MC LC

LI M U ................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG ........................................................... 2
1.1. M U ............................................................................................... 2
1.2. H THNG IU KHIN T XA .................................................... 2
1.3. TNG QUT VI IU KHIN 8051 ................................................ 4
1.3.1. Gii thiu lch s ca 8051 ........................................................... 4
1.3.2. Cc phin bn ca 8051 ................................................................. 4
1.3.3. Cc hng sn xut .......................................................................... 5
1.3.3.1. Hng Atmel ............................................................................. 5
1.3.3.2. Hng Philips ............................................................................ 6
1.3.3.3. Hng Dallas Semiconductor ................................................. 6
1.3.4. Cu trc vi iu khin 8051 .......................................................... 7
1.3.4.1. Cu trc phn cng giao tip bn ngoi ................................ 7
1.3.4.2. Cu trc bn trong vi iu khin 8051 ................................ 10
1.4. TNG QUT V TN HIU HNG NGOI ................................. 22
1.4.1. Khi nim .................................................................................... 22
1.4.2. Ngun pht tia hng ngoi .......................................................... 23
1.4.3. B pht tn hiu hng ngoi ........................................................ 24
1.4.4. B thu tn hiu hng ngoi .......................................................... 25
1.5. TNG QUT B IU KHIN REMOTE PHT TIA IR ........... 25
1.5.1. Gii thiu ...................................................................................... 25
1.5.2. Gii m tn hiu iu khin TV SHARP .................................... 26
CHNG 2. XY DNG M HNH PHN CNG H THNG ..... 36
2.1. M U ............................................................................................. 36
2.2. S KHI H THNG ................................................................ 36
2.3. CHC NNG V HOT NG CC THNH PHN ................ 37
2.3.1. Khi ngun ................................................................................... 37
2.3.2. Khi keyboard kim tra ............................................................... 38
2.3.3. Khi pht tn hiu IR ................................................................... 38
2.3.4. Khi thu tn hiu IR ..................................................................... 39
2.3.5. Khi x l tn hiu ....................................................................... 40
2.3.6. Khi m dng ............................................................................. 40
2.3.7. Khi chp hnh ............................................................................ 41
2.3.8. Khi hin th................................................................................. 42
2.4. LIT K, TNH TON CC LINH KIN TRN MCH ............. 42
2.4.1. Lit k linh kin .......................................................................... 42
2.4.2. Tnh ton la chn cc linh kin ................................................. 42
2.5. S NGUYN L V MCH IN ............................................... 43
2.6. NGUYN L HOT NG H THNG ...................................... 47
2.7. NH CHP M HNH THC ......................................................... 48
NHN XT ................................................................................................ 48
CHNG 3. XY DNG CHNG TRNH PHN MM IU
KHIN ........................................................................................................... 49
3.1. M U ............................................................................................. 49
3.2. HP NG ASSEMBLY .................................................................... 49
3.3. LU THUT GII ..................................................................... 50
3.3.1. Lu thut gii Keyboard ........................................................ 50
3.3.1. Lu thut gii iu khin bng Remote TV Sharp ............... 51
3.4. SON THO V BIN DCH CHNG TRNH ......................... 51
3.5. CHNG TRNH IU KHIN ..................................................... 54
3.5.1. Chng trnh kim tra keyboard trn mch ............................... 54
3.5.2. Kt qu chy kim tra mch ........................................................ 56
3.5.3. Chng trnh khi iu khin bng Remore TV SHARP ........... 56
3.5.4. Kt qu chy trn m hnh thc .................................................. 60
NHN XT ................................................................................................ 63
KT LUN .................................................................................................... 63
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................... 65




1
LI M U
Vo nm 1980 Intel cng b chp 8051(80C51), b vi iu khin u
tin ca h vi iu khin MCS-51. N bao gm 4KB ROM, 128 byte RAM,
32 ng xut nhp, 1 port ni tip v 2 b nh thi 16 bit. Tip theo sau
l s ra i ca chip 8052,8053,8055 vi nhiu tnh nng c ci tin , v
c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh iu khin t ng ,my tnh , cm
bin, qung co
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng khoa hc tin tin, th gi ang thay
i tng ngy, cng nh s thay i ca k thut in t to ra hng lot
nhng thit b thng minh c tnh ni bt nhanh v chnh xc cao gn
nh, ph hp vi xu th pht trin hin nay.
Mt trong nhng ng dng rt hay ca chp vi iu khin AT89C51 l
iu khin cc thit b dng sng mang. Do vy xut pht t ng dng quan
trng ca khoa hc k thut , em chn ti Thit K Mch Thu Pht
Hng Ngoi iu Khin Thit B T Xa S Dng Vi iu Khin 8051
lm n tt nghip ca mnh. n gm cc ni dung sau:
Chng 1: Gii thiu chung.
Chng 2: Xy dng m hnh phn cng ca h thng.
Chng 3: Xy dng chng trnh phn mm iu khin.
Kt qu ca n l mt b sn phm thit b iu khin t xa cho
h thng bn n chiu sng.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong Khoa in in t
to mi iu kin thun li cho em trong qu trnh hc tp cng nh khi
thc hin n tt nghip ny.
Hi Phng, ngy 20 thng 5 nm 2013



V Vn Duy



2
CHNG 1.
GII THIU CHUNG
1.1. M U
Hin nay c rt nhiu h Vi iu khin trn th trng vi nhiu ng
dng khc nhau, trong h Vi iu khin h MCS-51 c s dng rt rng
ri trn th gii v Vit nam.. VK8051 c kh nng tng t nh kh
nng ca vi x l, nhng cu trc phn cng dnh cho ngi dng n gin
hn nhiu. Vi iu khin ra i mang li s tin li i vi ngi dng, h
khng cn nm vng mt khi lng kin thc qu ln, kt cu mch in
dnh cho ngi dng cng tr nn n gin hn nhiu v c kh nng giao
tip trc tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
1.2. H THNG IU KHIN T XA
iu khin t xa l mt h thng iu khin cho php ta iu khin
cc thit b t khong cch xa: nh iu khin bng sng v tuyn, qua
mng, iu khin FM ,tia hng ngoi
S cu trc h thng :

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc chung h thng.
Thit b pht: Bin i lnh iu khin thnh tn hiu tng t v
truyn i.
Thit b thu: S a tn hiu t bn pht sang bn thu.
Khi x l: Nhn tn hiu t ng truyn qua qu trnh bin i
chuyn n c cu chp hnh.
Khi hin th: Nhn lnh t khi x l tn hiu v thc hin cng
vic iu khin.
3
Nhng trong cuc sng hin i hng ngy, iu khin t xa bng tia
hng ngoi tr ln thng dng v cn thit i vi cc thit b trong gia
nh nh : ti vi, qut, my iu ha, u a, cc thit b chiu sng

Hnh 1.2: ng dng iu khin.
Thay v phi ng dy bt hay tt nhng thit b , chng ta ch
vic ngi ti ch vi chic iu khin t xa trong tay, ta c th tt m
nhng dng c theo mun. Vi cc thit b iu khin t xa, ta c th lm
c rt nhiu vic m khng phi mt nhiu cng sc, iu ny cng c
ngha khi ta mi mt, khng tin i li hay ang cn tp trung ht mc vo
mt cng vic no , cng n gin l bn mun c cm gic thc s lm
ch nhng thit b phc v cuc sng ca mnh. l mt ng dng rt th
v v tin ch trong cuc sng hng ngy.
4
1.3. TNG QUT VI IU KHIN 8051
1.3.1. Gii thiu lch s ca 8051
Vo nm 1980. Hng Intel gii thiu mt b vi iu khin c gi
l 8051. B vi iu khin ny c 128 byte RAM, 4K byte ROM trn chp,
hai b nh thi, mt cng ni tip v 4 cng vo - ra I/O. Lc y n c
coi l mt h thng trn chp. 8051 l mt b x l 8 bit c ngha l CPU
ch c th lm vic vi 8 bit d liu ti mt thi im. D liu ln hn 8 bit
c chia ra thnh cc d liu 8 bit cho x l. Tip theo sau l s ra
i ca chip 8052,8053,8055 vi nhiu tnh nng c ci tin.

