40 +
2
t
2
or t
2
18t + 80 = 0
t = 8 or t = 10.
PHYSICS
9
Example 11. (+ +i +i 100 nic +i --i: = lnii i-i t -ii <= +i +i n 50 nic=c + n = -=i ii +
~-l<zi - +i ~i + +i i-i t -= l-il- + i n -i:. ti <i-i +i lnn- t
Solution : ni-i l+ - +i l<zii i-in+ ti
ni-i l+ +i ni- = y <i lnn- t
+i A+ ln(
y
0
= + 100 nic
u = 0 nic=c
a = 10 nic=c
2
y = 100 + 0(t)
2
1
10
t
2
[y = y
0
+ ut +
2
1
at
2
]
= 100 - 5t
2
---- (1)
+i B + ln( y
0
= 0 nic
u = + 50 nic=c
a = 10 nic=c
2
y = 50(t)
2
1
10
t
2
= 50t 5t
2
--------- (2)
vz-i-=i 50t 5t
2
= 100 5t
2
t = 2 =c
t = 2 =c. =ni+i (1) n i-
y = 100 20 = 80 nic
:=ln( +i ni- = 80 nic --i: lnnn
Example 12 (+ +i i = zi i i-i t t ii i-i t l+ ~-i izii + ~l--n = + n t 45 ni +i < i -
+-i t i +i --i: -i: `
Solution : ni-i l+ izii +i + n =n n = + t
) 1 2 (
2
+ = n
a
u s
n
+i -in +-
45 = 0 +
2
10
) 1 2 ( n n = 5 =c
i +i --i:
h =
2
1
gt
2
=
2
1
10
5
2
= 125 m
7. vfaf+4i u4
ll-il- tni -i-ili+ l+i +i - -i-i t tn vl-l+i + . :=n + z =n -i nn-i t vl-l+i =n t
ti -i t l+ < i-i t. =i--i t ~i vl-l+i +-i t
Example 13. 5 m/s + (+ =ni- n = - i- t ( n i = (+ i zi i i-i t i zi i i-i t - n ii
ii-n 60 m--i: l-i- t i ii-n = +i-i t -i := =n n i +i ii-n = --i: ti ni
l<i t g = 10 m/s
2
.
Solution : S = ut +
2
1
at
2
60 = 5(t) +
2
1
(10) t
2
60m
+ve
ve
60 = 5t 5t
2
5t
2
5t 60 = 0
t
2
t 12 = 0
t
2
4t + 3t 12 = 0
(t 4) (t + 3) = 0
t = 4
:= -ii ni +i ii-n = --i: = 60 + 4 5 = 80 m
PHYSICS
10
Example 14. (+ n ii 2 m/sec
2
+ i = - -a ti t <i ii +i n i = 2 sec. + ~--in zi i i-i t
<= i +i zi- + 1 sec. i< <i-i ii + n <i t
Solution : n i +i i = 2 m/sec
2
ni-i t = 0, y = 0 tni i zi i i-i t
(-i i - +i +iin+ -ii -i- +i ~i i-in+ n - )
y
1
= 0 t
1
+
2
1
gt
1
2
=ni+i =
in i +i l-il- =
2
9
g
(l,-i i zi - + 1 = . z-i- in i 3 = . ln - +i ti ni )
< = i + ln( y
2
= ut
2
+
2
1
gt
2
2
u = 0 + at = 2 2 = 4m/s (-ii - +i +iin+ -ii -i- +i ~i i-in+ n- )
y
2
= 4 1 +
2
1
g (1)
2
(t
2
= 1 second)
2 second i< < =i i zi i i-i t
y =
2
1
at
2
=
2
1
2 4 = 4
:=ln(, n n l-< = < = i +i l-il- = 4 +
2
1
g 4
<i -i ii + i- +i < i =
2
1
g 9
2
1
g 1 + 8 = 48 m.
aia : i n i = ~nn ti -i t -i :=+i n . n i + n + i ti -i t . :=+i i n i i
g + i ti-i t
8. un it4 ut+i, ni+, cin (riai-+, wii-+, zi-4 cin)
l< u =n ii ,ii x ~-i = -ii +ii ti -ii 0 s u < 180, u = 90 - =n ii +i cin m, m = tan
