Lo 1

Entoto TVET College
Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development

ENTOTO TVET COLLEGE
under
Ethiopian TVET-System
INFORMTION TEC!NOLO"#
$%&&ORT $ERVICE
Level I
LEARNING GUIDE # 1
%nit o' Competence( Connect !ard)are &eripherals
Module Title ( Connecting !ard)are &eripherals
L" Code ( ICT IT$* L+* +*
TTLM Code ( ICT IT$* TTLM +,**
LO *( Con'irm Re-uirements o' Clients
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age 1 o' 0/
*
st
Revision uthor( Noel &1 Cuevas, IT 2 Entoto TVET College
Entoto TVET College
INTRODUCTION Learning Guide # 1
This learning guide is developed to provide 3ou the necessar3 in'ormation regarding the 'ollo)ing content
coverage and topics 2
Introduction to Computer and Connecting &eripherals
Identi'3 Client Re-uirements
This guide )ill also assist 3ou to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page1
$peci'icall3, upon completion o' this Learning "uide, 3ou )ill 4e a4le to 2
Identi'3 and con'irm client peripherals re-uirements in accordance )ith organi5ational standards
Document client re-uirements and peripherals needed in line )ith organi5ational standards and
report 'indings to the appropriate person
Veri'3 client re-uirements )ith appropriate person in line )ith organi5ational standards and
reporting procedures
Ta6e action to ensure client support e7pectations are covered 43 vendor )arrant3 and support
services
Learning Activities
*1 Read the speci'ic o48ectives o' this Learning "uide1
/1 Read the in'ormation )ritten in the 9In'ormation $heets *: in pages 0.*,1
01 ccomplish the 9$el'.chec6: in page *;1
<1 I' 3ou earned a satis'actor3 evaluation proceed to 9In'ormation $heet /:1 !o)ever, i' 3our rating is
unsatis'actor3, see 3our teacher 'or 'urther instructions or go 4ac6 to Learning ctivit3 = *1
,1 $u4mit 3our accomplished $el'.chec61 This )ill 'orm part o' 3our training port'olio1
;1 Read the in'ormation )ritten in the 9In'ormation $heet /: in pages *>./?1
>1 ccomplish the 9$el'.chec6: in page /@1
?1 I' 3ou earned a satis'actor3 evaluation proceed to 9Operation $heet: in pages 0+.0/1 !o)ever, i' 3our
rating is unsatis'actor3, see 3our teacher 'or 'urther instructions or go 4ac6 to Learning ctivit3 = /1
@1 Read the 9Operation $heet: and tr3 to understand the procedures discussed1
*+1 Do the 9L& test: in page <0 Ai' 3ou are read3B and sho) 3our output to 3our teacher1 #our teacher )ill
evaluate 3our output either satis'actor3 or unsatis'actor31 I' unsatis'actor3, 3our teacher shall advice
3ou on additional )or61 Cut i' satis'actor3 3ou can proceed to Learning "uide /1
#our teacher )ill evaluate 3our output either satis'actor3 or unsatis'actor31 I' unsatis'actor3, 3our
teacher shall advice 3ou on additional )or61 Cut i' satis'actor3 3ou can proceed to the ne7t topic1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Inforation !"eet 1
Introduction to Co#uter and Connecting
$eri#"era%s
Definitions of co#uter #eri#"era%s
E7ternal or tangi4le devices )hich are attached to the e7ternal part o' the computer
n3 device connected internall3 or e7ternall3 to a computer and used in the trans'er o'
data1 personal computer or )or6station processes in'ormation and, strictl3 spea6ing,
that is all the computer does1 Data Aunprocessed in'ormationB must get into the computer,
and the processed in'ormation must get out1 Entering and displa3ing in'ormation is carried
out on a )ide variet3 o' accessor3 devices called peripherals, also 6no)n as inputDoutput
AIDOB devices
n3 input, output or storage device connected e7ternall3 or internall3 to the computerEs
C&%, such as a monitor, 6e34oard, printer, dis6, tape, graphics ta4let, scanner, 8o3 stic6,
paddle or mouse1
Device driver
It is a small program that tells the computer ho) to communicate )ith inputDoutput
AperipheralB devices1 Ever3 peripheral device needs device driver to communicate )ith the
computer s3stem1
Co#uter #eri#"era%s &ere grou#ed into severa% categories' The Input Devices,
The Output Devices, the &rocessors, The $torage Devices1