Hnh 1.3: Vi iu Khin 8051.
VK8051 tr nn ph bin sau khi Intel cho php cc nh sn
xut khc cng nghin cu sn xut cc phin bn ca 8051. iu ny dn
n s ra i nhiu phin bn ca 8051 vi cc tc khc nhau v dung
lng ROM trn chp khc nhau. Nhng tt c chng u tng thch vi
8051 ban u v tp lnh.
1.3.2. Cc phin bn ca 8051
B vi iu khin u tin ca h vi iu khin MCS-51 c trang b
4KB ROM, 128 byte RAM, 32 ng xut nhp, 1 port ni tip v 2 b
5
nh thi 16 bit. Tip theo sau l s ra i ca chip 8052,8053, 8055,
c s dng rng ri trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam.
Hng Atmel c cc chip Vi iu khin c tnh nng tng t nh
chip MCS-51 ca Intel, cc m s chip c thay i cht t, m s 80
chuyn thnh 89, chng hn 80C51 ca Intel khi sn xut Atmel m s
thnh 89C51. Tng t 8052, 8053, 8055 c m s tng ng Atmel
l: 89C52, 89C53, 89C55.
Bng 1.1: Cc phin bn ca 8051.
Phin bn Dung lng RAM Dung lng ROM
89C51 128 byte 4 Kbyte
89C52 128 byte 8 Kbyte
89C53 128 byte 12 Kbyte
89C55 128 byte 20 Kbyte
1.3.3. Cc hng sn xut
1.3.3.1. Hng Atmel
Chp 8051 hng ny c ROM trn chp dng b nh Flash. iu ny l
l tng i vi nhng pht trin nhanh v b nh Flash c th c xo trong
vi giy. V l do ny m AT89C51 pht trin mt h thng da trn b vi
iu khin yu cu mt b t ROM m c h tr b nh Flash. Trong b nh
Flash ta phi xo ton b ni dung ca ROM nhm lp trnh li cho n. Vic
xo b nh Flash c thc hin bi chnh b t ROM.
Ch C trong k hiu AT89C51 l CMOS, 12 k hiu cho 12
MHZ, P l kiu ng v DIP v ch C cui cng l k hiu cho thng
mi. AT89C51 - 12PC rt ph hp cho cc ti nghin cu ca sinh vin

6
Bng 1.2: 8051 ca hng Atmel.
S linh kin ROM RAM Chn I /O Timer Ngt Vcc ngv
AT89C51 4K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
AT89LV51 4K 128 32 2 6 3V 40
AT89C1051 1K 64 15 1 3 3V 20
AT89C2051 2K 128 15 2 6 3V 20
AT89C52 8K 128 32 3 8 5V 40
AT89LV52 8K 128 32 3 8 3V 40

1.3.3.2. Hng Philips
Mt nh sn xut ca h 8051 khc na l Philips, hng ny c mt
di la chn rng ln cho cc b VK 8051. Nhiu sn phm ca hng
c km theo cc c tnh nh cc b chuyn i ADC, DAC, cng I/0 m
rng.
1.3.3.3. Hng Dallas Semiconductor
Mt phin bn ph bin khc na ca 8051 l DS5000 ca hng
Dallas Semiconductor. B nh ROM trn chp ca DS5000 di dng
NV-RAM. Kh nng c/ ghi ca n cho php chng trnh c np vo
ROM trn chp trong khi n vn trong h thng (khng cn phi ly ra).
iu ny cn c th c thc hin thng qua cng ni tip ca my tnh
IBM PC.
Mt u vit ca NV-RAM l kh nng thay i ni dung ca ROM
theo tng byte ti mt thi im. iu ny tng phn vi b nh Flash v
EPROM m b nh ca chng phi c xo sch trc khi lp trnh li
cho chng.

7
Bng 1.3: 8051 ca hng Dallas Semiconductor.
M linh kin ROM RAM
Chn
I /O
Timer Ngt Vcc ng v
DS5000-8 8K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000-32 32K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 8K 128 32 2 6 5V 40
DS5000T-8 32K 128 32 2 6 5V 40

Ch T ng sau 5000 l c ng h thi gian thc RTC. RTC to
v gi thi gian l pht, gi, ngy, thng, nm k c khi tt ngun.
1.3.4. Cu trc vi iu khin 8051
1.3.4.1. Cu trc phn cng giao tip bn ngoi
a. S chn. Hu ht cc hng sn xut ng v 40 chn vi hai hng
chn.

Hnh 1.4: S chn 8051
Chn VCC: Chn s 40 l VCC cp in p +5V cho Vi iu khin.
Chn GND: Chn s 20 ni GND.
Port 0 (P0): Gm 8 chn (t chn 32 n 39) c hai chc nng:
8
Chc nng xut/nhp: Cc chn ny c dng nhn tn hiu t
bn ngoi vo x l, hoc dng xut tn hiu ra bn ngoi.
Chc nng l bus d liu v bus a ch (AD7-AD0) : 8 chn ny lm
nhim v ly d liu t ROM hoc RAM.
Port 1 (P1): Gm 8 chn (t chn 1 n chn 8), ch c chc nng lm cc
ng xut/nhp, khng c chc nng khc.
Port 2 (P2): Gm 8 chn (t chn 21 n chn 28) c hai chc nng:
Chc nng xut/nhp v chc nng l bus a ch cao (A8-A15): Khi
kt ni vi b nh ngoi c dung lng ln.
Port 3 (P3): Gm 8 chn (t chn 10 n 17):
Chc nng xut/nhp v chc nng ring th hai nh trong bng sau:
Bng 1.4: Cc chc nng ring ca P3.
Bit Bit Chc nng
P3.0 RxD Ng vo nhn d liu ni tip
P3.1 TxD Ng xut d liu ni tip
P3.2 INT0\ Ng vo ngt cng th 0
P3.3 INT1\ Ng vo ngt cng th 1
P3.4 T0 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter th 0
P3.5 T1 Ng vo ca Timer/Counter th 1
P3.6 WR\ Ng iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi
P3.7 RD\ Ng iu khin c d liu t b nh bn ngoi

