Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Best QPhysics Book
Uploaded by
api-26870484Copyright
Available Formats
Share this document
Did you find this document useful?
Is this content inappropriate?
Report this DocumentCopyright:
Available Formats
Best QPhysics Book
Uploaded by
api-26870484Copyright:
Available Formats
! "# $ %
&
' ( )
*
+ )
& ,-
.
)
/
0
# + ,
1
(
2
(
(
!
3
(
!
! 2
(
,
( '
' 4 3
( *
*
5
&
& ,
,
&
) 4
&
,
6
.
/
2
,
/ 2(
,
4
6
/ ( ,
! , / 7 (
/
' ,
8 , ,
* 9
4
3
: ,
9
4
; ,
!
&
/ 4
*
)
5
3
, / 2 &
2 < , )
2
!
!
! 4 !
'
!
* 6
!
3
!*
&
3
!*
) 9
=
/ 4 3
!&
! , / '
! , / '
! . '
! . ')
1$ 1 6 *!
*)
6 /
!
,
! 1
'
' #
' 1$ 1 6 3
' 3 ,
*
&
* ,
&
* 1$ 1 6 /
% # )
*
, )
*! 6 / > ? , = &
,
&
/
,
&
,
,
&*
/
&*
! 1
"# &)
!
1
"# )
' "#
@
A )
*
)'
* 5
/ ,
)'
* 5
/ ,
,
)'
,
)*
! "
#
)&
6 # /
?
)&
6 # / # "# )&
,
))
# $ % &
! 1
:
= ,
B
"# $
!
/ :
= "# $
! 2
%
!
!!
, 4
,
!'
#
/ ;
"# $ !
!*
#
'
!* 3
,
'
!* 3
/
*
!* 5 / ;
*
!*! 3
/
/ ;
!*'
/ ;
"# $ )
!** ?
!*
3
!
! ,. "# $
! ;
"# $
!
3
"# $
!! 5 C, D
!' 5 C, D
?
!*
2 ; ,
!& ,
!
' (
' (
,
' 4
(
' (
'
( &
'! 2
( &
' (
4
, &
'
+ )
'!
1B$ ?
)
''
'*
#
'* +
/ 4
(
'* +
/ (
'
'
+ / 4
;
# ,
'
/
'
/
'!
/
''
/
'& ,
!
'
)! * +, '
* # . /
( '
* 3 / *
* ,- "# .
*!
5 ,- .
*' #
&
*' : ( &
*' # . )
**
)
** , ,- . )
* ,
+* - . +* % ! /
# .
2
E / (
2
(
! / + ,
' 1 !
' ,
,
*
* 4
/
#
&
/
/ 2
( ( &
/ "# /
#
# )
&
!
& 2
E / ( !
& 2
E / !
) ,
!
( #
& !
& ; , / !
& , !
& " !'
&! 1 , " !
&' 1 !)
& 2
( '
& 3 '
&! 3 4 / 4 '
&' 3 4 / ''
&* 9
6 '
& #
'
& 3 / , '
*
& , /
" '&
& 1 , / " *
&! ,# 2( . *
&' 4 / 4 # *!
&* 4 / # *'
&&
*
&) ,
*
" 0 ( * (
) 5
)
/ 0
) %
# 2(
) 6
:
)!
+ / !
)' "# /
/ 2( ; , !
)*
'
)*
# /
'
)*
# /
'
)*
# /
@ F A '
# /
)*! *
)*'
# /
*
)**
#
) ,
1 2 ( "
( + , )
6 # / ( )
E (
&
% ( &
, / 4
( &
%
/ ?B
( &
!
#
# /
+ &
'
#
( &!
* 2
&!
&'
#
&'
& ,
&*
+3 ! * 41 !
9
4 / &&
9
4
&)
&)
! 5 )
' ,
)
! "
1 )
3 1 3
)
, )!
2
( )*
,
)
* 1 "
6 ,
)&
4
G 6
:
( ))
4
/
/ ,
2
!
#
!
! 6
,
5
4
#
!
!
/ 4
( '
! 6
%
*
!! ,
4
(
!' ( )
'
'
+ /
'
+ /
* ,
# 5 ! +, !
! 6 .
! 1 # ( !
! , 1 3 !
!! , *
!' 1 , , " *
!* "# / , &
! , /
, " )
!& 6 . / @ A 7 @ A
!) ,
' 0
!*
' 6
"# /
,
!
' 2 ,
&
'
#
)
' ,
/ 2 6
.
)
'
6
"# /
'!
'!
+
2 ,
&
'! / ; , !
'! + / ; , !
'!! + / ; , !
'' ,
'
0( !
( 1 ! #
4 6 / ( "# / !
4
4 !
#
4 !!
! 7 ,
4 3 !*
' , , B; !*
* 6 / 7 !)
6 , B; '
& , '
) ( , ,
'!
)
4 @4 A '!
) ? H ,
''
''
2
( 2
4 ''
2
( 6 ( ''
2
( : ( '*
! # / '*
' ) = '
* / 7 ,
1B< '&
/ , B; ')
&
#
/ 7 ,
1B< G + 5 *
) / ; , , *
# / / , *
# / / , *!
# / *!
#
/ , , 1 < *'
!? 4 6 @?46 465A **
#
*&
7 4
( *&
I J % 4 *)
# / 6 ( *)
!
7 6 ( @ A
'
7 6 ( @ A
* # , (
# , 6 4
)
& ?46 6 ( 1 3
2
$
!
,
'
0&
& 2(4"(6H
& 2
$ &
& 2
$ )
&! 2
$ ! &
&' 2
$ ' &
&* 2
$ * &
& 2
$ &
&& 2
$ & &!
&) 2
$ ) &'
" + + * 2!
) 6 # / . / 4
;, % &*
) 9
2
5 1B< &
) ; ,
9
4
&&
)!
)
)! ?
# K
,
)
)!
4
3
)
)'
#
)
)' : = 3 /
2
)
)' 2
/ 1 )!
)' ,
= / 1 <
)'
)'! , /
5 )*
)'' , /
55 )&
)'* 2
5#
% "# /
@ ; A /
))
)' 4
3 9
=
/
; ,
)* 2
$
) ,
!! - * 1
, /
4
, ( 5
, 5 ( 4
!
! , ? !
' ; / 4
G B; , '
* 5 ,
/ , 5 *
*
/ 7 *
/
7 ! 7
!
&
' / /
&
& #
)
&
/ , ( )
& % : ( 3 , , )
& (
&!
&' , / F !
) 2
$
!
,
'
6 ! !
, *
,
&
2(
@ A &
2
; , B< 0 ,$ &
,$ / 7 2
! #
! # / ( .
! # / ( .
' 2
$
!
* ,
!
2 0
!*
2 3
, *
2
" $ 4
3
)
!
#
! 6
#
! ,
B(
!
/ 6
#
,
/
!!
/ 2 ,
/
!'
!*
K
!
' 2
$
'
* ,
'
0
7
2 < ,
2 < ,
1 3
&
!
,
/ 2 ; , !
2 < ,
" $ 1 3
!
2
, 1 3
!
! 5
3
!
'
!
* 2 < K
/ 20
0
!!
!
#
!'
! 2 <
2 !'
' 2
$
!
* ,
!
# 0 #
! ; 3 / 2
, !&
! 2
; , '
! 3 , @ A '
!! + @6 B6 =
A '
!' + 2
; , '!
!*
'*
!* 2
( '*
!* B 2( # / '*
! #
'
! / / '
!& 2
$
')
!) ,
')
'
'
, 4 *
' 2 .
*
' 2 > 6 *
'!
*
'' ? , 4 **
'*
*&
'* 1 ; , *&
'* ; , *&
'* ?
; , *)
'*! ( ; ,
' 2
$
'& ,
1
* 2
5
* 2 4 !
* 5
/ %
+ '
*! 4 (
'
*' +
,
** 6
, &
*
)
*&
#
)
*) 2
$
)
*,
)
!
;
&
, &
&!
2
( 3 &!
! #
&'
! 3 / # &'
' 2
$
&*
* ,
&*
5 !
& 3
9
2
&
& 6 /
/ &)
& , G
/ 3
, &)
&! 6 %
, )
&'
,
6 )
&*
6 )!
& ; %
= 5
, )'
&&
)&
&) + ( "
$
)&
&
))
&:
/
:
"
!
& (
5L
:
"
!
&
/ 6
!
& 4- !
& : ,6 !
&
!'
& , 6
2 !'
&!
#
!'
&!
3
/ ;
# +
!'
&! ; , 3
!'
&!
/
6 !*
&'2
$
!*
&*,
!
" * #
)
!&
)
#
!&
) 2
$
!&
)! ,
!&
2! # "
,
4 ,
3 !)
, 3 3
!
1 3 2! #
6 = 2 # B: = % !&
3 !)
: /
3 !
! ; 5# !
4
- 5 ! ##
# :
3
! !
3
/ 6
(
! '
2
/ 6
3
! *
!
4
! &
' 9
=
/ (
!
* , !
3
( !
& 9
= 6
3
!
)
#
/ 3
( ! '
%
6
64, 3
3
! '
/
!
6 #
/ 6
/ ! &
1
! )
1$ 1 6
,
!!
* - ##
6 , !!&
, !!&
6 , !'
!
, !'
' 6
!'
!
# + - + *
#'
! :
, / !')
' +, ##
' > 4 # !*!
' ,- B 2
!*'
' . !*'
'! # !*)
'' ?B # :
/ . !
''
. !
'' : ,
/ "# / !
'' ?B6 # . !
'* , / . / 3 !!
'* 6 !*
'* "# , !
'* : / "# , !&
' C? # D , G 2 !&!
'& . # /
!&'
') 6 # # !&*
' !)
'1 # !)
' / 4 / 3 !)'
' 6 # 5 2
!)*
'!
/ , !)
'! + !)
'! / , "# !)&
'! K !)&
''2
!))
'*
, !))
'2 E '
'& E "# '
')9 = / 3 '*
' 9 = 3 , ')
' +
= '
' 5 , 3 '
2 '
#+ ' '
'
!
"
#$# # "
!
"!
"%
&
'
( "
'
"
$
(
"
)
(
*
+
(
(
"
" +
,
(
Æ
*
#
"
"
' "
-
&
' )
"!
'!
"!
"
"
'
"
(
)
'
"%
"!
-
'' ' "
'
"
.
-
"'
"
'
" "
! -
'
!
"! .
' '
"!
( '
"' "
( '
"
"!
" ' (
" ' " + " '
/
(
0 1
"
" 0 1
"
*
( (
0 1
'
%
"
'
(! !
"" '! "
"!" ,
2 '
-
'
- '
"
'
'!
'
%
" '!
-
' " "
' (
' " "
"
"
"
*
'
"
"
"
'
" &
"
3 /
"
. "
4 '
)
)' 2 (
.
)
"
' !
' )
' '
"
'
"
.
5 '
' " '
)' 2 (
"
$
+ )
)
#
"
'
(
' " '
6
78
/! / 5
& "
'
&
!
!
*
.)
' '
(
7 7 M
/! / " )
/
'
6
98
7
"
)
'
$
"
'
"
&
6
8
"
" 6
8
+ ' '
&
6
:8
"
' ;
'
!
'
' &
"
.) ' " ' '
"
'
&8 7
" '
' (
+
.
"
'
"
' $! &
"
7
/ '
'
-
)
'
%9 !
6 8 "" $
6
8 '
' (
A 7
7
@
&
"" +
" (
""
@ A
@
A 7 @
A
"" +
'
""
7
!
" (
7 F
)
'
' 6 ! - ! !.
%
#
"
6 8
)
' (
;
!" #
$
"" '
7 @ A F @
A
'
A 7
@
4
7 '
* -
'
*
'
(
' "
#
" * ' !
6
9 78 "
'
6'
Æ
8
@ A 7 !@A
M
6#
8 '
Æ
!@A 7 @A
M
Æ
!@A
#
"
'
@A
'
!@A #
!@A
"" "
@A 7 !@A
# '
'
' ! !
"
' @ A
<
"
6
9 8 '
'
* ' !
M
NN
)
-
'
'
'
*
'
; '
6
* 8
<
'
"
)
' '
'
=
& ( '
'
> .(
% &
>
(
' ! '
! &
(
'
'
6
8 6
:8 #
" (
'
"
'
'
'
M
#
7
" #
M
#
7
7
" #
#
7 "M
#
#
7 "M
7
#
' (
#
6
: 8
"
-
@A
'
$ @A
$ @A 7 @A$ @A 7 @A @A$ @A
-
" ' '
6! 8
@A
7 @A @A
#
"
'
(
@A @A
#
%
! @A !@A
! @A!@A
#
: 9;
)
, 6 " (
8 #
6 : :8 ' "
M
I J 7
"
0 ' '
' "
# '
"
* +, -
#
> .( 6 ?8 '
' (
M # @
A
@
A F % @
A @
A 7 "M
#
# ' "
-
" '
@
A 7 @
A
'
6
@&A " 8 7 F % @ A
<
>
.(
6
8
!
(
. /
0 "
(
+
;
"
>
(
'
6
? 98
6" '
8 @ A 7 @A' @A
- '
(
'
' (
6
8
#' @A
"M
7 ' @A
#
@A 7 @A
(
>
(
; "
(
(
*
@A 7 @A
; '
" '
>
(
(
6
@ 78
@
A 7 @
A
- ' '
' "!
-
' " . ' " .
+
" "
"
,
"
< 6
@ 8 #
'
<
6 "
* 8
7 Æ
6-
'
'
" '
8 # '
' "
!@
A 7
( @ A
'
( Æ '
" 6
8 "
( 7 !
' '
'
6
8
#
"
Æ
" 64
@A 7
%
! @A 7
%
6
$ 8
8
"
6
@ 98
" '
! '
"
"
" Æ
(
(
!7
(
"$! !
"
" '
" !
#
-
@ A
A 7 @
'
'
" !
(
(
!@A 7
(
"
Æ ( 7
# +
< % 6 @ 8 )
) "
) 7 ) 7 )
<
7
1
'
" 6
@ :8 6
8
% 6
8 '
' " * *
" '
' #
"
'
*
"
+
#
)! * ,
"
*
""
"
"
'
" *
>
(
M @A
@A 7 7 @A
'
'
' "
" # !
' 6
8
'
'
A
@A 7
@A 7
@A 7
@+A
@A 7 @+A
'
"
' (
"
@A 7 @A 7
' * 7
!
*
7 '
+ 7 + 7
*
* -
"
@A 7 ,
'
' '
, " +
&
(
"!
>
(
' +
M
7
,
, <! * ' '
'
"
" #
!
"
*
7 ,
,
7 ,
'
' "
* '
, 7
@A 7
#
' "
"
7 "
2
'
' '
"
"
&
"
+
'
" '
!
+
'
-
" ' '
&
#
'
! ; '
6
B 7 78 '
>
(
M @A
F % @A 7 @A
@A
F @ % A @A 7
M
* %
" '
@A 7
F -
@A 7
@+A F - @+A
'
+ 7
# '
"
'
* %
@A 7 F -
'
. 7
6/
+
.
" 8
7
"
" '
C
'
; '
""
C "
6
B 7 8
% A 7 #
""
£
7 I J
'
(
' 6
B 7 8 (
' 6% @A 7 %
* *
% @A 7 '
8
'
"
"
'
"
7 Æ
"" "
C
-
"" "
7
M
7 % F
&
"
" "
"" *
'
(
" 6
B 7 :8 6% @A 7 F% * *
% @A 7 '
8
'
* %
"" "
'
" *
"
"
"" "
" "
@ +.A !+.
' 7 @ A
@+ F . A
@ .A F @ +.A + F .
'
+ 7
. 7
'
"" "
"
' 4
"
(
#
( '
"
6
B 7 98
'
* < '
(
"
" "
'
'
' "
'
"
!
2 &
&
4 '
6 B 8 % @A 7
+ 7
'
'
+ "
(
7
7 F M
"
6
8
* %
@A 7
M
# '
" "
3
&
6
B 8
!
; '
" '
% @A 7 % Æ@A
"
*" , *
,
)!
@A
+
-
(
7
"
'
%
7
M
4 ' '
6
B 98 % @A 7 % Æ@ F A
% Æ @ A
" "
'
"
' +
(
' "
' " "
!
'
'
'
!
"
'
' '
"
, +
7
6
B :8
% @A 7 %
Æ @ A
+
" "
" ! " '
%
@!A 7 @+A F
@+A
M +
(
" "
7 6
$78
7
'
"
'
"
6! 8
'
2 &
+
&
#
"
6
D8 # '
<
F "
M
M
7 F
7 M
@ F A
#
"
I J 7 @I J F I JA 7
M
I J 7 M
I J 7 M
I J 7 M
I J 7 M
I J 7 M
I J 7 M
- '
I J
' I J 7 M
'
(
@ A 7 @ A@ A
M
@ A
'
@ M A *
"
"
<
'
'
M
'
' '
7
'
* ! *
!
7 M
@ F A 7 M
'
M *
" M #
'
'
M
7 F M
'
7
7 F
!
'
/
" '
M
7 @ F A
M
7 " @ A
*
% 4 3 &
# +
6
7 :8 "
(
"M
7
@A 7
@ 7 A
-
'
'
7
@
" / MA
O
#
"
'!
'
>
'
'
6 8
'
<
" 6
7 ?8
'
'
'
; ' '
-
>
'
@A - @A 7
@A -
@A 7 @A
-
@A
-
<
"
- @A 7
-
#
" '
$
" 6
7 8
"
@NA@N- A I - J
'
' ' !
'
6
7 98
#
7
"
M
I J F #
6) '
2
* 8
'
<
#
'
"
' '
4 '
=+ -
>
" "
7 I J 7 I J 7
M M
" "
M
% @A
7 I J 7 I% @A J 7
M M
"
'
<
! !
" 6
8
-
'
'
"
'!
'
%
'
&
6
778
'
&
'
2
'
M
I 0 J 7
"
'
I J 7 I 1 J 7
# ' ' '
! @ A @ A ' '
'
<
'
"
M
# # # M # # #
7 F F F F F F % @ A
# #1 #0
#
#1
#0
M M
7
F
F % @ A
- ' '
'
M M
7
F
F % @ A
<
F
#
'
% -
' '
'
; '
&
7 F F % @
A
'
!
6
77 8
F
F
"
)
!
2 7
F
M
7
2
"
'
7 F
3
M
7
F % @
A
3
'
' '
" 6 "
?8
&
) 5
- '
.
$
"
'
<
6
77 98 0
$7 $
I J 7
' ! - 6" $
' '
8
" - '
- 6! 8 '
! * '
'
* ! 6!
8 '
! * $
' 6 8
"
* +
+
# " )
'
' "
" 6 78
" '
<
" '
7 F F
, "
% @ A 7
'
'
(
"
7 F F F M
- "
!
"
3
(
"
7
M
F F
" " #
&
" + "
'
'
" & #
#
'
4
-
!
- (
' +
! , " 6
8
. 4
;
"
6
7 78 % @
A '
"
+
* 7 '
I J 7 I J 7 I J 7
)
"
'
I J
7
# ' +
* '
'
'
'
'
7 F F
I J 7
#
' "
'
'
7
F @
A "M
#
!
(
'
'
M # #
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
M
)! * ,
6
8
6
8 #
' 6
"8
@
A 7 @
A4 @ !A
' "
4 @ !A ' "
4 @ !A 7 @ F AM
4 @ !A
(
"
M
# # @ F A
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
# "!
(
% @
A '
' '
# % * - *
#
+
* , <!
4 @ !A 7
M
4 @ !A
4 @ !A 7 @ F AM
4 @ !A
'
!
0
7 "
4 7 M
@ F A
@
A4
#
0 4 @ !A
&
+
6 -
/
(
6
79 78
"
/
4
6
79 8
5
@5
A
@5A 7 @5A
5 5 5 5
5 @5
A
@5A 7 @5A
5 5 5 5
'
5 7 +
"
'
&
0 &
-
+
5 " 5 "
@5A 7 @5A F " @5A 7 @5A
5 5 5 5
#
%
- * ! -
' "
7 6
E"F8
'
2
<
6 "
8 (
6
7:8 " +
"
+
"
'
@5A 7 5
5
'
5 7
!
'
*"
'
*
* %
6 (
7
<
,
"
7 F F
'
"
'
-
<
<
*
* @ A 7 @
A4 @ !A " "
(
" '
(
*
7
<
$7 ? G #
'
" '
'
'
"
<
+ / 2& +
" '
'
6
7?8 " #
"
4'
'
$
7 F F M
'
"
'
(
"
$
'
"
' +
*
4
6
/ &
+
# +
- %
%
!
<
7
' +
3
"
) )
#
+
)
"
"
6
7@ 78
@)A ) ) )
@)A ) ) )
7
@) A ) ) )
, '
2
"
2
+
/ &
/
'
'
"
;
&
7
' "
"
6
7@ 8
" 1
"
'
'
&
(
"
6
8
"
'
(
"
'! '
# ' % '
7
7 '
7
M
7
M
7 M
"
7 8 7 " '
&
6
7@ ?8 6 8
"
@ A 7 ! "
@ A 7 ! "
@ A 7 ! "
&
; 7
1 6
8
#
'
'
+
5
&
(
( &
E F '
"
'
'
0
*
"
% + 7 + +
" +
"
" '
(
(
"
"
" '
"
"
'
6
8
"
"
6
7@ B8
% ' "
$
'
&
*
A
'
*
F
'
'
M
M
"
M
7 7 7
"
'
'
-
+
) 9 '
'
M
9
M
7
9
"
9 7 9 7 9 7
"
I9 9 J 7 ":
9
9 7
9 9 F 9 9 7 9 9 F 9 9 7 9 9 F 9 9 7
9 9 7 Æ
'
$
9
0 .
"
" '
"
9
' 8 4
3
0
.
+
7 F
!
'
+
"
"
<
0
* '
4
'
'
+
%
2
<
'
"
%
" 7
!
-
)
6
7D8
'
&
+
F
" <
'
0 -
* 7!
M
F
- F
- A 7 @ F !A
@
-
&
&
'
+ *"
"
# 7
- 7
3
-
'
3 7
&
*
2 "
"
# '!
* 7!
'
- M
M +
7 F F
'
(
" M+
+
'
! '
" " +
' & # '! ' & ' A
(
< H
< , (
'
' " '
' (
) 9
+ 8 4
: + ;
'
'
?
(
$
-
'
6
8 '
" &
'
'
!
6
7D 8
!
$ % @
@
A
A
$ @
A
#$ @
A
! !F
#
(
.
'
!
>
.(
'
#
.)
'
7! - *
$
"
(
6 ' !
8
$ @
A 7
#
'
C
"
(
*
#
'
+
"
&
(
% :) + "
"!
' &
"
+
1111111
0000000
electron 0000000
1111111
0000000
1111111
flux
gun 0000000
1111111
screen
"
'
+
" '
"
+
"
'
7 F 0 2 '
- 7
7 '
#
'
- +
'
&
&
&
7
F
'
C " '
/
- + '
' - !
- 7
'
*
* / 4
-
(
' 6 8 6
8
+
;
"
+
<
6
+
& 8 * -
*
"
"
'
" '
; # '
'
( "
!
F
#
(
% ! " ' #
' (
l2
l2
l1 + l 2
l1
l2
l1 - l 2
'
" '
&
'
2 !
' '
+
'
(
"
" '
! - !%! 6!
7
4
8
9@!
7
4 4
!
7
"
$I
Æ
"
' '
#
"
* * . 8 7
8 F 8 ' ' "
! *A
'
" ' ; - ' 7
-
'
7
9
:
7
: &
"
!
" '
%
' ' 7 )' & '' & '
'
"
"
# '
A
"
; 7 H
F
"
'
7 F H
'
7 F H
< 7 ; F = H
'
; 7 ; F ; H
"
; 7 F H
#
. 5
'
"
'
<
#
"
6
78
-
>
(
-
@ F A 7
'
" ' .
"
'
"
F F F
7
7> ! F
!
7
F
F
'
68 678 68
*
+
>
!
'
* " '
/
>
(
"
' 9
* ! * - A 6
7 9 78 # %
+ '
"
7 ! !
( (
7
7
( (
&
"
!*
(
"
'
*
<
"
!
! ( 7 (
%
"
<
- =
>
!* A
# ' "
+
+ $
< '
"
' "
! .&
+ <
3 + / 2
#
"
$
"
5
<
- '
&
"
'
& (
<
'
7
2 !
$,"
E '
F
(
+
& 6
8
' +
'
!
7 F
F
(
"
&
"
- !
. - !7
* *
*
#
B
'
+ <
+
" !
'
<
& * 7!
"
- M-
N 7 @ F A 7
F
!
'
? ! ? 2 "
# !
'
"
"
)
+
#
&
+
+
#
'
' !
+
(
) 7 (
F F ?" 3# -
F
!
' ! +
!*
& - )
"
-
+ ' +
)
&
+
F "
-
+
: I
"
<
+
<
/ + "
*
'
(
"
2< +
- ! * -
6
+
8
6
8 -
+
" ( !
+
" " "
"
6 ?*
3* 7
=
2*
'
=
/
% ;
? ' '*
#
+
"
<
7
!