T"e In#ut device . is a device thatFs 4een used as a means o' input1 It is an3
peripheral Apiece o' computer hard)are e-uipmentB used to provide data and control
signals to an in'ormation processing s3stem such as a computer or other in'ormation
appliance1 The common input devices are 6e34oard, mouse, scanner1
(e)*oard + The computer 6e3 4oard is used to input, or enter, letters, num4ers,
s3m4ols, punctuations and commands into the computer1 The standard 6e34oard
la3out is sometimes called GHERT# la3out and it is the most common la3out1
,o& -e)*oard &or-s + The 6e3s are arranged in ro)s and
columns1 Hhen a 6e3 is pressed, a uni-ue ro).and.column signal
is generated and sent to the 6e34oard inter'ace IC on the
6e34oard1 The 6e34oard inter'ace then converts the ro).and.
column signal into single 43te code called a Ie3 code or scan
code1 Hhen the 6e3 is released, a second signal is sent to the
6e34oard inter'ace IC, )hich generates a 4rea6 code1 The 6e34oard inter'ace IC then sends the
scan codes 43 means o' serial connection through the 6e34oard inter'ace to the computer1 The
6e34oard controller, located on the mother4oard, converts the signals to parallel data and
generates an interrupt so that the input can 4e serviced 43 the microprocessor1
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age . o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
/ouse 2 or a #ointing device is an3 human inter'ace device that allo)s a user to
input spatial data to a computer1 In the case o' mice and touch screens, this is usuall3
achieved 43 detecting movement across a ph3sical sur'ace1 nalog devices, such as 0D
mice, 8o3stic6s, or pointing stic6s, 'unction 43 reporting their angle o' de'lection1
Movements o' the pointing device are echoed on the screen 43 movements o'
the cursor, creating a simple, intuitive )a3 to navigate a computerEs "%I1
T)#es of ouse
O#t ec"anica% ouse . The o#tica%+ec"anica% or O#to+ec"anica% ouse
consists o' a 4all that rolls one o' t)o )heels inside the mouse1 This )heel contains a
circle o' holes or notches that allo) a LED light to 4e shined through and detected 43 a
sensor, as each )heel spins the3 represent the J or # a7is 'or the mouse pointer1 This
mouse is much more accurate than the traditional mechanical mouse that used onl3
)heels and rollers, ho)ever is not as good as an optical mouse1
O#tica% ouse + Computer mouse that utili5es light.emitting diodes ALEDB or laser
as a method o' trac6ing movement1 These mice are more pro'icient than other computer
mice1 These mice are easil3 identi'ied 43 e7amining the 4ottom o' the mouse1 I' the
mouse has no 4all or has a light emitting 'rom the 4ottom itEs most li6el3 an optical
mouse1 This mouse is much more accurate than the ordinar3 optical mechanical mouse
that relies on the traction 4et)een the mouse 4all and the rollers1 One dra)4ac6 to an
optical mouse is the3 can have pro4lems in 4right lights1
Ne) Optical Mice no longer have the disadvantages o' earlier mice and are capa4le
o' 4eing utili5ed on an3 sur'ace1 In comparison to the traditional Optical.Mechanical
mouse, the Optical is a much 4etter solution 'or a computer mouse1
!canner is a device that can scan or digiti5e images on paper and convert them to
data that the computer can use1 The3 can then 4e stored in a 'ile, displa3ed on the
screen, added to documents, or manipulated1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Ot"er in#ut devices
Co#osite devices
1ii Reote &it" attac"ed stra#
Input devices, such as 4uttons and 8o3stic6s, can 4e com4ined on a single ph3sical device that
could 4e thought o' as a composite device1 Man3 gaming devices have controllers li6e this1
Technicall3 mice are composite devices, as the3 4oth trac6 movement and provide 4uttons 'or
clic6ing, 4ut composite devices are generall3 considered to have more than t)o di''erent 'orms
o' input1
"ame controller
"amepad Aor 8o3padB
&addle Agame controllerB
Hii Remote
Iaging and Video in#ut devices
Video input devices are used to digiti5e images or video 'rom the outside )orld into the
computer1 The in'ormation can 4e stored in a multitude o' 'ormats depending on the userEs
re-uirement1
digital camera
He4cam
Image scanner
Fingerprint scanner
Carcode reader
0D scanner
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Laser range'inder
/edica% Iaging
Computed tomograph3
Magnetic resonance imaging
&ositron emission tomograph3
Medical ultrasonograph3
Audio in#ut devices
In the 'ashion o' video devices, audio devices are used to either capture or create sound1 In
some cases, an audio output device can 4e used as an input device, in order to capture
produced sound1
Microphone
MIDI 6e34oard or other digital musical instrument
Out#ut Device
n out#ut device is an3 piece o' computer hard)are e-uipment used to communicate
the results o' data processing carried out 43 an in'ormation processing s3stem Asuch as
a computerB to the outside )orld1
In computing, inputDoutput, or IDO, re'ers to the communication 4et)een an in'ormation
processing s3stem Asuch as a computerB, and the outside )orld1 Inputs are the signals or data
sent to the s3stem, and outputs are the signals or data sent 43 the s3stem to the outside1
E3a#%es of out#ut devices'
!#ea-ers
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Computer spea6ers range )idel3 in -ualit3 and in price1 The computer spea6ers t3picall3
pac6aged )ith computer s3stems are small, plastic, and have
mediocre sound -ualit31 $ome computer spea6ers have
e-uali5ation 'eatures such as 4ass and tre4le controls1
,ead#"ones
,ead#"ones are a pair o' small loudspea6ers, or less
commonl3 a single spea6er, held close to a userEs ears and
connected to a signal source such as an audio
ampli'ier, radio, CD pla3er or porta4le media pla3er1 The3 are
also 6no)n as stereo #"ones, "eadsets or, collo-uiall3 cans1
The in.ear versions are 6no)n as ear #"ones or ear *uds1 In
the conte7t o' telecommunication, the term headset is used to
descri4e a com4ination o' headphone and microphone used 'or t)o.)a3 communication, 'or
e7ample )ith a telephone1
!creen 5/onitor6
onitor or dis#%a) Asometimes called
a visua% dis#%a) unitB is an electronic visual
displa3 'or computers1 The monitor comprises the
displa3 device, circuitr3, and an enclosure1 The
displa3 device in modern monitors is t3picall3 a thin
'ilm transistor li-uid cr3stal displa3 ATFT.LCDB thin
panel, )hile older monitors use a cathode ra3 tu4e
a4out as deep as the screen si5e1
The 'irst computer monitors used Cathode
ra3 tu4es ACRTsB, )hich )as the dominant technolog3
until the3 )ere replaced 43 LCD monitors in the /*st Centur31
Originall3 computer monitors )ere used 'or data processing )hile television
receivers )ere used 'or entertainment1 From the ?+s on)ards, computers have 4een used
'or 4oth data processing and entertainment, )hile televisions have implemented some
*
st
Entoto TVET College
computer 'unctionalit31 The common aspect ratio o' televisions, and then computer
monitors, has also changed 'rom <(0 to *;(@1
$rinter
In computing, a printer is a peripheral )hich produces a te7t andDor graphics o' documents
stored in electronic 'orm, usuall3 on ph3sical print media such as paper or transparencies1
Man3 printers are primaril3 used as local peripherals, and are attached 43 a printer ca4le or,
in most ne)er printers, a %$C ca4le to a computer )hich serves as a document source1 $ome
printers, commonl3 6no)n as network printers, have 4uilt.in net)or6 inter'aces,
t3picall3 )ireless andDor Ethernet 4ased, and can serve as a hard cop3 device 'or an3 user on
the net)or61 Individual printers are o'ten designed to support 4oth local and net)or6
connected users at the same time1 In addition, a 'e) modern printers can directl3 inter'ace
to electronic media such as memor3 cards, or to image capture devices such as digital
cameras, scannersK some printers are com4ined )ith a scanners andDor 'a7 machines in a
single unit, and can 'unction as photocopiers1 &rinters that include non.printing 'eatures are
sometimes called multi'unction printers AMF&B, multi.'unction devices AMFDB, or all.in.one
AIOB printers1 Most MF&s include printing, scanning, and cop3ing among their man3
'eatures1
T"e $rocessor
The $rocessor or t"e centra% #rocessing unit AC$UB is the portion o'
a computer s3stem that carries out the instructions o' a computer program, to per'orm the 4asic
arithmetical, logical, and inputDoutput operations o' the s3stem1 The C&% pla3s a role some)hat
*
st
Entoto TVET College
analogous to the 4rain in the computer1 The term has 4een in use in the computer industr3 at
least since the earl3 *@;+s1 The 'orm, design and implementation o' C&%s have changed
dramaticall3 since the earliest e7amples, 4ut their 'undamental operation remains much the
same1
On large machines, C&%s re-uire one or more printed circuit 4oards1 On personal
computers and small )or6stations, the C&% is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor1
$ince the *@>+s the microprocessor class o' C&%s has almost completel3 overta6en all other C&%
implementations1 Modern C&%s are large scale integrated circuits in small, rectangular pac6ages,
)ith multiple connecting pins1
T)o t3pical components o' a C&% are the arithmetic logic unit AL%B, )hich per'orms
arithmetic and logical operations, and the control unit AC%B, )hich e7tracts instructions 'rom
memor3 and decodes and e7ecutes them, calling on the L% )hen necessar31
E7ample o' &rocessors are( &entium <, Core Duo, Dual Core, Core i0, Core i,, Corei>
T"e !torage devices
Co#uter data storage, o'ten called storage or eor), re'ers to computer
components and recording media that retain digital data1 Data storage is one o' the core
'unctions and 'undamental components o' computers1
There are 0 t3pes o' storage devices(
*1 $riar) !torage 2 is also 6no)n as the ain eor) or a temporar3 storage
device1 It is 'ast in nature 4ut can accommodate onl3 'e) data1 Data that has
4een stored in memor3 'lushes o'' )hen 3ou restart 3our computer, thus called
temporar3 storage device1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
It is the onl3 one directl3 accessi4le to the C&%1 The C&% continuousl3 reads
instructions stored there and e7ecutes them as re-uired1 n3 data activel3 operated
on is also stored there in uni'orm manner1
/1 !econdar) !torage 2 !econdar) storage Aalso 6no)n as e7ternal memor3 or
au7iliar3 storageB, di''ers 'rom primar3 storage in that it is not directl3 accessi4le
43 the C&%1 The computer usuall3 uses its inputDoutput channels to access
secondar3 storage and trans'ers the desired data using intermediate area in
primar3 storage1 $econdar3 storage does not lose the data )hen the device is
po)ered do)nLit is non.volatile1 Examples of a secondary storage device are
Internal Hard drive, external Hard Drive, Flash Disk, CD/DVD, Floppy disk, emory
card!
01 Tertiar) !torage . Tertiar) storage or tertiar) eor),