Chn RESET (RST) (Chn 9)
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset dng thit lp trng thi
ban u cho vi iu khin. H thng s c thit lp li cc gi tr ban u
nu ng ny mc 1.
Chn XTAL1 v XTAL2 (Chn 18 v 19)
Hai chn ny c v tr chn l 18 v 19 c s dng nhn ngun
xung clock t bn ngoi hot ng, thng c ghp ni vi thch anh
v cc t to ngun xung clock n nh.
9
Chn cho php b nh chng trnh PSEN\: (Chn 29)
Dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi. Chn ny thng c
ni vi chn OE\ (outputenable) ca ROM ngoi.
Khi vi iu khin lm vic vi b nh chng trnh ngoi, chn ny
kch hot mc 0.
Khi thc thi mt chng trnh ROM ni, chn ny c duy tr
mc logic khng tch cc (logic 1).
Chn ALE: (Chn 30)
L chn cho php cht a ch khi Vi iu khin truy xut b nh t
bn ngoi. Tn hiu chn ALE dng lm tn hiu iu khin gii a
hp cc ng a ch v cc ng d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht.
Chn EA\: ( Chn 31)
L chn dng xc nh chng trnh thc hin c ly t ROM
ni hay ROM ngoi. Khi EA ni vi logic 1(+5V) th Vi iu khin thc
hin chng trnh ly t b nh ni. Khi EA ni vi logic 0(0V) th Vi iu
khin thc hin chng trnh ly t b nh ngoi.
b. Kt ni phn cng ca XTAL1 v XTAL2
Mch dao ng c a vo hai chn ny thng thng c kt
ni vi dao ng thch anh nh sau:

Hnh 1.5: Kt ni b dao ng thch anh.
C1=C2= 30pF dng n nh dao ng cho thch anh.
10
c. Kt ni phn cng ca chn RESET
Vic kt ni chn RESET m bo h thng bt u lm vic khi Vi
iu khin c cp in, hoc ang hot ng m h thng b li cn tc
ng cho Vi iu khin hot ng tr li, hoc do ngi s dng mun
quay v trng thi hot ng ban u. V vy chn RESET c kt ni
nh sau:

Hnh 1.6: Kt ni b Reset.
Vi iu khin s dng thch anh c tn s f
zat
= 12MHz, C=10F v
R=10K.
1.3.4.2. Cu trc bn trong vi iu khin 8051
Tt c cc b Flash Microcontrollers ca Atmel u t chc cc vng
a ch tch bit i vi b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu, c m t
trong hnh sau:
11

Hnh 1.7: Cu trc bn trong VK 8051.
b. B nh chng trnh- ROM
B nh ROM dng lu chng trnh do ngi vit chng trnh vit
ra. Chng trnh l tp hp cc cu lnh th hin cc thut ton gii
quyt cc cng vic c th, chng trnh c vit sau c a vo
lu trong ROM ca vi iu khin, khi hot ng vi iu khin truy xut
tng cu lnh trong ROM thc hin chng trnh. Trong qu trnh hot
ng ni dung ROM l c nh, khng th thay i, ni dung ROM ch
thay i khi ROM ch xa hoc np chng trnh.

Hnh 1.8: Cu trc b nh chng trnh
12
B nh ROM c nh a ch theo tng Byte, cc byte c nh
a ch theo h s hexa.
B nh ROM ca Vi iu khin c dung lng ty vo chng loi
cn dng, chng hn i vi 89S51 l 4KByte, vi 89S52 l 8Kbyte, vi
89S53 l 12Kbyte. Ngoi ra c kh nng m rng b nh ROM vi vic
giao tip vi b nh ROM bn ngoi ln n 64Kbyte. Khi khi ng, CPU
bt u thc hin chng trnh v tr 0000H.
b. B nh d liu-RAM
B nh RAM dng lm mi trng x l thng tin, lu tr cc kt
qu trung gian v kt qu cui cng ca cc php ton, x l thng tin.
B nh d liu (RAM) tn ti c lp so vi b nh chng trnh. H vi
iu khin 8051 c b nh d liu tch hp trn chip nh nht l 128byte
a ch t 00h n 7Fh. Phm vi a ch t 80h n FFh dnh cho SFR.
VK c th m rng vi b nh d liu ngoi ln ti 64kByte. Khi s
dng RAM ngoi, CPU s dng n cc chn RD v WR khi truy cp n
b nh d liu ngoi. CPU c v ghi d liu nh tn hiu trn cc chn
RD v WR.

Hnh 1.9: Cu trc b nh d liu.
Cu trc b nh d liu RAM trong chip, c chia thnh 128 byte
thp, 128 byte cao. Chi tit c m t trong hnh sau:
13

Hnh 1.10: B nh d liu RAM.

Vng nh 128 Byte thp
a ch t 00n 7Fh, chia thnh 3 vng:
a ch t (00-1F) c ln 32 Byte l 4 bng thanh ghi (bank 0-
banh 3) mi bank c 8 thanh ghi 8 bit. Cc thanh ghi trong mi bank c tn
gi t R0-R7.
a ch t (20-2F) c ln 16Byte ,16 byte x 8 bit = 128 bit, cho
php truy cp a ch trc tip bng a ch mc bit.
14
a ch t (30-7F) c ln 80Byte, c dng cho ngi dng
lu tr d liu. y c th xem l vng RAM a mc ch, c th truy cp
vng nh ny bng a ch trc tip hoc gin tip.
Vng nh 128 Byte cao dnh cho SFR
c nh a ch t 80 n FFh gm cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit sau:
Bng 1.5: a ch thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR.
F8H FFH
F0H B

E0H ACC

D0H PSW


B8H IP
B0H P3
A8H IE
A0H P2
98H SCON SBUF
90H P1
88H TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 8FH
80H P0 SP DPL DPH 87H

Thanh ghi A: L thanh ghi tch ly, dng lu tr cc ton hng v
kt qu ca my tnh.ACC (Accumulator) a ch 0E0H c di 8.
Thanh ghi B: L thanh ghi tnh ton ph, dng thc hin cc
php ton nhn, chia.Thanh ghi B a ch 0F0H, c di 8 bit.
Thanh ghi ngn xp SP (Stack Pointer): L thanh ghi 8 bit a ch
81H. SP cha a ch ca d liu hin ang nh ca stack. Gi tr ca n
t ng tng ln khi thc hin lnh PUSH trc khi ghi d liu c lu
tr trong ngn xp. Gi tr ca n t ng gim xung khi thc hin lnh
POP. Ngn xp c th t bt k v tr no trong RAM nhng khi khi
ng li h thng th con tr mc nh s tr ti a ch 07h.
15
Thanh ghi trng thi chng trnh (PSW): L thanh ghi m t ton
b trng thi chng trnh ang hot ng ca h thng. a ch l D0H.
Bng 1.6: M t cc bit trong thanh ghi PSW.
Bit
K
Hiu
a Ch M t Bit
PSW.7 CY D7H
C nh (Carry Flag): c Set nu c Bit
nh t Bit 7 trong php cng hoc c Bit
mn cho Bit 7 trong php tr.
PSW.6 AC D6H
C nh ph: c Set trong php cng nu
c Bit nh t Bit 3 sang Bit 4 hoc kt qu
trong 4 Bit thp nm trong khong 0AH-
>0FH.
PSW.5 FO D5H C O: dnh cho ngi s dng.
PSW.4 RS1 D4H Chn dy thanh ghi (Bit 1)
PSW.3 RS0 D3H
Chn dy thanh ghi (Bit 0)
00=Bank 0: a ch 00H->07H
01=Bank 1: a ch 08H->0FH
10=Bank 2: a ch 10H->17H
11=Bank 3: a ch 18H->1FH
PSW.2 OV D2H
C trn (Overflow Flag): c Set khi php
ton c du c kt qu > +127 hoc < -128.
PSW.1 - D1H
Cha dng
PSW.0 P D0H
C kim tra chn l: c Set hoc Clear
bi phn cng sau mi 1 chu k lnh, ch
ra rng c 1 s chn hoc s l Bit 1 trong
thanh cha.