=
$ 7 -
7 @6(A @
A?*
2*
M
4' %
$"
' ' +
7
< F =
-
+
$
$
+
"
' "
-
'
"
#
*
9 " 9
"
" '
'
' !
' !
'
!
"
* ' "
- , - A
= 7 <
=
7 M
$ @$ F A
! !
N 7 @6(A @
A?* $ @$ F A
2*
!
;
' %
'
" $ 7
" '
' .) ' '
7
# ' '!
- 3 : 7! 0
!*
7 "
+
' ! +
# '!
" '
+
! 7! *
'
/ + '
'
/
M
7 F 3# -
!
M
M
7 F @3# - A
!
2
<
< 6
98
<
"
"
" '
'
6 6
7 F F
4
! "
*
<
+ "
! "
0 * ! %
"
8 7 6 '
8 ;
*
' ' ! - 0
!* %-
@
A 7 ! @
A! @
A
"
'
67 8 6 7
!(
7
& & G
#
7 !
6 8 "
#
%
" '
"
'
*
% - - ! * #
"
"
'
6
<
8 #
6 ' "
. 6+$
, $7B B
) , "
$@9 B
) , G $@@ B
$@B D@:
!
4
+ "
- % "
'
'
'
*
'!
' @8A
; 3!
6 8 &
"
6
'
8 -
' -
J7
+
'
* ! !
C
-
" &
7 3!
67 86 8
J7 #
# 2
* *
!
6
8
6
8
<
'
K
6
:8
" '
, !
6
F
" 7
-
#
"
" '
<
" "
(
"
!
" !
#
'
+
7
"
"
4 @ !A
7
F
!
#
+
"
( "
(
"
9
* !
(
"
87
7
7
/
*
"
.
'
'
#
+
7 9 9 : 9 :
!
? 9 : ?
&
-
'
"
!
'
<
2
(
"
+
' +
7
'
% ' ' <
2
# +
"
;
'
'
'
8
7
6
8 3
4'
6 "%
8
-
!
7 F 8
'
!
' 7 8
4
# 6 ?8
& 2 -
' 6 /8
678
7 F
& # &#
&#
" '
' #
<
"
' ' "
6 8 "
/
7 , @A I& # J
'
& 7
&
#
H
= ! *> *
- - !
6
"
8
""
5 "
'
'
2
" '
' "
7 @&# A
&#
F
%
'
"
)
! " "%
(
*
M
@ F AM M
(
7 7 7 %
= = 2 2 2
!
%
#
"
+
+
"
#
'
! !
"
*
* # '
6
@8
# (
- * - !
*
*
"M
# @A
7
@A
@A
#
7
(
! '
9
! 7 !
¼
@A 7
@
A
M
"
! * = > 9
#
&
! ! -
' #
'
(
%
P 7 Æ @ F M
A
M
' " *
+
#
!
"
@ A
"
+
'
-
' 6
'
' 6
B8
"
"
"
"
.) '
<
" "
7 F
F % @
A
-
'
7
"
7 F
;
"
/
'
'
"
"
!!
" .) + " ; * + (
@ A @ + A
+
?1 7 %
-
+ ( * 6 ' '
'8 '
7 M
' ' +
- - >
>
M
@
A 7 :Q @ A
+
%
>
M
@
A 7 :Q F
%
+
"
*
:Q
"
-
"
"
'
!
.) +
(
+
'
-
(
7
' > " > F
M
@
A 7 Q: >
F > F
%
#
'
' " % + '
(
*
+
% ! 7! 6> 7 8
7
M
* 7 %*
7
Q
:
%
'
> 7 +
+
"
(
"
@ A
P 7 !
Q ! Æ @
: F M
A
%
" (
"
'
' +
#
"
+
"
"
" %
+
"
" '
+ 7 7 " +
+ 7 7 " +
+ 7 7 " +
7 " + 7 +
P 7
P
!'
#
*
"
P 7
@ A
R/ !
.
Q
: !
M .
+
*
.
6
B :8
'
'
*
#
"
P 7
(
!
R/ :Q !
.
*
+
+
6.78
A
N 7 N
7 N8 7
#
$.!
'
% 0 '
@
$7 L7
"
(
% 0 (
7
@ (
% (
< (
6
8 (
"
(
" -
!
"
(
@ A@! A ! *
!( ! *
P ) 7
7
)
#
+
*
!(
P 7
" <
!(
P )7
)
! *
'
"
; #
< ) 6;#<)8
"
P &
"
(
' / $#
"
M
= @ A 7 ! @ A 7
@ A F
-
'
&
C
'
"
"
!*
(
.)
"
"
*
0 .5
)> " &
&
$ "
)
3
' +
6 8
( +
# ' '! '
9$ !
" '
@ A 7 @ 1 0 " A
"
6 8
0 * 0 ' "
+
' ;
0$
' + (
. $0 (
#
#
#
7
# # @#!/# A #!
0
+ !
"
(
"
#! #!
7 F3 ! F !5
#1 #1
'
'
. $0
(
# #
! 3 ! 7 5
# #
'
!
'
; 9@! , '
"
(
+
;
+
"
A
!@
A 7
!
+
&
% 7! - 3
&
+
" '
'
*
3
;
)' + 6
7D8
! +
-
5 <! 0 %!9? < D
+
" !
"
#
)' 2 (
'
0
' + - '
+
)'
& '
!
' ! '
+
! 0 *
- - "
-
<1 7
- "
- - "
" " "
+
" '
% 6'
0
* 8
"!A
7 @
#1 #
<1 7
# #1
4
<1
#
+
' )' 2 (
+
' (
" '
9$ (
#<1
7
#1
#
' '
! 0
.M) '
0
!
'
(
!
'
7 <1 <1 F
!
4
6
"
78
0
'
" '
.) +
-
'!
'
0
' '
+ -
. $0
(
)' 2 (
'
"
+ <
"
#
7 <
# @# /# A
#
7 @< A
#
7 @ F - A
I "
#1
7
#1
? < ! .
'
+
* *
-! " I
"
'
" '
#S
F
#
¾S 7
!&
. 8 = / 4 3
<
)' + " (
*
+ 6
8
'
'
' (
*
+
"
'
"
+ '
# ! ! 7! 2
@
A 7
:Q 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
'
:Q2
%2
Æ
' '
' +
*
:Q2 ,
'
' *
" !
:Q
:Q
+ - * !! *
;
<
+ '
<
6
8
7
# @A
$
%2
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%2 @A
%2
<
' " (
*
.) + -
<
"
!
; Æ
%
"
B
%2 7 @
%2 F
%2 A
"
%2 7 @
%2
%2 A
(
#
%
'
&
IB
%2
¼ %2¼ J 7 "MÆ
¼ Æ22¼
IB
%2 B
%2 J 7
¼ ¼
I %2 ¼ %2¼ J 7
'
7
' '
<
'
7
%2 7 @ B
%2 F "
%2 A
M
%2 7 @ B
%2 "
%2 A
M
7
%2
%2 F M
% &
%2
¼ %2¼ 7 Æ
¼ Æ22¼
!)
' !
' "
'
.
M
"
" " " (
"
%2
7
%2
%2 F 7 >
%2 F
M M
> %2 7 %2 %2
; Æ
' " '
'
+
M
%2 7
%2
M
%2 7
M
%2
7 :2
%2 @A
F
%2 @A
%
2
7
M % F &
%2
%2
%2
%2
%2
7 >
%2 F
M
%2
+
"
"
"
%2
%2
%2 7
' @
%2 A
%2 O
" " '
'
' "
"
%2
¼ %2¼ 7
¼ %2¼
%2
F
6
B 78
#
' '
(
*
+
7
7
M : 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
/
.
" +
0
*
.
)
'
+
"
'
.
)7
M
.
@+ :Q A 9
'
. 6.8 ! *
F
)
6)78
"
68
" L7 $7
(
* +
!2 "! "
(
/ "
>
> F "
("
+
&
C @ A 7 C @ A 7
3
+ /
6
8
(
*
+
"
'
'
'
*
+ '
+
(
* +
"
@A 7
M : 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
+
"
/
' +
"
' +
¼
M ¼ ¼
T +
Q:2 +:Q2 7
"T
:2 :2 Æ
%
"
"
:Q
"
9
7
Æ :Q
:Q
:Q
"
F
Q :Q
:
R !
M F
; 90 * 2
;
"
" *
'
" :Q
:Q :Q
:Q
9) " " "
7
R !
M
F
'
0 5
*
* - *
$
-
"
-
"
"
G
* - - .
*
9
7 : :Q
Q
R !
*
$
" *
+/
.
"
+
( 6 98 +
" + '
+
(
" & - " "
<
" +
& ( + "
!
"
N 7
@
M A
%2
'
@N A 7 P
M
! ! - %- - !7!
- *
@ A
A 7 @
3 !
%
' & * *
- * * 7
"
-
! ! 8 - *
! - -
'
'
"
( $$
N$ 7
'
#
"
"
;
$ +
!( $$
4) 7 @ F A
4
- ' *
.
AE
"
" '
& "
"
( $$
N 4) 7 N F
- 7D9@ # . 0" 5 5
'
(
*
! 0
!*
" ' "
'
(
, $
(
&
4) !(
N 7 F
M
M ! '
-
, +
>
(
$
6
:8
' '
>
(
+ '
'
'
,
$ (
"
)! *9 0
'
'
7 9 I
F @
AJ !@
A
'
'
M
7 I F
AJ !@
@
A F @
9-
A
<
'
#
3 ! % *
,
'
9
(
7 @
A
9
F 9 7 @
A
#
#
"M
F "M 9
"M
"M
9
! 7 @
A !
# #
'
-
(
'
'
! + (
!
>
(
"
(
"
!
7 !
#
! 7 "M
"M
9
!"
#
4' '
& 7 ! F !"
# 7 ! !"
(
'
(
" '
" '
9$
M
" M
"
9
"
9
7 M
F
" 9
"M
9
M
"
"9 # # #
7 M
F 7M
D
"9 # # #
+
#
# D "
"9
D 7
"9
D 7
#
+
(
" +
#
D F 7
# M
'
"
"
7 7
"
D D
"
"
"
$
D
7
"
D
7
"
"
D D1 7 Æ1
-
$
' (
' ' ' '!
"
+
M 7 D
M
7 " D
+
(
9$
#
7
#
'!
! 9$
'
""
*
; $
+ '
'
'
&
7
#
#
9 F
& &
#
'
'$
(
(
$
6 6
6 M
F F Æ @
A 7 *
!
&
&
&
F)! * , G. !%! - , ' '
'
+
<
+ '
!
" <
<
& *
9
&
'
!
'
'
45 +
+
'
' '
(
H
'
;
+
N
$I
(
7
'
*
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
''
7 ! ! % '
'
+
'
! ! - F * % *
G '
'
+
'
+
'
(
%
'
"
F
F
7
7
F
F
7
7
7 9
¼
7 Ƽ
*
"
*
'
" '
*
"
4
'
"" C
'
+
2 !
9
"
' '
$
0 "
9
'
9 '
F
7
%
F
7
%
'*
F
7
%
F
7
%
#
'
'
7
9
' "
&
(
"
'
9
'
+
"
'
'
'
7
-
9
"!'
- '
F
(
'
6
"!'
8
'
F #
9
# ' !
'
'
'
%
(
"
0
* "
"
'
%
+
0
* "
!
9$ "
D
(
'
" % !
'
7 4)
4) 7 F "D D
'
7 E
, % ! "
+ '
7
7 F D D
'
" +
%
(
7 5 7 D
'
D
7
'
+ '
2
'
D ' !
'
! # %
- !
; 9 " 9 ' 7?
"% # !7
! - *
D 7 D D D D
'
" '
D D 7
; " D '
'
;
'
5 7 D
' ! D " " '
7 % 2 A -
M
7
M
D 7
G M
D 9
G M
D D 9
5
!
M 1
9 ?
7?
D
( "
( D
7
; '
(
7
'
!
( !
#
D F 7
# M
" D D F
D 7
M
#
#
'
" '
<
7 " D D F
D
<
-
'
(
-
'
<
%!
"
'
I J 7 " D ID 1 J 7 M
D @D D A
'&
'
I J 7 M
D ID D J
/
"
- * ! '
I ; J 7 I J F I J 7 M D @D D A F M D ID D J 7
(
% * "
"
#
I J
J 7 I 7
; ' ! '
'
. + /
+ '
7
'
(
<
7 " D D
$ '
'
(
'
'
G
'
'
0* '
'
) 7 '
9 B* *
7
%
F
%
¼
%¼ %
¼
&
%¼ % "D D
"D D
¼
'
" '
3
* -,
3 ! % - %
!
'
K " '
- "
(
<
'
$
,
&
"
" (
"
(
"
; #
(
"
(
"
'
$
*
7
F , 2
@ A , 2
')
#
(
"
7 F F
'
$
( " * ! -
3 , "
&
7!
0"
'
'
E
F
$*
' -
'
'
'
" "
"
6
$ 8
*
'
"
<
+
' '
*
$
'
'
"
'
'
6 '
+
' 8
'
'
!
'
' E
F
(
%
+
'
6
+ 8
7 D
,
%
!
"!
'
7
%
%
%
7
%
% %
7
%
%
7
% %
'
+
'
%
-
' +
(
*
+ ' '
+
0
(
;
0
*
' !
'
M
'
' 9$
0
" '
0
7 M M #
D M
#
6# "
( 8
! !
7! "
9
M
+9? * *
*
,
M
+
M
0
#
#
#
M
M 7
# # @# /#A #
#
M 7
#
#
D M
7
#
#
D F 7
# M
*% ,
0
. $0
(
+
!C ,
<
"
0
'
<$
"
4
<
<
(
#
7 M D D
F
D
#
# '
<
@
A 7 %
%
@
A 7 %
%
#
0 - 7!
" +
7
% %
/
'
'
; Æ
' "
7
F
Ý
F
@
A 7 F
%
Ý
@
A 7 F
%
Ý
F
F
*
¼ Ý
F
F ¼ 7 Ƽ Æ ¼
F
F 7
Ý
F
F 7
Ý
> 7 F F
>
"
$
+
<
' "
+ '
' "
E
F '
'
Ý
7 F
Ý
7 F
9 '
'
) )¼ Ý
¼ 7 Æ))¼ Æ ¼
4' '
+
<
@
A 7
F )
)
F
) )
%
)
) ) ) )
@
A 7 F
F
%
)
7
F )
Ý )
F
) )Ý
)
7
F )
Ý )
F
)Ý )
F
)
* - %
6
+
8
"
(
* .) +
'
' !
*
4
'
6/ $.
8
$
'
"
'
.
"
'
"
" 29 ,!
- -
* ,
* - 9
"
F
F
$
F F ¼ 7
*
! *
F F ¼ 7 F
¼ F
-
'
- - <
4
-
- * *
! ,
)
@"D F
A 7
)
@"D F
A 7
*
/
'
' " )
' I
4 ' )' 2 ( " . ) )
"
'
" '
'
7D
"
" '
)
5
"
)
/! / 5 6 7 78A
"% '
'
'
'
' "
)' 2 ( )
'
' +
.) '
' * E
F !
" "
.) ' ( '
7
.& 6 7 8A #
' ! !
' &
)' 2 (
' 6 . 8
'
!
A 5
6 7 8
' $
"
'
'
" 6 7 98 ( * $
/
6 7 9 78
( * 7 M 7
$
" " '
*
- ! )
6 7 ? 8A #
' & "
%
! "
'
H
!2
# A - &
'
' "
! ' '
!
&
"
! ) Æ &
'
6 '
8 "
! ' '
" 6
8
)
%9 !
"
-
)
' #
'
) "" #
""
' "
.
' !
'
.
"
!2
*
(
7
'
)
2 "" 6
8 (
( ""
""
*!
" ' (
!
'
!
(
+
"" !
(
+
+ ' "" !
+ ' ! '
'
:* ! ? < % 6 8
'
6 98 !
7
'
' "
"
"
# '
O . 7 ? A
'
/ '
!
$
'
O
@ <
5- .
@Æ
9 !C A
1# 1 6 >
& !
" "
.)
6
8
!
("
" " "! " '
6 "! 8
5
"% ,"%
" '
*'
- '
"% " 7: ' ' "
'
'
"%
- '
" :
2
'
"
' '
/
("
"
'
'
"
Æ
"
'
&
@ ' A @ ' A
7
@A @A
-
' &
"
C'
("
**
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
Object 1 at Temperature T
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
Object 2 at Temperature T
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
000000000000000000000000000
111111111111111111111111111
Black Body at Temperature T
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
Object 2 at Temperature T
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
00000000000000000000000000
11111111111111111111111111
"! "
" "
## 7
"! " . ' @ ' A
" +
"! " '
C
'
"
C
& '
- ' !
' " 6
"
"!8
! "! "
" '
@ ' A
"! "
' "! " '
'
*
' C'
@ ' A 7 @ ' A
!
!
!
9
(
"
5
3
! 6
7 : 78
6
.) ' 8
"! "
' "
.)
(
-
'
H
' "
'
(
.)
'
%
&
@ ' A 7 +'
!
+
' "
'
&
@ ' A 7
1
3
< +
'
+
' -
'
' "
"
'
(
'
7 .
"
(
""
(
/*
"
!
(
"
'
4
!2 /! /
** +' " * '
5
+
*&
-
.) ' ' !
!
+ " '
'
' 7 * 6-
/! /
8
'
@ ' A 7
1
3
*)
#
(
'
@' A 7 + ' 7 @' * "/
/ Æ H A '
*@M A
O . 7 ? 7A #
P "
$
! " :
' O
O . 7 ? A
' "!
"! "
'
@ ; '
(
6
'
'
8
!PO
.&
'
!2
+
/! /
.)
.
'
7D:
'
'
(
7 6<
4" *
&
I
5 8
Cathode
e
Anode
#
* & ! = > -
%
)
'
3 *
% * -,
'
+
"
(
+ "
!
"
!2
(
& - G '
7 G
(
%
'
"
G
"
&
6
8
6 / >
' "
"
*
5
6(8 '
"
' #
"
: : ) G (
"! "
"
"
'
<
(
D <
"
%
;
"
(
"!
"
O . 7 ? 9A .
' " "!
: : ) G
O
"
' "
* ' !
'
- 9
!
)' 2 (
!
*
"
"
-
)
< - ! !
- % - ;
'
$" " !
Æ
" <
'
)
# '
( ' 5
FG !
6< ""
E 'F 8
+
" '
' 5
2
"
'
" (
( '
# 5
2
$! !
, & !
+
!
, &
E F
'
" '
'
+ >
< '
(
G
'
&
' ' $ )
"
;
.
+ " '
'
*
% 0
!*
" '
'
?
!
"
"
:
+
"
/
!2 7 * ! - ! 3! ! * '
.
' ( + "
" "
5
!* -
" <
' ' "
)
7 * +
'
/
'
'
# '
<
"
Æ G
(
" #
(
"
' " '
<
'
+ " '
'
"
;
<
'
/ '
$/
&
(
)
(
A#A :
/
"
!
"
<
+
<
"
! . !
*
* , <!
7 M 7
M
/
<
*
/ "
7
!:
( *
7
7 M
M
7
(
M
7
!:
M
7
!:
7
!: M
4' ' % '
# '
<
+ 6 7 : 8A ('6 7 7
( M
% @ A 7
(
7
M
#
'
7
F % @
A
M
(M
7
(M
( M
7
M M
(
(
7
(
(
(
7 7
2 7 7 * G /
2
* 0
!* *
9
#
/
"
(
7
M
@ A@) A
7 7 ' Q
'
"
"
: !
/
2
'
(
*
M * ! - 0
!* <
*
' /
2
: 7 ! . - . ! $5(H@
% "
A'A : & :!
5 ! 2
64 " 8
A'A 2 !
# ' '
+ '
" '
@ '
% @ A 7
'
! ! 6
% @
A 7
!:
#
" " +
7 (
('6 7
!: M
(89' 7
M
<
( M
% @
A 7
&
'
AA
.
7 9 !' ( 6
) 7
) 7 ' 8
'
! " :
; '
'
7 @!"/
A@!) A/@! ) A 7 * ! "/
#
@' A 7 @' * "/
/ Æ H A '
* !
' 7
' *
' 7 '& Æ H
0
@ ' A ! :
' #
@ ' A
5 " $ @ A 7 ?@A "
@ ' A 7
1
3
@ ' A 7
1
3
7 7
1
3
1
3
! '
1
3
' @/+' A
1
3
7
1
3 @
1
3
A
@/+' A
1
3
1
3 7
@
1
3 A
'@
1
3 A
/+' 7
1
3
/+' 7 '@
1
3 A
)
0 1 7 /+'
(
1 7 '@ A
-
J:
1 7 ! )
7 ! )+'
- ' ! 7 '
7 *
@* * A@* !A
' 7 7 7 * 7 '
'+ @'A@ ! A
2 '
AA : & :!
5 ! - +
D %
;
(
'
. @ ' A
@ "!$
;
'
'
@ ' A
"!
' '
'
'
)
'
*
'
%
#
"!
/
"
'
' #
" " @
"!
" ' "
"
$
;
" '
! '
7 '+'
7 '+' /
@ A@* * A
7 /@'+' A 7 7
@'A@ ! A@ A
!
'
@ ! A@ A
7 &+' / 7 7 * 0
@* * A
AA *
! * *
- =
> - 7D <
'
+
" '
' "
68
+ '
"
!
'
'
2
' "
# '
% * - ! - - *
&
#
"
0 '!
7
' # 2
"!
0
'
.
10
7 % -
7
F !
!
7
!
% - *
F
7 F F
, ! '
!
(
F
7 F
(
F F
F
7 @ A F @ A F
'
(
F
F
F
7 F
F
F
"
F
7
@
A 7
@ A
@
A @ A
7
@ A
7
&
7 / 7 / +
7 @ A
#
'
!
"
7 @ A
"
2 '
" '
!
'
( -
' ! "
(
AA# 5-!8 H <
-
'
"
:
'
( !
'
(
"
"!
'
P
'
"
+
6'
' ' * 8
!
G
'
"
7 ,
'
K
"
5
2
4' '
'
6
6
% 7
!: !:
6
% 7 6
!: !:
6 6
6
% 7 F 7
!: &:
@ A@)A@ * A
% 7
7 ?
/
& @& &' /?
A
!
G
F '
"
(
F '
"
;
: Q ' '
" ?B G '
;
" : ; ' '
?B ) G '
&
? % 6
**! ! - * 7
AAA
*6 6(M @ A@)A@) A
C 7 7 7 + 7 *& +
&: @ A@'A
) +
7 #
'
'
%
'!
GP 6
8
!
!
G # %
'
7 7 %
7
M
7 %
M
@) % Q
A
7 7 !Q
% %
/
5
<
( '
&
@ ' A 7 +# '
#
"! " P #
'
" '
" $
P
#
'
'
%
'! GP
9 '
" '
"!$" !
7
:
'!
G "
'
6
G8
%
/ " "
'
?
&
5- '
@Æ
/ +
$ % '
" & " '
'
' ' '
' '
'
'
'
7B
'
" =
'
" "
%
! - * ' ' !
'
"
7D
' '
. )
'
" .) '
&
'
'
'
'
" '
&!
d sin θ
d
laser θ
.) ' '
$ !
'
'
6 8 (
0
&
"
!
'
" '
&
(
'
% - 6"
8
+
' - %
&
&
' "
" '
'
'
' " *
' '
" ' '
&'
& " /
% !* - ! 7! -
#
" !
" #
;
7
%
7 6
8
"
(
7 .
)
' ' 3 - - !
*
- % *
7
' ' !
- *
% *
7 .
Æ "
!
"
"
! &
! ' # ' '
'
&
)
O . ? 7A
&
'
'
4'
"
O
&*
+ +
&
" '
' &
'
' &
'
+
O . ? A
&
'
4'
" & O
/
+ % 7 ! !
* ! -
I " & 4! 7DB
'
' '
/
; ' & *
&
&
&
&
' ; ' 39
! - * !
'
&&
&
'
" ' < ! - * !
&)
1 !"
0
*
"
. )
' " .
5
.) ' '
'
5 ;
.) '
0
*
:* ! ? < % , - %
'
'
" -
'
9$
9$
7 @
A
.
7 @
A
5
0
* "
" ? <
%
;
"
9$
7
F 7
0
*
'
'
/ 7 F
)
-
' !
0
*
&
'
! &
.1 #
. 7
M
7 7
/
7D
#
&
(
7 7 /
M
'
/ '
' "
) $
-
'! '
+
"
'
* '
" 7D
A#A * :* $ % *
# (
& *
G G 6 )
G ) G8
"
+ - -
6
8 "
7 G
&
'
!
7 G
'
"
/ '
!
- ' '
" '
!
%
-
!
' 7 @
A F
7 @' F
A @
A
'
M
7 7
- "
M 7 ) +Q '
!
'
G - !
'
7 ' 4 +
7 ) & 4 +
6- ' ***
!
Æ
$
" ' 8
- ! '
9 %
'
% 7 '
)
- !
'
9 % ' **
' 7 7
7
'
'
7 G
$ 7 G RR
:7 G 7 G 7 G
)
7 7 7 Q
% !" ?
