CAPITULO 13

EJERCICIO # 2
Durante un periodo de 25 horas en un proceso de maquinado se tomaron 50 muestras
de tamao 5, en listadas en la tabla siguiente.
a. Calcule la media y la desviacin estndar de los datos.
b. Calcule la media y el rango de cada muestra y trcelos en grficas de control.
Parecera que este proceso estuviera bajo control estadstico? Porq u?
Nmero de la muestra

1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5

1
9.999
9.992
10.002
10.003
10.009
11
9.980
10.038
9.990
9.996
10.016
21
10.010
10.003
9.990
10.010
10.015
31
10.009
10.013
10.008
9.990
10.008
41
9.978
10.010
9.996
9.991
9.995

2
10.022
9.998
10.037
9.994
10.003
12
10.004
9.990
10.002
10.003
9.996
22
9.988
10.004
10.001
9.995
9.977
32
9.987
10.012
10.015
9.995
10.021
42
10.008
10.025
10.017
10.008
9.989

3
10.001
10.006
10.002
9.993
10.011
13
10.025
9.989
9.981
10.006
9.998
23
9.991
9.996
10.020
10.002
10.022
33
9.990
9.973
9.996
9.990
9.980
43
10.035
10.015
9.994
9.991
9.998

MEDIA

10.001

4
10.007
10.006
10.004
10.018
10.011
14
9.992
10.023
10.019
9.990
10.003
24
10.005
10.003
10.027
9.996
9.970
34
9.985
10.038
9.991
9.988
9.986
44
10.012
10.025
9.972
10.013
10.011

5
10.011
9.979
9.991
9.996
9.994
15
9.985
10.002
10.008
10.008
9.998
25
9.987
9.993
9.992
9.987
10.008
35
9.991
9.999
9.989
10.014
9.997
45
10.009
10.007
10.027
9.988
9.967

6
10.019
10.017
10.018
10.008
10.018
16
9.977
9.975
10.002
10.021
9.989
26
9.994
10.007
10.013
9.997
10.014
36
10.002
9.989
9.993
10.013
9.980
46
10.004
9.998
10.026
10.032
10.019

DESVECION ESTANDAR

aquinado se tomaron 50 muestras

bla siguiente.
ndar de los datos.
rcelos en grficas de control.
ntrol estadstico? Porq u?

7
10.015
10.015
9.978
10.006
9.997
17
9.996
9.991
10.005
10.009
9.977
27
9.994
9.987
10.027
10.030
9.989
37
10.045
9.993
10.007
9.990
10.010
47
10.023
9.979
10.002
9.979
10.020
0.01516365

8
9.988
9.990
10.008
10.002
9.989
18
10.014
10.010
10.000
10.001
10.006
28
9.972
9.994
9.969
10.011
9.985
38
9.970
9.999
9.989
9.999
10.014
48
9.972
9.993
10.005
9.982
9.999

9
9.980
10.001
10.013
9.998
10.015
19
10.001
9.979
10.001
10.015
10.009
29
10.018
10.007
9.980
9.987
10.014
39
10.019
9.989
9.998
9.997
9.986
49
9.988
10.002
9.992
10.002
9.988

10
10.017
10.017
9.988
10.010
9.980
20
9.982
9.975
9.976
10.012
9.994
30
9.985
10.010
9.998
10.033
9.994
40
9.954
10.011
10.003
9.987
10.005
50
10.032
10.017
9.999
9.979
10.002