16
Con tr d liu DPTR: DPTR l mt thanh ghi 16 bit c a ch l
82H (DPL, byte thp) v 83H (DPH, byte cao), dng truy xut b nh
chng trnh ngoi hoc b nh d liu ngoi.
Thanh ghi cng P0-P3: Cc port xut/nhp ca 8051 bao gm Port
0 ti a ch 80H, Port 1 ti a ch 90H, Port 2 ti a ch A0H v Port 3 ti
a ch B0H. Tt c cc port u c nh a ch tng bit nhm cung cp
cc kh nng giao tip mnh.
Thanh ghi SBUF: L thanh ghi m truyn thng ni tip c chia
thnh 2 thanh ghi ring bit, thanh ghi m pht v thanh ghi m thu.Khi
d liu c chuyn vo thanh ghi SBUF, d liu s c chuyn vo b
m pht v s c lu gi bin thnh dng truyn tin ni tip.
Khi thc hin vic chuyn d liu t SBUF ra ngoi, n s i ra t b m
thu.
Thanh ghi Timer: 8051 c 2 b m/nh thi nh cc khong
thi gian hoc m cc s kin. Cc cp thanh ghi (TH0, TL0) v (TH1,
TL1) l cc thanh ghi 16 bit tng ng vi cc b Timer/Counter 0 v 1.
Thanh ghi ch timer TMOD: Gm 8 bit chia thnh 2 nhm: 4 bit
thp t ch hot ng cho Timer 0 v 4 bit cao t ch hot ng
cho Timer 1.

17
Bng 1.7: M t cc bit trong thanh ghi TMOD.
Bit Tn Time M t
TMOD.7 GATE 1
Bit iu khin cng.
Khi GATE =1 b time/count 1 chy khi
INTx mc cao.
Khi GATE =0 b time/count 1chy khi TRx
mc cao.
TMOD.6 C/T 1
Bit chn ch timer/counter.
1: B m s kin.
0: B nh khong thi gian.
TMOD.5 M1 1 Bit 1 ca ch ( Mode )
TMOD.4 M0 1
Bit 0 ca ch
00: Ch 0: time 13 bit.
01: Ch 1: time 16 bit.
10: Ch 2: time t ng np li.
11: Ch 3: tch time
TMOD.3 GATE 0 Nt
TMOD.2 C/T 0 Nt
TMOD.1 M1 0 Nt
TMOD.0 M0 0 Nt

Thanh ghi iu khin TimerTCON: Gm cc bit trng thi v cc
bit iu khin bi Timer 0 v Timer 1.
Bng 1.8: M t cc bit trong thanh ghi TCON.
Bit K hiu
a
ch
M t
TCON.7 TF1 8FH
C bo trn TIMER 1. c t bi phn
cng, khi trn c xa bng phn mm, hay
phn cng khi b x l ch n chng trnh
phc v ngt.
TCON.6 TR1 8EH
Bt iu khin timer 1 chy , dt v xa bng
phn mm.
18
TCON.5 TF0 8DH C bo trn timer 0, tng t nh timer 1
TCON.4 TR0 8CH
Bt iu khin chy cho timer 0 , t xa bng
phn mm.
TCON.3 IE1 8BH C bo ngt 1 bn ngoi.
TCON.2 IT1 8AH C ngt do timer 1.
TCON.1 IE0 89H C bo ngt do timer 0.
TCON.0 IT0 88h C ngt do timer 0.
Thanh ghi I E: L thanh ghi cho php ngt.
Bng 1.9: M t cc bit trong thanh ghi IE.
Bt K hiu a ch bit M t (1: cho php, 0: cm)
IE.7 EA AFH Cho php hoc cm ton b
IE.6 EA AEH Khng c nh ngha
IE.5 ET2 ADH Cho php ngt t Time 2
IE.4 ES ACH Cho php ngt Port ni tip
IE.3 ET1 ABH Cho php ngt t Time 1
IE.2 EX1 AAH Cho php ngt ngoi 1
IE.1 ET0 A9H Cho php ngt t Time 0
IE.0 EX0 A8H Cho php ngt ngoi 0

Cc ch hot ng ca Timer/Counter
VK 8051 c 4 ch hot ng c m t nh sau:
Ch 0: L ch 13 bit bao gm 8 bit ca thanh ghi THx v 5 bit
ca thanh ghi TLx cn 3 bit cao ca thanh ghi TLx khng s dng. Mi ln
c xung m, gi tr trong thanh ghi 13 bit tng ln 1. Khi gi tr m thay
i t 8192 v 0 th b m trn lm cho TFx c t ln mc 1.
Ch 1: L ch 16 bit bao gm 8 bit ca THx v 8 bit ca TLx..
Ch 0 v ch 1 ging nhau nhng ch khc s bit m. Khi b m
thay i t 65536 v 0, c trn TFx c set ln mc 1. Khi timer trn, gi
19
tr ca cc thanh ghi m l 0 (THx = 0 v TLx = 0) nn nu mun timer
hot ng tip th phi np li gi tr cho cc thanh ghi THx v TLx.
Ch 2: L ch 8 bit trong s dng thanh ghi TLx cha
gi tr m cn thanh ghi THx cha gi tr np. Mi khi gi tr trong thanh
ghi TLx thay i t 256 v 0 th c TFx c set ln mc 1 ng thi gi
tr trong thanh ghi THx c chuyn vo thanh ghi TLx. Gi tr m trong
TLx v THx ch c np mt ln khi khi ng timer.
Ch 3: L ch s dng cc thanh ghi TL0 v TH0 nh cc b
nh thi c lp trong TL0 iu khin bng cc thanh ghi ca timer 0
v TH0 iu khin bng cc thanh ghi ca tmer 1. Khi TL0 m trn th
TF0 thit lp mc 1. Cn TH0 khi c trn th TF1 c t ln mc 1.
1.3.5. Tp lnh VK8051
Cc lnh ca AT89C51 c chia thnh 5 nhm lnh:
- Nhm lnh di chuyn d liu.
- Nhm lnh s hc.
- Nhm lnh logic.
- Nhm lnh r nhnh chng trnh.
- Nhm lnh iu khin bin logic.
Cc quy c trong cu lnh v a ch
+ Rn: Thanh ghi R0-R7 ca bng thanh ghi hin hnh ang c chn
nh a ch thanh ghi.
+ Direct: a ch 8 bit ca nh d liu ni tr, n c th l nh
trong RAM ni hoc SFR. (00h-FFh)
+ @Ri: nh 8 bit ca RAM ni c nh a ch gin tip thng qua
thanh ghi R0 hc R1.
+ Source (Src): ton hng ngun, c th l Rn hoc direct hoc @Ri.
20
+ Dest: Ton hng ch, c th l Rn hoc direct hoc @Ri.
+ Bit: Bit c nh a ch trc tip trong RAM ni tr hoc SFR.
+ Rel: Offset 8 bit c du (t -128 n +127
+ Addr11: a ch 11 bit ca b nh chng.
+ Addr16: a ch 16 bit ca 64Kb b nh chng trnh.
Nhm lnh di chuyn d liu
Lnh MOV dng Byte:
MOV <dest-byte>, <src-byte>
Lnh MOV dng Bit:
MOV <dest-bit>, <scr-bit>
Lnh MOV dng Word:
MOV DPTR, #data16
Lnh chuyn byte m lnh:
MOVC A, @A + <thanh ghi c s>
Lnh chuyn d liu ra ngoi:
MOVX <dest-byte>, <src-byte>
Lnh chuyn s liu vo ngn xp:
PUSH direct
Lnh chuyn s liu vo ngn xp:
PUSH direct
Hon chuyn d liu:
XCH A, <byte>
Hon chuyn 4 bit thp:
XCHD A,@Ri