@
5
;
64" *
.
8
0
; +
' '
! - *
- % 9! -
+
-
)
4' '
; ' - +
-
6#
-
&
7 8
'
&
'
#
*
-
-
"
#
' -
"
P -
"
" '
4
' '
67 S
T8 ! #
*
<'
'
P -
'
"
0 ! -
'
'
)
#
&
" " '
- ' % '
"
"
' S
7 '
"
" #
'
"
4' ' ' '
# * *
" &
' '
)!
#
"
'
'P ' ' F '
'
'
, % - * *!
*
! - '
& ' "!
'
& P
-
" P
P
"
-
'
" '
E
F -
'
#
2
!
; ' ' ' ! 3 # ! "
"
)'
4 '
" '
'
' % % !
"
'
F
6"" &
" 8
P
" 2 '
*
"
#
2 ' &
" / C '
<
/ '
&
' !
" '
'
6
8 / " "
+
" '
"
; " % *
!
! 7 *
" &
"
2
?
. /A 666
'
AA 6
-
&
'
'
4'
"
3
AA 6
- *
&
'
4'
"
&
3
)*
) +
7 #
/ '
'
7 ? G !
P #
/ '
'
7 ) G !
P
7 ? G
7 '2 %
$
7 *
7 *
7
@ *A
M
M
M
7 7 7 7
@ *A
@) % Q
A
7 Q
'
@ ' % A@ * % A
7 ) G
"
$
'
7
M
@) A 2 % < A
7 7 <
2 %
#
/ '
'
P
!
8 7 G
"8 7 ) G
8 7 ) G
&
6
8
'
" '
"
"
+ 4'
' #
" F
F '
'
"
"
#
'
& P
9 #
/ '
'
P
!
8 7 G
"8 ) G
: #
N . <
/ '
*
P 6;
8
?
/ '
68
'
7 ) G !
6"8
'
7 ) G !
68 7 "
'
7 S 6
S 8 / !
'
@
)
; +1 %
"" +
(
+
+ "
' (
+ '
- + D
"
"
# ' ! -
+ ' " "
'
&
!
; "
'
"
7
(
"
7 7 M
# ' 3
! @ A
!
.) +
' '
@ A
7
7 ! , ,
""
@ A 7 @ A
6# '
"
"" 7 '
'
8
$ % C -
- 4 1 A 1 - !
- - !!! - * %A (
- !:* ! &. - 3 A
0 *
; " ' '
" '
=
' = ( '
" ! /
" (
'
"" "
)
""
# ! ' !
+ # ' +
"
'
&
#
'
' $
'
(
#
'
@ <
5- '
@Æ
9
!C A
)&
"
A A 5% - 3 H
' " !
" ,
!
" !
% '
""
" 7 F "F
"F 6#
F
"
" 8 "
( $7
% 7 "F 63
" 8
" (
" "
"
%
7 7 @ "FA@ F "FA 7 F "F "F F F 7 F F
(
"
" ( '
# '
! 7 F "
!
7 "
U
" (
' 7
#
'
7
7
'
'
"
7
A A 5% - % * $ %
' " "
@+ A
'
'
'
+
+ 7
I
I 7
))
(
-
"
(
" 7
7
*
(
" "
0
'
!
'
7
! 7
! '
7
* '
+ 7 7
- '
" !
'
7
+
!
' '
7 7 7
+ .
- $ ) '
M+ 7 7 M 7
M +
+
M
@+ A 7 7 7
M
M
U "
'
'
"
M
+ M
+
: 7 7 7 7
+
6
$ 7 8
+
7 # '
' 6
* 8 '
!
.
-
.
!
"
@ <
5- '
@Æ
9
!C A
1 9 = + ; !" #
#
'
'
- !7
@ A 7
7
'
'
" + +
" 7 M+
(
+ 7 M -
*
@ A 7 @ A 7 '
# ' ! '
*
<!
@ A @ A 7
! ' ! '
* ' & ' "
5
' ; 6 9 ? 78 $ @A '
'
* * # ' ' ' !
-
' " '
; 6 9 ? 8
$ @A 7 @+ A
+
'
Æ
'
"
@+ A 7 $ @A
*
$ @A
@+A
6'
8
"
""
$ @A$ @A 7 @+ A@+ A+
# $ @A % & +
Æ
@+A
"" "
$ @A
""
' " + +
@+ A + 65 "
7 M +
" # '! '
+ '
8
/ 9 = !" #
0 ' 3 - % & <! + * 7
7 E ( F ! A @+ A 7 + * + * + F '
I ! A @+ A 7
2
2
"
*
" 7 M +
!
*
678
@+ A + 7 + 7 7
!
*
68
+
I
6
9 ? 8
7
( (
2
@+ A + 7 + 7 7
(
' ' !
; 678
$ @A 7 @+ A
+ 7
+
% &
$ @A 7
#
$
7
" "
%
&
$ @A 7 "
7
"
4
@ A ( 7 7
- (
& T -
( *
;
;
I
6
9 ? 98 ' ! @+A 7
2
2
$ @A 7
(
I
# '
'
I
"
*
-
"
$ @A 6
* @+A *
8 '
Æ
'
<
7
= % ! * M +
! '
<!
#
+
- #
'
'
* "
#
"
!
' ! '
'
+
' !
'
*
'
2
$
' ! ' "
- %
N+N
;
E ( F !
'
+ N+ 7
'
+
"
+
""
7 7
'
'
N 7
N+ N 7 !
'
+
" 4
'
'
@+A
'
$ @A
!
;
I
' ! '
51 ! -
!9
'
;
I
6
9 ? 98
9 7 (
9
7
!(
#
'
'
!$
'
$ !
9 9
7
@ % & *%
# '
- '
7 M +
N 7
M N+
0 * D
M
NN
- '
!
'
' ' '
!
'
- ' *
"
- '
! '
+
"" "
+ 4
+
#
'
@A '
!@A #
6; 8
#
;
$ @A 7 @+ A
+
@+ A 7 $ @A
#
'
" + '
;
@A 7 !@A
M
!@A 7 @A
M
'
- ' +
@A "
!7
@ A 7
M
6
8 '
!7
@A 7
M
"
* 7 "
*
'
+
'
, ;
' "
' !! - !7
* @A
@A 7 !@A @A
' + !@A
!@A 7 @A @A
" ' '
'
+
@A 7
" '
!
'
+
@A 7
" '
"
"
@A !@A
" '
'
@A ' " '
"
# ' +
'
' ' # '
/$!
6
: 98
% " / :
!" # >
'
;
7
!
7 #
'
' "!
'
!
' ! # '
"
$
( &
' @ 6
8 ' ! @+A 7 2
7
#
;
@ A 7 @+ A +
# '
J
+ ;
%
;
7 M 7 M+
7 + ;
$
7 M 7
7
@+A
' !
!$
@+ A 7 @+ A F
+
@+ + A F
+
@+ + A
#
"
Æ
@+ A 7 F : @+ + A F E @+ + A
;
: 7
E 7 ;
45
: 7
E 7
;
6
9 ? :8 '
@ A 7
( F "E
@ A 7
( F E
'
#
' '
' ! '
" E 7
;
45
' ! '
* %
:
7 "
'
! !
5) '
9 7 ( F
' !
"
' &
&
# !
*
' "
#AA 2
"
7 $ @A
"
; ' 3 !
! -
@ A
$ @A 7
@
AF
-
@
A
"
'
( '
"
+
$ @A 7
*
6 '
8
"
7Æ
"
'
Æ
"
7 $ @A
"
-
; (
' '
$ @A 7
"
7 $ @A
"
# '
+
*
#AA 2 -
' ' - 3 ! 7
' '
'
' '
'
"
+7
+
!
' '
"
+ ,
"
+
+ 7
- ' +
@+A 7
"
'
!
'
' '
+
$ @A 7 @+ A
@+ A 7 $ @A
%
;
- $ @A
*
@+A ' "
* '
6 8
;
$ @A ""
$ @+A
" ""
6
!$ 8
#AA 6 * - @
% !
+
I
+
+
#
"
" " ;
"
"
'
7
+
= 7
-
"
1
= 7 1 7 1
= 7 7 @ A 7 I J
7
4' % !
(
' "
,
" "
" &
'
#
#
7
# #
7
#AA# 2 - - @
# 2 '
2 - @ % &
6
8 !$ @+A 7
2
$ @A
@+A 7
2 ?@+A
? @+ A 7 2
;
(
2
+
$ @A 7
4' ' '
'
+ I
'
' ! '
' ;
+ 7+ +
'
+
7 +
(
$ @A 7
2
+
(
¼ ¼
$ @A 7
2
+
4' ¼¼' ' ,
# !
2 + ' +
"
+ 7+
(
&
+ 7 + 7 + 0 '
'
'
"
( @+ A 7 (+ F "+ F
( !(
#
"
(
(
2
¼
$ @A 7 +
"
2
+
(
¼¼
2
$ @A 7 +
' '
I
'
%
2
(
$ @A 7
(
$ @A 7
(
0 & <
$ @A 7 7 ( 7
( (
I * @+A ' * $ @A
5) I "
"
@A 7
9
( $ @A '
@A 7
(
5
Æ
'
9 7 (
;
'
!$ ( 2
@+ A 7
5
Æ
'
9
7
!(
)
#
'
'
!$
'
$ !
9 9
7
'
0 * D
M
9 9 7
-
M
9 9
I
' !
"
T
#AA' ! - @ $ % &
' '
I 6 8 ' ! @+A 7 2 7 #
*
' '
@ A 7 @+ A +
# '
J
+ ;
%
@+A
' !
!$
@+ A 7 @+ A F
@+ + A F
@+ + A
+ +
#
"
Æ
@+ A 7 F : @+ + A F E @+ + A
¼
#
" )!
"
+
7 + +
@+
A 7 2
;
+
¼ ¼
@ A 7
+ @+
A
;
< +
¼ ¼ ¼
@ A 7
+ 2
;
< +
¼ ¼
@ A 7
+ 2 <
; +
#
' * !! 6 '
'!
(
8
'
¼ ¼
$ @A 7
2
+
7
, '
'
+ + + + @ : A
( @( F "EA #
' '
'
@ A 7
( F "E
@ A 7
( F E
#AA H
6
8
% 7 * 7 * U
+
I
'
"!
(7 7 /
M
"
'!
M 7 ) +Q
7 ) 4 +3
Q
7
3
7
/
*
<
M
7 7 ' )
(
7 ) & 4 +/
7 ) ) *4 +/
7 '4 +/
#AA 2
! - < %
3 *
<
%
!
+
$ @A Æ @A 7 $ @A
+
- !
$ @A
'
+
$ @A Æ @ A 7 $ @A
'
$ @A Æ @? @AA 7 : $ @A
:
&
"
- ' ! ' !
$
'
@A 7 Æ @ A
7
M
M
' %
+
+
'
Æ@ A
- ;
@ A 7
+
'
Æ@ A
)
#A A , $ % &
I
'
""
"
"$
" "
'
+
@A 7
* *
' @A 7
-
*
7 7
!
;
!@+ A 7
!@+ A 7
! "+
!@+ A 7
#
$
"+ !
@+A
!@+ A 7 I "
+J 7
"+ ! +
4'
'
' "" "
N 7
@+A
!@+ A 7
+
N+ 7
NN+ 7 !
#A A @ $ % &
I
'
""
"
"" "
'
+
@A 7 @ 2 2
A
#A A 2 $ % &
I
'
""
"
"" "
'
+
@A 7 Æ @ A
#A A# 6 FG !
'
'
'
*
#
'
:
!
U
' '
'
7
7 Q
M
7
M
)
7 7 7 +
!
"'
U
2 E F
" '
M
NN
M
N@ AN
M
N/
N
M
/ 7 %
@ Q
A
"
7 G
' "'
'
2 E'
F
#
" '
6 8
' "'
" '
!
#
"
"
&
"'
#A A' 6 FG ! H
-
/
=> 7 4 +
"
' ) G ' ' "'
!
#
%
'
"
#A A + 0
!* @ ! + *
<
6
8
-
'
+
N '
'
#
<
"
/
"
"
N
M
N 7
+
(
(M
% @
A 7 7
0
(M
7
&
7 M
(M
7
M
7 (
!
& '
( *
7 ( 7
7 (
(
(
7 (
7 7 * +
4
% 6$8
!
6 '
G
8
#
M M M
) % Q
@ A
7 7 7 7 7 ' Q
(
(
' %
<
* 6"8
-
"
/
*
%
"" "
" 7 Q
- '
'
* +
7
9 ;
!
*
NN M
M
$ +
'
'
M
@M A @) 2 % < A
7 7 7 7 2 %
@)!2 % A@!< A
D9 ) G
$
' "
:7 ) G #-00 "
!
M
M
) 2 % <
7 7 7 '2 %
!<
" % @
A 7
'
;
% @
A 7 %
* ' ;
%
" "
<
NN M
M
7 7
M
'
6#
( ' 8 )
*
7 7
M
7
M
7 7 7 7
M
M
M
M
M
M
(7
M
7 (M
7 (
9 I
'
""
"
"" "
'
+
@A 7
* *
' @A 7
@2A 2
" @A 7
@A 7 Æ @ A
:
<
"
% @A 7 +
? ;
'
@A
!@A 7
Æ @ A
@ ;
'
@A
!@A 7 4
F * * F
!@A 7
'
B
*
@A 7 * *
@A 7
'
#
""
" '
F P
D "
'
&
'
'
'
&
"
7
' $
" @A 7 Æ@ A ;
' $
-
* P .
'
77
@A 7 2 #
""
" '
F P
7
% @
A 7
7
!@A 7 *
!@A 7 '
#
@AP #
"" +
" '
F P
*
79
"
"
"
% @
A 7 - " !
$!
"
"
2 7? ) GS
7: I
'
""
""
@A
'
+
68 M@A 7
* * M@A 7 '
6"8 M@A 7 Æ @ A
68 M@A 7 @ 2 A 2
7?
!@A 7 Æ@ A #
@AP #
* P #
* P
7@
# $
, ' "
&
(
' $
' "
6
? : 78 &
!
'
'
&
'
% &
+
+
"
' ' ! '
'
+
, +
6
+
8
@ A 7
M
#
"
;
@ A 7 !@A @ A
'A A 1 (
#
" (
'
' '
@ A
'
'
@ A 7 @ A
+
"
"
" # +
M
#
7
" #
#
6
: ? 78
'! "
- ' !
@ A 7 !@A @ A 7 !@A @ A
' '
" '
"
'A A
+ *
(
# 6 : ? 8
*
'
#
7 "M
#
&
'A A (
#
"
P
'
7
'
' '!
'
@ A 7
6 '
"
" 8
'A A# 0 (
#
"
# '
0 '
!
$
7 F % @A
M #
7 F % @A
#
%
' "
% &
4
+
- ' ' '! ' !
+ +
6 8 '
+
@A 7
M
#
7 "M
#
7
@&A
" - '
"
6
'
! !@A8
@ <
@Æ
9 !C A
)
% (
, '
(
'
-
@ A
' 3 % $ @A
$ @A 7 @A$ @A 7 @A @A$ @A
#
$ @A " '
% "
$ @A 7 @A $ @A @A
-
" ' '
6! 8
@A
3 % -
7 7 @A @A
/$!
6
: 98
'
"
'
$
"
O . : @ 7A
@A 7
#
2
PO
;
(
"
7 @A @A
3 % -
, !
@ <
@Æ
9 !C A
% 1;# A
'
+
'
+
E F " '
' "
7
+
"" "
'
+
@A 7
+
""
'
+
!@A 7
%%
, 6 " (
8 # +
'
'
' # !7 "
I J
6
8
# '
' " '
/
" &
'
0
!
6&
8
'
' ' I J @A
' " !
' !
@A
M
# M
#
I J @A 7 @A @A 7 @A @A
M
# @A
" #
# @A M
" #
I J @A 7 @A F 7 @A
" # # "
@A '
'
M
I J 7
"
0 ' '
' "
" '
*
' ! ' "
# ' "
#
M
I J! 7 I "M J! 7 " M
! ! 7 "M
@!A 7 !
"
M
I J 7
"
O . : @ A
I J O
O . : @ A
I J O
O . : @ 9A
I J O
O . : @ :A
I J O
@ <
@Æ
9 !C A
%' "
'AA /-
1 (
M
#
7
M
" # M
M "
7
M
" M
M
'AA /-
+ *
(
"
7 "M
M
M
M
7
M
%)
'A A +3 / - 1 @%
@A 7
#
P
2
# '
7 7 @A @A
M
#
7
( " # (
M
#
7
( " #
M
"+
7
( " !(
M
7 "+
( " !(
* "
" 7
M
7 "+
( "
7 M
+ ( 7 M
+
(
.
'A A - !
!
'
!
# #
I J @ A 7 "M
"M
@ A
#
#
# #
7 "M
@ A F "M
"M
@ A
# #
7 "M @ A
5
'
'
I J 7 "M
'A A - !
!
'
!
# #
I J @ A 7 "M
"M
@ A
## #
#
7 "M
"M
@ A 7
# #
7
'A A# - !
#
I J
I J 7 7 F @ A
7 F I J 7 F I J
M
7 I J 7
"
-
'
&
'
!
D &
A 4
'
'
M
# M
# M
I J 7 7
" # " # "
M
I J 7
"
- '! '
"
-
'
'A A' - !
+ "
7
7 1
7 1 0
7 0
# '
I J '
%
I 1 J 7
I J 7
M
I
J 7 Æ
"
' ' %
I J 7 I1 0 0 J
7 I1 0J I1 J I0 0J F I0 J
7 1 I 0 J F I0 J
M
7 @1 A 7 " M
"
- 6 ' 8
& '
!
D &
A
!
%* +
7
" ( '
A
@ A 7 ; 4
@ F F A
;
;
5) $'
' !
;
I
J '
+
"
7
!
#
'
P
) @A 7 / @A
) @A 7
) @A 7 @A
) @A 7 @ F A
9 ;
<
" 7 /
V<W
V<W -
+
'
"
' ' ' !
'
2
P
: ;
I J
?
I J '
<
@
'
%
& ' ()
>
! , - !% - % -
.
!
'
"
'
(
>
(
& *
*
, *
' " - / &
; - '
7
M #
#
7 "M
# #
0
, - !7
M #
7 "M #
# M
# M
'
" "
-
*
# '
&
M
7 "M "
M
M
7
*
, ' ' "
> ( 7
'
' ' '
(
' $
- ' ( "
'
)! * +,
M # @ A # @ A
F % @A @ A 7 "M
# #
@ A 7 @ A
'
7 F % @A
<
-
!
M # @
A
@
A 7
@
A F % @
A @
A 7 "M
#
# ' "
> .(
6 8
!
(
' 3 / >
-
.)
' '
!
'
;
""
"
C'
#
(
'
"" 6
? : 8 " &
@ A 7
>
.(
# @ A # @ A
F 7
# #
(
@ A
+
""
M
# #
@ A 7
" # #
"
'
- ' * - % %
4 # @ A 4 # @ A
7
# #
#
4
@ A 7 @ 7 A @ 7 F A
#
(
""
(
"" C
C
.
!
# @ A
F
@
A 7
#
'
M
% &
@
A 7 @ @
A
A @ @
A
A
"
' +, !" -
(
' '
'
>
(
7 !% %
'
"
'
&
" D
'
M # @ A # @ A
F % @A @ A 7 "M
# #
>
(
- 3 % -
#
!
(
'
"
'
@ <
@Æ
9 !C A
' 5 +,
-
& ( !
> .( " " -
%
"
"
'
- <
" '
@ A 7 @A' @A
>
.(
M # @A
#' @A
F % @A @A ' @A 7 "M
@A
# #
&
F % @A @A
3
"M
7 7 &8 7
@A ' @A
'
(
,
-
(
" '
6'
!
'
8 #
'
(
(
#' @A
"M
7 ' @A
#
'
*
' @A 7 ,
(
(
M # @A
F % @A @A 7 @A
#
'
" " 6
% @A8
(
6 ! ! )! * +,
M # @A
F % @A @A 7 @A
#
<
- ! !
@ A 7 @A
O . ? ? 7A
>
(
% O
'% "
A'A ? (
0
(
@ F F!A 7 F F!
'
F "
! " ' $
&
$
6'
' '
8 > '
> 7
)
A'A
% +,
""
&
'
# @ A #
#
#
7 @ @ A @ AA 7
# # # #
>
.(
M # #
F % @A 7 "M
# #
%
M # #
F % @A 7 "M
# #
6# % @A -
""
"
8
4' '
(
# @ A
M
# M
#
7 % @A F F % @A
# M
"
#
#
M # # M
# #
#
7 7
M
#
" #
" # # #
(
@ A
+
""
# @ A # @ A
F 7
# #
M
# #
@ A 7
" # #
''
AA )! * +,
' '
> .( '
( % # ' + '
#
(
M # @A
F % @A 7 @A
#
# @A
7 @ % A @A
# M
5 "
"
" (
'
"
; %
' +
+ "
(
M+ 7 F
@ % A
'
'
6
8
#
"
" '
@+A
@+A
'
#
"
+
"
+
' "
* % " + "
0 '
M. 7 "M+ 7
@% A
' "
4
'
'
H
# '
)
') +
7
* ('
+ ('! ,
) " -
>
.(
.
(
@A 7 @A
<
@A * -
* %
6.
%
I
8
"
6
"
"8
7
;
6 "
8 ' ,
<
*" "
*" '
*
+
@A
-
*
+
'
*
# '
6
@ @ 78
7 Æ
@A @A 7
# '
" '
"
7 ( F ( F ( F
7
(
6
"
' ' 8
'
Æ
" '
( 7 7
( Æ
7 ( 7 ( 7 (
# '
!
6
@ 98
"
'
(
(
7
(
-
3 % - 0
7
( ( 7 ( (
7
( ( 7 ( ( Æ
7
( ( 7 (
#
Æ - *
!
" (
Æ
( ( "
""
) 2 B / &
; +
0 C*
"
%
'
(
7 @A @A 7
%
'
#
! 7 !
!
%
! 7 !
4' !
<
%
! 7 !
7
- ' !
<
% ' ' "!
-
'
@A 7
@ F - A 7 F -
%
#
'
@- A 7 -
! - 7 ! - 7 - !
O . @ B 7A ;
<
%
F "F O
O . @ B A ;
<
%
O
) 2 &
% % 3 % 6
8
"
/
%
" '
'
'
<
%
!
7 @A @A"
7 @A@ @AA 7
7 7
7
,
'
<
% 0 (
) /
(
+
#
- ' "
7
Q F 1 1Q F 0 0Q 7
Q
Q
Q Q 7 Æ
'
Æ
N
! ( 7 " 7
' ( *
+* - I % - =
7 Æ
#
%- I % =
"
6
8
7
(
!7
E
!
- '
! ! %
7 F 1 1 F 0 0
- ' !7 ! ! "
7
( E
( E
! 7
7
( E Æ
( E
7
#
,
" &
"
%
+
;
'
(
"
6 8 <"
+
"
! 7
!
! 7 !
! F 7 ! F !
! F ! 7 ! F !
- ( * & 7 #
'*
(
0 !
7
)% 1
' '
7 :3 "
+
* * #
'
6
8 '
* '
F
( **
% @A 7
/
+
"
!
! 64
' ' (
'
+ 8
'
" *
7
7
"
*
+
'
+ "
" 6 !
" 8 "
+
)! * , 6
( 8
7
'
<
6
"8
M
7
,
'
7
"
! 3 " '
7
'
+
"
# ! -
!
!
@ 7 A 7 @ 7 A 7
#
" *
7 ,
@+A
'
+
/
/ 7 '
"
7 ,
"!
>
(
'
M
@ A,
@+A 7 ,
@+A
'
"
'
+
/ , <! - *
M
7
#
>
(
"
4' '
, <
7
7 ,
7 ,
5 "
6
8 ' ,
7
+
" '
'
*
'
*
Particle in a Box Eigenfunctions
n=1
n=2
u(x)
n=3
n=4
0 1 2
x
4
'
+
7 '
"
3
" '
* 2
"
A'A
- ' !7 - 3
* *
"
!
<
' !
"
<
'
I J 7
@ A
'
@ A 7 @ A 7 7 @ A
"
7
(
*
* - * - -
- ' ' '
' "!
7
* %
7
"
@ A 7
-
@ A
@A 7
@A 7
M
7 @ A
M
7 @ A
3
,% - ! 3 !7 !
-
@A
L7
@A
$7
3 -
"
'
<
#
-
" '
" '
2
! ! -
@A 7
I
@A F @AJ
)' 4 /
#
!
* - -
@A 7 @A
M
@A 7 @A
"
*
@A 7 ,
&
'
' "
*
+
*"
7 7
"
# ' !
- < - * 6
8
¼
7 ,
, Æ @
A
7 M
-
N
! '
"
!
"
N
!
'!
'
@A 7
M
*
7 Æ @
A
; - 0 "
'
' !
I J 7
I J 7
# & * - -
I J 7
'
'
"
'
@+A @+A '
'
"
% & "
)) "
A A +* - - 0 ( (*
# '
<
-
' ' +
3 - , * %
'
0 ! - * -
7
7
)
4' ' ' '
7
7 7
5 "
* %
2
%
4' ' ,
*
7 @ A
- 7
7
* - *
#
'
* % P
2 '!