provides a third level
o' storage1 T3picall3 it involves a ro4otic mechanism )hich )ill mount AinsertB
and dismount remova4le mass storage media into a storage device according to the
s3stemEs demandsK this data is o'ten copied to secondar3 storage 4e'ore use1 It is
primaril3 used 'or archiving rarel3 accessed in'ormation since it is much slo)er than
secondar3 storage Ae1g1 ,2;+ seconds vs1 *2*+ millisecondsB1 This is primaril3
use'ul 'or e7traordinaril3 large data stores, accessed )ithout human operators1
T3pical e7amples include tape li4raries and optical 8u6e4o7es1
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age 1: o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Hhen a computer needs to read in'ormation 'rom the
tertiar3 storage, it )ill 'irst consult a catalog data4ase to
determine )hich tape or disc contains the in'ormation1
Ne7t, the computer )ill instruct a ro4otic arm to 'etch the
medium and place it in a drive1 Hhen the computer has
'inished reading the in'ormation, the ro4otic arm )ill
return the medium to its place in the li4rar31
Connectivit) devices
The ma8orit3 o' e7ternal peripheral devices connect to the 4ac6 o' the computerFs s3stem
unit )ith ca4les1 The computerFs s3stem unit has a variet3 o' #orts availa4le 'or use 43 di''erent
peripheral device ca4les1 port is a soc6et that is used to connect the ca4les 'rom peripheral
devices to the computer1
Computer connectivit3 devices )ere grouped into several categories(
$orts
&orts at the 4ac6 o' a computer &o)er suppl3
There e7ist several t3pes o' ports li6e serial port, parallel port, %$C port, "& port, po)er
suppl3 port1
s the name suggests, the seria% #ort trans'ers data seriall3 a 4it at a time1 s a result,
the serial port needs onl3 )ire to transmit ? 4its1 The disadvantage is that it ta6es ? times
longer to transmit a 43te1 lso, it is necessar3 to send a start 4it 4e'ore each 43te o' data, a
stop 4it a'ter the 43te to mar6 the end o' 43te and a parit3 4it to help chec6 the integrit3 o'
data1 $erial ports come in the 'orm o' @.pin or /,.pin male connector1 $erial ports are o'ten
6no)n as communication ports or R$/0/C ports1 The3 are t3picall3 used to connect devices li6e
o%d ouse and modem1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
$ara%%e% #orts can send or receive a 43te A?.4itB at a time1 %nli6e the serial port, these
?.4its are transmitted parallel to each other1 &arallel ports come in the 'orm o' /,.pin 'emale
connector1 &arallel ports are popularl3 used to connect printer, scanner, CD )riter, 5ip drive,
e7ternal hard dis6 drive, tape 4ac6up drive, etc1
To spare the user 4otheration o' ?.pin, /,.pin, male, 'emale connectors, the U!; has
4een designed1 It gives 3ou a single, standardi5ed, eas3.to.use )a3 to connect up to */>
devices to a computer1 These devices include printers, scanners, mice, 8o3stic6, digital camera,
)e4 cameras, spea6ers, telephones, 5ip drives, net)or6 connections, scienti'ic data ac-uisition
devices, etc1
The AG$ 5Acce%erated Gra#"ics $ort6 #ort is used to connect to graphic card that
provides high.speed video per'ormance t3picall3 re-uired in games and other multimedia
applications1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
lternativel3 re'erred to as an Et"ernet #ort, the LAN #ort is a port connection that
allo)s a computer to connect to a net)or6 using a )ired connection1 In the picture to the right,
is a close up e7ample o' )hat a LN port loo6s li6e 'or a net)or6 ca4le using an RM.<,
connector1 In the case o' this e7ample, the t)o led lights )ill 4lin6 )hen that port is active and
receiving activit31
The $!<2 connector is a ;.pin Mini.DIN connector used 'or connecting some 6e34oards
and mice to a &C compati4le computer s3stem1 Its name comes 'rom the ICM &ersonal
$3stemD/ series o' personal computers, )ith )hich it )as introduced in *@?>1 The &$D/ mouse
connector generall3 replaced the older DE.@ R$./0/ Nserial mouseN connector, )hile the &$D/
6e34oard connector replaced the larger ,.pinD*?+O DIN connector used in the ICM &CDT design1
The &$D/ designs on 6e34oard and mouse inter'aces are electricall3 similar and emplo3 the same
communication protocol1 !o)ever, a given s3stemEs 6e34oard and mouse port ma3 not 4e
interchangea4le since the t)o devices use a di''erent set o' commands1 Toda3 this connector has
all 4ut 4een replaced 43 %$C
#o&er su##%) is a device that supplies electrical energ3 to one or more electric loads1
The term is most commonl3 applied to devices that convert one 'orm o' electrical energ3 to
another, though it ma3 also re'er to devices that convert another 'orm o' energ3 Ae1g1,
mechanical, chemical, solarB to electrical energ31 regulated po)er suppl3 is one that controls
the output voltage or current to a speci'ic valueK the controlled value is held nearl3 constant
despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied 43 the po)er suppl3Es energ3
source1
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age 1. o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Ever3 po)er suppl3 must o4tain the energ3 it supplies to its load, as )ell as an3 energ3 it
consumes )hile per'orming that tas6, 'rom an energ3 source1

