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Tnh Ton B Tr Lng
Khun


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1. Gii thiu.
Trc khi chng ta xc nh kch c ca khun v cc thit b cn
thit c s dng trong khun, chng ta phi xc nh c bao
nhiu khoang to hnh l ph hp. Trong ton b 1 chu k sn xut,
s khoang to hnh s xc nh c bao nhiu phn khun (chi tit) c
th c sn xut ra khi hon thnh 1 chu k n lc y chi tit ra.
S khoang to hnh ph thuc vo cu trc thi gian c thit
k (nhp sn xut) v th tch yu cu ca chi tit. V d, trung bnh
ta sn xut 100000 sn phm 1 nm, chng ta cn xc nh c bao
nhiu khoang to hnh l ph hp sn xut trong sut 1 nm ny.
u tin ta xc nh thi gian lm vic ti xng sn xut trong c
nm ny, hu ht th tin trnh lm khun c lm 24h/ngy, 5
ngy 1 tun, cui tun l thi gian bo tr v 52 tun 1 nm. Vy ta
tnh c l c 6240 gi lm vic trong 1 nm. Mi thng chng ta
c 520 gi lm vic.

tnh ton c bao nhiu khoang to hnh, chng ta s c lng
thi gian sn xut thc t. Thi gian thc t ny c xc nh
trc tin ch (section) c b dy l dy nht, chng ta bit
nhng ch c thnh cng dy th lm khun cng lu (c bit l
thi gian lm ngui). Sau khi tnh ton c lng ta c th bit
c sn xut ra 1 sn phm l bao nhiu thi gian. Gi s ta tnh
c 1 gi lm c 10 sn phm vi 1 khoang to hnh. Vy 1
nm ta sn xut c 62400 sn phm. Vy l cha t yu cu
100000 sn phm. V vy ta tnh ton lm 2 khoang to hnh trn 1
khun. Lc ny 1 gi sn xut c 20 sn phm v 1 nm ta sn
xut c 124800 sn phm vy ta sn xut n 100000 sn phm
v dng li ta cn d 1 s thi gian lm cng vic khc. Tt
nhin 2 khoang to hnh s to nn chi ph cao hn v chng ta phi
xem xt iu ny.

2. Cc tnh cht sn phm.
bn mi lin kt.
Cht lng b mt.
Cc h hi vt cht.
Hao ph vt liu v my.
Vng gia cng thun li.

3. Cc yu cu k thut ca khoang to hnh.
Khi tin hnh phun nha vo khun cc khoang to hnh phi p
ng cc iu kin sau.
Tt c cc khoang to hnh u c in y cng 1 lc v
cng 1 nhit .
Chiu di dng nha nn ngn cc bavia t nht.


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0984499008
E x p e r t Mo l d b a s e E x t e n s l o n 5 . 0

Trang 21
Khong cch gia cc khoang to hnh phi ln c ch
cho cc ng lm mt.
Cht y v li 1 tit din ngang thch hp chu c p
lc phun.
Tng cc phn lc nn t trng tm tm.

4. Cc phng php b tr khoang to hnh.
a). B tr vng trn.
Theo cch ny chiu di dng nha bng nhau i vi tt c cc
khoang to hnh, d tch khun c bit i vi tt c cc sn
phm i hi thit b tho ren, nhng chng ch ph hp vi 1 vi
loi khoang.


Hnh A3.1 B tr khoang to hnh theo vng trn
B tr Cavity gn nhau rt nh kch thc khun. Nh thit k
hnh (b) th suy nghi v kch thc khun tt hn thit k hnh (a).


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E x p e r t Mo l d b a s e E x t e n s l o n 5 . 0

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Hnh A3.2 B tr Cavity hp l nht
b). B tr theo dy.
u dim: Theo cch b tr ny th b tr c nhiu khoang
to hnh hn b tr theo vng trn.
Nhc im: Chiu dy dng nha i vi tng khoang to
hnh khng bng nhau, ch c th ng nht qu trnh in y
bng cch hiu chnh ng knh knh dn.

Hnh A3.3 B tr khoang to hnh theo dy
c). B tr i xng.

Hnh A3.4 B tr khoan to hnh i xng
y l cch b tr thng dng nht v to th tch knh dn ln,
nhiu bavia lm ng c keo nhanh chng.