'
' %
!
"
'
"
, ' "
* 0
7 @ F A
7 @ A
7 @ F @ AA
7 @ A 7
*
#
* - * - % -
* % , 6
8 ;
'
' ' %
' '!
'
A A
- $ %- ! % %
#
>
.(
'
7 !% % - % -
!
+
"
M
7 @ % @AA
7 @% @ A A
M
!
-
"
% " ' "
6 " 7 8 % "
7
7
7 @% @A A
M
7 7
0 : *
* +
7 7
-
+
"
'
'
(
% @A 7 % Æ@A -
>
.(
'
7
7
7 @% Æ @A A
M
7 7
" +
* : "
'
+
"
7
% @A
7 7 M
!
!% % - % -
'
6
8
)*
A A 0 C* - (
- '
) 7 F "F '
F '
<
% P /
+
<
%
! ) 7 ) !
-
@ "FA! 7 ! @ F "FA 7 @ F "FA!
<
%
%
A A 0 C* -
# '
<
%
# '
#
# @A
! 7 ! @A
# #
!
#
" &
!
#
#! @A
#
! 7 I! @A @AJ
@A 7 !
# # #
<
%
4
<
%
'
<
). +
7
+
"
-
'
" ' !
' "
#
""
' "P U +
!
'
@A
@-A 7 &# &#
&# &#
" "
7
" "
"
"
7
7
"
!
7 " " 7
"
" !
)
7 7
&
&
7
*!
7
"
0
*
"
6 8
0 ;
""
"
'
6U
'
'
8 ;
"" "
+
'
'
<
*
'
7
7
7
7
#
*
<
P #
P
!
9 ;
+ 6' 8
.
*
"
* *
*
"
+
"
'
4*
"
:
+ "
#
P 4'
'
"
'
' "
K #
""
"
' "P #
""
"
+
' "P
?
!@A 7 Æ@ A #
@AP #
* P #
* P
@ ;
<
<
" 7 /
;
@A '
"
<
#
4' '
B
7
"
0
2
;
""
" '
F
D
% @A 7 % #
'
'
<
"
P
'
'
" ' ' '
# '
'
<
'
7
+
F"F
* " '
+
*
8 I
<
" 6<
A 5
' "
8
"8
" 4'
'
"
7 7 G '
G #
""
'
P 6U
'
+
8
77
7
"
*
"
;
""
"
'
6U
'
'
8 ;
"" "
+
'
7
!
- $
*
" " '
'
$
# ' +
) ! * , #
" " '
/
" ' ( & !
!
A A @ -
#
>
.(
'
6
? ? 78
( %
(
'
(
M @A
F % @A 7 @A
@A
@ % A
7 @A 7
M
; %
@A 7
F -
'
+ 7
#
"
" '
@A 7
@+A F - @+A
#
"
'
* % " + "
; '
. 7
'
@A 7 F -
' "
4
'
'
H
4
' '
)
A A
# '
%
( *
% @A 7
F%
!!
;
" "
% ' '
"
7
"
-
!7
C
; *
@A 7
F
+7
M
4 '
Æ
" 7 6)
"
"
8 ;
¼
@A 7 '
@ % A
+ 7
M
64
"
'
¼ 8
Energy
e ikx + Re-ikx Te ik’x
E
V0 V(x)
incident wave transmitted
reflected
0
0 x
& Æ
' '
' "
"
"
$
# '
(
*
'
" '
+
'
"
* 6
" '
' !
'
8
- % - 7
F 7'
( 7
(
!'
- !% % - %- 7
¼
I"+
"+
J 7 I"+
'
J
.
'
(
" #
"
+ @ A 7 + @ F A
@+ F +
A 7 @+ +
A
Æ
+ +
7
+ F +
+
' 7F 7
+ F +
#
'
-
(
F
¼
*
@A 7
¼ ¼
¼
' "
+
6 4 1 .
J!
+ +
"
7 7
+ F +
64
'
Æ
"
Æ
7
"
C
'
" 8
- ' '
'
!++
# 7
"
7
@+ F +
A
# 2
'
C
Æ
"" C 6
B @ 78
"
"" 7
+ 7 +
6
8
""
+
7 6
!
* 8
A A $
#
"
' '
'
% )
* *
% @A 7
+ %
**
!*
4"
@A 7
F
¼ ¼
@A 7
F -
@A 7 '
'
- !7 ! - - ! %
! - *
Aeik’x + Be-ik’x
e
ikx
+ Re
-ikx
Teikx
Energy
reflected transmitted
incident wave E
0
x
V(x)
-V 0
- & Æ #
'
'
+
' "
# ,
'! C
6
B @ 8
@+
+ A
@ +
A
7 "
F + A
@ +
A
++
@ +
A "@+
++
' 7
++
@ +
A "@+
F + A
@ +
A
(
J !
'
. %
* ! ! "
$
"" "
"" " C
J
* < - *A
+
7
!
@ % A
+
7
M
M
7 % F
&
*
;
&
*
'
A A# : ! $
# ' '! '
'
"
% * *
!
! 4
-
@A 7 F -
'
.7
M
'
" "
'
" " F
'
*
"
@A 7 ,
@A 7 ,
-
' 2
@A 7 @+A F -
@+A
@ F % A
+7
M
' '
9 ( 9 ! ' Æ
!&
Energy
C1eκx Aeikx + Be-ikx C3e −κx x
0
E
V(x)
-V 0
6
B @ 8
'
- " *
%
! !!
#
%
6(
*
8
. 7 @+A+
7
@ F % A
@ F % A
M M
M
7
@ F % A
F%
M
!!
. 7 @+A+
@ F % A
7
F % M
(
' '
" '
(
(
E$
F
#
6
8
'
'
7
' -
'
'
'
!)
Potential Well Bound States
5
4
3
2
f(E) 1 sqrt
0 tan
-1 "-cot"
-2
-3
-4
-5
-20 -15 -10 -5 0
E (hbar**2/2ma**2)
7
- '
A A' :
#
/ " '
,
*
)* *
% @ A 7
+ F% **
4"
@A 7
F
@A 7 F -
@A 7 '
' " +
'
;
"
+7
M
'
-
"
@% A
.7
M
Energy
Aeκx +Be−κx
e ikx
+ Re-ikx
Te ikx
V0 V(x)
reflected transmitted
incident wave E
0 0 x
6
"
8
' " '
"
+
".
! !
+.
' 7
+. @ .A "@+ . A
@ .A
#
"" "
@ +.A
!+.
' 7
@+ F . A
@ .A F @ +.A + F .
3
' 7
! < -
)
! % *
% -
"
"
"
'
* 2 &
3
)
!
!
+
$
'
' '
>
.(
<
"
7 F +
'
!
)! * +, - *
*
M
F + 7
4
"
*
+
'
"
-
+
<
'
(
+
7
! , %!
M
F
7
<
, (
6
B @ 98 ' ' +
"
+
"
" '
Æ
'
"
*"
+
*
* %
7 F M
7
"
+
"
'
, *
* #
"
(
*
"
(
'
"
*"
* ! % -
@A 7
M
I
6
8 "
<,
% % !!
+
'
+
I
@A 7
M
M
'
'
I
@A 7 ,
M
4
(
" *
'
#
* '
!
* 3 >
! % ! - !
"
% @A 7 % Æ @A
'
*
( *
@A 7
'
.7
M
'
"
" '
#
2
' "
7 =
'
'
#
'
7 "
Æ
"
Energy
e
κx e−κx
0 0
x
E
V(x)
'
#
'
"
+ 7 5
!
'
+ 6
@ @ 8
7
%
@A
7 7 M
%
. .7
M
%
.7
M
.
%
7
M
M
%
7
M
'
'
"
!
* 3 4 / 4 >
'
'
' !
,
% @A 7 % @Æ @ F A F Æ @ AA
'
7
'
' "
2 %
. *
)* *
A
@A 7
+ @ F
**
.7
M
" " 7
"
"
.
6
B @ :8
%
7 F @.A
.M
(
" '
%
*
.M
%
.
M
'!
. 7
. 7
! * *
*
/
2
" * '
' '
%
'
!
" '
+ " '
'
'
1D Molecule
V(x)
-4 -2 0 2 4 u0(x)
u(x)
u1(x)
' < "
'
@9 %
/
:
" 6
' 8 " 9 : G
- '
" " '
% 7 @ ' A@ A@ *A G
' 7 9B G '
!!
+
(
%
7 F @.A
.M
%
.M
%
.*
M
' " 9 ! *
''
*% 3 4 /
>
N
$
7
- % ! -
% @A 7 %
Æ @ A
, '
'
*
"
"" "
@ F A 7 @A
'
'
& "
@ F A 7 ( @A
@ A * *
@A 7 @+ I JA F - @+ I JA
+7
M
/
"
(
"" " '
+ 6
B @ ?8
(
*
"
%
@!A 7 @+A F
@+A
M +
@!A ! " ' $7 7
! ! - + ! *
!
" '
' @+A F
@+A
+ -
" '
$7
7
+
'
'*
Energy Bands
1
cos(phi)
cos(phi)
0
E
-1
-2
0 5 10
k (/A)
"
'
+ "
'
'
+ "
"
6
8
"
*' 8 6
-
* C - *
"
(
# ' %"
0 '
! % - !
!
7 7
(
- '
7
!
" '
-
- "! 7 0 %
' '
7 (
5 "
" 7 , ' "(
" * % ! ' (
"
7
"
7
7 M
7
* , <! - M
' "
'
'
!
*) "
A A
23 -
"" C
"
M
# #
@ A 7
" # #
# & "
% 6
"!
C
8
M
M
7 7 ,,
"
"
'&
; *
M
7 I@
F
A@"+
"+
A ,, J
"
"M
+
7 I
F
J F ,,
"
M+
7 I J
"" " C
C C "
C -
' ;
M
+
7 '
"" "
C "
C
M+
!+ +
!++
' 7 7
M + @+ F +
A + @+ F +
A
'
A A * - $
)* *
% @ A 7
+ %
**
4"
@A 7
F
¼ ¼
@A 7
F -
@A 7 '
'
'
6" '
' '
8
#
'
'
+
' "
9 (
2
'
9
7 '
(
'
'
-
¼ ¼
'
7
F -
¼ ¼
"+'
7 "+
"+
-
+ ¼ ¼
'
7
-
+
¼
+
7 '
F
¼
+
+
-
7 '
+
')
7 '
(
'
' " '
' "
"
¼ ¼
F
7
F -
¼ ¼
+
"+
"+
7 "+
¼
+
"+
-
¼
F
7 '
F F
+
+
+
+
7 '
+
F
+
¼
+
¼
+
+
+
+
¼
¼
7 ' F
+ +
# (
+
+
¼ ¼
F 7 F '
F
+ +
+
+
¼ ¼
7 '
F
+ + +
+ +
+
¼ ¼
7 ' F F F
+
+
+ +
+ +
! 7 ' ! @ + A " F @ + A
+ +
' 7
@ + A
" ¼ F @ + A
¼
++
' 7
++ @ + A " @+ F + A @ + A
#
"
(
+ +
+
+
¼
¼
7 '
F
+
+
+
+
+
+
7 ' "
@ + A F "
@ + A
! +
"
+
+ +
7 '
@ + A
%
+
& +
¼
"++
@ +
A
¼
7
++
@ +
A " @+ F +
A
@ +
A
" +
+
@ +
A
7
++
@ +
A " @+ F +
A
@ +
A
#
"
(
+
C
@+
+ A
@ +
A
7 "
++
@ +
A "@+
F + A
@ +
A
++
' 7
++
@ +
A "@+
F + A
@ +
A
*
(
C
""
'
A A : ! - $
-
'
'
@A 7 ,
@A 7 ,
.7
M
-
'
"
@A 7 @+A F -
@+A
@ F % A
+7
M
64
'
'
+
+
8 # '
9 (
9
!
'
Æ
'
, 7 @+A -
@+A
., 7 +
@+A F +- @+A
'
, 7 @+A F -
@+A
., 7 +
@+A F +- @+A
' (
'
.
+
@+A F +- @+A
. 7
@+A -
@+A
+
@+A F +- @+A
. 7
@+A F -
@+A
;
+ '
'
(
.
@+A F - @+A
7
+ @+A -
@+A
.
@+A - @+A
7
+ @+A F -
@+A
*
- ' (
'
@+A F - @+A
@+A - @+A
7
@+A -
@+A @+A F -
@+A
'
@ @+A F - @+AA@ @+A F - @+AA
7 @ @+A - @+AA@ @+A - @+AA
-
'
"
(
#
2
- @
@+A F @+AA 7 - @ @+A
@+AA
- 7 -
.
- "
"
" * #
"
#
4'
(
@+A F - @+A
.7 +
@+A -
@+A
! - ' - 7
. 7 @+A+
' 7
.7 @+A+
A A# % * 0( +,
&
(
7 <
,
M
F
7
/ '!
'
"
'
" (
*
#
M
:7
M
# +
17
M
*
(
"
F @
A 7
M
F @: 1 A 7
1
6- "" %
!
" (
" "
" '
M
F 7
M
M
F @
A 7
M
- '! 8
4' ' '
+
1
F @: 1 A 7
1
"
1 7
1
'
7
'
1 '
'
@1 A 7 @1 A
'
@1A
!
&
(
F @: 1 A 7
1
@1 A 7 @1 A
@1 A F :@1 A 1 @1 A 7
1
@1 A @1 A
1 @1 A F @1 A1
1 1
F:@1 A 1 @1 A 7
@1 A @1 A
1 @1 A F 1 @1 A F :@1 A 1 @1 A 7
1 1
@1 A @1 A
1 F @: A@1 A 7
1 1
*
&
(
@1A
# @1A
@1 A 7
1
&
(
I
@
A1 F @: A 1 J 7
@
A@
A1
'
Æ
1
I
@
F A@
F A @
A F @: A J1 7
;
" * 1
Æ
1 " *
@
F A@
F A F @:
A 7
F:
7
@
F A@
F A
'
/ '
'
;
F:
7
@
F A@
F A
1 7
1
O
Æ
1 (
!
Æ
1 (
! -
7
7 7
'
1 ' " *"
65 " @1A 7 @1A 8 #
#
"
+
F:
7
@
F A@
F A
'
:7 F
' "
7 7
@ F A@ F A
*!
"
(
:7 7 F
@ F A
M
7 7
M F M
' ( * '
'
" +
'
@A 7 7
0 +
"
*
'
1 7
M
7
@A 7
M
A A' 1! - 1 %
)* *
@A 7
+ @ F
A **
.7
M
" " 7
"
"
.
7 F
7
F
+ 7
.
. 7
%
M
%
7
.M
*'
%
7
F .M
%
7 F F
.M
%
7 F @.A
.M
# 2
(
'
'
A A 1! -
%
# '!
'
% @A 7 %
Æ @ A
,
"
"
"" "
@ F A 7 @A
'
'
& "
@ F A 7 ( @A
@ A * *
@A 7
@+ I JA F - @+ I JA
+ 7 8@
M
4' !
"
7
'
@A
7 @A
@A F - @A 7
@+A F - @+A
- 7
@+A F - @+A
- F
@+A
- 7
@+A
+
7
%
@A
M
%
+ I @+A -
@+AJ + I @A -
@AJ 7 -
M
%
+ I @+A F -
@+A J 7 -
M
**
" -
+ (
%
+ I @+A F I- F @+AJ @+A J 7 -
M
%
@ @+A F @+A @+AA F - @+A 7 -
M+
@+A F @+A
%
7 - - @+A F
@+A M +
%
7 - @+A - @+A F @+A
M+
(
"!
(
" - '
- F
@+A
- 7
@+A
- F
- @+A -
@+A F @+A
@+A
- 7
-
@+A
%
@+A
- 7 F -
@+A - F
@+A
@+A @+A
M +
-
%
- 7 F -
@+A - @+A F
@+A
@+A M +
@ +A
%
- 7 -
@+A F - @+A F
@+A
M +
#
'
' (
F Æ
Æ
%
7 - @+A -
@+A F @+A
M +
%
- 7 -
@+A F - @+A F
@+A
M +
(
7
- 7 ( -
(
F Æ
'
%
@ ( @+AA 7 @+A
@+A -
(
%
M +
@+A
@+A - 7
@+A
M+
4' '
Æ
%
@ ( @+AA@ ( @+A @+AA
M+
*
%
7 @+A
@+A
@+A
%
M +
( (
@+A F @+A F @+A
M +
%
F
@+A @+A F @+A
M +
%
7
@+A @+A
@+A
( (
%
M+
@+A F @+A F 7
M +
) " (
%
( F (
@+A F @+A 7
M +
%
@!A 7 @+A F
@+A
M +
+ !
(
*
"
@!A
!
" '
$7
7
' "
+
" '
"
**
'
*. +
7 " 7 G 6!
8
% 7
G
"" "
I
'
;
6
8
"
7
% @A 7 % Æ@A %
" 6
2
%
8 U
*
.7
M
7
%
M
%
. @F.A 7
M
%
.7
M
M .
M
%
%
7 7 7
M M
*&
" ' $ " + 6
8
% @A 7 Æ@A
"" " I
+
F
'
F 7 '
+
N 7 @A
M
"+' @"+ "+A 7 '
M
"+ @' A 7 '
M
"+ ' 7 "+
M
"+
' 7
"+ F
!+
3 7 ' 7
!+ F
"" * + 7
7 +
9 "
% @A 7 Æ@A
8 ;
> (
"
"8
Æ
"
8
""
" " C "
"" "
:
> (
'
(
@1AA
@1 A @1 A
1 F@ A@1 A 7
1 1 (
8 @1A 7
1
+
Æ
"8
(
+
'
(
8 ;
@1A
? "
% @A 7 *
% @A 7 % '
%
"
8 ;
>
(
"
"8
Æ
"
8
""
" " C "
"" "
*)
@
6@A 7 @
A 8
'
&
2 ;
""
"
@A
2
"
B
6
J8
8
*
"8 I "
*
8 7
'
"
#
""
@ F A U
D
>
(
'
(
@1AA
@1 A @1 A
1 F@ A@1 A 7
1 1 (
8 @1A 7
1
+
Æ
"8
(
+
'
(
8 ;
@1A
7 ;
6
8
"
7
% @A 7 Æ@A
77
. /
$
' $
,
"
<
, "
<,
' ' "
(
*
+
<
0 (
7 F
" '
6
D 78
F "
M
M
< %
7M
F
# '
6
D 8 " '
<, "
I J 7
'
<
I J 7 M
I J 7
M
;
'
'
6
D 8 <
,
7 F
'
7
/
'
'
'
'
'
7 F M
'
6
D :8
" "
&
"
+
7 @ A
O
" '
'
M
7 @ F A
M
7 " @ A
. 5 Ý
<
0 (
7 F
" '
F "
M
M
< %
7 "
M
M
/
<
, <
( 4
<
; %
(
"
7 F F @ A
M
M M
"
7 F I J
M
M M
M @ A 7 F
M
;
'
0 -
7M
F
.
/ 0 Ý
# '
" '
<, "
+
"
7 F"
M
M
7 "
M
M
" "
I J 7 I J F I J I J F I J
M
M
M
M
" "
7 @I J F I JA 7 I J 7
M M
0
I J 7
0
'
I J 7 M I J 7 M I J 7 M
I J 7 M I J 7 M I J 7 M
. $
" 2&
#
I J 7 M
I J 7
M
I J
I J 7 M
7 M
@ A @ A 7 M
@ A 7 @
M A@ A
(
'
'
M
*
" M
4' I J
I J 7 M
7 M
@ A @ A 7 M @ A
@ A 7 @ F M A@ A
'
*
FM " M
#
! '
" 0( *
* <
7 F
'
'
!
'
*
'
/
' "
'
$ * ! . * <
7
<
'
!! * ! *
7 M
@ F A 7 M
7 M
7 F M
'
'
'
M ,
'
7 M
'
* !
7 F M
-
'
7 F M
> 7
7 @> F AM
"AA 5 * ! ? *
# !
'
*
- * " '
!
' '
Æ
'
7 ,
# Æ
, 7 7
7 @ F I JA 7 @ F A 7F
&
*
7 F
!
&
*
7
(
<, "
#
*
* - * ! ! *
7 @ A
O
.
(
/
-
*
'
%
+
'
'
M
7 @ F A
M
7 " @ A
' '
O . D ? 7A
* O
O . D ? A
* O
O . D ? A
@ F A O
O . D ? 9A
F M O
O . D ? :A
F M O
O . D? ?A
@ 7 A 7
@ F A
M
@ A O
.% !"/ / 2& : +
(
7
" 7 ! * ! %- #
F " 7
M
M
F M
7
7
M
'
+ &
(
"
'
7 ,
#
'
M
7
M
' '
'
.'
"AA 3 % - *
#
M
M
7 F 7 @ F A
M
7 @ F F A 7
#
'
6
8 *
"AA 3 % - *
6
'
8
*
M
7 " 7
"AA 3 % -
@ F AA
M
F F 7 F F F
M
7 F F F F
M
&
7 F F F F
&
M
7 @ F
&
*
F F
F
M F
A
7 @ F A
M
&
"AA# 3 % - *
'
*
M
7 F F F
M
7 F
#
' '
!
M
7 @ F F A
M
7 @ F F F A
M
M
7 @@ F A F A 7 F
#
'
M
7
F 7 F 7
M
"AA' 3 % - *
M
7
M
7 F
!
M
7 @@ F A F A 7
!
6
!
8
"AA % +3
&
7
@ 7 A 7 @ F A
4'
@ F A 7 @ F A
@A 7
#
M
7 " F F
M
7
M "
7
"
7
M
@ A
.) +
7 7
"
7 "
;
M , -
7 " " "
M , -
7 " " "
M
7 " @ " " A
&
M ) )
7 7
M
)
7
M
7
"
&
M
7 "
M
7 " @
Æ
F Æ A
.
E
F
7 <,
@ MA '
M 7
#
NNP
-
M 7
-2
M
7 @ F A
M
7 F F F A
M
M
M
7 7 7
M
7 @ A
"
M
M
7 7
M
N 7
M
N 7
M
NN 7
9
" '
I J 4'
'
*
-
: 7 !
@ 7 A 7 F "
? 7
"
7
7
7
;
@ 7
"
7 F
;
B
)
0 1 $
&
( +
A A 5% - (
; ' 5
, * - - %
!
7 F F
"
7 F
! +
! 7 ! @A @A
"
! 7 !
F
F
"
! ! !
< ,
( % "
- 7 @- A 7 @- A
- % %
! 7 ) !
. 0
" 7 "
" 7 Æ
7
" " 7
" "
&
4
'
"
.
!
! 7
F "
7
"
'
!
"
! 7
F
'
!% - %
-
@A 7
" @A "
" !7
'
"
7 !@A
M
" +
7 "
@A 7
!@A 7
A A C ( !
4' ' '
! ' " "
;
'
%
;
"
Æ
"
"!
'
" %
%
7 ' % - !
<
"" 7
&
" #
"
7
""
+
7
# %
7
""
) 4)
#
%
A A D
(
D
! 7 C ! C 7 ! C C
C C 7
' "
' '
"
+ / 4 &
- '
' ! * -
"
" "
-
* ' ' +
( "
' ' ( "
"
;
<
" 6
" '
8 # '
( "
"
# ' ' ( "
" <
' '
<
# '
"
'
- '
< ' +
'
"
- '
"
' ( " "
&
- "
" "
" '
$ / A; &
0 ' !%
- 9 * - ;
1 ,
( +
@NA 7 @ A 7 C
@N- A 7
@- - A 7 %
'
' +
6% !
8
C 7
% 7 - -
- %
IC % J 7 I - J
,N
+
4' ' ' C F "%
"
"
( *
F "% C F "%
C
C F % F "C % "% C
@NA F @N- A F " IC % J
*
(
#
7
#
@N- A F " IC % J 7
" IC % J
7
@N- A
IC % J IC % J
@NA F
! @N- A @N- A
"
@NA @N- A IC % J 7 IC % J
!
&
- 9 *
"
@NA@N- A I - J
-
I J
"
"
@NA@N- A I - J
;
'
' ! '
" M
@NA@NA I J 7
64
'
+
" %
'
@C F ?%
# % A
(
- '
"
'
' 8
" " / (
>
# '
!
"
#
F F
#
7
#
F
#
7 F
#
"M "M
I J F
#
"
7
M
!% % - 3 %
#
7
M
"
I J F #
'
"
"
7 I J
M
.
'
<
#
"
' '
" "
7 I J 7 7
M
M
+ -
;
" "
M
% @A
7 I J 7 % @A 7
M M
"
'
1A H
&!
% " & >
# ! ! !% - % - #
% !
> (
#
"M
7
#
@A 7
@A
'
#
"
7
@
" / MA
O
+
'
<
-
"
- !
' 2
>
"
-
@A - @A 7
@A -
@A
7 @A
-
@A
'
"
#
+
- @A 7
-
- '
'
2
'
T
0 * -
%%
'
>
#
'
"
- "
- @A 7
-
M M
"
"
7
I - J
7 I - @AJ
M M
-
"
'
<
&'
' !