Video Gra#"ics Arra) 5VGA6 connector is a three.ro) *,.pin DE.*, connector1 The
*,.pin V" connector is 'ound on man3 video cards, computer monitors, and some high
de'inition televisionsets1 On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini.V" port is
sometimes used in place o' the 'ull.si5ed V" connector1
Terina%s
co#uter terina% is an electronic or electromechanical hard)are device that is used
'or entering data into, and displa3ing data 'rom, a computer or a computing s3stem1
The 'unction o' a terminal is con'ined to displa3 and input o' dataK a device )ith
signi'icant local programma4le data processing capa4ilit3 ma3 4e called a Nsmart terminalN or 'at
client1 terminal that depends on the host computer 'or its processing po)er is called a dum4
terminal or thin client1 personal computer can run so't)are that emulates the 'unction o' a
terminal, sometimes allo)ing concurrent use o' local programs and access to a distant terminal
host s3stem1
T)#es of te3t terina%s
*
st
Entoto TVET College
The !)ste conso%e is a te7t terminal used to operate a computer1 Modern computers
have a 4uilt.in 6e34oard and displa3 'or the console1 $ome %ni7.li6e operating s3stems such
as Linu7, FreeC$D and Mac O$ J have virtual consoles to provide several te7t terminals on a
single computer1
terina% eu%ator is a computer program in a graphical )indo)ing s3stem that lets
the user operate a te7t terminal in a )indo)1 This lets applications 'or te7t terminals run under a
modern graphical user inter'ace1 &opular terminal emulators include xterm and rxvt1
Connectors
CAT2 NET1OR( CA;LE . This ca4le allo)s the computer to
communicate to other computers over a net)or61 It also
provides net)or6ed computers access to the Internet
/ONITOR CA;LE . This ca4le is usuall3 permanentl3
connected to a monitor1 $mall scre)s hold the ca4le in place

