Eclipses

Minda Kreatif

The apparatus shown above is to simulate a natural phenomenon that involves

the Sun, the Moon and the Earth.

(i) What is the phenomenon shown above?

__________________________________________________________

(ii) How does the phenomenon occur?

____________________________________________________________

(iii) Can you observe the phenomenon shown above at all places on Earth and at
the same time?

_____________________________________________________________

(iv) What is represented by the torchlight, the ping pong ball and the globe?

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Section A - PAPER 1

Multiple Choice Questions 1 – 3

Choose the correct answer.

Construct : Knowledge in science

Level : easy
1. Which of the following properties of light causes eclipses to occur?
Reflection of light
A
Refraction of light
B
Dispersion of light
C
Light travels in a straight line.
D
Construct : Understanding in science
Level : Moderate
2 Which of the following is true about the eclipse of the Moon.
Can only be seen by people living at the Earth’s equator.
A
A partial eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Moon is in the umbra
B region.
The eclipse of the Moon occurs at a very short period of time.
C
The eclipse of the Moon occurs when the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
D are aligned in a straight line.

Construct : Understanding in science

Level : Moderate
3 Which of the following shows the correct positions of the Earth, the Sun and
the Moon during a lunar eclipse?

2
 B

Answer & Explanation

Section A

1. Answer D

Explanation
Since light travels in a straight line, a shadow is formed
when the path of the light is blocked by an opaque object.

2. Answer D

Explanation
Option A is wrong because the eclipse of the Moon can be
seen anywhere on Earth.
Option B is wrong because q partial eclipse of the Moon
occurs when the Moon is in the penumbra region.

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 Option C is wrong because an eclipse of the Moon occurs

3. Answer: B

Explanation
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is between the Sun
and the Moon.

Pengurusan Grafik

Rujukan

The Eclipse Phenomenon

1. The Earth revolves around the Sun and at the same time
the Moon revolves around the Earth.

2. The position of the Moon, and the Earth changes

continuously in their respective orbits. At certain times, the
Sun, Earth and the Moon are aligned in a straight line. At
such time, eclipses occur.

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3. There are two types of eclipse;
(i) Eclipse of the moon or lunar eclipse.
(ii) Eclipse of the sun or solar eclipse.

4. One of the properties of light is that it travels in a straight

line. When the ray of light is blocked by an opaque object, a
shadow is formed.

5. The Earth and the moon are opaque objects. When sunlight
is blocked by the Earth or the Moon, the Earth’s or the
Moon’s shadow is formed.

6. There are 2 types of the Earth’s or the Moon’s shadow that

can be formed.

(i) Umbra – a dark shadow region

(ii) Penumbra – a light shadow region. This region receives

a little bit of sunlight.

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Eclipse Of The Moon

1. An eclipse of the Moon occurs if;

(a) The Earth, the Moon and the Sun are in a straight line.
(b) The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon

2. The shadow of the Earth falls on the surface of the Moon.

This causes the Moon not to be seen for a while when
observed from the Earth.

3. When the Moon is in the penumbra region, a partial eclipse

of the Moon is observed. At this point, the moon looks like a
crescent when observed from the Earth.

4. When the Moon is in the umbra region, a total eclipse of the

Moon is observed. The Moon cannot be seen at all from the
Earth.

5. A lunar eclipse lasts longer than a solar eclipse because the

shadow of the Earth is bigger than that of the Moon.

The photograph above shows the phases of the moon as

seen in the city of Geneva on 16 September, 1997.

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 The picture is taken by Martial Trezzini.

Tip

Important notes to remember on eclipses;

• How it happens
• Why it happens

• The position of the Sun the Moon and the Earth

when it happens

Eclipses

Lembaran Kerja

Fill in the blanks with the correct words taken from the box above.