<, #
I J 7 M
"
7 M 7 "
M
#
@A 7 @A
!
<
%
@A 7 @A
#
"
<
"
@A 7 @A @ A
@A
@ A
@A
@A 7 @A @ A F
@ A
)
A A % +3
&
@ 7 A 7 @ F A
-
>
@ F A 7 @ F A
@A 7
#
M
7 F F F
M
7
F
M
7 F
M
7 @ A
-
<
"
M
@A 7 F
' '
"
'!
&*
* +
7
I J '
7 1 0
7 1
$
I J 7 I1 0 1 J 7 I1 J F 0 I 1 J
M
7 @ F 0 A 7 "M@ 0 A 7 "M
"
" " M
N N I J 7 @"M
A 7
! % @A
6
8 U ' ' "
7 I J
M
"
7
M
"
M
7 7
M
" "
M
7 I % @AJ 7 I % @AJ
M
"
% "M
"
7
I J
I J
7
I J 7 I J 7
I J 7 I
@"A
J7
@"A I
J
O O
7
@"A I J
7 "
@"A
M
O @ AO
"
@"A
M
7 "M
@"A
@ AO
@ AO
7 "M
@"A
7 "M
@AO
9
<
'
6 7 8
&
8
* I J 7
"
"8 ;
7$
<
" 7 F % @A
V<1W '
L
8 *
: 7
<
, @ 7 A 7
@ F A
<
" +
&&
(2 ' 30
8 4
/
#
!
'
'
'
7
I J 7 I J 7 I J 7 I J 7
!
<
"
" '
'
0 -
" '
7 F F % @ A
,
'
! -
% @ A 7 % @ A
0
0
$
+
>
(
@ A 7 @ A
@ F F A 7 @ F F A
'
"
# #
# #
@ A F F 7 @ A F F
# # # #
#
'
M
# #
7 F 7 F
" # #
" "
@ A F @ A 7 @ A F @ A
M M
"
>
(
@ A 7 @ A 7 @ A
#
I J 7
<
-
)
#
* - -
! - *
&)
8 4
#
*
)
#
' '
"
&
*
"
' !
' ;
M
#
I J 7 I J7
" #1
!
"
'
0 9
M
7 F F F % @
A 7 F % @
A 7
F % @
A
*
<
7 F F % @
A
# +
&
" '
# +
F
F
# '
<
' ' '!
'
!
#
# # #
7 F
#
#
#
#
-
' '
F
7
F
F
7
F
)
0 '
M
7
F
F
F
F
M
F
F
F
F % @
A
F
F
7 M F
F
F % @
A
@
F
A
+
!! 3
7 F
3
2 7
F
'
M
M
7
F % @
A
3 2
<
A
M
7
T
2
" '
'
M
7
F % @
A
3
' ' !
5
-
"
&
" '
'
' <
! * -
# +
* /
'
'
- '
' ' "!
@ A 7 @ A
@ A 7 @ A
* % - * C K ! 9
7
)
-
"
"
!
'
$7
(
"
$
-
'
'
'
!
'
L7 (
"
" '
"
'
'
-
'
'
" *
"
7 @ A @ A @ A @ A @ A @ A
6 ' ' ! @ A @ A '
'
'
*
@ A @ A @ A @ A 8
' "
3
-
& ! "
! " "
!
-
! !
" -
" % '
$
" ! : ! *
' $
"
% +
7
;
>
" E"F -
"
(
"
M
7 @ F F A
" '
@ F F A 6
8
!
> 7 @ F F A
&
> +
*>
@ F F A 7
*>
@ F F A 7
;
M
*>
> 7
# >
68 ! 3
' " -
; +
'
;
P U
)
# ' ' !
!
'
"
% @
A 7 % @A F % @1 A F % @0 A
-
'
" " - %
7 F F
@ F F A @A @1 AJ@0 A 7 @A @1 AJ@0 A
I @AJ @1 AJ@0 A F @A @ F A @1 AJ@0 A 7 @A @1 AJ@0 A
@A @ F A @1 AJ@0 A
7 7 :
@A @1 AJ@0 A
(
'
1
0 -
' " ( '
, '
' :
+
(
@A 7 : @A
'
@1 A 7 : @1 A
J@0 A 7 : J@0 A
7 : F : F :
' " '
" '!
' "
1
" '
<
"
3
*
- ! + - " '
7 F F
M
% % 7 @ F F A
, 6
8
1
0
% % @
A 7
; " " !
' "
)
A A 2 * :3 2
- ' + " '
>
' & '$ -
'
'
' >
- ' +
2 *
'
'
> +
'
> 64
* ' "
; 8
M
M
@ F F A 7 * >
! F F !
+
$ '
+
ny
Unoccupied States
rn
Fermi Surface
Occupied States
nx
nz
" '
!
> 7 @ A)
&
'
'
"
'
3
* - - "
$
' %
$ "
(
"
"
)!
# ' 2 *
- 3
M
M
> M
> M
> 7 7 7 7
#
*
M
M
M
>
M
7 !
7 7 7
&
'
'
'
'
"
- !
'
>
>
M
>
> 7
M
>
7
A A *
"
( *
" '
!
#
'
"
4
"
"
#
+
"
7 < 8 7 8 7 %
#
7
M
#%
>
7 %
>
M
7 %
'
>
M
M
7 7
'
'
+
>
$
# '
M
>
M
>
7 7 %
'
'
'
- * %
#
+
)'
'
A2
) !
5
7
A@
5A!
5
7
@! A A2
7 A5 7
' '
"
2 7 > 2*
'
!
7 A@> 2* A %
'
#
'
#
!
: 7 7 A@> 2* A %
#% '
"
; ! -
M
>
7 %
'
#
M
>
7
! A
2* >
" '
> >
" &
M
7 >
' A
2*
' ;
> 7 ' @ !
*
;
" ) G
! -
-
'
; '
"
4'
"
! - "
-
* - - * %
' "
*
'
)*
-
;
" " " "
;
" " 7 ) G -
'
'
* '
;
6'
(
!8 '
'
*
!
#
%
!
'
'
"
"
* 3 - %
#
!
2*
> 7
- " 7 ! -
"
" "!
"" "
" "
& "
(!
2 &
"
;
% 7
"
"
"
0 '
#
&
' "
<
7 F
7 F
F F
1 F F
0
7 F F
"
! !
7 F F F M
% % @ 1 0 A 7 @A @1 A @0 A
'
"
&
;
$
"
"
" '
+
+
+
"
>
F F 7
M
)
+
7
% @ 1 0 A 7 +@ F 1 F 0 A ;
, #
+ P
4
"
6 ' 8
% @
A 7
+
(
" 6'
8 ;
;
-
" +
" '
>
(@> /M A
% @A 7
@ F 1 A ;
'
<
>
(
"
' " +
$
F(
" F
"
9
" "
*
" 0
+
" ;
' '
;
" 6
8
: "
% @A 7 +
8 ;
"8
"
+
?
" "
*
"
+
8 ;
' '
"8 ;
" 6
8
8 ;
; .
> >
" 64 8
@
+
"
'
G
E
F ' ;
(
" 6'
8 #
'
7 G 7
' 7 '
B "
% @A 7 +
D 8 ;
7 "8
"
+
77 -
"
% @A 7
8
+
' "
#
"
P
"8
-
(
"
)&
' 0
6
+
-
" '
'
% @
A 7 % @
A
<
5
" 6
8
'
# !
'
"
-
<
'
'
)
'
<
6
7 9 78
I J 7
#
"
# '
" " " '
(
"
5
' !
-
* "
# '
'
(
"
6
7 9 8 '
I J 7 "M
I J 7 " M
:
"
, - * '
I J 7
* - "
#
'
+
>
(
' " '
6
7 9 8 '
M
@
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
M # #
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
M
+
"
- " )! * ,
#
@
A 7 @
A4 @ !A
))
'
"
"
>
(
'
"
'
#
(
4 @ !A 7 @ F AM
4 @ !A
4 @ !A 7
M
4 @ !A
M # # @ F A
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
/
@ F AM '
!
!
M
'
4 4 7 4 4 F 4 4 F 4 4
6
8
" M
# '
"
% * -
*
; " '
' ' % !
, %
( " + "
M
# #
@ F AM
F @
A F % @
A F @
A 7 @
A
3 #
#
3
#
'
-
$
;
7 !
4 C 6
9 &
#
- *
I J 7 "M
I J 7 "M
:
I J 7
#
'
(
* '
"
'
" (
*
"
' !7
<
%
"
'
'
I J 7
'
I J 7 I J "I J 7 "M
@ " A 7 M
;
I J 7
I J 7 M '
&
6
7 9 :8
4
'
(
7
7 F
4 7 M
@ F A
@
A4
0
"
M
' "
'
7
* 4 7
'
" 4 7
l=0 l=1 l=2 l=3 l=4 m
4
L+ L--
3
L+ L--
2
L+ L--
L+ L+ L--
1
L--
L+ L-- L+ L--
0
-1
L+ L--
L+
-2
L--
-3
L+ L--
Solution to radial equation depends on l.
7 -4
* , <! '
M
'
7 @ F AM
'
4
' '
'
7 @ F A
7 @ A
"
# ' +
'
(
6
8
I J 7 "I J "I J 7 M@ F A 7
M
7 F M
O . 7 : 7A #
@
A 7 @
A@ 4
@ !A
" 4 @ !AAPO
O . 7 : A #
@
A 7 @
A@
@ !A
4
4 @ !AAPO
4 /
* -
4 @ !A7
M
4 @ !A
4 @ !A 7 @ F AM 4 @ !A
' ! ' "
' ( "
#
! '
"
2 '
* ! *
7 " '
4 7 M
@ F A
@
A4
&
! '! 6
7 9 98
M
#
7
" #!
(
# #
7 M
F "
# #!
- +
4 @ !A 7 V@AW@!A 7 V@A
(
M # M
4 @ !A 7 V@A ( 7 "
V@A ( 7
M
4 @ !A
" #! "
+
' '
'
* '
#
#
4 (
7M F " V @A ( 7
# #!
&
(
V@A
F "V@A @" A 7
V@A
7 V@A
V@A 7 ,
!
V
7 ,
7 V
-
< '
'!
- ' '
$
'
'
"
! 7
! 7 .
"" "
'
+
>
(
# ' +
-9 * *
!
6
8 '
!
* 4
4 7 ,
@A (
#
'
"
'
4 7 , 4
#
'
#
0
<!
@ A ! 4 4 7
R 4 4 7
<
*
R 4 4 ¼ ¼ 7 Æ ¼ Ƽ
# '
-
"
4 7
!
4 7 (
&
4 7
!'
(
4 7
'
4 7 (
'
&
4 7 @ A
*
'
"
'
4 7 @A 4
" " 3 !!
$ @ !A 7
,
4 @ !A
4 4 7
7
#
"$!
Æ
! ?* !
'
F
4 @ !A 7 @ A
!
F @
AO
4 7 @A @ A (
! @ F
AO
AA
- 0
-
! !F
'
@
A @
A
- ! ! - * # !
'
4
4 @ !A 4 @ ! F A 7
(
@A 7 4 7 @A 4
(
"
"1 7 @A
4 '
4
@A 4
4
4 @ ! F A 7 @A 4 @ !A
!
"
A#A 5
6 * 1 %
-
'
"
"
(
0
+
"
0
1
'
7 F 1
1
7 1
>
.(
@ 1 0 A 7 @ 1 0 A
(
@ F 1 1 0 A 7 @ F 1 1 0 A
4' '
(
# #
# #
@ 1 0 A F 1 7 @ 1 0 A F 1
# #1 # #1
" &
(
# #
# #
1 7 1
# #1 # #1
# +
'
<
M
# #
1 7
" #1 #
4
'
0
7
M
# #
7 1 7 1
" #1 #
#
+
"
1
'
'
<
I J 7 I J 7 I J 7
5 "
'
<
(
$
'
A#A - * 1 (
I J 7
'
(
'
I J 7
'
'
"
0 %
I J 7 I1 0 0 J 7 1 I 0 J F I0 J
M
7 I1 J 7 "
M
"
&
" '
1
0 '
*
I J 7 "M
:
'
:
'
:
7 :
7 :
7 :
( 7
7 ( $7
$
( *
-
;
7
7
:
'
'
4'
7 F F
I J 7 I J F I J
7 I J F I J F I J F I J
7 "
M @ F A 7
#
*
I J 7
'
*
A#A 5 * D *
# '
" - '
'
" ' " +
# ' '!
'
'
' !
'
; '
7 @
A
# # # # # #
7 M 1 0 F 0 F 1
#0 #1 # #0 #1 #
I
# #
# #
# #
7 M
F F 1 F F 0 F
#0#
#1 # #0 # #1
# # # # #
1 F 10 F 0 F F 1 F 0
##1 #1#0 ##0 # #1 #0
#
!
"
'
!
# # #
@
A 7 M F1 F0
## #1 # #0 #
# # #
7 M F1 F0 F 1 F 10 F 0
#
#
#
#1
#
#0 ##1 #1#0 ##0
F F1 F0
# #1 #0
/
'
F @ A 7
F "M
# ' '
'
> (
7
F @ A "M
M
#
#
7
M
# #
>
(
'
" '
'
M
# #
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
M
A#A# ! ! * 1 (
7
!
1 7
!
0 7
7 F 1 F 0
0
7
F 1 F 0
1
! 7
θ r
# '
+
'
#
"
#
7 ! 7 ( !
" '
"
# #
# # # # ! #
7 F F
# # #
# # # # !
# 0 # 1 #
7 F !
#
# #!
# #
! #
7
! F
!
!
#
#
! #!
# #
! #
7
! F !
#
#
#!
# #
# # # # ! #
7 F F
#1 #1 #
#1 # #1 # !
&
1 # 10 # #
7 F F !
#
# #!
# # #
7
! F
!
F !
#
#
!
#!
# # ! #
7
! F ! F
#
#
#!
# #
# # # # ! #
7 F F
#0 #0 #
0 #
#0 #
0 #
#0 # !
7 F
#
#
7
#
F
#
#
#
# #
7
#
#
/
" '
# #
! # #
7
! F !
# #
#!
#
# # # ! #
7
! F ! F
#1 #
#
#!
# # #
7
#0 #
#
4'
M
#
M #
#
7 1 7
" #1 #
M
#
" #!
#
# # M #
# #
7 " 7
1 0 " 0 7 @1 "A 0 "
"
#
#0
#
#1
#
# #0 " #0 #1 #
7 M
@ "1 A 0 "
#0
( #
#
#
#1
#
7 M
"
#0 # # # #1 # # " ( #
7 M
(
(
F (
#
#
# #" # #
#
#!
7 (
M
(
#
#
#
#
#!
7 M F "
# #!
# '
+
M
#
7
" #!
)
(
# #
7 M
F "
# #!
A#A' (
+
'
4 #
'
' '
P
@ 4 A 7 4 7 @ F AM
@ 4 A
/ '
'
'
@ F A
'
@ 4 A 7 4 7 @ F AM
@ 4 A
,
'
'
'
@ F A
'
' '
@ 4 A 7 4 F I J4
7
M @ 4 A M
4 7 @
AM
@ 4 A
6
'
<,
8
;
" (
'
@ 4 A
4 7 , @
A4
'
0
"
M
7
'
'
*
4 4
4 4
#
7 @ " A@ " A 7 F " "
7 F "I J 7 M
'
( "
@
4 M A4
@ @ F A
AM
@ F A
@
A
# !
'
@ F AM
* #
" %
@ F AM
@ F A
@
A
"
4'
"
'
"
"
'
7
4 7
4 7
'
7
' "
7 F
<
F '
'! *
-9 *
F '
&
#
' !
'
'
'
"
*
4 4 7
'
4
4 7 , @
A4
Æ
, @
A
"
4 4 7 , @
A 4 4
7 , @
A
4 4 7 4 4
7 4 @ M
A4
7 @ @ F A
AM
, @
A 7
@ F A
M
, @7
A 7 M
@ F A
@
A
#
'
&
'
*
4 7 M
@ F A
@
A4
%
A'A +3 / -
#
@ A 7 @ A@
4 @ !A " 4 @ !AAP
*
, -
7 4 " 4 4 " 4
, -
7 4 " 4 M
4 F" M
4
7 7 M
M
A'A +3 / -
#
@ A 7 @ A@ 4
@ !A 4 @ !AA P
#
7 @ F A/
, -
7 4 4 F 4 4
, -
7 4 4 4 4
, -
M
7 4 4 4 4
M
7 @ A 7 M
' +
7
I J
I J 4'
'
4 7 ,4
"
7 F "
'
"
I J 7
I J 7 I F " J 7 I J F "I J 7 "M
@ " A 7
M @ F " A 7 M
#
4' '
4
I J4 7 4 4 7
@ 4 A 7 @ F AM
@ 4 A
4 '
I J4 7 4 4 7 M
4
@ 4 A
M
@ 4 A 7
M @ 4 A
@ 4 A 7 @
F AM
@ 4 A
#
6
* 8 '
'
@ F AM 7
M
* - '
M
4
@ F AM 7 M 7 # '
"
4
7 " "
F
@4 F -4 F ,4 A7
M
@4 F -4 F -4 F ,4 A 7
@-4 F @ F , A4 F -4 A7
!
" *
-7
7 ,
@4 4 A
7 - 7 , 7 % *
*" 7
#
6
* 8 '
'
@ F AM
M
7
* - '
M
4
9
I J
I J
: %
4 7 M @ F A
@
F A4
? 7 7 ! '
( FM
7 M ' ! ' 7 7
7 @ A@4 % F F4 % F 4 % A
;
Æ F *
@
' A I J I J I
J
B
<
I J 7
D -
A
@A 7 , @"4 4 F 4 A @
A
'
@
A " '
*
@
A@
A
7
8 ;
'
*
'
"8 -
'
"
'
"$
"
8 ;
*
"
7 ' 6&
8 2
2 "
"
"
'
" "
7 Q 6# '
7 8
8 #
P
"8
@
A
' '
+
8
"
" 7 ) G
'
+
ÆN
4 () 5
6 - >
"
(
M # # @ F A
F @
A F % @
A @
A 7 @
A
3
#
#
- " + "
M
# # @ F A
F @ A F % @ A @ A 7 @ A
3 # #
! *
'
M
# #
@ F AM
F @
A F % @
A F @
A 7 @
A
3 #
#
3
$
!
1" & >
!9 ! % - %- *
M
# #
@ F AM
F @
A F % @
A F @
A 7 @
A
3 #
#
3
;
(
"
# #
@ F A
F @
A @
A 7
#
#
' "
" '
@
A 7
)
<
'
,N "
(
'
#8@8 A
) F 8
)
$ @ F A
) 7
8@8 A F 8 7 @ F A
8@8 F A 7 @ F A
'
(
8 7
8 7
+
8 7
' "
6* 8
8 7
*
"
6* 8
+ 1
3
>
# ' '
5 7 +
'
% "
" * % '
+ "
5 7 +
".
- *
(
5
@5A 7 @5A
5 5 5
: - ;
/
'
"
5
@5A
' @ F A
*
(
5
@5A 7 @
5 A
5 5 5
'
H - ;
4
'
"
' @ F A
@5A
5
'
" '
5
@5A 7
5
5 5
@5A 7
5 5
5 5
5
@5A 7
5 5 5
5
@5A 7
5
5
5
@5A 7
5 5
5
5 5
@5A 7 F
5 5 5
*
/
4
4
"
/
4
7
"
7
0 & -
5 " 5 "
@5A 7 @5A F " @5A 7 @5A
5 5 5 5
@5A 7 @5A " @5A 7 @5A
0 & - - 7
'
+
* % * - !
' <
!
+
'
" '
@5A 7
"5
"
@5A 7 F
5 5
" "
@5A 7 F
5 5 5
#
- *
@5 A
/
4
5
@5A
5
5
@5A
5
*
/
'
/
'
'
* !
@5A
"+
-
C '
( "" ' "
( C
+ >
& 3
'
+
-
/
,
'
*
"
'
*
@+A 7
+
"
#
+
*
/
" " '
' + 7
'
"
7 7 7
79 ? B D 9
7 9 9D @ @
77 : @ D 7
? DD 7 9
9 B 7B
: D
#
"
* ! ! 3
% 1 +
+
! >
#
' '
+
*
*
'
%
V(r)
Spherical Potential Well (Bound States)
a
r
E
-V0
#
/
@
A 7 @+
A
3@ F % A
+7
M
#
<
!
+
5 7 +
".
3
.7
M
7 - @".
A
" '
"
;
'
I @5AJ
7 - I @5AJ
+
@5A @5A
+ 7 - @".A
5
5
#
' (
+ 7 @".A
@5A @5A
* !% %
,
7 ' " Æ
"
; 7
"
+ 7 @".A
" 5 '
+ @+A 7 ". "
+ ".
+ @+A 7 .
+ @+A 7 .
! , ! - !! ! 9
7
3@ F % A
F
M
%
"
'
"
&
f
E
if
-V0 -V0+π2h2/8ma2 0
' !"
/ + >
# ! (! ! * - #
% 7
' " '
- * % * 0 ! " /
7
! 7
! @ F A" @+
A4
.
@ A %
'
"
;
/
"
@5A
"+
' "
! @ F A" 4
"+
'
'
C (
C
* %
- * * * %
@
A
Æ
"+
@+
/ F Æ @+ AA Æ
7
+
Æ @+A
-
'
#
!
9 L
R
R
L
)
.. ..
9 .. @
F A Æ
@Æ A @ A.
.
R
7
+ .
.
" "
"
- '
+ 7
"
4
3
2
1
eikz V 0
1
2
3
4
only small l waves get near the
,
' '
" & "
) + / + ! >
;
"
* #
/
7 @+
A
3@ F % A
+
7
M
; '
"
7 - @+
A F , @+
A
3
+7
M
V(r)
Scattering from a Spherical Well
E
a r
-V0
)
'
-
F,
+
7+
@5A - @5A F , @5A
¼
5
@5
A
5
@5
A
5
'
5
F Æ @+ A
@
A
5
7 Æ
@5 A F
Æ @5 A
5
'
! -
-
,
Æ 7
-
#
"
; 7 '
@+
A - @+A F ,
@+A
+
7+
@+
A -
@+A , @+A
+
@+
A @-
@+A , @+AA 7 - @+A F ,
@+A
+
+
+
@+ A
@+A @+A - 7
@+A F @+ A @+A ,
+ +
#
'
, + @+A
@+
A +
@+
A
@+A
Æ 7 7
- +
@+A
@+
A F +
@+
A @+A
#
%
7
&
9
@Æ A
R +
'
* '
+
7 @+A @+
A
+
+ @+ A 7 + @+A
' "
' ! ! &
log σ
diffractive scattering
* 6 - / >
-
@ A 7 @ A
( " # '
(
@ A
F 7 F
7 F F 7
@ A
@ A 3 @ F AM
F % @ A 7
M
3
@ A 3 @ F AM
F % @ A @ A 7
M
3
' ! % !
(
$
"
#
@A 7
!
*"
;
% ' +
+ 7
5 7 +
(
"
@
A 3
@ F AM
F % @
A 7
M
3
@
A @ F A
F + @
A @
A 7
@5A @ F A
@5A F @5A 7
5 5
; 7
5
5
"
@5A '
"
!
'
'!
. +
7
"
(
" 7 7
"
' % @
A 7 %
*
% @
A 7 '
# '
6
!
'
8
'
U
+
/
4'
"
7
(
'
' (
*
"
(
'
' % @
A 7
%
* 6
' % @
A 7 8
8 # '
67 7 8
>
(
' '
' "
7
" '
"8 # '
>
(
' '
"
'
8 # '
"
" +
'
@
A 7
@
A
8 ;
(
'
'
"
(
" 7 7
"
' % @
A 7 %
*
% @
A 7 '
# '
6
!
'
8
'
U
+
/
4'
"
7
(
'
' (
*
"
(
9
+
;
' '
7 # '
6"
8
(
7
:
# / '
<
"
"
% @
A 7
#
*
6 '
"
6
% @
A 7
"
' "
'
@
A 7 4 @ !A
#
! %- +
&
(
(
"
3
6 @ F AM
F @
A F F @
A 7
M
3
'
3
*
37
F
*
&
(
" 6
7: 78
, !
% (
# +
* 9 *
7 6 ( 3
! %-
@5A 7 5
5
'
Æ
"
+F F
7
@+ F A@+ F F A
&3
57
M
,
7
+
7
!
(
"
(
" 7
7 F F
(
" "
7
' "
" "
<
! !*
% 6 !"/ +
+
: !
M
7
(
'
'
6
7: 8 <
+
'
@
A
6
7 ,
6 6
7 ,
6
6
7 ,
6 6
7 ,
'
6 6
6
! ,
7
6 6
@6
A
*
7 F ,
; ( "
' "
% ,
'
" <! " '
7
O . 7: 9 A
<
@! F " F AO
" '
"" "
<
'
'
" '
'
'
'
77 + '
*
- * <
O
7
O . 7: 9 A #
PO
O . 7: 9 A #
PO
O . 7: 9 9A #
&
PO
% 2 +
+
'
" '
<
<
7
7
7
7 E F 7 EF 7 EF
7 EF ;
'
" '
+ <
7
6
&
8 7 -
'
"
5 " * '
7 '
"
D
'
&
'
-
&
<
'
"
$
" '
+ "
" '
)
'
"
' '
% "
'AA - 0
!* 5 ! +,
&
(
' '
3
6 @ F AM
F @
A F F @
A 7
M
3
; '
! % 5
&3
57
M
&
(
@ F A
F F 7
5 5 5 5 5 !