*
st
Entoto TVET College
U!; CA;LE . Most &CEs no) have these 'ast and versatile
ports on the 'ront and 4ac61 The3 can 4e used 'or porta4le
storage devices, digital cameras, scanners, video cameras,
printers, 6e34oards and mice . 8ust a4out ever3thingP
$O1ER CORD . This is a standard N6ettle cordN that
connects the computer to the C outlet on the )all and
the po)er suppl3 o' the computer1 This M%$T 4e
unplugged i' 3ou are ever doing an3 maintenance )or6
inside the computer1
$RINTER CA;LE . This is a /,.pin NDN shaped connector
that connect printers to the parallel port on a computer1
ANe)er printers ma3 connect )ith a %$C plug1B
$!2 CA;LE . On most computers these da3s, this connection is
used 'or 4oth the Mouse and the 6e34oard1 This plug has ; pins.
VGA CA;LE 2 This is use to connect the monitor to
the V" port1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
AUDIO CA;LE 2 This is use to connect the spea6er to
the udio port1
!e%f+C"ec- 1 1ritten Test
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your teacher.
*1 Hhat do 3ou call the e7ternal or tangi4le devices )hich are attached to the e7ternal part o' the
computerQ (1 point)
/1 Hhat is the small program that tells the computer ho) to communicate )ith inputDoutput
AperipheralB devices1 (1 point)
01 "iven the di''erent computer peripherals, group them 43 )riting each o' it )here categories the3
4elong on the ta4le 4elo)( (1 point each)
a1 Mouse e1 $erial ca4le i1 LCD Monitor
41 Monitor '1 &rinter 81 &$/ ca4le
c1 Core i0 chip g1 $canner 61 Dual Core chip
d1 &rinter Ca4le h1 $pea6er l1 Ie34oard
Input
Devices
Output
Devices
&rocessors
Connectivit3
Devices
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Note: !atisfactor) rating = 12 #oints a*ove < Unsatisfactor) + *e%o& 12 #oints
#ou can as6 3ou teacher 'or the cop3 o' the correct ans)ers
Inforation !"eet 2 Confir C%ient Re>uireents
!)ste deve%o#ent %ife c)c%e
To determine appropriate hard)are peripheral devices needed )ithin an organi5ation, it is
important to clearl3 understand )hat 3our client needs1 O'ten clients donFt have a clear idea o'
)hat the3 )ant until the3 have 4een presented )ith a series o' options1 Hor6ing out clientsF
needs re-uires care'ul planning and organisation1
The s)ste deve%o#ent %ife c)c%e is a methodolog3 that computer consultants o'ten
'ollo) to help them properl3 investigate the clientFs in'ormation technolog3 needs1 The 'irst three
stages o' the s3stem development li'e c3cle are(
*1 planning
/1 anal3sing
01 designing1
$%anning
This stage involves identi'3ing the clientFs current technolog3 and ta6ing into account an3
limitations1 During the planning phase it is necessar3 to 'ind out in'ormation including(
s3stem speci'ications
connections availa4le
4udget constraints
*
st
Entoto TVET College
availa4le time'rame
availa4ilit3 o' ph3sical space1
feasi*i%it) stud) can 4e per'ormed to provide a preliminar3 report to the client a4out
4ene'its, costs and impact to the organisation1 dditionall3, a #ro?ect re>uest for allo)s a
client to document their initial re-uest1
!)ste s#ecifications
It is important to 'ind out the speci'ications o' the computer s3stem 3ou are planning to
connect the peripheral device to1 Man3 ne)er t3pes o' peripheral devices re-uire a speci'ic
amount o' memor3, C&% speed, hard dis6 space, and ma3 onl3 4e compati4le )ith certain
operating s3stems1
@ou a%so need to *e a&are of t"e #eri#"era%As s)ste re>uireentsB T"e anua%
for t"e #eri#"era% device as &e%% as t"e anufacturerAs &e*site &i%% "e%# )ou
deterine t"e iniu s)ste s#ecificationsB
Co#uter #eri#"era%s re>uireent considerations
Des6top hard)are, such as a des6top computer itsel', is the most common t3pe o' IT
hard)are purchased 43 a small 4usiness1 The cost o' hard)are depends on its speci'ication,
)hich in turn is determined 43 some 6e3 components1 Hhen 3ou 4u3 des6top hard)are, 3ou )ill
need to decide )hat the speci'ication o' these 6e3 components should 4e1
T"e #rocessor is the driver o' the computer1 &rocessors are usuall3 di''erentiated 43
speed, measured in gigahert5 A"!5B1 The higher the "!5, the 'aster the computer )ill run1 #ou
should 4u3 the 'astest processor 3ou can a''ord, 4ut a " #H$ processor will normally %e eno&gh
for most %&siness f&nctions, e!g! word processing and spreadsheets, together with some
m&ltimedia!
/eor) is used 43 the processor to run programs1 "enerall3, the more random access
memor3 ARMB 3ou have, the 4etter 3our computer )ill run )hen using several programs at
once1 #our computer should have enough memor3 to ma6e the most o' the processor speed1 For
a " #H$ processor, for example, yo& sho&ld have aro&nd '(" giga%ytes )#*+ of ,-!
T"e "ard dis- is used to store the data 3ou create in 3our 4usiness, as )ell as the
programs 3ou use1 Its capacit3 is much greater than the RM1 n o''ice computer )ith a 0 "!5
processor should have at least /++ "C o' hard dis6 space, 4ut i' 3ou intend to use a single
des6top &C as the main storage location 'or all 3our 4usiness data, 3ou )ill need at least ,++
"C1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
E7ternal plug.ins, such as re&rita*%e DVDC DVD+Read On%) /eor) 5RO/6C or CD+
R1 5re&rita*%e6 drives can 4e used to supplement 3our computerEs memor31
T"e onitor is the computerEs displa3 screen1 Li-uid Cr3stal Displa3 ALCDB or 'lat screen
monitors o''er reduced 4ul6 and lo)er po)er consumption, relative to cathode ra3 tu4e ACRTB
monitors1 Monitors are normall3 measured diagonall3 in inches . t3picall3 *@, // or /<1 Larger or
)ide.screen monitors allo) 3ou to compare t)o documents on.screen1 Man3 monitors have an
aspect ratio . the proportion o' image )idth to height . o' *;(*+, although screens )ith a *;(@
ratio are 4ecoming more )idel3 availa4le and o''er higher resolution1
Dis#%a) ada#ter
$o't)are re-uiring a 4etter than average computer graphics displa3, li6e graphics
editors and high.end games, o'ten de'ine high.end displa3 adapters in the s3stem re-uirements1
!oft&are re>uireents
$o't)are Re-uirements deal )ith de'ining so't)are resource re-uirements and pre.
re-uisites that need to 4e installed on a computer to provide optimal 'unctioning o' an
application1 These re-uirements or pre.re-uisites are generall3 not included in the so't)are
installation pac6age and need to 4e installed separatel3 4e'ore the so't)are is installed1
1B $%atfor
In computing, a #%atfor descri4es some sort o' 'rame)or6, either in hard)are or
so't)are, )hich allo)s so't)are to run1 T3pical plat'orms include a computerEs
architecture, operating s3stem, or programming languages and their run time li4raries1
Operating s3stem is one o' the 'irst re-uirements mentioned )hen de'ining s3stem
re-uirements Aso't)areB1 $o't)are ma3 not 4e compati4le )ith di''erent versions o' same line o'
operating s3stems, although some measure o' 4ac6)ard compati4ilit3 is o'ten maintained1 For
e7ample, most so't)are designed 'or Microso't Hindo)s J& does not run on Microso't Hindo)s
@?, although the converse is not al)a3s true1 $imilarl3, so't)are designed using ne)er 'eatures
o' Linu7 Iernel v/1; generall3 does not run or compile properl3 Aor at allB on Linu7 distri4utions
using Iernel v/1/ or v/1<1
2B A$Is and drivers
$o't)are ma6ing e7tensive use o' special hard)are devices, li6e high.end displa3
adapters, needs special &I or ne)er device drivers1 good e7ample is DirectJ, )hich is a
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age 2: o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
collection o' &Is 'or handling tas6s related to multimedia, especiall3 game programming,
on Microso't plat'orms1
.B 1e* *ro&ser
Most )e4 applications and so't)are depending heavil3 on Internet technologies ma6e use
o' the de'ault 4ro)ser installed on s3stem1 Microso't Internet E7plorer is a 're-uent choice o'
so't)are running on Microso't Hindo)s, )hich ma6es use o' ctiveJ controls, despite their
vulnera4ilities1
Ot"er re>uireents
$ome so't)are also has other re-uirements 'or proper per'ormance1 Internet
connection At3pe and speedB and resolution o' the displa3 screen are nota4le e7amples1
E7amples
Follo)ing are a 'e) e7amples o' s3stem re-uirement de'initions 'or popular &C games and
trend o' ever increasing resource needs(
For instance, )hile $tarCra't A*@@?B needed(
Hindo)s @, or NT or superior
&entium processor at @+ M!5 or higher
*; MC RM
?+ MC availa4le in the hard dis6
CD.ROM, /7 or higher
DirectJ 01+ or higher
$pider.Man A/++/B needed(
0D !ard)are ccelerator
Hindo)s @?D/+++DNTDJ&
&entium III processor at ,++ M!5 or higher
*/? MC RM
*1, "C availa4le in the hard dis6
*
st
Entoto TVET College
DirectJ ?1* Doom 0 A/++<B needed(
0D !ard)are ccelerator . ;<MC o' memor3 minimum
Hindo)s /+++DJ&
&entium < *1, "!5 or thlon J& *,++R processor or higher
0?< MC RM
?7 $peed CD.ROM
/1/ "C 'ree hard dis6 space
DirectJ @1+4 compati4le *;.4it sound card
DirectJ @1+4
$tar Hars( The Force %nleashed A/++@B needed(
0D !ard)are ccelerator . /,;MC o' memor3 minimum
Hindo)s Hindo)s J& $&0, Hindo)s Vista $&/, Hindo)s >
Core / Duo or thlon J/ at /1< "!5
/ "C RM RM
?7 $peed DVD.ROM
/01? "C R * "C $)ap File hard dis6 space
DirectJ @1+c compati4le sound card
DirectJ @1+c compati4le video card1
s a cost.saving consideration, 'or a small enterprise, getting the e7act client
speci'ications )ould 4e a good consideration 4ut 'or a 4ig enterprise, getting the high end
hard)are )ould 4e o' great choice1
Considering the 'uture hard)are trend )ould also 4e a deciding 'actor1 I' the price o' a
speci'ic peripheral remains the same 'or a long period o' time, 3ou could consider 4u3ing a high
end one since over time the price remains the same )hile 3ou get a higher hard)are
per'ormance1 Other)ise, choose a medium range peripherals or 8ust e7actl3 )hat 3our
organi5ation need since 'or a short period o' time the price lo)ers so 3ou could have an
opportunit3 o' upgrading it to a high end one in the 'uture at a lo) cost1
nother 'actor is )hat operating s3stem are 3ou going to useQ Celo) are the hard)are
re-uirements 'or installing Hindo)s J& and Hindo)s >(
,ard&are Re>uireents for 1indo&s 7 s)ste
I' 3ou )ant to run Hindo)s > on 3our &C, hereEs )hat it ta6es(
*
st
Entoto TVET College
* gigahert5 A"!5B or 'aster 0/.4it A7?;B or ;<.4it A7;<B processor
* giga43te A"CB RM A0/.4itB or / "C RM A;<.4itB
*; "C availa4le hard dis6 space A0/.4itB or /+ "C A;<.4itB
DirectJ @ graphics device )ith HDDM *1+ or higher driver
,ard&are Re>uireents for 1indo&s D$ ,oe Edition and 1indo&s D$ $rofessiona%B
These are the minimum re-uirements 'or 4asic 'unctionalit31 ctual re-uirements var3,
depending on the s3stem con'iguration and the programs and 'eatures that 3ou choose to install1
I' 3ou are installing Hindo)s J& over a net)or6, 3ou ma3 need additional availa4le hard.dis6
space1