u ti-i t l< u = 90 ti -i m +i ~l-- -ti tini -- =n ii y~-i + =ni-- tini l< u = 0 ti
-i m = 0, =n ii x ~-i + =ni-- ti ni
cin : y = mx + c =n ii +i =ni+i t l=+i cin m -ii i y~-i y = c = i= ti -i t
m = cin = tanu =
dx
dy
PHYSICS
11
9. sn4 +ut+i, ni+ (as, at, <i4, i4 fifa4i + uii)
x
y
y = kx
2
x
y
y = kx
2
x
y
x = ky
2
x
y
x = ky
2
ti k i-in+ l--i+ t
sn4 ut+i
fifa (i) :
y = ax
2
+ bx + c
a > 0 + ln(
x
y
n +i i =ni+i x
2
= ky + ~-=i tini
y +i ---n ni- ziii y
- --n
=
a 4
D
ti D = b
2
4ac tini
ziii + l-<zii+ = |
.
|
\
|
a 4
D
,
a 2
b
fifa (ii) : a < 0
x
y
n +i i =ni+i x
2
= ky + i + =ni- ti ni
y +i ~li+-n ni- ziii y
~li+-n
=
a 4
D
ti D = b
2
4ac ti ni
10. y+ uia -i u nfa ni+ fii (a =0)
- x, t + 0
t
0
x
i
x
a < 0
t
0
x-t ni+
- v, t + <i n (+ ii-i =ni+i ti ni :=ln( vt ni+ cni- +i (+ =iii ii ti ni
a _.kkRed gSA
<
y
ku
=
a
v
u
t
0
v-t ni+
- at n i+ (+ -i l- ii ti ni +i l+ a i-in+ t
PHYSICS
12
a-t ni+
11. + i ni+ +i fa=si (Interpretation)
11.1 fifa u4 + r4 ni+
(i) zi-4 n
- l+ t =n +i +i l-il- =n + =i -i l-lz-- t .
:=ln( -- lin n t
cni-
dt
dx
= tanu = tan 0 = 0 +i +i n zi - t
( i i ) y+ uia n
-l+ tanu l-- t
tanu =
dt
dx
dt
dx
l-- t +i +i n l-- tini
(i i i ) uia n {u4 + uii ca ry)
:= l-il- n
- l+ =n c ti t . u ii c ni
dt
dx
= tanu ii c-i t
:=ln( +i +i n c ti t
( i v) uia n {u4 + uii iaa ry)
:= l-il- n
== =n c-i t. u i-i t
dt
dx
= tanu ii i-i t
:=ln( +i +i n ii i ti t
11.2 n u4 ni+
( i ) zi-4 -i
n l-- t
tanu = 0
dt
dv
= 0
:=ln( i zi - t
( i i ) y+ uia -i
tanu l-- t
dt
dv
= l--i+
:=ln( t l-- i +i -i-i t
PHYSICS
13
(i i i ) y+ uia <a
-l+ u > 90
tanu l-- t -ii +iin+ t
dt
dv
= +iin+ l--i+
:=ln( t (+ l-- n<- v<lzi- +ni
11.3 -iu4 ni+
( i ) fa4a -i
tanu = 0
dt
da
= 0
:=ln(, i l-- t
( i i ) y+ uia cai ri -i
u l-- t
0 0
dt
da
= tanu = l--i+ > 0
:=ln( i =n + =ii (+ =ni- = c-i t
(i i i ) y+ uia f<a -i
-l+ u > 90
tanu l-- -ii +iin+ t
dt
da
= +iin+ l--i+
:=ln( i =n + =ii . (+ =ni- = i-i t
Example 15. (+ +i i l-zii- =i (+ =iii ii n c ti t +i l-ii- =n n i+ l<iii ni t :=+i n =n
-ii i =n n i+ +i ti ni
Solution :
x = 4t
2
v =
dt
dx
= 8t
:=ln(, n =n ni+ (+ =iii ii tini, l=+i cni- tanu = 8 t
a =
dt
dv
= 8
:=ln(, i =ii nt l-- t i 8 + i t
PHYSICS
14
Example 16. 100 m, +i - -i: = (+ +i A+i V= 10 m/s = - +i ~i -ii B
+i +i V= 10 m/s = -i- +i ~i -ii +i C+i V= 0 m/s = zi i