'
6
3
3
7 7 6(
M
4 ' !
(
*
7
5 !
" " 7 '
@5A 7 A@5A
#
!
"
@ F A
F 7
5 5 5 5
7 5) '
8@8 A F 8 @ F A 7
5 5 5
8 8 F 8 7 @ F A
8@8 F A 7 @ F A
8 7 8 7
'
*" # A
A@5A 7 5
5
7 5
&
(
A@5A
A
A @ F A
F A@5A 7
5 5 5 5 5
#
&
(
@+ F
A@+ F A5
@+ F A5
F @+ F A5
F@ A5
@ F A5
7
A F @+ F A @ F AA 5
@@+ F A@+ F
7
@@+ F A @ AA 5
4' ' -
5
7
@@+ F F A@+ F A F @+ F F A @ F AA 5 @@+ F A @ AA 5
Æ - - 5 < '
+F F
7
@+ F F A@+ F A F @+ F F A @ F A
+F F +F F
7 7
+ @+ F F A F @+ F F A + @+ F F A F @+ F F A
+F F
7
@+ F A@+ F F A +
'
A@5A
5
'
#
+ 7
7 F F
"
A ' " # '
(
"
'
'
*
* %
3
6( 7
7 6 ( 3
@5A 7 5
5
+F F
7
@+ F A@+ F F A
# ' 5 "
&3
!3 6 (
3 6( 6
57 7 7 7
M
M
M
'AA * 5 ! $ %-
'
"
@5A 7 5
5
'
6
57
Æ
+F F
7
@+ F A@+ F F A
+ 7
0 '
@
A 7 5
5
@
A 7 , ,
#
,
*
7
,
,
7
"
" '
,
,
7
6
, 7
6
6
, 7
6
, 7
6
@
A 7 ,
" ' 4
0
@
A 7 5
5
@
A 7 @ F 5A
+F F
7
@+ F A@+ F F A
FF
7 7
@ F A@ F @A F A
6
@
A 7 , ,
# *
%
'A#A +3 / 0
!*
7! -
" "
'
A ;
.
@! F " F
;
!
*
!F F "F *
7 7
* *
'
7 ( 3
* F ) F F
7 ( 3 7 ( 3 7 ( 3
* *
' % ( ""
@ F AM
*@A F )@ A F @ A F @ A
7M
7 M
* )
.
M
*@A F )@A F @A F @A
7M
7 M
* *
"
#
' 7 @ A/ "
7 ! F " F ! F " F
"
7 ! F " F "@ A F
"
!
M
7 ! F " F " F " F
"
M
7 ! F " F " F " F
"
M
@* F A" M @ ' AM
7 @ " " F " F "A 7 7
" " *
'A#A +3 - @ !
6
7 ,
7
4 4 R
6 6
,
7
7 !
7 ! O
6
6
7
#
6 6 (
7 7 6 7 6 (
7
M
'A#A +3 / - @ !
6
7
7 !
,
7 O 7
!6
'A#A# +3 / - @ !
; 7
'
!
'
#
+
(
M
@ A 7
F
'
M
6
6 6
7 !
M
6 6
6
7
!
M
6
6
6
7
'
7 2
@ A 7 6(
; 6 7
5) (
E7(7
#
!
M 6
H 7
7 7 6 (
7
'
'
G
%% +
7 < 9 @ 7 ! 7 A
' "
;
"
" " I ' G
7 ! '
7 65
7 ' "
"
" ( 8
*
7 %
"
& " '
/ 7 *
!
;
7 +
7
* 7 & G
;
7 +
7 * 7 *
G
;
7 +
7
* 7 G
7
64
8
;
&
'
" '
0
!*
6
<
'
8 I
'
*
9
7! -
" "
'
F F A ;
. 4'
@!
+
: #
6 * 8
!* *
* @ !A
?
3 ! % -
<
@ # '
'
@A
B <
!K @ 7 ! 7 7 A
' "
;
"
" " I
'
%
D <
A
@A 7 @ F " F " ! A
;
<
7 , ;
;
7 <
K @ 7 7 7 A
' "
;
"
" " I
'
%
77
"
"
"
:7 ) GS - " !
$!
"
"
7? ) GS
8 #
6
G8
"8 #
E/
5 F
7
A @A 7 @ F F " F A ;
"
""
;
7 ;
&
(
" '
<
6
<
'
8
79
7
"
"
'
" "
+
" -
&
6 7 7 7 8
"" +
' '
KJ
7: 7
@ 7 A 7
@ A
@A 7 @
A 7
@
A
7
"
'
4
% 7
7 @
A
@
A
* "
7 F
F
7
F
M
4' ' '
'
7
7
7 ! F F
!
M
7 !
F
F
&
F
F
M
7 ! F ! F
&
F * F !
M
*
7 F F ' F F !
& ! M
*! '*
7 F F ' F F
& M
'
7 F
! & M
&
%
/$
5
#
"
"
"
$
6
7 8 -
% !
% @
A 7 3
, (
3
@ F AM
F @ A F % @ A @ A 7
M
3
3 @ F A 3
F
F 7
M
M
#
(
"
1 7
5
M
5 7
3
7 51
1
7 7
1 5 1
7
5 1
(
'
@ F A 3
F 5 1 F 7
5 1 5 1 1 5 5 1 M
@ F A
F 1 F 7
1 1 1 1 M
4' +
"
1
1 7
1
+
"
1
@ F A
F 7
1 1 1 1
1)
8@8 A1
) F 81 ) 7 @ F A1 )
8@8 F A 7 @ F A
1
)
.
"
'
(
71
1
7
1
# 2
7
I@
F + A1
1
J
1
7
I@
F + A@ F + A1
@ F + A1
1
@ F + F A1
F 1
J
I@
7
F + A@ F + A1
1
@ F + F A1
F 1
J
#
'
(
@ F A
F 1 F 7
1 1 1 1 M
.
'
'
#
#@
F + A@ F + A1
@ F + F A1
F 1
F @ F + A1
1
1
@ F A1
F 1 7
M
1 '
! 1
1 '
! 1
' %"
#I@
F + A@ F + A @ F A F @ F + AJ1
F @ F + F A 1
7
M
#I @
A F + @ F + A @ F A F F + J1
F @ F + F A 1 7
I + @
M
F + F AJ1
F @ F + F A 1
7
M
!
4'
Æ
' 1 " *
" * 1 /
'
+ '
"
+
!
' 1 '
"
"
+ * ; + 7
" "
* ; + 7
@ F A1 '
" *
7
' " * ' '
4' ' '
+
1
+ + F
@+ F A@ F + F A1
F
@ F + F A 1
7
M
@+ F A@ F + F A F
@ F + F A 7
M
@+ F A@ F + F A 7
@ F + F A
M
@ F + F A
7
@+ F A@ F + F A
; +
+
#
'
'
#
+ 7 7 !
" (
@ F F A 7
M
7 F F M
'
0
"!
@ F F A @ F + F A
7
@+ F A@ F + F A
@+ A
7
@+ F A@ F + F A
'
1
+ !
' !
"
+ +
@+ A
7
@+ F A@ F + F / A
1
7
!
7 F F M
"
'
(
"
5 "
F '
& 0
>'
>8)
M 7 7
M 7 76 8
M 7 6 8 776 8 ? ?
M 77 6 8 76? 8 777 7 7
M
7 9 968 76?8 68 7768 7: 7:
"
5 "
@A
@A
- ' ' '
'
% "
!
* $ 0
#
" )
' &
<
6 ' *
8
' '
" ( " '
' '
& @ < #. @Æ
. 9 !C A 66. 6/ ! 6LA
) 4 6
/ &
!"/
# ' +
" 6 @ 78
<
"
. Q
7 Æ
+
- % 6
8
7
'
%A +
3
) )
# !
'
* %- '
) 7 ) 7 )
)
7
- '
(
'
@) A 7 ) 7
)
) 7
( 3
@)A ) ) )
@)A ) ) )
7
@) A ) ) )
' !
! - 6
7 8
@) A 7 ) 7
)
)
7
!
'
@) A @) A @) A
@) A @) A @) A
7
@) A @) A @) A
) ) )
) ) )
) ) )
. % - !
% !
.
O . 7@ 7 7A
< , < ) O
O . 7@ 7 A
O
O . 7@ 7 A
' O
4'
<
% 6
@ 8
@) A 7 ) 7 ) 7 ) 7 )
<
%
6 8 C* A
!
" ' % !
"
# ! '
&
- 7 ! 7 !
7
!
! Æ
!
!
7
7
%
%
#
'
! ! 3
!
! 7 @
!
A
!
"
%
!
"
"
&
"%
) 4 4
>
)
6
7 78 '
'
7 6+ 8 "
#
!!
" -
6+ 8
'
7 " "
4
7 4 F 4 F 4
'
%
Æ
# ' ' % !
7
1 #
!% 6
7@ 77 78
7
7
M
7
M
"
7 M @A
&
I J 7 "M
#
'
3 - A 6
7@ 77 8
" '
" 0 A
(
%
4
A
2
3 %
7 @ A
M
A F
M
7 @
M
7 @ F @ F A F A
) "
4
- * % ! 7 ) "
)
"
+ " "
+
" '
" Æ '! '
"
!'
"
"
7
"
(
'
7
;
" *
!
" * #
(
7
O . 7@ 7 9A . O
"
'
&
*
* % FM
M
*
* * %
7
7
7
7
" '
#
! '
* % * .
"
7
7
'
"
P
4,
"
""
;
"" FM
7
!*
) +
4
3 >
# '
<
'
+
7D
;
' '
" + '
'
*
* .
.)
7
3
-
;
*
37
;
3
: * .
M
3# 7
- '
- "
0
*
0 "
7 3# -
3# -
7
M
*
* %
F3# -
3# -
O . 7@ 7 ?A
7
/$+ O
O . 7@ 7 BA
/ + O
)% +
+ ;:
" "
'
9@
'
37
7 3#
M
'
+
<
7
3
-
-
+
*
6 8
#C #-
< 7 7 3
#0 #0
'
* * ! 7!
'
" '
!
Gradient S
in B-field
N
0
+
*
-
$I
- 6 7 8
'
+
"
"
"
*
( !
"
* 7 " ' "
" 6 (
8
&
S m=1
l=1 m=0
atomic m=-1
beam
N
"
7 - '
$I
'
"
"
7
' "
7
#
! -
9@ '
" "!
'
" '
S N S
N N
)* F /0
S
+ 1
#
"
"
!&
#
*
" ' !
7
S N S
N S N
)* F /0
+ 1
"
"
#
"!
"
) 7 F F
'
' '
L $
%
L
'
"! "
L
$ "
S N S
N S N
)* F /0
+ 1
' " "
%
) 7
'
"! " '
%
)* F /0
+ 1
7 F F F F 7
0 0 7
- ' "!
7 "
' "
"
)* F /0
+ 1
7 F
!)
O . 7@ 7 @A
$I
O
)' 6
/ >
#
0 " #
+
" #
'
!
'
' - - !
A .
'
!
'
'
"%
"% A
#
!% 6
7@ 77 8
"
*$
@ A 7 ! "
7 @ A
"
*$
"
'
@ A 7 ! "
@ A 7 ! "
"
"
&
5 +
! ,
'
A #
" 6'
8
6
7@ 77 98
"
*$
!
@ A 7
!
6
7@ 77 :8
"
$
@ F @ AA
@ A @ @ AA
@ A 7
@ A
@ A
@ A
@ @ AA
@ A @ F @ AA
$
4
"
"
;
6
*
8 '
'
'
' 4
"
( &
.
<
'
A
O . 7@ 7 :A D
"
* O
'
)) 6 + ;:
>
-
$I
+
7 " '
/$+
*$
0 2
"
$
"! ' "
'
FM # '
'
'
$
'
*$
"
" $ - - = *>
* - 9! M
#
" '
'
! *
)* F /0 )* F K /0
(#
+ 1 + KK 1
#
"
' +
- 7 -
'
% 7 '
" 4' ' = !> -
'
0
"
"
2 +
'
F " '
!
'
2
* - !
@ F @ AA
@ A @ @ AA
@A 7
@ A
@ A
@ A
@ @ AA
@ A
@ F @ AA
@ F @ AA
7
@ A
@ @ AA
%
" 6" 8 , ! *
= 7 @ F @ AA = 7
@ A = 7 @ @ AA
! !
7
' "
7 Q 7 F
;
!
L "
= 7
)* + ½
¾
. '
'
"
6
7 9 :8
"
!
(!
* .
A # '
'
! '
'
'
.
S
'
"
"
# ! '
F M M # '
FM
$
M
'
7
7
"
"
"
7
F
'
*
F F7
- !% 6
7@ 77 ?8
M
M
"
M
7 7 7
"
'
'
;
"
M
" "
I J 7
" " " "
!
M
M
" M
7 7 7 "M
7 "M
! " " "
68 % -
"
Q '
7
Q
1 . 9 +
'
M
9
M
7
9
"
9 7 9 7 9 7
"
I9 9 J 7 ":
9
9 7
9A
9 9 7 9
9 9 9 7 9 9 9 9 7 9 9
9 9 7 Æ
'
9
0 .
"
"
'
"
9
O . 7@ 7 DA
O
O . 7@ 7 7A
O
O . 7@ 7 77A
O
6 8 .
" ! 6
7@ 77 @8
@ A 7 ' !
!
! "
!
!
!
@A 7 @A 7 @A 7
! "
! !
! !
4
6" ! '
8
*
'
' * !*A
O . 7@ 7 7A
O
" 6 8
* '
6 8
?
3)
7
?
*
* .
" ; $! !
?
"
. " " ? 7 F 2 F ; '
!
?
"
" /
?
8 7
(
" 7 /
7 :
1 * . 3# 7
7
M
?
7 3#
7
3 -
9- 9-
!
- '
0 "
-
7 3# -9
O . 7@ 7 7A
"
+ O
O . 7@ 7 79A 4 )
5
64)5
)5-8 O
"
$
" "
$I
6
7@ :8
'
+
+
'
'
+
' "
$
' "
" ' "
+
'
+
'
'
"
#
$I
'
"!
' " "
" " '
(F2
'
(
%
F
F F 7 @ A 7
#
" ' '
* " -
" '
2 !
'
;
* "
'
" 64
* "
"
" 8 -
" ' ' "!
"
+
+
'
*
"!
' "
' "
(F 2 >
( F 2
% = 1
@? A
& '
" #
" "! 6
'
'
" '
'
" 8
" T
(F 2 >
(F2 >
( F 2
@?
A
4' ' "!
"
'
%
(
'
* ' 7SB
/ "! "
"
>/&
" "
' "
' * #
"
"!
(F 2 ( F 2 ( 2
> > F >
@> A
!
&
4
'
"
6
8 " (
7 >
>
!
7
'
%
%
>
>
7
!
'!
). & + +
>
A"A 1 =1 >
;
0 6G ---
B
D8 !
'
) ;
2
;
'
'
'
4
"
+
"
<
'
4
" '
" '
'
68 !
6
' !
8 # %
' '
&
"
4
<
6
'
8
4; 4; 7 4+ 4+ 7
4; 4+ 7
7
#
%
"
" ' !
"
(
7
@ A 7
7
7
4' +
7
7 @ A
FF @ AF
7
F @ AF
F 7 "
'
@ A
7
F F @ AF
7
7 F
''
"
;
"
+
!
<
&
!
+
;
;
&
. +
)
A"A
H ;
N
H
HM
'
!
.
6 8
" "
6
%
8
"
'
)
A A 0 ( 0 1 3
# '
+
<
7
"
# !
'
7
" 7 Æ 7 F M
Æ
N
!
7M
A A 0 ( 5 * (
# '
+
7
#
6
D8 (
7 F
4'
7 " 7 F Æ
'*
4'
N
!
&
'
'
%
5 "
<
, '
; J
' %
+ ' ; J7 %J '
'
+
' "
7
!
A A 0 ( ? * (
# '
+
7
'
'
6
D8 (
7
4' '
+
7 " 7 Æ
7
!
"
<
%
A A# +* % -
# ' ' 2 ! '
M
7
7
F
F
F 7
F
'
7
F
F @F A @F A 7
F@F A 7
'
(
A F 7 F 7 F
F 7 7 7 FM
7 M
' 7 ;
'
"!
+
"
(
7 F
F 7 F
*
A
7
7
7
#
*
; A
7
7 7
7
U !
' '
A A' " !* < 3A
- ' " D "
*
"
' $
' '
'
FM
'
'
0
!
@ A 7
!
"
@ 7 )A 7
"
/
7
"
7 7
"
'&
4' '
! '
' #
P # +
"
"
7 M
M
F 7 M F
"
4
7 F
4
F 7 '
*
7,
4*
'
7
D
"
*
A A + *
+* - 7
:97!
5
<
/$+
3# -
7
M
' +
6
8
"
$
>
(
7 #
<
"
6 8
3# -
7 7 &8 @ A
M
4'
7
M
3# -
7 @
M
A 7 @
3# - A
M
<
*
" %
6
8 '
')
7 7 7
%
7
3# - !
7 F3# - 7 7 3#-
A A - 9@
4'
'
! - 9@ '
! " '
'
'
"
+
*
)* F /0 )* F /0 )* F /0
(# @= A
+ 1 @= A + 1 @= A + 1 @= A
6-
* - % = . . .
! M #
* "
7S
'
"
7
'
2 !
'
4' 7
7
"
'
7
7
= 7 =
#
2 !
'
'
&
"
'
&
" '
'
7
"!
7
'
'
'
'
= 7 =
"
7
"
'
"!
= 7
'
+
*
6
"
8
)* F /0 )* F /0 )* F /0
(# @= A
+ 1 @= A + 1 @= A + 1 @= A
*
6-
* - % = . . .
! M
4' '
)
"
+ '
"
= 7 =
7
"
"
#
"
"
" ' "!
'
= 7 =
#
'
""
'
!
6
8 0
""
7
7
""
= 7 = 7 =
!
"!
*
"!
7
7
5 "
%
"
&
6
* 8
""
%
"" "
7
"
"" "
7 "
7 F
7
!
= 7 = 7 =
! *
4' '
'
"!
)* F /0 )* F /0 )* F /0
(# @= A
+ 1 @= A + 1 @= A + 1 @= A
"
"
"
'
= 7 = 4' '
*
" "
"!
= 7
:
% * & * .
! ! = * <'
P
#
'
' "
P
A A % - 7
:97! / 6
# '
'
7 '
6
? 98
'
/ + -
'
( FM '
P #
P
# '
*
/ +
*
' !
'
"
'
' '
'
!
'
7
@ 7 A 7
/ ' ! '
'
'
'
#
@A 7
7
#
2 '
'
FM
7
@ 7 A 7
@A 7
7
M
@A @A 7
M
#
#
#
#
@A @A 7 F F F
M
3# - 3# -
7 @! @ AA 7 M @ A
! M
M
4
'
'
' 7
'
"
* - '
! ' '
+
*
A A" +3 - @
(
0 7
(
" "
7
M
(
7 @ ( ( A
M
( M(
7 @ ( ( A 7 @ ( ( F ( ( A
(
A A +* % - -
;
(!
&
" '
* ' !
'
"
'
7
FF F
7
F
7
F
7
7
#
'
*
( ! "
'
" (
"
5
+
A
7 (
@ (A 7
;
'
7(
(
7
(
*
; * *
" *
E
( F '
' " ( (
(A
(
(
7 @ (A@ (A 7
( @ F A( F @ A 7
'
@ F A @ F A
( 7 @ A
!
+
' 6
8
"
(
(
7
(
4' +
7 7
(
@ (A 7 "
M
(
7
(
( M
/
7
M
/ (
(
( 7
M
M
( 7 (7
!
'
6' !
'
8 4' "
( "!
(
' "
( M/
M
/ M/
M
7 7 7
M/ ( M
/ M/
( +
7 6% '
'
(
8
<
*
( 7 FM/
7
' +
( 7 M/
7
*!
A A +* % - -
+
' '
' 6
8
A
7 #
(
@ (A 7
(
(
"
"!
(
9
(
"
< ' T
7
(
"
" ( "/ M
7
"M
/ (
(
( 7
M
M
( 7 (7
!
'
6
T8
( "!
(
'
"
( "/
M
M
"
7 7
"M
/ ( "
#
(
" 7 " 7
'
"
(
7 " 5
( ' +
7 " <
'
*
( 7 FM
/ 7
"
( 7 /M 7
"
A A +* % -
!
"
0
" '
0
Q 7 @ @ A
@ AA 7 @ A #
7 Q
F 7
M
7
!
*'
#
"
;
(
F 7 F
F F 7 F
F
;
'
7 F
7 ;
7
'
7 F
,
" "
"
'
"
# !
'
0 ' #
! " '
'
"
1
!
"
'
$?
0
!
!
7
! !
@ A
@ A
7
@ *A 7
@ A @ A
7
7
7
7
' /
'
; "
"
A A % - : 7!
'
"
@ 7 A 7 F
'
* "
+
68
*
'
6"8
'
/
'
'
3# -
3# - # !
'
'
( 6
>
(
'
' @A 7
8 ' '
**
#
@A 7 7
F #
F
'
7
#
2 '
'
@A 7
#
@A 7
M
@A @A 7
M
7
7 M
M
7 F @ 3# -/M
A
+ / ? 7
'
7
A A # H 1 * 5 =H15 ! 156>
H 1 * 5
6
8 1 *
5 6 * *
6
" 8
- " 4)5 / +
'
'
' # '
' 65; 8
"!
'
2 '
/ +
.) '
*
m=-1/2 Ε=µΒ
As excited state
decays back to
Pulse of oscillating ground state,
B field excites spin EM radiation is
state if hν=2µΒ emittted
m=+1/2 Ε=−µΒ
'
<
7
3 7 ?
- 7 ? M
-
7 ? 3*
9-
9-
!
4
" L: ?
@D 3*
6H 1 * 8 &
'
&
'! '
0 2
/ + "
*
*
.) '
/ +
.) '
6
8 (
? ?
- -
7 3* - 9 F - @ A9 7 3*
- -
4' '
> (
"M
7
X ?
-
-
"M
X 7 3*
FX ? 3*
-
-
-
-
F
7 "
FX
M -
-
F
7 "
F
6
7@ 77 B8
(
"
"
@F A 7 @ F A
' *
+
'
+
4
(
.) + 7 M " (
&
" '
'
N 7 M
" + '
*&
+ ' ' +
"
'
$
'
( .)
'
& " '
'
'
- 4)5 ' "
"!
'
.)
( '
6
"
8 # 2 ! ' '
'
'
' '
( *
+ / '
'
' ( '
7 M
4)5 '
"
+
/ +
(
'
# "
+ % 4)5 '
- )5- ' !
# -
(
'
- ' 6
T8
/ +
' ' - ' /
' #
)5- ' '
"
( )5- '
"
+ !
' 6
!8 "
) "
A A 7 * 1 (
# ' +
4
7
M
Ƽ
7 M
7
@ F A
@
AM
Ƽ
7 M
7 M
7
@ F A 7
M
*)
7
"
@ A 7
M
"
#
7 P
:
7
3
A A I J D * 1
M
I J 7
"
M
"
7
M
"
7 "MM 7 "M
' "
-
!
A A % +3 - 5 (
'
'
'
$
- ' !
+
6
!8 "
*$ '
7 !1
1 7 1 F !
# $
#$ #$ "
$ @ 1 A 7 $ @ 1 A !1 F ! 7 @ F ! A$ @ 1 A
# #1 M
"
@!A 7 @ F ! A
M
+
" "
+
0
7 !
"
@ A 7
@ F A 7 ! "
M
!
'
#
"
(
; '
7@A " 7 A 7@A 7 7@A F @ A 7 @ A
" " "
7@ F A 7 @ A 7
M
M
M
'
A A# 7 5 ( @ A
!"
7
!"
O
7
M
7
M
7
M
7 7 /M
M
'
*
'
M
#
' !
- ' !
' 7 !!
% !
"
7
'
!
# !!
% !
* !
@ A 7
!
A A' 7 5 ( @ A
!"
!"
7
O
7
M
M
7
"
7
M
7 M
7
M "
'
*
'
M
#
' !
7
" 7
"
7 '
@A
7 ! * 6'
$7
8
@A
7
" 7
'
!"
7 F
@A F @ @A A
'
@ F @ AA
@ A @ @ AA
@ A 7
@ A
@ A
@ A
@ @ AA
@ A @ F @ AA
A A % (
# '
"
7
7
M
7
M
7
-
'! - "
"
4' '
'
7
7 8@8 F A
@
F AM
7
M
7 M
7
7
8@8 FA
@
AM
7 M
7 M
#
'
M
7 @ F A 7
M
"
7 @ A 7
" "
<
A A % 5 1
- 7@ 77 '
"
' '
7 7 @
!