T"e iniu "ard&are re>uireents for 1indo&s D$ ,oe Edition are'
&entium /00.megahert5 AM!5B processor or 'aster A0++ M!5 is recommendedB
t least ;< mega43tes AMCB o' RM A*/? MC is recommendedB
t least *1, giga43tes A"CB o' availa4le space on the hard dis6
CD.ROM or DVD.ROM drive
Ie34oard and a Microso't Mouse or some other compati4le pointing device
Video adapter and monitor )ith $uper V" A?++ 7 ;++Bor higher resolution
$ound card
$pea6ers or headphones
'ter 3ou have determine 3our organi5ation needs, 3ou can no) start documenting 3our
hard)are needs, to help 3ou decide on the speci'ications, canvassing )ould 4e a great idea1
There )ere several sites in the net )here 3ou can 4ro)se and compare the price o' the di''erent
medium range to high end computer peripherals1 One 43 one 3ou can list do)n the hard)are
specs 'or 3our client1 The list 4elo) )ill help 3ou in documenting 3our chosen hard)are(
&rocessor (
RM or Memor3 (
!ard Dis6 si5e (
Video Card (
Lan Card (
DVD drive (
$ound Card (
Mouse (
Ie34oard (
Monitor (
One deciding 'actor to consider in 4u3ing computer peripherals is the )arrant3 and a'ter sales
support service1 cheaper price )ould var3 greatl3 on the per'ormance, dura4ilit3 and
)arrant31 Mostl3, the cheaper it gets, the less dura4le and less )arrant3 3ou could e7pect1
O'tentimes, the good )arrant3 and a'ter sales service the3 provide, the 4etter the -ualit3 o' the
products the3 have1 Do not ris6 4u3ing the cheaper one i' 3ouFre not sure o' the -ualit31
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age 2. o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
'ter 3ou have 'inali5ed 3our hard)are speci'ications, 3ou can no) 'or)ard it to the right
person 'or 4udget considerations and 'inall3 'or procurement1