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E x p e r t Mo l d b a s e E x t e n s l o n 5 . 0

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Hnh A3.5 Trng hp nhiu lng khun
5. Tnh ton s khoang to hnh.
Thng thng nng cao sn lng khi ch to sn phm ngi
ta b tr nhiu khoang to hnh. Tuy nhin iu b tr ny cn tu
thuc vo phc tp, trnh sn xut v thit b hin c, ph
thuc vo s lng chi tit.
n l, sn phm nh hn 1000, ta c s chi tit l 1, vt liu thp l
kt cu.
Hng lot nh, nhng hnh dng n gin, nh hn 30000 chi tit ta
c s chi tit l 1 4 chic. Phn di ng bng thp nhit luyn,
phn c nh bng thp cacbon.
Hng lot nh, chi tit phc tp, nh hn 10000 s chi tit l 1 vt
liu nh trn.
Sn xut trung bnh, sn phm 50000 chi tit s khoang to hnh
ph thuc vo cc ch tiu v kinh t cng nh k thut.

a). Cch tnh.
Da vo s lng chi tit trn mi khun c th xx nh t
cng thc my phun:
1
n
= T s gia tr phun max ca my chia cho (th tch sn
phm, th tch bc cung phun v knh dn).
Tnh theo tc phun:


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E x p e r t Mo l d b a s e E x t e n s l o n 5 . 0

Trang 24
2
n
= T s gia tc ca dng nha chia cho (s ln rt trong 1
pht nhn vi th tch ca sn phm v cung phun). Thng
th n
2
trong khong
1 1
0,4 0,8 n n .

b). Tnh theo lc kp chc ca my.
1 ch
F n P S
.
Trong :
ch
F
: Lc kp chc.
n : S chi tit (s khoang to hnh).
S : Din tch b mt (trung bnh).
1
P
: p sut trong lng khun.
Lc kp ti thiu phi bng
.
ch
F

Phn lc
1
10
pl
F A P .
A: Din tch cc khoang to hnh v h thng knh dn.
1
10 100 P Mpa m bo lc kp
ch pl
F F .
c). Tnh s khoang to hnh tt nht m bo tnh kinh t v
k thut yu cu.
3
0
1,05 12
3600 6000( )
Ck
M
t
N S
t t
.
6000 gi lm vic trong nm, 3 ca.
1,05: H s tnh n ph phm.
S: Kch tht tnh theo chiu rng sn phm.
ck
T
:
Thi gian chu k (giy).
0
t
: Thi gian t hng n khi nhn sn phm (thng).
M
t
: Thi gian cho vic lm khun (thng).
Tnh s khoang to hnh quan tm n s hn ch ca n:
5
n

Nu xut pht ch bit vt liu, hnh dng, s lng ca n th
s khoang to hnh ch yu da vo kinh nghim. Da vo s
lng sn phm trong 1 ln phun >1 th c gng cng t cng
tt.

d). Da vo ch tiu k thut.
S khoang to hnh ph thuc vo kch tht ca my: Lc
kp, cng sut u phun, tc dng chy, kch tht b my,
cc ch tiu v nng sut:
5
n
.

S khoang to hnh c th thc hin v mt k thut.
p lc phun max:
1
10
c
tk
F
n f P
A
.


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E x p e r t Mo l d b a s e E x t e n s l o n 5 . 0

Trang 25
A: Din tch sn phm, knh dn, ming phun (cm
2
).
1
P
: p sut phun (Mpa).
c
F
: Lc kp max (kN).
F : H s an ton, thng f t 1,2 1,5.
Th tch nha phun max:
2
0,2
s
t
p
V
N
V
.
s
V
: Th tch u phun.
p
V
: Th tch ca sn phm v knh dn.
Th tch u phun:
3
0,8
s
t
p
V
N
V
.
e). Da vo tc lu bin ca dng nha.
4
3,6
p
t ck
p
R
N t
V
.
p
R
: Tc lm do (kg/gi).
p
V
: Th tch sn phm, knh dn.
: Trng lng ring vt liu.
ck
T
: Thi gian sau 1 ln p ph thuc vo kch tht ca
my, ph thuc vo kh nng in y ca sn phm l
nh nhau.

6. Tnh ton sc bn cho khoang.
Khun v b phn kp cht ti khng u nhau nu nh cc khoang
to hnh c b tr lch tm i vi ui ko, khun c th h 1
bn. Kt qu l n lm nha trn v gy thnh cc thanh lin kt.
Cc khun 1 ln x keo th b mt b ph hoi bi 1 lp keo dnh
v n sinh ra bavia.

Trong cc khun phc tp phi xc nh c trng tm, nh v
tr cc khoang to hnh cng c xc nh.
Cc cng thc trng tm:
( )
i i
m
i
A X
X
A
.
A: Din tch hnh chiu ca cc on sn phm.
X : Khong cch ca trng tm t trc chnh n mi phn t chi
tit.