Nhm lnh tnh ton s hc
Lnh cng c nh.
ADDC A, <scr-byte>
Lnh tr c mn.
SUBB A, <scr-byte>
Lnh tng ln 1 n v.
INC <byte>
Lnh gim 1 n v.
DEC <byte>
Lnh tng con tr d liu.
INC DPTR
21
Lnh thc hin php nhn.
MUL AB
Lnh thc hin php chia.
DIV AB
Hiu chnh s thp phn.
DA A

Nhm lnh tnh ton logic
Lnh AND cho cc bin 1 byte.
ANL <dest-byte>, <src-byte>
Lnh AND cho cc bin 1 bit
C, <src-bit>
Lnh OR cho cc bin 1 byte
ORL <dest-byte>, <src-byte>
Lnh X-OR cho cc bin 1 byte
XRL <dest-byte>, <src-byte>
Lnh dch tri thanh ghi A
RL A
Lnh dch tri thanh ghi A cng vi c nh
RLC A
Lnh dch phi thanh ghi A.
RR A
Lnh dch phi thanh ghi A cng vi c nh
RRC A
Lnh tro i ni dung hai na byte ca A
SWAP A

Nhm lnh r nhnh chng trnh
Lnh gi tuyt i.
ACALL addr11
Lnh gi di.
LCALL addr16
Lnh quay tr li t chng trnh con.
RET
Lnh quay tr li t ngt.
RETI
Lnh nhy gin tip.
JMP @A+DPTR
Lnh nhy nu 1 bit c thit lp.
22
JB bit, rel
Lnh nhy nu 1 bit khng c thit lp.
JNB bit, rel
Lnh nhy nu 1 bit c thit lp v xo bit .
JBC bit, rel
Lnh nhy nu c nh c thit lp.
JC rel
Lnh nhy nu c nh khng c thit lp.
JNC rel
Lnh nhy nu thanh ghi A bng 0.
JZ rel
Lnh nhy nu thanh ghi A khc 0.
JNZ rel
Lnh nhy khi so snh 2 ton hng.
CJNE <dest-byte>, <src-byte>, rel
Lnh gim v nhy.
DJNZ <byte>, <rel-address>
Lnh tm ngng hot ng.
NOP
Nhm lnh iu khin bin logic
Lnh xo bit
CLR bit
Lnh xo thanh ghi tch lu
CLR A
Lnh thit lp bit
SETB bit
Lnh ly b ca bit
CPL <bit>
Lnh ly b ca thanh ghi tch lu
CPL A

1.4. TNG QUT V TN HIU HNG NGOI
1.4.1. Khi nim
nh sng hng ngoi (infrared)-IR l nh sng khng th nhn thy
c bng mt thng, c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m. Tia
hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng.
23
Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng
dng rng ri trong cng nghip. Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh
sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t c th t 3 Mbit /s.
1.4.2. Ngun pht tia hng ngoi
+ Cc ngun dng pht ra tia hng ngoi nh:
Mt Tri l mt ngun pht tia hng ngoi mnh, c th con ngi c
nhit bnh thng l 37
o
C nn l mt ngun pht ra tia hng ngoi vi
bc sng khong 9 . Cc vt c nhit ln hn 0 K u c pht ra
tia hng ngoi. n dy tc, bp gas, l si l nhng ngun pht ra tia
hng ngoi kh mnh.
+ Bc sng ca cc ngun hng ngoi.

Hnh 1.11. Bc sng ca cc ngun hng ngoi.
IRED: Diode hng ngoi
LA : Laser bn dn
LR : n huynh quang
Q : n thy tinh
W : Bng n in vi si volfram
PT : Phototransistor
24
Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng (
s hi t qua thu knh, tiu cc..
nh sng v sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trong s suyn xut
qua vt cht, c nhng vt mt ta thy s phn chiu sng nhng i vi tia
hng ngoi l nhng vt phn chiu ti. Vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi
nh sng hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi khi n suyn qua
cc lp bn dn ra ngoi.
1.4.3. B pht tn hiu hng ngoi
pht chui m lnh iu khin ra ngoi khng gian ta dng led
pht hng ngoi, v cu to ging nh led pht quang bnh thng c phn
cc anot v katot nhng c ch to t vt liu bn dn Gallium Arsenide
nng lng pht ra l nh sng hng ngoi khng nhn thy c v dng
trong cc mch bo ng, iu khin t xa

Hnh 1.12: Led pht tia IR.
Thng s k thut:
- Ngun cp 3,8V-12V
- Dng in lm vic 15mA n 25mA
- Tn s sng mang 36-38KHz
- Nhit lm vic -40
o
c n + 85
o
c
25
1.4.4. B thu tn hiu hng ngoi
thu c tn hiu hng ngoi do thit b pht pht i c cha
chui lnh iu khin ta dng mt thit b thu v a qua khuch i, so
snh, phn tch thnh tn hiu s ri a vo vi iu khin. PIC 1018SCL -
L thit b thc hin chc nng .

Hnh 1.13: Mt thu IR PIC 1018SCL.
Cc thng s k thut:
- Supply Voltage l ngun cp 2.5-5V thng chn 5V
- Current Max: dng tiu th cc i Icc=1.5mA
- B.P.F Center Frequency: tn s dao ng F0=37.9KhZ
- High Lever Output Voltage : in p ra mc cao VOH=VCC-0.5V
- Low Lever Output Voltage : in p ra mc thp VOL=0.2V
- Temperature Storate : l nhit hot ng t -10
o
c n + 60
o
c.
1.5. TNG QUT B IU KHIN REMOTE PHT TIA IR
1.5.1. Gii thiu
B iu khin Remote l mt thit b dng pht ra cc chui m
lnh khc nhau. Mi nh sn xut khc nhau c quy nh chui m lnh
khc nhau. Chui m lnh c cu trc chung bao gm: ( bit Start, bit a
ch + bit D liu + bit Stop ).
26
Chui m c pht ra qua b pht hng ngoi khi ta nhn mt nt
trn Remote v bn thit b thu m lch s nhn c tn hiu a n b
x l nhm mc ch thc hin cc chc nng iu khin. Sau y l cc
loi Remote ca cc hng sn xut: Sharp, Sony, Samsung, Hitachi,
Toshiba v.v.


Hnh 1.14: Cc b iu khin TV cc hng.
1.5.2. Gii m tn hiu iu khin TV SHARP
Remore TV Sharp l mt b iu khin tivi Sharp ca nht bn bao
gm c 25 phm chc nng dng chn cc knh, ci t m lng, ci
t mu sc v.v.
27

Hnh 1.15: B iu khin TV Sharp TC-9807A.
Vic gii m tn hiu m bt ta dng thit b Oscilloscope. Ta cng c
th dng mt phn mm Scope 1.30 h tr ci t chy trn mi trng
window tin hnh gii m. Sau khi ci t thnh cng phn mm c giao
din nh sau:

Hnh 1.16: Giao in phn mm Scope 1.30.
Phn mm c chc nng tng t nh mt Oscilloscope, c 2 knh
o tn hiu CH1 v CH2, c th chnh cao ca xung tn hiu trong
(Amplitude[1/div]v rng trong (Time[sec]). a tn hiu vo cho
phn mm phn tch c th phi kt ni gia b remote iu khin v
28
my tnh thng qua cng Line IN trn main board my tnh bng dy kt
ni Audio.