1. A shadow is formed when the path of light is blocked by an _________object.

2. The dark region area is known as the ________whereas the light region is
known as the ____________.

3. The eclipse of the moon occurs when ___________is situated between the
Moon and the Sun.

4. When the Moon is in the penumbra region. It looks __________in shape when
seen from the Earth.

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Answers

1. opaque

2. umbra, penumbra

3. Earth

4. crescent

Friction

Minda Kreatif

1. Push a toy truck on the surface of a table. What happens to the toy truck?

______________________________________________________

2. The toy truck will finally slows down and come to a stop. Why does this
happen?

______________________________________________________

3. Now push the same toy truck on a smoother surface such as a piece of glass.
Do you observe any changes in the movement of the toy truck?

______________________________________________________

4. Put some weights on the toy truck and push it across the surface of the table
as in (1). Does the toy truck stop faster or slower than the previous time?

______________________________________________________

5. What conclusion can you make from this activity?

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 ______________________________________________________

BIMBINGAN
Construct : Understanding in science
Level : Easy
1 Which of the following surfaces will produce the greatest frictional force?
Glass
A
Silk cloth
B
Plywood
C
Sand paper
D
Construct : Understanding in science
Level : Moderate
2 Which of the following statements is true about frictional force?
I Friction produces heat.
II Friction opposes motion.
III Friction can be reduced by using ball bearings.
I The distance travelled by a moving object is shorter when there is more
V friction.

I and II only
A
II and III only
B
I, II and III only
C
I, II, III and IV
D
Construct : Aplication in science
Level : Moderate
3 Which of the following is the application of friction in everyday life?
I Using spikes or studs on the bottom of shoes.
II Using tread patterns on shoes and tyres.
III Applying resin on the bow of violins.
I Rubbing chalk on the tip of the billiard cue.
V

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 I and II only
A
I and III only
B
I, II and III only
C
I, II, III and IV
D
Construct : Analysis in science
Level : Difficult
4 In which of the following situations is the frictional force the greatest
friction?

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Answer & Explanation
1.Answer B

Explanation
In comparison, the sand paper has the roughest surface.
Hence it will produce the greatest frictional force.

2.Answer D

Explanation
All of the above is correct.

3.Answer A

Explanation
All of the options are correct.

4.Answer C

Explanation
All wooden blocks are of the same weight. Hence the
amount of force exerted is the same. The only difference
is the type of surface. The concrete surface is the
roughest and therefore will produce the greatest friction.

Tips

To answer this question, the pupils must analyse all the

situations carefully and make conclusions based on the
information given. Pupils must identify the fixed variable in
all four situations (in this case, the weight of the wooden
block). The fixed variable will contribute the same effect on
all four situations. Then identify the manipulated variable (in
this case, the type of surface). Choose the manipulated
variable that will produce the greatest friction.

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Notes

FRICTION

• Frictional force or friction is a force generated when

two surfaces come into contact.

• Friction always acts in the opposite direction of

motion.

• Friction slows down a moving object.

• Rough surfaces produces more friction than a

smooth one.

• Frictional force is greater when an object is heavier.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT FRICTION

Weight Of Object – The heavier the object the greater is

the friction.

Example : A bigger box is more difficult to push than a

smaller box across the same surface.

Type of surface - A rougher surface will produce more

friction than a smoother surface.

Example: The same box will be harder to push on a

wooden surface compared to a glass surface.

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Interaction Among Living Things

Minda Kreatif

A group of year 6 pupils carry out an investigation to determine the effect of planting plants
close to each other and further from each other.

Pot A contains plants that are planted close to each other whereas Pot B contains plants that
are planted further from each other. The plants are planted in two pots of the same size and
filled with the same amount and type of soil. The plants in both pots are of the same species
and received the same amount of nutrients and water.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the condition of the plants after a few weeks.

1. Which plants show a better growth?

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. Why do the plants in pot A have poor growth?

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. What kind of interaction occurs among the plants in both pots?

……………………………………………………………………………………

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4. What do the plants in both pots compete for?

……………………………………………………………………………………

5. What can be done to relieve the condition in Pot A?

……………………………………………………………………………………

Analisa Soalan

Section A
Questions 1 - 3
Choose the correct answer .