i-i t + +i ni+ -i:
(i) l-ii- =n
(ii) -in =n
(iii) n =n
(iv) i =n
Solution : (a) +i A+ fny
(i) l-ii- =n / y = ut +
2
1
at
2
u = + 10 m/sec
2
y = 10t
2
1
xt
2
= 10 t 5t
2
dt
dy
= 10 10 t = 0
t = 1
10t 5t
2
= 100
t
2
2t 20 = 0
t = 5.5 sec.
(ii) -in =n
(iii) n =n
(iv) i =n
V = u + at
V = 10 10t
PHYSICS
15
10
R
o
j
.
k
l e;
(B) +i B+ fny
(i) y = 10t 5t
2
(ii)
p
k
y
l e;
dt
dy
=
dt
d
(10t 5t
2
) = 10 10t
(iii)
10
o
sx
l e;
t
(iv)
10
R
o
j
.
k
l e;
PHYSICS
16
(C) +i C+ fny :
(i) (ii)
(iii) V = u + at (iv)
10 m/s
R
o
j
.
k
l e;
V = 10t
10
o
sx
l e;
20
20
12. v - t ni+ u fiisa
l-ii- = Ax = vt n i+ +i -i zi+n - l+ +iin+ n + +ii +iin+ l-ii- ti -i
t :=ln( =n ~-i + -i- +i -i zi+n . +iin+ lni i-i t
:=i -t tn Av = a At < i =+- t l+ a-t n i+ +i -i zi+n . n n l- - (Av). -=
=ni--in n v<i- +-i t
Example 17. l<( n( l-zii-=i n=n ni+ n . nl- +i =nni:( `
(a) (b)
Solution : (a) -ain AB+ <iia : i-in+ l<zii n nl- +- t ( n. i-in+ ti -i t n l+- t i (v-t+
+i cni-) +iin+ ti - = iini ti-i i-i t
-ain BC+ <iia +i lin n t-i t +i l+ n zi - t i ii zi - t )
CD-ain + <iia n +iin+ ti -i t :=ln( +i +iin+ l<zii n i ti ti -i t -ii -=+i
-in c ti ti -i t +i l+ i ii +iin+ t )
(b) AB-ain + <iia : +i l-- n d = i-in+ l<zii n i ti t ~i i z i- t
BC-ain + <iia : n i-in+ t . :=ln( +i i-in+ l<zii n i ti t n l+- t iini ti -i
i ti t -+ t + -ti i-i +i l+ i +iin+ t
CD-ain + <iia : n +iin+ t . :=ln( +i +iin+ l<zii n i ti t ~i -in c ti
t +i l+ i ii +iin+ t
PHYSICS
17
r4ia ia 4i4 ia
(+ =ni- l- nl- + ln( (a = 0), xt + . n t (- +i -+ n t i ni t ~i . ~n a > 0 t -ii -i- +i
-+ n t i ni t ~i . ~n a< 0 t n + l+=i l-< -zi ii +i cni- -= =n n -i-i t
(+ =ni- l- nl- (a = 0) + ln( vt ni+ (+ =iii ii t l=+i cni- +i +i i -i-i t
=ini- = . xt ni+ +i -zi ii +i cni- . n -ii vt n -zi ii +i cni- i +i v<lzi - +-i t
at n i+ +i -i zi+n n n l- - +i v<lzi - +-i t
vt n i+ +i -i zi+n +i ,ii - < i +i v<lzi - +-i t . ~n tn =ii -i zi+n +i i-in+ n
vt n i+ +i -i zi+n l-ii- +i v<lzi - +-i t l< tn t-~-i = -i- -i zi+n +i +iin+ n
Example 18. x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- +- (+ +i +i n=n n i+ l-zii- =i l<iii
ni t +i ,ii - <i -ii l-ii- -i:
Solution : - < i = v-t n i+ +i -i zi+n (=ii -i zi+n +i i-in+ n - t ()
- < i = =nn- -- i +i -i zi+n+ lzii +i -i zi+n
=
( ) 8 6 2
2
1
+
+
5 4
2
1