Hnh 1.17: Cc cng on Main my tnh.
(1) L cng Line Out (tn hiu ra loa).
(2) L cng Line In (l cng ta dng kt ni).
(3) L cng Microphone.
Dy kt ni ta dng loi dy Audio:

Hnh 1.18: Dy Audio.
Mt u ca dy audio c cm vo cng Line in. u dy kia tch
ra lm 2 nhnh, sau hn vo ni pht tn hiu hng ngoi, chnh l mc
vo 2 chn ( -, + ) ca led pht hng ngoi trong b Remote Sharp.
Tip theo ta thc hin vic gii m tn hiu ca tng phm.
29

Hnh 1.19: Thao tc kt ni.
Khi ng chng trnh Scope 1.30., chnh cc thng s
(Amplitude[1/div] =0.5 , (Time[sec])=30ms.
Khi nhn cc phm ca Remote TV th trn giao din Scope 1.30 c xut
hin cc chui bit tn hiu nh sau:

Phm 1:

Hnh 1.20: Tn hiu iu khin phm 1.

30
Phm 2:

Hnh 1.21: Tn hiu iu khin phm 2.

Phm 3:

Hnh 1.22: Tn hiu iu khin phm 3.

31
Phm 4:

Hnh 1.23: Tn hiu iu khin phm 4.

Phm 5:

Hnh 1.24: Tn hiu iu khin phm 5.

32
Phm 6:

Hnh 1.25: Tn hiu iu khin phm 6.

Phm 7:

Hnh 1.26: Tn hiu iu khin phm 7.

33
Phm 8:

Hnh 1.27: Tn hiu iu khin phm 8.

Phm 10:

Hnh 1.28: Tn hiu iu khin phm 10.

34
Phm 11:

Hnh 1.29: Tn hiu iu khin phm 11.
Mt khung truyn tn hiu Remote Sharp gm 5 bit u tin l bit
Start v bit a ch, 8 bit tip theo l d liu v 2 bit cui l Stop. Bit a
ch ca tt c cc phim n l ging nhau cn 8 bit d liu ca mi phm l
hon ton khc nhau. Vn l phi tch c chui 8 bit d liu ny da
vo cho vi iu khin phn tch v a ra lnh iu khin. Chui m lnh
c truyn nh sng mang hng ngoi vi tn s 36 KHz th hin trong
hnh sau:

Hnh 1.30: Chui m bit ca mt phm n.
Thi gian truyn ht mt chui bit khi ta nhn phm l 20ms. Bt 0
v bit 1 c chu k ging nhau nhng c rng bit l khc nhau, bit 0
35
truyn mt thi gian 1000 micro giycn bit 1 l 2000 micro giy. Chi tit
nh sau:

Hnh 1.31: Thi gian truyn ca bit 0 v bit 1.
B iu khin Remote TV Sharp c gii m c th nh sau:
1: 100001000000010 =80h
2: 100000100000010 =40h
3: 100001100000010 =0c0h
4: 100000010000010 =20h
5: 100001010000010 =0a0h
6: 100000110000010 =60h
7: 100001110000010 =0e0h
8: 100000001000010 =10h
10: 100000101000010 =50h
11 : 100001101000010 =0D0h

36
CHNG 2.
XY DNG M HNH PHN CNG H THNG
2.1. M U
Trong m hnh iu khin cc thit b in t xa sau y l mt m
hnh nh gn, iu khin minh ha 4 bng n. Nhng thc t ta c th m
rng iu khin ln n 31 thit b dn dng. M hnh c xy dng ln
c tnh ng dng cao vo thc t. Thit b d tm, linh kin r, chnh xc
cao v an ton.
2.2. S KHI H THNG
S khi ca h thng iu khin c m t tng qut qua cc
khi chc nng sau:

Hnh 2.1: S khi h thng.




37
2.3. CHC NNG V HOT NG CC THNH PHN
2.3.1. Khi ngun

Hnh 2.2: Khi ngun.
+ Chc nng: Chuyn i in 220VAC sang 12VDC, 5VDC cp
cho mch.
+ Hot ng: Ngun in 220VAC vo bin p 3A bin i thnh
cc mc in p xoay chiu nh: 24V, 18V, 15V, 12V, 9V, 6V, 0V. V
mch cn mc in p 12VDC v 5VDC nn ly mc 15V v 0V s a
vo b chnh lu cu nn thnh in p 1 chiu. Ta dng IC LM7812 v
LM7805 ly ra mc in p chun 12VDC v 5VDC. T C=2200uf/50v
ban u ln tc dng lm cho in p 1 chiu chun hn. Cc t 10uf tc
dng lc li in p ng ra ti chn 3 ca IC LM7812 v LM7805.









38
2.3.2. Khi keyboard kim tra

Hnh 2.3: Khi keyboard.
+ Chc nng: Kim tra phn cng board mch trc khi s dng
Remote.
+ Hot ng: Vit mt chng trnh kim tra mch, nu phm no
c ni GND th s thc hin bt tt cc bit cng P0. Tng bit ca P0
c hin th qua led n v Role
2.3.3. Khi pht tn hiu IR
+ Chc nng: iu khin cc thit b in.
+ Hot ng: Mi b iu khin TV Remote c m ha c cu
trc m lnh khc nhau ty thuc vo nh sn xut

Hnh 2.4: Khi pht tn hiu IR.
39
Khi nhn mt phm trn b Remote th mt chui m lnh c Led
pht IR pht i vi tn s 36KHz n cc thit b thu.
2.3.4. Khi thu tn hiu IR

Hnh 2.5: Khi thu tn hiu IR.
+ Chc nng: Thu nhn tn hiu IR a v cho VK 8051 x l.
+ Hot ng:

Hnh 2.6: Cu trc bn trong PIC 1018SCL
Tn hiu IR t ngun pht n mch thu c led hng ngoi nhn
ri a qua ba tng khuch i (Amplifiter). Sau tn hiu ny c qua
mch lc bng thng (Band Pass Filter) chn dy bng thng thch hp.
ng ra tn hiu ny c ngc li mch khuch i (AGC) tng
khuch i nu cn thit. Tip tc tn hiu a n b so snh v phn tch
40
truc khi vo mch Schmitt Trigger. Nhim v ch yu ca mch Schmitt
Trigger l i tn hiu lin tc thnh tn hiu xung vung a vo VK.
2.3.5. Khi x l tn hiu

Hnh 2.7: Khi x l tn hiu.
+ Chc nng: X l tn hiu IR.
+ Hot ng: VK s nhn m lnh do Led thu IR PIC 1018SCL a
v v so snh vi b m lnh m ngi vit chng trnh cung cp. Khi m
phm Remote no ging vi m ca VK th thc hin cng vic tng
ng vi phm .
2.3.6. Khi m dng

Hnh 2.8: Khi m dng.