1 Competition exists among living things that

live in the same habitat.
A
need the same resources.
B
are of the same species.
C
need the same and limited resources.
D
2 Animals that live in the same habitat compete for
I water
II food
III mate
I sunlight
V
I and II only
A
II and III only
B
I, II and III only
C
I, II and IV only
D
3 Which of the following is the way in which plants with soft stems compete with bigger and
taller trees for sunlight?
By producing more chlorophyll to absorb sunlight
A
By having a sturdier and stronger root system.

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 B
By climbing bigger trees
C
By having bigger leaves
D
4 The diagram shows a food web in a community.

Which animal is the source of competition among the eagle and the snake?.
Rat
A
Robin
B
Paddy plant
C
Rat and robin
D
5 A farmer puts 15 rabbits in a small cage and provide s them with limited food. Which of the
following will not reduce the competition among the rabbits?
Increasing the food supply.
A
Removing a few rabbits from the cage.
B
Putting the rabbits in a bigger cage.
C
Putting the rabbits in a smaller cage.

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 D

SECTION B

Write your answer in the space providen below.

Azizul and Amin are having a conversation in Pak Hamid’s and Pak Busu’s
orchard.
Azizul :Wow, the rambutans in Pak Hamid’s orchard are big and abundant.

Amin :Yes, you are right Azizul, but the rambutans in Pak Busu’s orchard
are small and less abundant.

Azizul Did you also notice that Pak Busu’s orchard is full of weeds and
undergrowth?

Amin :Yes. In Pak Busu’s orchard there are a lot of angsana trees that are
bigger and taller than the rambutan trees.

(a) Build an inference based on the quantity of rambutans in Pak Hamid’s and
Pak Busu’s orchard.

……………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................

(b) What hypothesis can you make based on your answer in (a) above?

……………………………………………………………………………………

................................................................................................................

(C) Predict what will happen to the rambutan trees in Pak Busu’s orchard if he

cuts down some of the angsana trees.

……………………………………………………………………………………

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 ................................................................................................................

Answer & Explanation

Section A

1. Answer : D
Explanation : D is the best answer. Competition occurs
among living things that need the same and limited
resources at a particular time.

2. Answer : C
Explanation : Animals compete for food, water, space and
mate. Animals do not compete for sunlight because animals
do not need sunlight to make food.

3. Answer : C
Explanation : Plants with soft stems adapt themselves by
climbing, coiling or living on tall trees.

4. Answer : A
Explanation : From the food web shown, the rat is the
source of food for both the snake and the eagle. Therefore
the rat is the source of competition among the eagle and the
snake.

5. Answer : D
Explanation : Cramping the rabbits in a smaller cage will not
reduce the competition among the rabbits. The rabbits will
compete more with one another for the limited space.

Section B

1.(a) The number of rambutans in Pak Hamid’s orchard is more than in Pak
Busu’s orchard because the rambutan trees in Pak Hamid’s orchard
receive more sunlight/ water/ nutrients/ less competition than the rambutan
trees in Pak Busu’s orchard.

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(b) Examples of acceptable answers
(i) If the rambutan trees receive more sunlight, they will produce more
fruits.

(ii) If the rambutan trees receive more nutrients, they will produce more
fruits.

(iii) The lesser the competition received by the rambutan trees, the more

fruits they will produce.

(c) The quantity of fruits produced by the rambutan tree increases.

The rambutan trees becomes more fertile.

There are 3 science process skills being tested in the question.

(i) Inference

That is an explanation given based on observations made.

(ii) Hypothesis

A statement that shows a relationship between the manipulated and

responding variable s.

Example:

If the rambutan trees receive more sunlight, they will produce more
fruits.

Manipulated variable – amount of sunlight received

Responding variable – quantity of fruits produced

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Pengurusan Grafik

Rujukan

Look at the two animals in the picture above. Why are they
fighting each other?
1. Living things depend on other living things and their
environment for food, shelter and protection.

2. Living things also interact with non-living things in the

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 environment.

3. The relationship among living things is known as

interaction.

4. There are 2 types of interaction among living things;

(i) Cooperation

(ii) Competition

COMPETITION
1. Living things need basic things like food, shelter and
protection in order to survive.