;udget constraints
Hhile planning the connection o' hard)are peripheral devices, it is important to 4e a)are
o' the clientFs availa4le 4udget1 client needs to determine )hether the 4ene'its that )ill 4e
gained 'rom the peripheral device 8usti'3 the 'inancial outla31 Factors including the organisationFs
si5e, the necessit3 o' the peripheral device to the organisation, num4er o' people re-uiring the
device, )ill all contri4ute to the organisationFs allocation o' a 4udget1 Costs )ill sometimes
prohi4it an organisation 'rom proceeding )ith the purchase o' e-uipment1
nother cost to consider is ongoing maintenance1 laser printer, 'or e7ample, ma3
initiall3 4e more e7pensive to purchase than an in68et printer1 !o)ever )hen 3ou consider that
some in68et cartridges can cost nearl3 as much as an in68et printer, it ma3 4e more practical to
choose a laser printer, )here toner costs are more reasona4le1
Avai%a*%e tiefrae
The time availa4le to complete a tas6 also needs to 4e considered )hen identi'3ing client
re-uirements1 I', 'or e7ample, a peripheral device is needed urgentl3, it )ill 4e necessar3 to
-uic6l3 'ind out )hich suppliers can immediatel3 provide the peripheral e-uipment1
$")sica% s#ace restrictions
Ce'ore considering ac-uiring an3 peripheral device, planning needs to 4e done to )or6 out
)here and ho) the peripheral )ill reside1 The 'ollo)ing -uestions need to 4e considered(
Hhat ph3sical space is availa4le to accommodate the deviceQ
re po)er points in a near pro7imit3 i' the device needs themQ
I' a peripheral does not have access to a suita4le po)er source, pro4lems ma3 occur
including the overloading o' po)er 4oards and po)er leads causing dangerous o4structions
to users o' the e-uipment1
Hill the installation o' the device mean other e-uipment needs to 4e relocatedQ
Could the device cause disruption or impact on the sa'et3 o' usersQ
Eeasi*i%it) stud)
'easi4ilit3 stud3 can 4e carried out to sho) the client 4ene'its, appro7imate costs o' the
ne) e-uipment and the impact on the organisation1 $everal hard)are devices can also 4e
recommended to the client1 The aim o' the 'easi4ilit3 stud3 is to recognise the 4est solution
under the circumstances 43 identi'3ing the e''ects o' this solution on the organisation1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
'ter underta6ing a 'easi4ilit3 stud3, it ma3 4e discovered that a simple solution is
possi4le1 Ta6e the e7ample o' an organisation that )ould li6e to update their monitors so that
the3 can have 4etter screen resolution1 Changing the monitorsF internal settings could 4e a ver3
simple solution to o4tain an improved resolution1
'easi4ilit3 stud3 can also reveal that a clientFs peripheral re-uirements are not
achieva4le1 The re-uirements ma3 e7ceed 4udget, or the re-uested peripheral devices ma3 not
4e compati4le )ith the current computer s3stem1 The results o' a 'easi4ilit3 stud3 can determine
)hether or not an organisation proceeds )ith the purchase and installation o' the peripheral
devices1
$ro?ect re>uest for
n initial re-uest 'or hard)are peripheral devices can 4e documented using a pro8ect
re-uest 'orm1 This 'orm documents in'ormation 'rom 4oth the client and the computer
consultant in order to document preliminar3 re-uirements1
T3pical in'ormation re-uested on a pro8ect re-uest 'orm includes(
pro8ect title
date received
completion date
pro8ect num4er
description o' pro4lem
o48ectives
anticipated 4ene'its
person re-uesting
constraints1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
!a#%e #ro?ect re>uest for
Re-uest date( Re-uired completion date(

Re>uest inforation'
Eirst nae' Last nae'

De#artent or division' Te%e#"one'