= 32 + 10
= 42 nic
l-ii- =v-t n i+ +i -i zi+n (x- ~-i + -i- +i -i zi+n -ve n - t ()
l-ii- = =nn- -- i +i -i zi+n lzii +i -i zi+n
=
( ) 8 6 2
2
1
+

5 4
2
1

= 32 10 = 22 nic
:=ln( - <i = 42 nic ~i l-ii- = 22 nic
13. uia -i u nfa (fafza ui+na +i as4in)
Ax =
}
f
i
t
t
dt ) t ( v (t = t
i
= t
f
-+ l-ii-)
<ii ~i ini iin t = t
i
= t = t
f
-+ v(t) l-lz-- =ni+n- +tni-i t
:=i -t n n l--
Av = v
f
v
i
=
}
f
i
t
t
dt ) t ( a
13.1 aa vzai +i rn fu uia -i uifra r
( i ) -i i nv 4i u4 t s fai +ai r
i +i liiii = a =
dt
dv
~n a +i ni- t + <i n t }
v
v
0
dv
=
}
t
0
dt ) t ( a
~n a ; v + <i n t } }
=
t
0
v
v
dt
) v ( a
dv
0
=ni+n-
+- tn v -ii t + n =--i lnn-i t ~i -
PHYSICS
18
}
x
x
0
dx
=
}
t
0
dt ) t ( v , +i -i n +- . x -ii t +i ii (+ < = = =-l-i- l+i i =+-i t
(i i ) n aii fifa x s uf-ria -i
a =
dt
dv
a =
dx
dv
dt
dx
a =
dt
dx
dx
dv
a = v
dx
dv
t i +i <=i n < t
~n a, x l-i +-i t
}
v
v
0
dv v
=
}
x
x
0
dx ) x ( a
.
~n a ,v l-i +-i t
} }
=
x
x
v
v
0 0
dx
) v ( a
dv v
=ni+n- +- t( x ~i v + i- =--i vi-- ti-i t }
x
x
0
) x ( v
dx
= }
t
0
dt
+i -in +-
tn x -ii t +i =-l-i- + =+- t
Example 19. (+ -- t = 0 nl- vi-i +-i t ~i a = 6t +i < = l- ti-i t -i -i:
(a) :=+i n ~i (b) l+=i =n t l-ii- ?
Solution : - l+ =n i +i +n- t
} }
=
t
t
v(t)
) v(t
0 0
a(t)dt dv
ti t
0
= 0 -ii v(t
0
) = 0
v(t) = }
t
0
6tdt
=
0
t
2
t
6
2
|
|
.
|
\
|
= 6 (
2
t
2
- 0) = 3t
2
:=ln( v(t) = 3t
2
-l+ }
= A
t
t
0
v(t)dt x
}
= A
t
0
2
dt 3t x
=
0
t
3
t
3
3
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
0
3
t
3
3
= t
3
ti n v(t) = 3t
2
-ii l-ii-
3
t = Ax
tin
Example 20. i-in+x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- + t +i +i i a = x = l<i i-i t l-il- +i =n + +n- n ai-
+i l<i ni t l+ t = 0 x = 1, v = 1
Solution : a = x
dx
vdv
= x
2
v
2
=
2
x
2
+ C
t = 0, x = 1 -ii v = 1
C = 0 v
2
= x
2
v = x l+-- l<i ni t x = 1 v = 1
v = x
dt
dx
= x
x
dx
= dt
nx = t + C 0 = 0 + C nx = t
x = e
t
PHYSICS
19
Example 21. x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- + t +i +i i a = v ,ii l<i i-i t -i =n + +n- n l-il- ai- +i
l<i ni t l+ t = 0 x = 0, v = 1
Solution : a = v
dt
dv
= v
}
v
dv
=
}
dt
nv = t + c 0 = 0 + c
v = e
t