@A
7 @
@A
7 @
!
@A
@
7 9
O
#
'
" !
"
9
9 7 9 7
"
9 7 9 7
"
9 7 9 7
@
A
@A 7 @
7
!
@ A 7
@ A @ A
!
7 !
!
! " !
@A 7 "
% % ===
@ A
@ A
% % ===
! !
! !
%%=== %%===
@ @
7 !
A
A
% % === ! ! "
!
@A 7 @
A
% % === @
A "
!
!
! !
%%=== %%===
4
"
@
?
A A H15 5 ( * : 2!
#
>
(
+
*
+
"M
7
X ?
- -
"M
X 7 3*
FX ? 3*
-
-
-
-
F
7 " 7 "
FX M - - F F
'
> ( 4' '
' (
"
" ' ' 7 '
.) '
7 7 F 7
'
'
X 7 "
7
FX 7 " F " F 7 " F " F
"
FX 7 @ F A F " F
4'
!
<
" ' '
!
FX
'
"
2
F
"
@F A 7 @ F A F " F " F
"
7 @ F A
' *
F '
+
'
'
'
(
4
(
.)
+ 7 M " (
&
" '
'
N 7 M
"
@F A 7
"
F 7
!
-
'
'
"" ' ' !
'
6
"8 ' '
""
'
# '
"
-
'
.) +
'
.) '
(
&
" '
'
'
/ +
) 2 #
7
7
7
#
""
!
P
'
F
7
+ -
0
'
'
+ (! '
'
1
#
""
' "
P
#
F P
(
"
'
#
""
" (
P
9
<
"
& ! *
!
7M !
* ! &
#
$
P 6
2 8
: #
F
7 P
?
7 "
"
$
"
@
'
#
+
'
8 7 F
"8 7
7 F
7 F
'
$ "
1
"
$
B '
7
$I
'
*$
,
7
'
"
$
$
*$ "
"
"
" '
;
"
D ;
'
(
( 7 ( (
" +
Æ
( '
)!
(
*
( ( 7 (
'
&
(
( #
"
P
'
7 ;
'
7
#
' '
77 0 2 +
"
$*
" '
*
I
*
"
=
'
$I
'
P
(F2 (F2
= Y
(F2 (F 2
= Y
(F2 (F 2
(F 2
= Y
(F2
(F2
(F 2
= Y
(F2
(F 2
(F 2
= Y
) +
7 #
'
<
%
@ A @ A
!
!
7 @ A!
I
A 8 .
"8 #
: " :
7
'
0 " A 7
F " #
"
""
* P #
""
1
FMP
9 -
7 7 7
7 7
7 (
#
P 7
#
@AP
: ;
6
* 8
68 8 7
6 8 "
?
+
<
7 3 # -9
;
68
" - @ 7 A 7 +
@A
@
'
" A 7
F"
#
""
F P
*
"
B
7 6
" 8 #
""
P #
""
P
D "% '
J
+ : J @ - A '
!
<
7 3# -9 ;
""
7
7 '
< *
'
7 7
7 7
#
*
<
P #
P
77 #
F P
7
"%
'
J
+ : J @ - A '
!
<
7 3# -9 ;
""
7
7
7
'
6
" 8A
7
"
' F"
#
""
P #
""
$
MP
79
"%
'
J
+ : J @ - A '
!
<
7 3# -9 ;
""
7
7:
7
+
<
"
7( F
;
7? 6
8
'
7
+ - J @ - A '
!
<
7 3# -9 ;
;
"" 7 F
- /"
* 2&4!&6D
7
" "
!
'
-
G
) ! G :B
!2
"
! G
'
"
D
#
!
P
(
&
@ ' A 7
1
3
' "! " @ ' A
'
$
9 #
/ '
'
P
!
7 G
) G
7 "
'
7 S
:
$ @AÆ @ A 7 $ @ A ;
'
!@A @A 7 Æ@ A
?
I
' ! +
*
' ! " '
7
7
* 7
4' +
7 '
* 7
@
'
<
7 F +
B .
!
+
"
: ;
.
!
+
&
* 2 #
7
'
#
@A @A 7 ! @A "M
!@A
#
5 "
'
*
+
5)
@A 7
"
N 7 @ A
"
N
'
N
9
I J
:
@A '
@A 7 @A
'
7
!
?
+ "
#
P 4'
'
"
'
' "
K #
""
"
' "P #
""
"
+
' "P U +
!
'
@@ - AA
@@ F - AA
@A
@-A 7
@ - A @ F - A
@
"
0
'
"
"" +
" '
F -
P
B
" '
' 7
7
@ A 7
* *
@ A 7 '
#
" # @ A
#
7
!@A # " 6
'
8 !@A @ AP
D
'
@A 7
F -
#
"" C
@AP
7
+
" @A 7 @A
+
"
)
* 2 #
7
" "
* "
6"8
% @A '
* "
(
% @A 7
' $
(
F - *
@A 7
,
F K
5
E
F '
E
F ' "
(
,
7
- K
'
F 7
F 7
F
7
'
(% *
% @ A 7
'
"
+
"
' " "
*
'
"
$ D ) G
D9 ) G ;
) G 6
(
8
9 ;
'
' $
:
"
"
( % *
% @A 7
.
&
* 2 #
7
7
'
'
" +
%
@+A
@!A 7 @+A F
M
+
7
+
'
"
% 7 G
" '
:
-
7 ( '
'
"
'
( '
/
!
*
'
<'
" "
% P
7
<
, @ 7 A 7 @ F A
-
* P
"
9
'*
( ! ! ! 6
F ,! F ,!
,
:
$
7
;
<
<
? ;
*
@A
7
@ "
"
% @A 7 Æ@ F A Æ@ A
8 ;
>
(
"
"8
Æ
"
8
""
" " C "
"" "
&
*% 2 # %
7 7 7
"
7 F "
' '
;
.
E
F
7 <,
@ MA '
M 7
#
NNP 4'
+ #
NN
P
C C 7 C C 7
C C ! 7 !
'
C
'
C
9
'
:
? "
4'
Ý
@ - @ A
'
@ A 7
& &
Ý
" '
'
" & Ý
B 7
<
, @ 7 A 7 @ F A
>
4'
<
"
&
*' 2 # '
7
" '
( "
" 7 2 #
6 G8
7 7
P #
&
" '
'
P
' <
' $ " # '
' '
"
'
'
' /
'
9 7
< , @ 7 A 7
@ F A
:
; '
?
" & ' " #
; P
@
; '
7 > F 6 >
"
6
" 0 B 7?
.
;
B
%
I J
I J
I J I J
&
*) 2 # )
7
7 @
A 4 F" 4
4 ;
7 @
A 4 F " 4 -
'
"
'
""
P
4 4
4 4
9
<
'
7 " 6" F "6 '
=
"" $!
= =
:
7 7 " 7
? #
1 0
@
' $ @ 1 0 A 7 , @1 F 10 F
0A 2 #
"
""
P -
*M '
" '
"" P
B
" '
7
" $ 7B
) G
' '
% * & ;
* ;
%
(
&!
** 2 # *
7
7
' "
7
% 7
*
% 7
#
+
P
'
¦ C
C
' $
, 4 @ !A
9
&
'
7
<
'
7
:
" <
'
'
6" 8
<
""
?
7 ! F F #
"
"
'
""
P #
P #
P #
P
@ #
@ A
"" "
<
P U
+
/
B
&
(
7 F
"
( ' <
'
'
@
!A
'
U '
4 " '
'
4
"
'
9 '
7 '
'
% %
&'
*. 2 # .
7
<
% @
A 7
@
A 7 , 2 ;
,
*
#
""
"
<
P
;
'
'
F
7
+ -
0
'
'
+ (! '
'
1
#
""
' "
P
9
#
F P
(
"
'
#
""
" (
P
: 0 2 +
"
$*
" '
*
I
*
"
=
'
$I
'
P
(F2 (F2
= Y
(F2 (F 2
= Y
(F2 (F 2
(F 2
= Y
(F2
(F2
(F 2
= Y
(F2
(F 2
(F 2
= Y
&*
. (
(
'
1
-
' '
+ # '
<
+
"
' "
(
# '
'
'
'
(
.)
6'
8
@ < .
9
!C A 9
6 . K 66 ! 666 A
. 6" /
-
/
4
:+ $
1 38 +, I
- 7
F #-
7
#
7 !5
F
# !
- 7 ;
#
? < 2
7
< F
@ A
-
- '
+ .
- 7
!
#
7
#
+ ' )' (
+
' (
'
% ,
#
! @
A 7 !5
#
#
#! !
F
F
F 7 ;
# #
' ' '
<
)' (
* * -
$ @
A
#$ @
A
! !F
#
&
4
'
' (
*
+
'
'
' "
(
#
(
;
"
* *.
7
;
? < * *.
F ( 7
" ' (
" '
;
0 - * 7! "
7 F
!
'
%
# !
'
+
'
+ !
.$+
/$+
-
+
<
'
!% 6
7D : 78
0
* ;
. 8 2 5 1;<
# ' ( *
<
7 F
!
' "
"
+
4
'
'
+
%
2
<
'
"
%
"
7
0
* 6
7D : 78
6
7D : 8
M
F
- F
- A 7 @ F !A
@
-
&
!
+
"
. + "
# '
+
6
7D : 8
*
' / +
'
*"
+
+ 6'
" =#
"
8
"
"
+ !
!
6 " '8
'
7@ 9
# 7
- 7
3
-
'
3 7
&
*
2 "
-
B
'
&&
'
+ 4
'
"
' "
B "
< <
"
O . 7D 9 7A " / + O
$
N 7 3# -
'
(
"
*
"
K
<
'
' '
' '
+
"
"
"
! 6 8
- '
+ '
(
" ,
'
+
)
+
-
" ' ' '
)
" ' ' A
'
<
'
/ +
'
<
+
'
"
: 7! ! !
* : 7! ! # '
(
, %!
- 0
!* -
' '
* : 7!
!
%
/ + # ' '
7
> (
7 ,
'
' " '
T
O . 7D 9 A + O
$
" '
- M
M +
7 F F
'
(
" M+
+
'
! '
-
+ '
'
"
+ -
. : + 8 4
I . ' * "
(
#
(
- (
"
"
&)
# !
'
" "
' ! "
'
$
. #
*
A
6
&
&
8
" "
'
' !
' " 0 2
"
'
(
@
A . % @
A
'
" &
'
"
"
-
, - %-
" '
"
>
(
P - "
!% %
)! * , '
@
A
(
'
F
7 @ F !A
6
7D : ?8
'
(
'
$ @
A
#$ @
A
! !F
#
M
$ @
A 7 @
A
%
! ! * * - - * " '
'
'
(
+
(
.) +
>
(
.
* *
"
+
-
&
! * * *
"
.
# ' ' ! ! * * -
'
" "
"!
$ @
A
#$ @
A
! !F
#
$
%
@
A @
A
" ,
,
#
"
" !
% 7! - * - - 7
"
'
$ @
A " + !
)!
7
'
- 7
7
$ @
A 7
"
7
$ @
A
)
-
(
'
'
$ @
A
@
A
7
$ 7 $ @
A $ @
A
- '
$
$ @
A 7
'
%
- * *
- ! % 7! - * A
$ @
A 7
#
!% 6
7D : @8
(
*
C "
+
M
W7
- 7 ! ) C
$
- '
'
/J C #
'
C
(
*
; " " ( * "
M
W7
% :) + "
"!
' &
"
+
)
electron
1111111
0000000
0000000
1111111
gun 0000000
1111111
flux
0000000
1111111
screen
"
'
+
" '
"
+
"
'
7 F 0 2 '
- 7
7 '
#
'
- +
'
&
&
&
7
F
'
C " '
/
- + '
' - !
- 7
'
#
+ *
'
&
.M) '
.);
"
- + '
.
"A#A H % B *
' '
<
*
-
+
*
'
-
$ # 7
3
)
-
'
<
' (
" -
'
'
<
"
* - - 0 7 %
& F $ # 5 "
<
@ %
& F $ # A 7 @ F
3# - A
' "
"
#
'
'!
2
" # '
"A#A 1 * 2!
'
"
A
" . + 0 2
6
8 / +
* #
' '!
5 ! 0
M
- -
F F @ F 1 A 7 @ F !A
&
"
* < ! !
9
! < 3 I
' ! '
'
<
'
#
' " " "
'
A 7 @5A (
@
-
% * 6
7D : 98
(
5 '
<
- M
F
F
M +
7 F F
0I 6 < 8 5 6 8
" * 0 - 6
7D : :8 '
" 7 -1Q
-
7 F
7 F F F
-
-
7 F F F F
<
1 0
3
!
%
#
'
7 (
@A
7 @A
'
T
"
- M
M
+
7 F F
4
"
0
? ! ?%A
(
' " ' !
'
'
)
.% "
"A'A ? < 2 - 0
-
' '
<
7 F
!
0
* ; '
# '
<
)
0 8 ,
#
@X 7
#
#
X 7
#@
'
@
%
+ 5 "
(
"
/
'
@X 7 #/# '
7 F
7 F
7
4
7
%
+ #
'
&
(
'
7
'
<
(
6
8 X 7
#
#!
7 X 7 F
F
# #
#
'
' (
' <
(
# (
'
# #!
7
7 F
F F
# #
# #!
7 @
A F F
# #
!% %
'
#
7 F
#
)!
# #! #
< 7
7
F F F
# # #
#
+
(
#! #
F 7
# #
#
< 7
7 F
F
#
0 2 '! '
'
0
* ;
#
# # # #
7 7
# # # # #
#
# #
- 7
# #
' '
# #
- 7
7 M
M
7 @M
M
A
# #
# #
# #
7 @M
M
A 7 @Æ Æ Æ Æ A 7 F
# # # #
.
'
< 7
-
'
0
* '
<
+
#
'
(
*
"A'A 0 - :
'
0
7 F
!
3
4' '
)! * ,
M M
F
F
7 @ F !A
3 " "
M
" M
" M
F 7 @ F !A
3 3 3
M
" M
" M
F
7 @ F !A
3 3 3
)'
* *
7
M
" M
F 7 @ F !A
3 3
4' - ' %
7
-
# #
7 M
7 @ - M A M
# #
7 Æ - M M
7 - M M
7
- M M
7 -
M
7 -
+
+
"
"
"! ' "
M " M
F
-
F
- 7 @ F !A
3 3 &
4' 2 '!
%
#
#
-
7
- M
7 -
M
7 - 7"-
#
#
M
- 7
- M
- M
7 @
-
-
-
- A @ Æ A
7
-
-
' (
'
M
F - F
-
- 7 @ F !A
3 3 &
#
'
'
+
+
'
' "
"
"A'A < - : 7!
-
(
M
F
- F
-
- 7 @ F !A
3 3 &
)*
" @ /A
- /@ / A A /@ / A
- @
M
3 3
( -
/ / 7
(
-
' -
7
- 7
@ A@ A @! & A '
M
(7 7
M
(
"
A
-
'
-
7( -7 7
- M
! @!A@ A @! & A
"A'A# + *
- + 6
M
F
-
F
-
F 1 7
&
;
- +
! ! 5 ! 0
# # # #
7 F F F
#0 #5 5 #5 5 #!
;
" '
6
8
I J 7 I J 7
"
' "
'
@
A 7
@5A (
M #
7 7
M
" #!
M #
7 7M
+
" #0
# (
# (
7 + F F
5 #5 5 #5
-
-
F 5 F + 7
5 5 5 5
!M M M
#
0 7
5
6 "
8
7 #
F F 7
-
7
)
'
F 7
)
8@8 A) F 8)
) 7 8 7
' "
8 8 7
@A 7 A@A
'
A
F
A
F F @
AA 7
#
!* ,
1 7
1 7
7
1
(
'
A
F A
F F A7
1 1 1 !1
(
'
F
F F 7
5 5 5 5
'
7 F F
(
#. . 7 F '
7
5
7 #
*
* %
M +
- M
F
F
7 F
<
* -
A@1 A 7
@1 A
# * " .
7 7
) '
77 F
7 57 M
-
)&
4' 2 " A 0 - !I 7 I
@ '
A
57
'
@! & A @ A
'
M
"
'
5 7 #
+
"A'A' + *
- + 66
#
/ +
&
- 7 @ - A
7
- 7 # 0Q 7 - 0Q
#
: 7! #
<
/ +
*
-
7 F
7 F F F
-
-
7 F F F F
#
" '
I J 7 I J 7
#
"
! N
(
7 @A
-
M
+ M +
M
F F @A 7 @A
-
M
-
M
+
M +
F
F @A 7 @A
-
, '
7 #
7
#
M
-
M +
7 F 7
M F F
'
*
*
64
"
"
+
" %
'
"
+
8
))
"A'A 0 6 % D ! $ %- = @ *> - 9
# ' '
!
0 % !
-
'
@
A . % @
A
'
" &
'
# !
'
" (
'
>
"
F
7 @ F !A
2 - * -
'
' !
(
@
A . % @
A
F N
! ! F N!
#
'
>
(
M
F
F N . % 7 "M
#
F ! F N! . %
" #
4' ' '
! 3
' 4
. % 7 . % "
@
A
M
#
#@
A
. % F
F N F M
@
A
7 . % "M
F ! F N! M
M
"
#
#
#@
A
#
F N F M
F
@
A 7 "M
F ! F N! M
" # #
-
'
% , % - * A
M
N 7
@
A
#@
M
A
N! 7
#
#
! + * *% -
#
' '
'
"
" (
@
A . % @
A
$ @
A
#$ @
A
! !F
#
M
$ @
A 7 @
A
"A'A 1 * 23 4 < - @ *
# 2
'
'
$ @
A
$ @
A 7
+ '
+ - ' !
' '
C
B field
path 1
r0 r
path 2
' &
3
$ @
A $ @
A 7 7
7
-
7W
! - - J3A
4' $
" "
$ $
" * "
"
7
$ 7 $
@$ $ A 7
M
M
W 7 $ $ 7
J3 , <!A
)
C " " (
*
"
'
.' 2 #
7
'
<
7 I F @
AJ !@
A
0
* '
4
+ "
'
K
<
+
'
"" C " "
<
J
7 I F
3
"
M
"
7 I
A F
@
J
"3 M
5 "
C +
(
£ F
7
9
"
+ - 7 @ - A '
7 @1- A #
P I
(
"
'
"
7 @1-/ -/ A
7 @ - A
P #
! &
P
:
! !
"
?
<
+
" '
7 I F
@
AJ !@
A F 9 - @
A
'
" '
<
@
7 9 I
F
AJ !@
A
.) +
7
+
" 7 @1- A
#
P
"
$
'
<
+
" 7 @ - A
#
P
"
$
'
<
I '
"
)
#
'
'
.)
" P
' 0
' ' +
' " '
' ;
'
" !
#
' &
, +
' "
"
<
; 7
F
,
"
@ < '.
9
!C A L
" C
IÆ
?
+
/
' '
A I J 7
$
"
'
6
8 *
(
' "
I J 7
# +
7
F
- 6
B 78
"
I J 7 "M
:
'
"
$
' " (
*
' "
'
"
'
! ! "
'
%
7 !
'
" 68
'
' "
'
! * - "
" '
M
M
G
(
"
7 F
# " " * - "
;
"
'
' ! 8 7
8 7
8 7
' '
"
" #
' !% 6 B 8
7
) %
) % 7 F
7
) %
)% 7
! '
'
%-
6
B 8
4
"
'
' 6 8
"
' "
, +
*
' "
(
4 + & 5
9 6" '
8 '
+
<
'
" -
<
6
'A 7
- ' +
* ;
" ' '
'
(
"
; F
7
; 7 F F
M
7 @; A @ @ F A @ F A 8@8 F AA
!
; ; 6" 8
" -
"
+ ½
¾
5
&
4
, " '
( " #
'
'
7
( "
%
7 F 7 A ; 7 7 ' ;
! '
' ' %A ; '
:
!
" ' : : ; ( * ' '
'
' ! '
(
" !
"
' !
#
;
'
O . @ 7A 7 O
O . @ A O
' '
; 4
*
+
'
7 F
'! ' + "
*
# '!
" # ! '
; ; ' "
- ! '
7 (4 F E4
Æ
(
E " ! ! 6
B 98 "
'
;
F
F
7 4 F 4
F
F
F
F
7 4 4
F
F
#
' '
(
A
"
'
( ' " '
'
7 - 0
!* '
'
B A
+
A
'
-
' ' '
( "
*
- > ) '
>
( " ' " 8
( " 6@ 8 F A
" 8
"
'
( " " ' K < 7
( "
(!
' + <
A
K
K ! ! ! ! K ! K ! < ! <
$ "
$
'
; '
"
' ! '
( "
% : / 4 C
;: +;
#
'!
0 '!
O . @ A
7! 7 O
'
'
7 ! ' *
(
l2
l2
l1 + l 2
l1
l2
l1 - l 2
- ! %
% 3 * A
F
!
) $
(
*
"
'
(
' 3 !
*
"
)
*
#
& 6
B :8
" '
"
#
"
+
9@!
7
4 4
!
7
"
$I
Æ
" #
"
'
" !
;
' 5 + / +
5
- ' "
'
! '
' ' "
0
"
'
# !
'
'
8 7
8 7
8 7 "
'
&
8 7 *A
*
* . 8 7 8 F 8 ' ' "
! *A #
" !
7 8
"
0
%
7
#
' '
'
6 8 '
7 F
!
3 * . '
' '
' ' "
A
-
- * % -
. "
'
;
' '
A !' & ' &
' -
*
. '
' !
! ! - - D=>
* ' A
' ' 7 )' & '' & '
'
"
"
O . @ 9A '
O
O . @ :A
O
)
A A * - 7
; 7
F 7 &
' &
#
"
7 ! " !
4
# ' "
' " '
"
79 7
7 7 .
F
? B * F & 7 !
"
A A * -
; ( "
@ F A & '
'
<
@ F A
) 7 F '
'
7 F
! @ F A 7 @ F A
@! F A @ F A7 7 F
'
'
7
2
A A !! * 7 ! 7
'
6* ( " 8 '
7 ! 7
@
A
? 698
: 68 6978
9 68 678 698
678 678 68 69$78
68 6778 68 6$78 69$8
7 6$78 678 678 6$78 6$8
6$8 6$778 68 67$78 6$8
$7 67$8 6$78 6$78 6$78 6$8
$ 6$8 6$7$78 6$8 6$78 6$98
$ 6$7$8 6$$78 6$8 6$978
$9 6$$8 6$$78 6$98
$: 6$$8 6$9$78
$? 6$9$8
? '
7 * '
$? L? 4'
: 7 '
" '
$:
L: ' +
7 ! 7
7
' +
F
!
" '
!
&
A A#
- '
'
'
+ - !7
* *
* # '
6
8
* '
. !
' " "
I
, '
77 7 6 8
8 7 6
8 #
; 7
F
F F
# ' +
' ; ' K
F
7
F 7
F
7 ;
'
"
'
'
2
F
7
8 7
+
/
!
"
' '
'
"
'
'
'
(
"
7
7 '
7
8 7
8 7
' "
' 6
'
'
8
'
8
"
'
A
7 8 7 7
7 87 7 K
7 87 7
.
'
(
"
8 8 8
4 ' ' "
2 '
# ' 6 8 ! !
8 ( " " " '
-
' ' '
'
A A'
- - A
)
#
"
! F
F
!
'
7
L7
"
7
7
(
"
7
@A 7 @A 7
+
@A 7 @A
7 @A
/
' '
% % K
<
%%
'
7
7
7
* "
A A - (
7
F
I J 7 I F F J
7 I J F I J F I J F I J
7 "M:
F F F "M
:
7 "M
:
.
A A D * ? * ( 2 !
'
7 F
; '
'
7M
7 M
4' ' '
7 0
(
'
;
5<
7 F 7M
F
,
0<
7 M @A@ A @A@A 7 M
(
' '
M 7M
F
7 F
4' ' '
0'
0< '
7 M
@A@ A @A@A 7 M
%
0'
5<
F 7M
F 7 M
% 7
'
J7
'!
'
'
'
+ ,
A
7
#
8 7
J #
"
A A
* ( ! A
# '
'
# '
"
7
F 7 F F
7 8 @8 F AM
F 8 @8 F AM F
7 M F F F
M
M M
7 7 7
M
"
M
M
7 7 7"
M M
"
M
"
7 7 7
M
"
M
"
M
7 7 7 "
"
M
7 M F F F
M
" "
7 M F
F
M
7 M F 7 M
4
8@8 F A 7
M
'
'
+
'
J7
4'
7
F
F
7 F F F F
7 F F F
F
7 F M F
F
! !
!
M F
7 F
M
M F
7 F "@"A @"A"
7 M F
M @ A 7 M
7
A A# !! *
A
# '
'
4 #
'
"
'
;
Æ
'
; 7 @ F AM
#
'
(
"
F
%
+
"
6,
'
"
" 8
*
%
*
"
7
F
)
' '
7
F -
'
4
'
4
7 (4 F E4
# ' +
Æ
(
E
' "
; 7 @ A 7 F F F F
F
'
;
; % 7 ( M @ F A4 F 4 F
4
!