Eai%'
$ro?ect tit%e'
$ro?ect inforation'
Hhat is the purpose o' the proposed pro8ectQ
Hhat are the 4ene'its o' the pro8ectQ
Other in'ormation or comments(
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Ana%)Fing
In the anal3sis phase, the clientFs re-uirements are investigated in more depth1 It is
important to tr3 to gain as much in'ormation 'rom the client as possi4le, in order to o4tain an
accurate understanding o' the situation1 Detailed client re-uirements, such as(
speci'ic 'eatures o' the device re-uired
the num4er o' people )ho )ill need to use device
support e7pectations
training re-uirements
can all 4e o4tained during this phase1
Intervie)s, -uestionnaires, chec6lists and o4servations are some methods that
consultants use to gather in'ormation1 I' a device is to 4e used 43 a large group o' users, a
-uestionnaire or chec6list could 4e constructed to 'ind out )hat 'eatures are re-uired 43 the
ma8orit3 o' users1 Intervie)ing users can provide a 4etter )a3 o' 'inding out speci'ic in'ormation1
Intervie&s
)ell.prepared intervie) can help provide 3ou )ith valua4le in'ormation a4out 3our client
re-uirements1 In'ormation that has 4een collected during the planning stage can also give 3ou
some use'ul 4ac6ground in'ormation )hen preparing -uestions1
Guestions as6ed o' a client ma3 4e speci'ic or open ended1 $peci'ic -uestions generall3
mean that the client )ill give either a 3esDno response or a speci'ic ans)er1 Open.ended
-uestions, ho)ever, generall3 commence )ith Sho)F or S)h3F1 These t3pes o' -uestions help to
discuss and clari'3 issues and esta4lish a 'irmer understanding o' client re-uirements1
For e7ample, some -uestions 3ou ma3 )ant to as6 during an intervie) to replace an
e7isting printer could include(
!o) )ill a ne) printer solve e7isting printer issuesQ
Hho )ill 4e using the ne) printer the ma8orit3 o' the timeQ
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Hhat )ill 4e the ne) printer 6e3 purposesQ Eg(
2 letters
2 advertising 4rochures
2 in'ormation 'rom the Internet1
Hh3 do 3ou need colour printingQ
Hhat is the appro7imate num4er o' pages that )ould 4e printed each da3Q
Guestionnaires
Guestionnaires are help'ul )hen 3ou need to gather in'ormation 'rom a num4er o' clients1
num4er o' -uestions incorporating short ans)ers, multiple choice and trueD'alse choices can
help 3ou -uic6l3 determine )hat 6inds o' 'eatures the ma8orit3 o' clients are re-uiring1
,ere is a sa#%e >uestionnaire to "e%# esta*%is" a suita*%e ouse'
*1 Trac64all 'eature L Hould a trac64all device 4e help'ul 'or 3ou to manipulate imagesQ
@es<No
/1 Hould 3ou pre'er a )ireless mouseQ @es<No
01 List an3 other 'eatures 3ou )ould li6e to 4e a4le to have availa4le )ith 3our mouse(
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
C"ec-%ists
In a similar manner to -uestionnaires, chec6lists that as6 clients to choose )hat 'eatures
the3 )ould li6e 'rom a speci'ic peripheral device can also provide an e''icient )a3 to determine a
set o' popular re-uirements1
O*servations
Even in'ormal o4servations o' current 4usiness procedures can provide another )a3 o'
determining client needs1 O4serving users as the3 go a4out their da3.to.da3 tas6s, can con'irm
i' current peripheral devices are not )or6ing properl3 or assessing the need 'or a ne) peripheral
device1
Designing
The design phase ena4les 3ou to 'igure out an e''ective solution1 ll the in'ormation 3ou
have gathered via -uestionnaires, intervie)s, o4servations and during planning can 4e assessed
to determine the 4est )a3 o' satis'3ing client re-uirements1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
There )ill o'ten 4e several peripheral devices that are capa4le o' per'orming the 8o4
satis'actoril31 n evaluation grid can 4e created to sho) the client each deviceFs 'unctionalit31
The e7ample 4elo) illustrates an evaluation grid that could 4e used 'or appraising
scanners1
!#ecifications !canner 1 !canner 2 !canner .
&rice
Optical resolution AdpiB
Dimensions
Operating s3stem
$o't)are included
Comments
Once client re-uirements have 4een clari'ied, all re-uests 'or hard)are peripherals need
to 4e documented clearl3 in a concise 'orm1 n organisation )ill o'ten have its o)n
organi5ational standards A'or e7ample, report templates, guidelinesB to )hich 3ou )ill need to
adhere1 The documentation )ill also need to 4e chec6ed and con'irmed 43 the client 4e'ore a
re-uest 'or purchase in sent to the pre'erred supplier1
*
st
Entoto TVET College
!e%f+C"ec- 2 1ritten Test
Name:____________________ Date:_________________
Instruction: Answer all the questions listed below, if you have some clarifications- feel free to ask your
teacher.

*1 Hhat are the threeA0B stages o' the s3stem development li'e c3cleQ (3 points)
/1 In planning phase, )hat 'iveA,B in'ormation is necessar3 to 'ind outQ (5 points)
01 The processorFs speed has 4een measured in )hatQ (1 point)
<1 !o) man3 processors speed in "h5 is needed 'or most 4usiness 'unctions, e1g1 )ord
processing and spreadsheets, together )ith some multimedia! (1 point)
,1 I' 3ou have 0"h5 processorFs speed, ho) much ideal memor3 ARMB si5e
3ou must haveQ (1 point)
;1 n o''ice computer )ith a 0 "!5 processor should have at least ho)
man3 "C o' hard dis6 spaceQ (1 point)
>1 Hhat can )e use to supplement 3our computerEs memor3Q (1 point)
?1 Hhich monitor is 4etter in terms o' electric consumptionQ (1 point)
@1 Hhat are the 0 Software requirements needed in 4e'ore 4u3ing a &CQ (3 points)
*+1 Hhat are the !ard)are Re-uirements 'or Hindo)s > operating s3stem in terms o'(
(4 point)
&rocessor (
RM or Memor3 (
!ard Dis6 si5e (
Video Card (
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age .: o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
Note: Satisfactory rating 18 points above / Unsatisfactory - below 18 points
ou can ask you teacher for the co!y of the correct answers
La# Test $ractica% Deonstration
Name( TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Date( TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Time started( TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Time 'inished( TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
Instructions' #ou are re-uired to per'orm the 'ollo)ing individuall3 )ith the presence o' 3our
teacher1
1B !"o&ing t"e #orts *e%o&C deonstrate &"at #eri#"era% &as needed for eac" #ort
2B Nae . #orts &"ere ouse can #ossi*%) *e connected toB
.B Give at %east 0 #eri#"era%s t"at can *e connected via U!; #ortsB
0B 1"at is t"e difference *et&een !eria% and $ara%%e% #ortsH
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age .1 o' 0/
*
st
Entoto TVET College
.o&r teacher will eval&ate yo&r o&tp&t either satisfactory or &nsatisfactory! If
&nsatisfactory, yo&r teacher shall advice yo& on additional work! *&t if satisfactory, yo&
can proceed to the next topic!
Learning "uide Date( +,./+** &age .2 o' 0/
*
st

Lo 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lo 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Entoto TVET College

Training, Teaching and Learning Materials Development

You might also like