41
ULN 2803 l mt vi mch m, c cha 8 b m. Mi b m c
mt diode vi u anod c ni vi ng ra ca ic cn catod c ni
chung vi catot ca cc diode cn li. Ng ra ca vimch l cc cc gp
h. Tn hiu ng vo s b o chiu so vi tn hiu ng ra. Ngun cp
<50V, dng lm vic <500 mA.
+ Chc nng: m dng.
+ Hot ng:
- Nu cc chn u vo I1 I8 l mc 0 th ng ra khng tc dng.
- Nu cc chn u vo I1 I8 l mc 1 th ng ra mc 0.
2.3.7. Khi chp hnh

Hnh 2.9: Khi chp hnh.
+ Chc nng: ng ngt thit b in
+ Hot ng:
.
F tng, ht np dn .
42
m xu
p im.
2.3.8. Khi hin th

Hnh 2.10: Khi hin th led n v led 7 thanh.
+ Chc nng: Hin th tn hiu ti cng P0, P2.
+ Hot ng: Anot ca Led n v chn Anot chung ca led 7 thanh
c ni +5V. Khi c tn hiu m s lm cho led n sng ln bo s hot
ng ca Rowle, led 7 thanh s hin th ch s 1, 2, 3, 4 bo l cc thit b
ang hot ng.
2.4. LIT K, TNH TON CC LINH KIN TRN MCH
2.4.1. Lit k linh kin
- IC: AT89C51, LM7812, LM7805, ULN2803, PIC 1018SCL,Thch
anh 11,0592 MHz.
- T : 2000uf /16v, 1000uf /16v, 10uf/16v, 33p
- Role 12VDC
- Nt nhn
- Tr thanh 10k, led n, led 7 thanh, in tr 220, Diode 1N4007
2.4.2. Tnh ton la chn cc linh kin
VK 8051 c th c thay th bng 8052 tng b nh ROM.
Chn Led thu hng ngoi: Ngoi PIC 1018SCL ra ta c th thay th
bng TSOP1838 ( 1 VCC, 2 GND, 3 OUT ), TSOP1738 ( )
43
Chn led n v gi tr in tr:
Thng s k thut: Vled = 1.9 - 2.2V, Iled= 15 - 25mA, ngun cp 5VDC
Chn in p trung bnh qua led l 2V, dng trung bnh I = 15mA =
0.015A.
Cng thc tnh in tr:
= =200
Chn R=220
2.5. S NGUYN L V MCH IN
S nguyn l h thng bao gm khi ngun v main c thit k
chi tit trn phn mm Protel 99SE:
S mch in c in chi tit ch Gray Scale c hin th cc
ng TopLayer, bottomLayer, TopOverLay, KeepOutLayer

44

Hnh 2.11: S nguyn l h thng iu khin t xa.
45


Hnh 2.12: S mch in bo mch chnh .
46


Hnh 2.13: S mch in ngun v mch hin th LED 7 on.

47
2.6. NGUYN L HOT NG H THNG
PIC 1018SCL - Mt thu tn hiu IR s nhn tn hiu t b iu khin
Remore TV. Tn hiu c a qua ba tng khuch i (Amplifiter), qua
mch lc bng thng (Band Pass Filter), n b so snh v phn tch vo
Schmitt Trigger l i tn hiu lin tc thnh tn hiu xung vung a vo
VK.Tn hiu t chn OUT (1) c a n chn P3.2 ca VK. 8051 s
thu nhn v chuyn vo thanh ghi A. Khi nhn l 8 bit d liu s thc
hin so snh vi m bit m ngi vit cho, chui m no nhn v m
ging vi m cho trc s c tn hiu iu khin cc bit cng P0.
Chn p0.0, p0.2, p0.4, p0.6 iu khin 4 rle 12v ng ngt 4 thit
b. Chn p0.1, p0.3, p0.5, p0.7 iu khin hin th 4 n led. Khi cc chn
mc thp (0V) qua IC m dng tn hiu l cao (+5V) i vo cun ht Rle
v led hin th ->Rle khng ht, led tt. Cn khi cc chn mc cao
(+5V) qua IC m dng tn hiu l mc thp (0V) vo cun ht Rle v
led hin th ->Rle ht, led sng.










48
2.7. NH CHP M HNH THC

Hnh 2.13: M hnh thc h thng iu khin.
NHN XT
M hnh phn cng ca h thng l tng hp ca cc h thng nh,
mi thnh phn c chc nng ring c mi lin kt logic cht ch vi
chnh xc cao. Tn hiu ng ra ca khi chc nng ny l tn hiu ng vo
ca khi kia.
Vic thit k trn phn mm Protel 99SE phi m bo kh nng chng
nhiu tt, thm m v an ton. Sau khi m hnh hon thnh ta thc
hin vit chng trnh iu khin cho VK.

49
CHNG 3.
XY DNG CHNG TRNH PHN MM IU KHIN

3.1. M U
Mi phn cng nht nh phi c chng trnh ph hp km theo, do
trc khi vit chng trnh i hi ngi vit phi nm bt c cu to
phn cng v cc yu cu m mch in cn thc hin. Chng trnh l tp
hp cc lnh c t chc theo mt trnh t hp l gii quyt cc yu
cu ca ngi lp trnh.
Chng trnh cho Vi iu khin 8051c th vit bng C++,C,Visual
Basic v.v. Tuy nhin hp ng Assembler c a s ngi dng Vi iu
khin s dng lp trnh.
3.2. HP NG ASSEMBLY
Ngn ng assembly hay hp ng assembly l mt ngn ng bc thp
c dng trong vic vit cc chng trnh my tnh. Ngn ng assembly
s dng cc t c tnh gi nh, cc t vit tt gip ta d ghi nh cc ch
th phc tp v lm cho vic lp trnh bng assembly d dng hn. Mc
ch ca vic dng cc t gi nh l nhm thay th vic lp trnh trc tip
bng ngn ng my c s dng trong cc my tnh u tin thng gp
nhiu li v tn thi gian. Mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng assembly
c dch thnh m my bng mt chng trnh tin ch c gi l
assembler... u im ca hp ng Assembly l: M gn, t chim dung
lng b nh, hot ng vi tc nhanh.




50
3.3. LU THUT GII
3.3.1. Lu thut gii Keyboard




Hnh 2.14: Lu thut gii khi iu khin bng keyboard.




51
3.3.1. Lu thut gii iu khin bng Remote TV Sharp


Hnh 2.15: Lu thut gii khi iu khin bng Remote TV Sharp.

3.4. SON THO V BIN DCH CHNG TRNH
S dng phn mm Raisonance Kit 6.1

+ To mt mi trng lm vic Project.
52
Project / chn new / Nhn Browse (chn ng dn to file
Project)

+ To file Assembler (.a51)
File / New / chn Assembler (ly tn KTX.a51)

+ Son tho chng trnh trn Assembler (.a51).
53


+ Bin dch chng trnh Assembler.


Hnh 2.16: ang bin dch chng trnh.


54
3.5. CHNG TRNH IU KHIN
3.5.1. Chng trnh kim tra keyboard trn mch
$include (reg51.inc)
Org 0000h
mov p0,#00h
mov p2,#0ffh
Start:
jnb p1.1, on_1
jnb p1.0,off_1
jnb p1.3, on_2
jnb p1.2,off_2
jnb p1.5, on_3
jnb p1.4,off_3
jnb p3.5, on_4
jnb p3.4,off_4
jnb p3.7, on_all
jnb p3.6,off_all
jmp start
;-----------------
on_1:setb p0.0
setb p0.1
mov p2,#0f9h
jmp start
off_1:clr p0.0
clr p0.1
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
on_2:setb p0.2
setb p0.3
mov p2,#0a4h
jmp start
off_2:clr p0.2
clr p0.3
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
on_3:setb p0.4
setb p0.5
mov p2,#0b0h
jmp start
off_3:clr p0.4
clr p0.5
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
on_4:setb p0.6
55

56

setb p0.7
mov p2,#99h
jmp start
off_4:clr p0.6
clr p0.7
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
on_all:mov p0,#0ffh
mov p2,#00h
jmp start
off_all:mov p0,#00h
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
End

3.5.2. Kt qu chy kim tra mch
Sau khi np chng trnh vo cho VK ta tin hnh nhn tng nt
trn board mch, kt qu l phn cng hon ton n nh, cc linh kin
hot ng, mch in khng b chp, iu khin c ng m tng
r le v cc n led. Tip theo ta son tho chng trnh iu khin vi b
Remoter TV.