Nmero de la muestra
1
9.999
9.992
10.002
10.003
10.009
50.005
10.001
0.017
0.006

1
2
3
4
5
SUMA
MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

2
10.022
9.998
10.037
9.994
10.003
50.054
10.011
0.043
0.018

3
10.001
10.006
10.002
9.993
10.011
50.013
10.003
0.018
0.007

4
10.007
10.006
10.004
10.018
10.011
50.046
10.009
0.014
0.006

MEDIA X

5
10.011
9.979
9.991
9.996
9.994
49.971
9.994
0.032
0.011

6
10.019
10.017
10.018
10.008
10.018
50.080
10.016
0.011
0.005

RANGO R

10.020

0.060

10.010

0.040

10.000
0.020

9.990

0.000

9.980
1

RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

0.004
1.001
0.011

10

PROC DE MAQUINADO
10.001
10.011
10.003
10.009
9.994
10.016
10.002
9.995
10.001
10.002

9 10

LIC
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515
0.515

45.000
40.000

10.01

10.00

35.000

10.00

30.000

10.00

25.000
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
1

0.000
1
LSC

PROC DE MAQUINADO

7
10.015
10.015
9.978
10.006
9.997
50.011
10.002
0.037
0.015

8
9.988
9.990
10.008
10.002
9.989
49.977
9.995
0.020
0.009

9
9.980
10.001
10.013
9.998
10.015
50.007
10.001
0.035
0.014

10
10.017
10.017
9.988
10.010
9.980
50.012
10.002
0.037
0.017

DESVEST
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.000
1

LC
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004
10.004

LSC
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492
19.492

N
n

10.01

10.01

10.00

10.00
10.00
9.99

9.99

10

10

50
5

6
LC

7
LIC

10

PROC DE MAQUINADO

1
9.980
10.038
9.990
9.996
10.016
50.020
10.004
0.058
0.0231

1
2
3
4
5
SUMA
MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

2
10.004
9.990
10.002
10.003
9.996
49.995
9.999
0.014
0.0059

3
10.025
9.989
9.981
10.006
9.998
49.999
10.000
0.044
0.0169

4
9.992
10.023
10.019
9.990
10.003
50.027
10.005
0.033
0.0151

5
9.985
10.002
10.008
10.008
9.998
50.001
10.000
0.023
0.0095

6
9.977
9.975
10.002
10.021
9.989
49.964
9.993
0.046
0.0191

RANGO R

MEDIA X
10.020
10.000
9.980
9.960

0.100

0.0400

0.050

0.0200

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST
N
n

0.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0.0337
9.99918
0.01373781

PROC DE MAQUINADO
10.004
9.999
10.000
10.005
10.000
9.993
9.996
10.006
10.001
9.988

50
5

LIC
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513

25.000
10.005

10.004

20.000

10.000

9.999
15.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
1

2
LIC

4
LC

7
9.996
9.991
10.005
10.009
9.977
49.978
9.996
0.032
0.0126

8
10.014
10.010
10.000
10.001
10.006
50.031
10.006
0.014
0.0059

9
10.001
9.979
10.001
10.015
10.009
50.005
10.001
0.036
0.0136

10
9.982
9.975
9.976
10.012
9.994
49.939
9.988
0.037
0.0155

DESVEST

LC
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999
9.999

10

LSC
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486
19.486

10.006

10.005

10.001

10.000
9.996
9.993

9.988

10

6
LSC

PROC DE MAQUINADO

10

1
2
3
4
5
SUMA
MEDIA X
RAMGO R
DESVEST

1
10.010
10.003
9.990
10.010
10.015
50.028
10.006
0.025
0.010

2
9.988
10.004
10.001
9.995
9.977
49.965
9.993
0.027
0.011

3
9.991
9.996
10.020
10.002
10.022
50.031
10.006
0.031
0.014

MEDIA X

4
10.005
10.003
10.027
9.996
9.970
50.001
10.000
0.057
0.020

5
9.987
9.993
9.992
9.987
10.008
49.967
9.993
0.021
0.009

6
9.994
10.007
10.013
9.997
10.014
50.025
10.005
0.020
0.009

RAMGO R

DESVEST

10.020

0.060

0.030

10.000

0.040

0.020

9.980

0.020

0.010

0.000

0.000

9.960
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PROMEDIO RANGO
PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