2. Animals need food, water, shelter, space and mate or

breeding partner.

3. Plants need nutrients, water, space and sunlight.

4. At times, these basic needs become limited or scarce.

Therefore living things that live in the same habitat have to
compete against one another.

5. Competition is a form of interaction in which living things

fight among themselves to obtain the same and limited
resources that they need to survive.

6. Competition can occur in living things of the same or

different species.

7. The competition and cooperation among living things will

result in the balance in nature.

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The hens are competing for the same food.

The deer and antelopes are competing for the same water
source.

The trees and shrubs are competing for sunlight.

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The byrophyllum seedlings are competing for nutrients, water
and space.

Ujian Diagnostik

1 The diagram shows a picture of an animal.

What kind of energy does the animal possess?

Heat energy
A
Kinetic energy
B
Chemical energy
C
Potential energy
D
2 The diagram shows an object.

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 What kind of energy is stored in the object?
Light energy
A
Potential energy
B
Electrical energy
C
Chemical energy
D
3 Which of the following sources of energy is renewable?
I Solar
II Wind
III Coal
IV Crude oil

I and II only
A
II and III only
B
III and IV only
C
I, II and III only
D
4 The diagram shows a torchlight that is turned on.

What energy changes occur in the torchlight?

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 B

D
5 The diagram shows a boy climbing up a staircase.

What is the energy change that occurs?

What changes in energy occurs when the device above is used?

24
 A

7 Which of the following electrical appliances converts electrical energy to

heat energy?
I

II

III

IV

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 I and II only
A
I and III only
B
II and IV only
C
I, II, III and IV
D

8 What type of energy is stored in the foods shown above?

Potential energy
A
Chemical energy
B
Kinetic energy
C
Heat energy
D
9 Which of the following is true about light energy?
I It can move in a vacuum
II It is produced by vibrations

26
 III It allows plants to make food

I only.
A
I and III only.
B
III and IV only
C
I, II, III and IV
D
1 Sound energy is produced by
0
the vibrations of particles
A
the generation of electricity
B
the reflection of light
C
heating elements
D

Ujian Diagnostik

1 A piece of bread turns mouldy after being left in a dark cupboard for a few
days. Which of the following conditions can cause the bread to turn
mouldy?
Dark and cold
A
Dark and moist
B
Hot and dry
C
Hot and airy
D
2 Which of the following planets is furthest from the Sun?
Uranus
A
Neptune
B

27
 Venus
C
Jupiter
D
3 Which of the following planets has the greatest gravitational pull?
Mars
A
Earth
B
Jupiter
C
Pluto
D
4 Which of the following statements is correct?
The Sun is a giant star.
A
The Earth is the fourth planet from the Sun.
B
All planets revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.
C
The asteroid belt is situated between the planet Jupiter and Uranus.
D
• Consists of a mixture of ice and dust

• Has a long head and tail

• Revolves around the Sun in large orbits

5 The above information is related to

comets
A
meteors
B
asteroids
C
meteoroids
D
6 Which of the following statements is true?
I All planets have natural sattelites.

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 II Planets do not give out their own light.
III All planets revolve around the Sun while rotating on their own axis.

I only
A
I and II only
B
II and III only
C
I, II and III
D
7 Which of the following is true about the planet Mars?
I It has 3 moons
II It is the fourth planet from the Sun.
III It is also known as the red planet
IV It has no atmosphere

I and II only
A
II and III only
B
III and IV only
C
I, II and III only
D
8 Which of the following is true?
Planet Number of moons Position from the
Sun
Neptune 15 8
A
Uranus 16 8
B
Venus 0 2
C
Saturn 23 6
D
9 Small rocks that enter the Earth’s atmosphere will burn and produce a
streak of bright light in the sky forming a
meteor
A

29
 comet
B
meteorite
C
meteoroid
D
1 The diagram shows a member of the Solar System.
0

Which of the following is true about the member shown?

It is made of rocks and metals.
A
Its tail always moves away from the Sun.
B
It revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit.
C
It burns and produces a streak of bright light as it enters the Earth’s
D atmosphere

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