dt
dx
= e
t
}
dx
=
}
dt e
t
x = e
t
+ c
0 = 1 + c
x = e
t
1
Problem 1. (+ +i . + n ) =
le; dqy k x;k fy;
nwjh dqy
< v > =
2 1
v 4
s
v 4
s 3
s
+
=
2 1
v 4
1
v 4
3
1
+
=
2 1
2 1
v 3 v
v v 4
+
Problem 2. (+ +i -in 60 Km/h = -ii (+ -ii 90 km/h -in = (+
ti l<zii + ~- l<zi l-zii- =i nl- +- t -ii -= =n -+
l+--i <i - +ni +i -+ t--i t `
240 m
Answer : 360 m
Solution : -+ t-- n +i ,ii lni ni =n (t) =
hr / km 60
m 240
= hr
60
24 . 0
~ := =ni--in n -ii ,ii - +i ni <i (s) =
60
24 . 0
90
= 0.12 3 km = 360 m.
Problem 3 X-~-i + ~-l<zi nl- + t +i +i l-il- x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct + D. ,ii <i i-i t A, B, C -ii
D +i nli-i ni- +nzi 1, 4, -2 -ii 5 t -ii SI nizi+ +i -i n l+i i-i t
(a) A, B, C -ii D, +i lni(
(b) +i +i t = 4 =c n
(c) +i +i t = 4 =c i
(d) =ni--in t =0 -ii t = 4 + n ~i=- n
(e) =ni--in t = 0 -ii t = 4 + n ~i=- i
Answer : (a) [A] = [LT
-3
], [B] = [LT
-2
], [C] = [LT
-1
] and [D] = [L] ; (b) 78 m/s ;
(c) 32 m/s
2
; (d) 30 m/s ; (e) 20 m/s
2
PHYSICS
20
Solution : As x = At
3
+ Dt
2
+ Ct + D
(a) A, B, C -ii D +i lni ,
[At
3
] = [x] (=n-i l-n =)
[A] = [LT
3
]
:=i -t, [B] = [LT
-2
], [C] = [LT
-1
] and [D] = [L] ;
(b) v =
dt
dx
= 3At
2
+ 2Bt + C
t = 4 sec. n
v = 3(1) (4)
2
+ 2(4) (4) 2 = 78 m/s.
(c) i (a) =
dt
dv
= 6At + 2B ; a = 32 m/s
2
(d) ~i=- n. +il+ x = At
3
+ Bt
2
+ Ct = D
t = 0, l-il-. x = D = 5m. t
t = 4 sec l-il- (1)(64) + (4)(16) (2) (4) + 5 = 125 m
:=ln 0 = 4 sec. + <ii- l-ii- 125 5 = 120 m
< v > = 120 / 4 = 30 m/s
(e) v = 3At
2
+ 20 t + C , t = 0 n c = 2 m/s
t = 4 sec n 78 m/s t < a > =
1 2
1 2
t t
v v
= 20 m/s
2
Problem 4. x-~-i + ~-l<zi nl- +- +i +i n =n + +n- + n v = 2t
2
+ sint ,ii l+i i-i t
t = 0 +i n ni-ii t =n + <i n l-il- l-< zii+ -i:(?
Answer : 1 t cos t
3
2
x
3
+ =
Solution : v = 2t
2
+ sin t
dt
dx
= 2t
2
+ sin t }
x
0
dx
=
dt ) t sin t 2 (
t
0
2
}
+
x =
3
2
t
3
cos t + 1
Problem 5. (+ +i -in 20 nic= c = n l<- ti + 100 nic +i < i - +- + z-i- lin n ~i i-i t
i +i ni- +i ti ni. ni-i i l-- ti
Answer : 2 m/s
2
Solution : v = 0 u = 20 m/s s = 100 m as v
2
= u
2
+ 2 as
0 = 400 + 2a 100 a = 2 m/s
i = 2 m/s
2
Problem 6. 150 nic n-i n lin = l- ti -i t ~n n +i ~nni l=i n +n -ii + i= = . - zi-
= 50 nic +i < i 25 nic= c = n -i t -i n + lzn lt-= +i -in +i ti ni t +n -ii
+ i= = n-i t
Answer : 50 m/s
Solution : v
2
= u
2
+ 2as
25 25 = 0 + 100 a
a =
4
25
m/s
2
~ nnii + lzn lt-= + +n -ii + i= = n - n nni =n + ln
PHYSICS
21
tn i-- t l+ v
2
= v
2
+ 2al = (25)
2
+ 2
48
25
150
v
2
= 25 25 4
v = 50 m/s.
Problem 7 (+ +i +i - +i ~i 20 ni= c = + +i i-i t ai- +il(
(a) tn 3 =+ n +i ,ii - <i `
(b) 3 = + n +i +i l-ii- `
Answer : 25m, 15m
Solution : ----n l-<. ni-i B t
V
B
= 0
v = u + gt
0 = 20 10 t
t = 2 sec.
il-i+ 2 s n - +i ni <i
s = s(t = 0 = t = 2s ) + s (2s = 3s)
s = [ut + 1/2 at
2
]
t = 0 to t = 2 s
+ [ut +1/2at
2
]
t = 2 to t = 3 s
s = 20 2 1/2 10 4 + 1/2 10 1
2
= (40 20) + 5 = 25 m.
-ii l-ii- = 20 5 = 15 m.
Problem 8. (+ +i lini-ii = nl- vi-i + + z =n -+ o i = l- ti -i t :=+ i< l-- n <- | = n l<-
ti- t( lini-ii n ~i i-i t l< +n -i- =n t t -i +i +i ~li+-n n ai- +i
Solution : t = t
1
+ t
2
v
max
O
o |
t
2
t
1
B
A
V
t
OA + +i cin = tanu = o =
1
max
t
v
AB + +i cin = | =
2
max
t
v
t = t
1
+ t
2
t =
o
max
v
+
|
max
v
v
max
=
t
|
|
.
|
\
|
| + o
| o
Problem 9. -i+- vz- n +i ,ii t =n n - + n < i ai- +i `
Answer :
) ( 2
t
2
| + o
o|
Solution : v
~li+-n
= t
) ( | + o
| o
t
1
=
o
vf/kdre
v
=
) (
t
| + o
|
t
2
=
|
vf/kdre
v
=
) (
t
| + o
o
+i ,ii t =n n - +i ni +n <i
=
2
1
t
2
1
o + v
~li+-n
t
2