1 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0.027
10.000
0.015

PROC DE MAQUINADO
10.006
9.993
10.006
10.000
9.993
10.005
9.986
10.005
10.001
10.004

LIC
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513
0.513

25.000
10.01

10.01

20.000

10.01
10.00

15.000

9.99

9.99
10.000

9.99
5.000
0.000
1

2
LIC

4
LC

6
LSC

7
PROC DE MAQUINADO

LIC

LC

LSC

PROC DE MAQUINADO

7
9.994
9.987
10.027
10.030
9.989
50.027
10.005
0.043
0.021

8
9.972
9.994
9.969
10.011
9.985
49.931
9.986
0.042
0.017

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LSC
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487
19.487

10.01

10.01

10.00

9.99

10
9.985
10.010
9.998
10.033
9.994
50.020
10.004
0.048
0.019
N
n

DESVEST

LC
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000
10.000

9
10.018
10.007
9.980
9.987
10.014
50.006
10.001
0.038
0.017

10

PROC DE MAQUINADO

10.00

50
5

PROC DE MAQUINADO

1
2
3
4
5
SUMA
MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

1
10.009
10.013
10.008
9.990
10.008
50.028
10.006
0.023
0.009

2
9.987
10.012
10.015
9.995
10.021
50.030
10.006
0.034
0.014

3
9.990
9.973
9.996
9.990
9.980
49.929
9.986
0.023
0.009

MEDIA X

4
9.985
10.038
9.991
9.988
9.986
49.988
9.998
0.053
0.023

5
9.991
9.999
9.989
10.014
9.997
49.990
9.998
0.025
0.010

6
10.002
9.989
9.993
10.013
9.980
49.977
9.995
0.033
0.013

RANGO R

10.050
10.000
9.950

DESVEST

0.100

0.050

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

0.038
9.998
0.015

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2

PROC DE MAQUINADO
10.006
10.006
9.986
9.998
9.998
9.995
10.009
9.994
9.998
9.992

LIC
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512
0.512

25.000
20.000

10.01 10.01
10.00

15.000
10.000

9.99

5.000
0.000
1

2
LIC

4
LC

5
LSC

7
10.045
9.993
10.007
9.990
10.010
50.045
10.009
0.055
0.022

8
9.970
9.999
9.989
9.999
10.014
49.971
9.994
0.044
0.016

9
10.019
9.989
9.998
9.997
9.986
49.989
9.998
0.033
0.013

N
n

DESVEST

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LC
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998
9.998

LSC
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484
19.484

10.01
10.00 10.00

5
LSC

10.00

10.00

10
9.954
10.011
10.003
9.987
10.005
49.960
9.992
0.057
0.023

9.99

9.99

10

PROC DE MAQUINADO

50
5

1
2
3
4
5
SUMA
MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

1
9.978
10.010
9.996
9.991
9.995
50.970
9.994
0.032
0.011

2
10.008
10.025
10.017
10.008
9.989
52.047
10.009
0.036
0.013

3
10.035
10.015
9.994
9.991
9.998
53.033
10.007
0.044
0.018

MEDIA X

4
10.012
10.025
9.972
10.013
10.011
54.033
10.007
0.053
0.020

5
10.009
10.007
10.027
9.988
9.967
54.998
10.000
0.060
0.023

6
10.004
9.998
10.026
10.032
10.019
56.079
10.016
0.034
0.014

RANGO R

10.050

0.100

0.050

10.000
9.950

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

0.040
10.002
0.016

0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

PROC DE MAQUINADO
10.001
10.011
10.003
10.009
9.994
10.016
10.002
9.995
10.001
10.002

LIC
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106
1.106

25.000
20.000

10.01

15.000

10.01
10.00

10.00
10.000
5.000
0.000
1

2
LIC

4
LC

7
10.023
9.979
10.002
9.979
10.020
57.003
10.001
0.044
0.021

8
9.972
9.993
10.005
9.982
9.999
57.951
9.990
0.033
0.013

9
9.988
10.002
9.992
10.002
9.988
58.972
9.994
0.014
0.007

N
n

DESVEST

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LC
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102
11.102