3.5.3. Chng trnh khi iu khin bng Remore TV SHARP
$include(reg52.inc
Org 0000h
Jmp MAIN
;------ ------------------
Org 000bh
ljmp Ngat_T0
;------------------------
MAIN:
mov p1,#0ffh
mov p0,#00h
mov TH0,#0
mov TMOD,#01h
setb EA
setb ET0
clr TR0
57
mov R0,#00h s
mov 7eh,#00h
mov 7fh,#30h
jmp start
;===============
Org 0030h
start:
mov sp,#30h
jb p3.2,$
setb TR0
mov r1,#00h
mov r2,#00h
mov r3,#00h
mov r4,#00h
mov r5,#00h
mov r6,#00h
;--------------------------
nhan_bit_dc:call nhan_bit
mov a,r1
rlc a
mov r1,a
inc r2
cjne r2,#05h,nhan_bit_dc
;--------------------------
nhan_bit_dl:call nhan_bit
mov a,r3
rlc a
inc r4
cjne r4,#08h,nhan_bit_dl
;------------------------
nhan_bit_stop:call nhan_bit
call delay
clr TR0
;===============
mov a,r3
;===============
Phim1:cjne a,#80h,Phim4
setb p0.0
mov p2,#0f9h
jmp start
58
;------------------------
Phim4: cjne a,#20h,Phim2
clr p0.0
clr p0.1
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim2:cjne a,#40h,Phim5
setb p0.2
setb p0.3
mov p2,#0a4h
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim5:cjne a,#0a0h,Phim3
clr p0.2
clr p0.3
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim3:cjne a,#0c0h,Phim6
setb p0.4
setb p0.5
mov p2,#0b0h
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim6:cjne a,#60h,Phimvideo
clr p0.4
clr p0.5
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim7: cjne a,#0c0h,Phim10
setb p0.6
setb p0.7
mov p2,#99h
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim10:cjne a,#50h,Phim8
clr p0.6
clr p0.7
59
mov p2,#0ffh
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim8:cjne a,#10h,Phim11
mov p0,#0ffh
mov p2,#00h
jmp start
;------------------------
Phim11:cjne a,#0d0h,Phim9
mov p0,#00h
mov p2,#0ffh
Phim9:jmp start
;===============
nhan_bit:mov dptr,#00h
jb p3.2
call delay
muc_0: inc dptr
jnb p3.2,muc_0
call delay
muc_1: inc dptr
jb p3.2,muc_1
mov a,dph
mov a,#01h,clr_c
setb c
jmp thoat1
clr_c:clr c
thoat1:ret
;================
delay:mov r5,#1
djnz r5,$
ret
;====ch/tr ngat====
Ngat_T0:inc R6
cjne R6,#160,thoat2
dec sp
dec sp
push 7fh
push 7eh
thoat2:reti
;===================
60
End
3.5.4. Kt qu chy trn m hnh thc
Sau qu trnh kim tra mch ta tin hnh son tho chng trnh iu
khin v np chng trnh vo VK 8051.
Kt qu l tn hiu t iu khin TV Sharp c VK thu nhn
c tn hiu v v thc hin vic iu khin 4 thit b qua ng m 4
r le tng ng. Cc led n hin th ti cc cng sng. Khi tng thit b
c bt ln th led 7 thanh cng hin th tng ng cc gi tr l 1, 2, 3, 4.
Chi tit nh sau:

Hnh 2.17: iu khin bt thit b 1.
61

Hnh 2.18: iu khin bt thit b 2.

Hnh 2.19: iu khin bt thit b 3.
62

Hnh 2.20: iu khin bt thit b 4.

Hnh 2.21: iu khin bt 4 thit b.
63
NHN XT
Hp ng Assembly l mt ngn ng bc thp c dng trong vic
vit cc chng trnh my tnh. Ngn ng ny s dng cc t c tnh gi
nh, cc t vit tt gip ta d ghi nh cc ch th phc tp v lm cho
vic lp trnh d dng hn.
Vic chy th vi keyboard trn bo mch l kim tra c li no sy
ra vi phn cng khng, nu tt c mch chy hon ton n nh ta mi cho
chy chng trnh vi b iu khin tht.
Mt s hn ch khi iu khin bng b iu khin Remote TV l do
tn hiu bit iu khin c truyn i nh sng IR vi tn s thp nn hay
b nhiu do tc ng ca nhiu ngun sng IR khc nhau gy ln. Lm cho
khong cch iu khin thit b cn ngn khng c xa (< 20m). Do vy
ch ph hp vi vic iu khin cc thit b in dn dng trong nh cn
khong cch khng ln.
KT LUN

Trn y em trnh by chi tit cc kin thc v l thuyt v thao
tc thc hin xoay quanh ti : Thit K Mch Thu Pht Hng Ngoi
iu Khin Thit B T Xa S Dng Vi iu Khin 8051. Trong qu
trnh thc hin ti em tm hiu c nhng vn sau:
Vic tm hiu v VK 8051, cu trc phn cng bn ngoi v bn
trong, ch hot ng, b nh thi. Tip n l tn hiu hng ngoi nh
tnh cht, c trng v thit b pht ra tia hng ngoi. Trong gii hn ti
ny l tm hiu b iu khin TV Sharp ca nht bn. Tm hiu v phn
mm PROTEL 99SE l cng c chuyn thit k mch nguyn l v mch
in. Vic son tho v bin dch trnh iu khin cho VK 8051 ta dng
phn mm Raisonance Kit 6.1 l cng c chuyn son tho chng trnh
cho VK bng hp ng Assembly.
64
Quan trng hn c em thit k chy thnh cng m hnh thc h
thng iu khin m phng bt tt 4 bng n. M hnh trn c xy
dng tnh ng dng rt cao, rt ph hp vi vic iu khin cc thit b
in dn dng trong cc cn h.
Trong thi gian lm n tt nghip c s quan tm ca cc
Thy, C trong khoa in t vin thng , c bit l gio vin hng dn
Ths.ON HU CHC gip em tn tnh trong qu trnh tm hiu
v xy dng m hnh iu khin. n ca em hon thnh ng thi
gian. Tuy nhin khi thc hin ti khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em
mong nhn c s gp nh gi ca qu thy c.
Em xin trn thnh cm n
!

65
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Tng Vn On - Hong c Hi (2005), H vi iu khin 8051. Nh
xut bn lao ng x hi.
2. Nguyn Bnh (2007), Gio trnh in t cng sut. Nh xut bn i
hc Quc Gia.
3. Phan Quc Ph - Nguyn c Chin (2000), Gio trnh cm bin. Nh
xut bn khoa hc v k thut.
4. Xun Th (1999), K thut in t. Nh xut bn gio dc.
5. Xun Tin (2001), K thut Vi X L & Lp Trnh Assembly cho h
Vi X L. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.
6. Din n http://www.dientuvietnam.net
7. Website http://www.ebook.edu.vn
8. Website http://www.tailieu.vn
9. Website http://lib.hpu.edu.vn