2
2
t
2
1
|
=
2
2 2
) (
t
2
1
| + o
o|
+
2
2 2
) (
t
| + o
| o
2
2 2
) (
t
2
1
| + o
|o
=
) (
t
2
1
2
| + o
o|
~ii + ~--n- -izi+n
PHYSICS
22
Problem 10. (+ +i i l-zii- =i (+ =iii ii n nl- + ti t , +i l-ii-
=n n i+ l<iii ni t n=n -ii i =n n i+ +i ti ni`
Solution : as +t f<zii +i riai-+ aii at +t f<zii +i wii-+ fn4i n4i r+
t
v
Problem 11. l< n n=n ni+ = l-ii-=n -ii i=n ni+ -i:`
t
1
t
2
v
t
3
t
Solution:
t
1
t
2
t
3
t
s
t
1
t
3
t
2
a
t
Problem 12.
x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- + t (+ +i + ln n i+ l< n t + l-il- n +i ,ii 10 s n - +i ni
<i ai- +i
Answer : (a) 100m; (b) 50m
PHYSICS
23
Solution : (a) v - t n i+ +i -i zi+n < i t
<i = 10 10 = 100 m
(b) v t n i+ + -i- +i -i zi+n
<i =
2
1
10 10 = 50 m
Problem 13. x-~-i + ~- l<zi nl- +- +i +i i
2
2v a = ,ii l<i i-i t ~n +i +i x = 0 -in v
0
t -i :=+i -in x + <i n ai- +il(
Answer :
2x
0
e v v =
Solution : a = 2v
2
or
dt
dv
= 2v
2
or
dx
dv
dt
dx
= 2v
2
v
dx
dv
= 2v
2

dx
dv
= 2v }
v
v
0
v
dv
= }
x
0
dx 2
| |
v
v
0
nv = | |
x
0
x 2
0
v
v
n
= 2x v = v
0
e
2x

Kinematics Theory - H

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Kinematics Theory - H

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PHYSICS

n -ii -in +i lni[LT

ti t = zi t -i-i t l+ xt n i+ n l-< P-ii Q+i i - ini ii

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