LSC
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098
21.098

10.02
10.01
10.00 10.00

10.00
10.00

9.99

6
LSC

10
10.032
10.017
9.999
9.979
10.002
60.029
10.006
0.053
0.020

10

PROC DE MAQUINADO

50
5

lnterpretacin
Cuando un procesoe estbajo control estadstico los puntos de una grfica de control fluctuan alazar entre los lmites sin un p
Esto nos dice que este proceso se encuentra parcciera pero no es asi ya que
L. No hay algn punto fuera de los lmites de control.
2. La cantidad de puntos por encima y por debajo de la lnea central es aproximadamente la misma.
3. Los puntos parecen concurrir aleatoriamente lnea central.
4. La mayora de los puntos, pero no todos, aparecen cerca de la lnea central, y slo unos
cuantos se ubican cerca de los lmites de control.

lnterpretacin
ctuan alazar entre los lmites sin un patrn reconocible.

e la misma.

7. Al probar la resistencia de un componente utilizado en una microcomputadora, se

obtuvieron los siguientes datos:
Trace las grficas X y R para estos datos. Determine si el proceso est bajo control. De
no ser as elimine cualquier causa asignable y calcule los lmites revisados.

MUESTRA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

1
414
408
396
390
398
400
444
430
376
342
400
408
382
402
399
460
404
375
390
394
396
970
418
398
428

OBSERVACIONES
2
388
382
402
398
442
400
390
372
398
400
402
414
430
409
424
375
420
380
392
399
416
411
450
398
406

3
402
406
392
362
436
414
410
362
382
402
384
388
400
400
413
445
437
410
414
380
400
403
451
415
390

SUMA
1204
1196
1190
1150
1276
1214
1244
1164
1156
1144
1186
1210
1212
1211
1236
1280
1261
1165
1196
1173
1212
1784
1319
1211
1224

700
600
500
400

401

399

397

383

13

14

19

425

405

415

24

27

388

385

381

395

403

404

404

11

34

10

14

24

300
200
100
0

37

14

13

0
1

PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

24

19

5
4

410.907
54.280
29.804

37

27

8
7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

34

11
9

10

11

24

14

10
12

RESISTENCIA COMPONENTE
401.333
398.667
396.667
383.333
425.333
404.667
414.667
388.000
385.333
381.333
395.333
403.333
404.000
403.667
412.000
426.667
420.333
388.333
398.667
391.000
404.000
594.667
439.667
403.667
408.000

13

5
14

LIC
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094
350.094

700.000
600.000
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0.000
1

10

LIC

LC

MEDIA X
401
399
397
383
425
405
415
388
385
381
395
403
404
404
412
427
420
388
399
391
404
595
440
404
408

RANGO R
26
26
10
36
44
14
54
68
22
60
18
26
48
9
25
85
33
35
24
19
20
567
33
17
38

DESVEST
13
14
5
19
24
8
27
37
11
34
10
14
24
5
13
45
17
19
13
10
11
325
19
10
19

595
567
404

412

427

420

388

399

391

440

404

404

408

325

MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

13

45

17

19

13

10

11

19

10

19

14

45

13

5
15

16

LC
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411
411

10

11

12

19

17
17

18

13
19

20

21

22

LSC
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719
471.719

13

14

15

19

11

10

23

24

N
n

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

75
3

23

24

19

10

25

25

LSC

RESISTENCIA COMPONENTE

MUESTRA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25

1
414
408
396
390
398
400
444
430
376
342
400
408
382
402
399
460
404
375
390
394
396
418
398
428

OBSERVACIONES
2
388
382
402
398
442
400
390
372
398
400
402
414
430
409
424
375
420
380
392
399
416
450
398
406

3
402
406
392
362
436
414
410
362
382
402
384
388
400
400
413
445
437
410
414
380
400
451
415
390

SUMA
1204
1196
1190
1150
1276
1214
1244
1164
1156
1144
1186
1210
1212
1211
1236
1280
1261
1165
1196
1173
1212
1319
1211
1224

22

970

411

403

SE REMOVIO
1784

MEDIA X
401
399
397
383
425
405
415
388
385
381
395
403
404
404
412
427
420
388
399
391
404
440
404
408

595

500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

PROMEDIO DE MEDIAS X
RANGO PROMEDIO
PROMEDIO DE DESVEST

403.250
32.917
17.501

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

RESISTENCIA COMPONENTE
401.333
398.667
396.667
383.333
425.333
404.667
414.667
388.000
385.333
381.333
395.333
403.333
404.000
403.667
412.000
426.667
420.333
388.333
398.667
391.000
404.000
439.667
403.667
408.000

LIC
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928
332.928

13

500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
0.000
1

RESISTENCIA COMPONENTE

10

11

12

LIC

14

15

RANGO R
26
26
10
36
44
14
54
68
22
60
18
26
48
9
25
85
33
35
24
19
20
33
17
38

DESVEST
13
14
5
19
24
8
27
37
11
34
10
14
24
5
13
45
17
19
13
10
11
19
10
19

567

325

MEDIA X
RANGO R
DESVEST

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

LC
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392
392

15

16

LSC
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775
451.775

17
LC

18

19

N
n

20

21

22
LSC

23

24

74
3

PC Drives tiene un proceso de manufactura que est normalmente distribuido y tiene

los siguientes promedios y rangos de muestra, para B muestras de tamao 5. Determine
los lmites de capacidad del proceso. Si se determina que las especificaciones
son 6.9 7, qu porcentaje est fuera de especificacin
MUESTRA
MEDIA X
RANGO

1
77.4
6.3

MUESTRAS
TAMAO
ESPECIFICACION

2
60.2
8.1

3
63.5
7.6

4
72.7
7.5

A2
D4
D3

0.577
2.114
0

d2

5
54.4
5.3

8
5
69 7

Grafica X
LSC =
LIC =

Grafica R
D4 =
D3 =
69.25
7.0125

LSC =
LIC =
D4 =
D3 =

73.30
65.20
14.82
0

Esp = 69 7

62
3.01

76

2.326

3.01

62

LimInf

Cp= LSE-LIE/6
A1 : Z= X-/
A1

LimSup

A2 : Z= X-/

69.25

76

0.77
-2.4

0.4918

0.0082

0.82%

2.24

0.4875

A2

0.0125

1.25%

Total Defectuosos

0.0207

2.07%

6
80.4
7.9

7
70.8
6.8

8
74.6
6.6

EJERCICIO 33
Diariamente se inspeccionan 100 formularios de reclamacin de seguros durante 25
das laborales, y la cantidad de formularios con erores se registr en la tabla siguiente.
Elabore una grifica p. Si algn punto cae fuera de los lmites de control, suponga que
se han determinado causas asignables y elabore una grafica revisada.

DIA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2

DEFECTUOSOS
3
3
3
2
0
3
0
1
7
3
2
0
0
4
1
2
4
0
1
1
0
2
8
2
1

LCI
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85
-0.85

LCS
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09
5.09

8
7

4
3

3
2

2
1
0

0
6

2
1

2
1

0 0
0
0
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

DEFECTUOSOS

LCI

LCS

n=
np =
c=

N. de Formularios defectuosos
N. defectos

VC = np =

np =

p=

Constante
p
u

total de formularios con errores

Numero de muestras inspeccionadas
53
25

2.12
100

LCS

np + (3 raiz(1-p))

LCI

np - (3 raiz(1-p))

2.12

0.0212

p (es p promedio)

2
1
23 24 25

LCS

5.09

LCI

-0.85