&
F @ F A
@
F A 4
F E M
@ F A4 % F 4 % F @
F A 4 %
!
&
F @ F A @
F A
@A4
; % 7 @ F AM
% 7 @ F AM
(4 F E4 %
'
'
(
Æ
' (
4
( @ F A 7 ( @ F A F F
FE @ F A
@
F A
!
4
E @ F A 7 E @ F A F @
F A F ( @ F A
@
F A
!
(
0<
E
5< ' ' (
@ F A @ F A
( 7 @
A@ F
F AE
!
@
A@ F
F A( 7 @ F A @ F A F @
F A E
!
4' ' % '
( '
(E
@
A@ F
F A 7 @ F A @ F A
@ F A @ F A F @
F A
! !
#
( ! ! '
" '
0< 5< '
7 @ F A @ F A
!
- ' !
0< '
6'
%
'
8 "
7 @ F A @ F A
!
'
@ F A 7 @ F A F F 7 F
!
@ F A 7 @ F A F 7
!
6
8
' " #
'
+
(
E
7 F
+ (
@
A( 7 @
A@ F
F AE
'
" '
E
( # '
*
'
"
( F E 7
(
@
A @
A
E 7 ( 7 (
@
A@ F
F A @ F
F A
F
FF
( F E 7 ( 7
F
F
F
F
(7
F
F
F
E7 7
F
F F F
'
Æ
# ' !
K
&
#
- 3 9@! Æ
8
8
)
'
F
F
7 (7
F
F
F
F
F
@
F A
7 E7
F
F
F
7
F
F
@
F A
7
F
7
FF
F
F
@
F A
7
F
!
A A' * - F A
- '
@ F A@ F A 0
"
!
' '
@ F A 7
@ @ F A F A 7 @ F A@ F A F
7@ F A@ F A F @ F A@ A 7@ F A@ F A
'
'
. 2 #
7 ;
'
'
7 . '
D '
<
" 7 F #'
' F 8 '
' ;
' 68 '
"
6"8 '
7 #
68 '
'
P
'
'
"
"
@7 7 ! A
' "
'
9 9 7 '
'
9 9 7
9
7 #
"
'
-
"
'
:
" 7 @
AI 4 @ !A F 4 @ !A J ;
"
""
0
2
( #
""
+
'
!P #
'
P #
""
P 6
'
8
?
7
B$
7
'
'
"
" !
"
<
7 & + "
+
'
"!
<
'
4
@
6 J <8
7 #
'
"
+
; 7 F
'
< 7 ; F = '
=
#
" (
"
$
P #
" (
"
P
'
+
7 ' "
'
7 8
#
' 7 7 7 7 P "8 0
'
7 7 7 @) A
7 4 " ; ;
#
"
" '
""
P U
" # ' +
' 7 '
6 7 ½ F ¾ 8
68 #
' 8
( "
6"8 # '
)
8 8
)
8
8
68 4'
'
) U '
) 7 "
"
68 4' +
'
8 '
' 6 8 " < #
' 787 7
"
( " 7 P #
7
7 P
9
@A ; ;
; 7 M 7 *M
; 7 M
2
( "
' - '
"
'
""
:
7 4 -
;
; '
"
'
""
P -
'
"
""
P U
"
? '
7 "
'
"
7
#
'
6 8 7 7 7 7
7 7 P 0
'
(
"
@ A
"
@7A
@8A 7 U
&
@ 0
'
*$
7
#
'
P . ' '
@ 8 F A
8
B ' &
< " 7 F
& F #
@ F A
;
'
" F F F
F
D
7
7 ;
'
(
" #
'
) " 6
8 -
7
) 7 '
"" ; 7 MP
7 ' &
<
" 7 F F - @ F A
;
'
*
6
"
'
%
%! 3
!
# ' !
'
"
"
; "
' ( '
6 *
8
*
& " ' -
+
* ' ' -
6 8 *
' ' *
<
6 8
'
< ' "
@ < . 9 !C A L6.
IÆ
? @
+
"
<
" %! 3
! 7 !
"
<
7 F
>
(
-
@ F A 7
"
" ! "
"
9
. ' '
"
'
"
7 F F F
7 > ! F
!
7
F
F
'
68 678 68
*
+
>
!
'
* " '
/
>
(
"
' 9
* ! * - A 6
7 9 78
7 ! !
!
!
7
!
!
7
7 ! *
%
"
"
+ !
&
" '
! !
*
4
"
"
+ "
(
(
" "
O . 7 7A < , '
"
6 8 O
+
*
' '
'
'
+
O . 7 A <
.$+
! .& O
# '
"
'
'
+
&
<
+
"
"
&
*
* A
#
&
" " * =
> !* &
!! !
"
*
' " ' "
"
"
" ' "
' 6
8
+
"
"
'
! ! 7 Æ
'
"
# '
"
"
/ !
*
+
>
(
! ' !% 6
7 9 8
(
+ 6
8
"
!
F ! ( 7 (
&
(
'
#
*
68
(
#
(
+
#
(
( (
( 7 (
( (
'
7 ! F !
<
-
(
! &
6
(
" 8
J
(
"
'
6
8
; +
' '
+
'
"
! 7 !
! ! !
!
O . 7 A
! .&
J O
"
+
*
7 F 0
"
*
<
"
A ! !
@! ! A '
AA 0A(A = >A
,
7
# ' % '
'
"
M
N
7 ! ! 7
!
AA 0
!* @ ! +97!. & +A
#
<
" '
'
<
6
7
3
)
4' ' ' +
+ 7! !
#
. +
*
7 0
- " 2 9!*
+
* "
*
7 ! 0 ! 7
#
! !
7
! 0 !
#
* " '
<
! 0 ! 7
@
A 4
4
#
"
!
4 7 4
!
'
%
'
! 0 ! 7
R4 4
Æ Æ
7
"
'
'!
@ A
! 0 ! 7 Æ Æ
$ @A Æ Æ
@ F A
#
"!
N
!
# '
/
7
$ @A
F
7
$ @A
F
7
$ @A
" '
%
-
' % '
+ '
*
&
"
7 @ ! F F A7 '
+ '
' #
%
4' '
!
'
"
+
# N
7 7 !@ 'A
#
. +
. +
'
. +
'
AA & + - O 0
!* A
! &
J
(
"
'
6
8
; +
' '
+
'
"
! 7 !
! ! !
!
"
+
*
7 F 0 +
"
(
( !
F 0 !
7 @ F A(
919
(
9
@ F A
"
/
@ ! 7 ! A
"
(
( @ Æ F ! 0 ! A
7 @ F A(
( F
( ! 0 !
7 ( F (
( ! 0 !
7 (
%
(
'
'
'
6 8
( (
(( 7 ((
( (
4'
* # '
'
" I 0 J 7
" '
(
*
'
*
2 E
F
<
4 I 0 J 4¼ ¼ 7 7 @
A 4 0 4¼ ¼
4 0 4¼ ¼ 7
7
0 +
* 6 8
" D
D7 ! 0 !
(
6" '
" +
8
!
D ( (
! ( 7 (
! D ( (
! ( (
#
"
! !
@! ! A
'
6 8
D
#
D 5 4 7
4 7
D 7 @ A 4 0@ A 4
7 @ A
4 R
!
7 @ A
7
' !
7 !
7 @ *A
7 7
+
+ ' '
+ 6
8 "
-
'
' 6 8 N '
N
"
!
+
6
!
!
"
+ 8
N D
( (
7
D F N ( (
7 D F N
,N
"
N ! D
D ! N - '
'
"
A#A % - ! ! (! +,
! ! '
"
' ' !
"
'
"
'
' !
-
"!$!
'
"
' '
"
'
7 F F F
7 > @A ! F
@A!
@A 7
F
F
- )! * ,
@ F A ! F
@A!
7 @
F F F A ! F
@A!
'
> @A
"
"
;
(
'
' # '
+
! 7
! F
!
!
!
7 ! F
!
F
!
F
!
7
!
F !
* %
" "
'
'
"
!
'
(
!
!
!
' '
(
!
!
+ (
!
! ! 7
!
!
! F
7
;
7 !
7 ! !
!
!
7
(
%
!
! !
7 *
# '
%
!
" '
'
'
! ! *
" '
7
!
!
< - > @A
>
(
(
*
#
"!
! '
+
'
*
!
* . 7 ! F
!
! F
7F
> @A
*!
'
'
7 7
A#A % - (! * +,
'
"
' ' '
"
"
*
-
'
(
"
'
!
!
7 > @A
( ! F
!
F
'
*
'
6
8
'
! # '
+
' '
! !
"
>
(
@ F A
( ! F
@A!
7 @
F F A
( ! F
@A!
- ' !
*
+ '
@ F A
( ! F
( ! F
!
7 @ F A
!
%
! '
!
F ! ( 7 @ F A(
!
/
"
+
%
- "
"
+ !
! ( 7 (
%
"
<
- =
>
!* A
% 2 #
7
"
% 7
+
;
'
*
+
+ ;
+
"
% 7 @ 4 A
+
'
!
-
"
"
:
&
&
7
9
'
" " "
<
7
F
@ F 1 A
+ +
% 7 1 4'
"
"
:
@ A 7
"
I J
7
'
I J
? -
$"
% @
A 'A 7 '
&
P
' +
7
"
'
% @A 7
+ 6
8
;
7
+
*$
64
% 9
-
+
.$+
5 "
I 0 J 7 -
2 "
8
'
% @
A 7
+
0
'
*
9 <
7
. +
<
9 A
.$+
'!
"
"
*
1
/ '
-
' '
+
<
' " "!
<
"
+
' "
# ' " !
"
' !
+
" !
& ' !
+ !
'
K
&
" '
' + - '
"
# '
!
4
'
' '
"
@ < .
9
!C A L66.
IÆ
?
2 3 +
"
" '
'
<
6
7
3
" " ' ' % A
7
2 !
$,"
E '
F
(
9
66
8 K
8 &
+
678 %
2
( -
" / * 6 9 78
! ' +
<
7
&
,
' '
9
A
"!
#
<
<
"
<
!
65 "
7 7
(
8
@ /
A
" 7 7 7 (
&
!
!
0!
+
'
" (
<
"
9( .
#
"
2
'
/ +
"
2
7
3
-
# !% 6 9 8 / 0 *
. +
6#
'
' '
8
?
7
' "
4' ' 6
9 8
+ "
!
7 F
F
"
'
)
)
& # '
)
$"
"
+ "
*
- - ! 6
9 98
+
? M
7 I @ F A @ F A 8@8 F AJ
!
?
7 F
7
7
7 T -
"
'
!
7
+
.(
"
F
G 6
9 :8 '
7
!
"
7 T
# '
'
+
+
# '
'
&
7
4 5 !
"
!
) 7 F F
F
(! 2
) 7 F
@ F A !F
&
!
) 7 F
F
#
' @ F A @ F A
! ! F @ F A
7 7!
F @ F A@ F
A @ F A@ F A
'
% &
7 F
&
"
n=2
P3/2
P3/2 P1/2
S 1/2 P1/2
add B-field
add Darwin
S 1/2
+ spin-orbit
add relativity
#
+
&
<
+
0"
&
4
+
'
' " !
)
2 !# 4 3
,
' " !
/ + 0
+
' !
+
,
<
' " '
7 F @ F A F '
7 ,
<
" F
+
- -
7 F
@ A 7 @ F A
' !
+
# ' " " F ! ; ; '
!
-
' ! + ' "
+
6 9 ?8
K .&
' ! / +
6 7
N 7 #
#
@ F A 7
' !
+ '
'
+
(
) 7 (
F
F
!
' ! +
!*
& - )
"
n=2
P3/2
P3/2 P1/2
S 1/2 P1/2
add B-field
add Darwin
S 1/2
+ spin-orbit
add relativity
!
'
? ! ? 2 "
# !
'
"
"
+
-
+ ' +
)
&
+
F
# '
-
+
'
+
- M
7 F @
F
) A
-
+
) "
;
7
7
7
) 7
7
7
) 7
7
7
) 7
"
A#A 5 %
)
$
' !
F
F
7
F
(
7 ' +
F
7
F
F
F
&
&
'
4
' %
'
#
"
E " FP
$
#
7
&
A#A 9(
#
<
$"
'
' '
"
/ +
2
7
-
? ?
7 -
7
? !
7
!
! 7
Q ( (
7
? ! ?
!
7
7
!
!7 7
?
7
4
' %
'
' ' (
-
.) "
'
6
/ + T8
7S
*
#
'
"
5
7
#;
$
' '
'
'! '
+
8
A#A - 5 % + *
-
5 '
7 7 '
)
#
' '
$"
6 ) 7 , -
)
)
) 7
, -
) F
)
7
7
) F F
F )
7
F ) )
F ) )
F ) )
7 F F
'
'
7 (
/ 7
7
7
@ F A
6 ) 7
(
(
) 7 F F
@ F A
!
7 !F
F
!
7 F
F
'
# '
)
'
"
'
$"
A#A# - 0 + *
-
#
'
# '
7
6 ) 7 ? M
) 7 I @ F A @ F A 8@8 F AJ
!
? M
7 @ A@ F A @ F A
&
!
?M
@ F A@ F A
7 F F
!
! ! @ F A@ F A
?
M
7
@ F A @ F A@ F A
?
M (
7
M @ F A @ F A@ F A
?
7 F
7
7
4
" (
'
'
+
7 # '
A#A'
#
,
M
B 7 Æ @
A
#
' !
'
""
"
M
B 7 @A
4' @A 7
@A 7
7
! M
M
(
B
7 7 7
&
M
7
'
"
7
$"
6'
" * 8 !
T
!
A#A B +
#
' !
+
+ "
-
@ F
A
@ F A 7 ; F
;
'
-
; 7
-
M
'
# 7
# 6 7 " '
2 !
'
'
' ' )
)
-
"
7
@; F A
- 6 7
7
M
F
# ! '
' '
+
)
7 (4 F E4
7 E4 (4
F
F
( 7
F
E 7
F
0 2
7 F +
6 7
7 (4 F E4 (4 F E4
7 M ( E
; 7
6
7 7 M E
(
#
"
' 7
6
7 7
M
(
F
F F
M
E 7
F
@
A F
M M
7 7
F F
'
6 8 " '
-
M
M
-
7
M
7
F
F
7
-
' '
+
N 7
@6(A
F !
'
K
&
M
-
N 7
F
% 2 #
7
+
7
#
"
+ P <'
'
+ : P I
" 4'
"
'
7
$"
+
G
7
7 7
+
7
7
7
G
' +
7
<
<
7
*
"
'
J <
U 7
7
+
6
GT8
7 7
7
<
-
&
$"
$
'
6 (
8
+
&
+ 64 A -
!
(
8
!
'
'
'
7 6
" 8
' !
+ / '
'
"
+
*
9 -
$"
% @
A 'A 7
'
&
"
P I
'
8
% 7
7
'A 7
I @ F A 7 @7 F A 8@8 F AJ
'A 7
I @ F A 7 @7 F A 8@8 F AJ
N 7
N 7
N 7 F
: #
+
7 2 F 2 @ A 4' ' !
+ -
6
+
& 8 '
'
(
"
? -
<
7 " +
+
8
+
# "
A > ) '
7 "
I
+
(
@
<
" '
+ '
+
'
+
/ .
"
+ /
&
/ 7
" '
2
'
+
(
+
+
" Æ
" '
&
'
( "
"
&
+
< +
'
(
'
"
@ < .
9
!C A L66.
" C
IÆ
?
2< +
#
!
'
=
'
"
(!
"
6 ?*
3* 7
=
2*
'
=
/
% ;
? ' '*
'
' '
.
" $ B 6
(!
6 8 !
"
" "
'
!
+ (!2 8 # 6 8
'
2
(!
-
" 7
$ # '
N 7 6
8
" ' " !
<
" '
+ - 3 6 I '*
B@8
+ "
N 7 3 - * 6 9 78
7
!
=
N 7 -
7 @6(A @
A?*
2* M
4' %
$"
' ' +
7
< F =
&
-
+
$
$
+
"
' "
-
'
"
#
*
9 " 9
"
" '
'
' !
' !
'
!
"
* ' "
- , - A
<
= 7
= 7 M $ @$ F A
! !
$ @$ F A $ @$ F A
N 7 @6(A C# @
A?*
;
' %
'
" $ 7
O . 7A
< +
<
I
O
" '
' .) ' '
7
2< + 1 3
- ' /$+
'
'
+
0Q
"
G 7
- @3
" F
3' F
36 A
3# - ?3*
7 @ F A F -=
M
M
'
"
'
'
* '
" ; +
"
" '
* *
"
'
G 7 3# -
M
"
' ' '!
" ' ! +
+
'!
+ 3
K
& -
** . - *
! * -
+
+
$ '
"
"
/ +
+
) ; ' ! +
+
'
+
$ ;
+ '
)
$ -
'
"
'
*
"
' ' " "
#
+ '
"
* "
3# - (
?
* 7
)
' ! +
- # '
)
O . A
< +
# ! / ; O
( 7 F $ @$ F A F 3# -
$ -
+ ' " - '
$
-
+ '
)
+
"
"
7 F 3# -
) F ?3* -
6 # !
/ + '
&
O . A
< +
/ ; O
7 F 3# -
) F ?3 -
6 F
)
6
;
'
O . 9A
< +
-
/ ; O
'
/ + '
'
/
M
7 F 3# -
!
M
M
7 F @3# - A
!
'
' A / /
+
'
'
/
!
full calc.
weak field
strong field
0 500
B
# ! '
O . ?A
< + - / ; O
AA * - 0
!* @ !
<
$ 7 #
+ "
N 7 @6(A @
A?* $ @$ F A
2*
&
" '
'
+
'
+
!
N$ N$ 7 @6(A @
A?*
2*
; 7 <
!
!
'
N$ N$ 7 @ ' A@' '*A 7 ' &! G
) &
5
+# " G
" (
.
' N
"
'
' !
'
M )
7 7 Q
7 Q
7
' &!
$ 7 "
.
' "
N 7 ' '
"
&
$ 7
$
AA 0
7 * $ & : 2!
+ ' ! ' '!
$
$
'
+
"
G 7 3# -9 /
' '
'
)
'
' ' "" ! F '
2
2
'
9 7 9 FF 7
9 7 9 7
9 7 9 @ F F FA 7
@ F FA 7
9 7 9 @ F FA 7 @ F F FA 7
4'
@$ 7 A
'
!
" '
*
' '
"
"
"
+
$ 7
'
3# -
*
" '
" '
$ 7
$ 7
'
+ " '
'
7 3# -
$
'
"
$
!
AA 0
!* * : 2!
#
+
"
)
" '
7 F 3# -
)
"
$ 7 =
'
7 @6(A C#
?*
5
'
'
= 7 = F = F =
" 4
! = '
'
*
F =
F 7 F = F = F = F
M
7 F = F 7
!
M
F
$ F 7
!
M
F F
$ F F 7
!
M
$ 7
!
#
'
)
M
7 F 3# -
) 7 F 3# -
) F M
@
)
6 A
!
AA# 6 ! 2!
4' ' ' '!
" '
" '
"
' ' %
"
'!
' "
' '!
"
'
'
"
"
#
" '!
$
$
$
$
$ F
# $
$
F 3# -
3# -
3# -
3# -
!
'
'!
"
"
"
-
7
- F F - 3# -
( * '
@ A@ A - 7
F - 7
! F !@ F - A
7 7 F @ F - A
7 ! F -
$ 7 '
&
+
M
M
7 F @3# - A
!
' '
+
M
F 3# -
!
M
3# -
!
AA'
<
$! "
E
+
F
'
+
*
-
"
' "
"
'
-
*
' !
&
*
7 ( 3
'
" 3 7
!
"
#
7 3
X 7 ' '
(
!!
'
'
7
7
# '
"
F
7
7
7 7
&
!
3
&3 3
%
'
<
6'
" 38
$"
"
! #
'A 7 :
!
" '
/ + "
"
7 3 '
? !
'A 7
3
# %
!
"
'
' %
0
#
+
'
3
+
?
'A 7 F 7 F
3
3
%
$
<
' '
3
"
'
'
$
6
+
8
#
6 ?*
6(
N'' 7 = !
2* M
'
+
'
" " 3 ;
!
(3
N'' 7
M
! (3
&
7
3 M
7 ( 3
M
AA 0
7 ! B - 0. .
# "
+
6 / + 8 "
'
&
$
!
"
# !
'
" (
+
"
0 2 +
"
G
G
F J F J
!'
< '
"
#
E
F
'
+ '
'
( "
(
"
F
@J F J A
@J F J A
J A
@J
@J J A
M
M
M
7 F F @J J A
!
M
M
M
7 F @J J A
!
0!
' ' ! 6
8
-
"
A#A 0
7 0
!*
#
6 ?*
37
=
2*
4' '
6 6
8 3!
79@8
@ A
A 7 @
3
#
+
7
-
# # # # #
-
7 :
7 3 : :
7 3 @: :
A
#
# #
# #
#
# #
# # #
7 3 @Æ
Æ Æ
Æ"
A 7 3
3
# #
# #
# #
7
- 3
@ A
3
'
+ "
6 ?*
# #
N 7 -
7 =
F =
2*
# #
!*
" + "
6/
'
'
'
" 7
* 8
# # Æ
! @
A 7
! @
A
# #
'
6 ?*
=
N 7
2*
4' '!
# #
F 7 F 7
# #
' +
* '
" ' "
7
+
&
7 ' '
D
D
7
A
7
@
A
@
7 #
#
D
7 7 @!M A@ A 7 !
M
*
'
7 !Æ @
A
#
'
6 ?*
N 77 = @! ! @A A
2*
!
6(
! ! @A 7 @A 7
M
6 ?
* ! 6(
N 7 =
2* M
'
(
'
!
=
N 7 @6(A @
A?*
2*
M
# '
N
=
6
"!
!
8
!
% 2 #
7
7 !
+
$!
6
$
8
+
7
7
+
G
0
'
"
68 7 '
7 7 8 68 7 '
7 7 8 68 7 8 7 7 7 !8
' +
7
+
' !
+ 6
+ ' !
"
+
8
$
" '
'
( "
2
! '!
"
6
8
8
+
"
+
+
"
G 7 F F
<
9
+
/ +
+
;
68
/ +
)!
+
6! 8
!&
/
<
" " )
< <
' "
<
'
66 7 8
' 6 7 !8 ' "
@ < . 9 !C A
-E6 . " C IÆ
@
: 3
/ 2 +
#
"
<
<
<
"
"
" '
'
6 6
7 F F
#
'
66 7 8 <
<
"
7 F F %
'
% @
A 7 4
% "
*
<
+ "
! "
; *
' ' ! - 0
!* %-
@
A 7 ! @
A! @
A
< " %
"
-
%
"
7
'
"
@ F A 7
#
'
< ! *
(
"
'
5
6 7 !
'
7 F 7 6 (
F 7 '! ! % F
7 :) 7 & & %
7 ) 7 *& %
7 7 '! ! %
7 %
4
"
*
" %
!)
4' 2 !
6
8
- '
;
"
8 7
7 ! ! @ A
; ' !
)
7 @! ! F ! ! A @ A
7 @! ! ! ! A
+ 8 7
*
8 7
)
,
L7
'
: * !
* -
. - ! *
A
# "
(
"
# ' G
"
- + "
' " (
'
2 : +
+
N:) 7 % 7
! @
A ! @
A
'6 ' '
7 7 6 @ (
A 7 @ A@ *A 7 ! %
& ! !
6 9 @ 78
+
"
+
:) 7 & & F ! 7 ! & %
$@B D@: G 7X "
*
"
; "
2 '
"
<
"
'
'
'!
+ # ' + " '
"
3
+
?
@
4' ' ' !
' " &
" '
&
' "
&
-
( " '
8
)%
) 7
! ! ! !
! !
! !
(
2
7
! !
! ! ! !
! !
; H
-2
'
H
' #
'
A
7 @ A
7 8@8 F A M
(
2
9
9 7
! /M
7 8@8 F A 7
(
2
@ F 9 9 A
7
)%
) 7 ; @ F 9 9 A H
'
&
$
&
" '
&
6
8
'
+ " '
'
"
/
"
+
"
+
'
#
'
-
" '
+
N 7
N8 7
6 $ 8 " " 6
8
!
' ' !
<
" '
'
< 6
8
,
< 6 8
'
'
'
( ?6 ;6 = @
/
' "
'
'
*
7
7
;
'
7
7
'!
# '
'
Æ
#
7
#
' ' "
"
!
F (! F (!
7
F (! F (!
(
'
"
! 4' ' &
'
(
*
( 2
7
@! F !A @! F !A
7 ! F ! ! ! 7
# +
*
'
6
8 '
"
'
#
%
+
+
"
7
7
;
'!
'
6 8
O . 9 ? 7A .
7 <
,
'
O
O . 9 ? A 7 < ,
I
O
% ( 2 : +
# ' '
' *
*
# " 2 ! # ' '
' " '
E F
# '
'
"
6 6 * 6
,
6
<
2
£ £
!, @
A !, @
A
''
)
*
6 6
7
! @
A ! @
A F F ! @
A ! @
A
# '!
;
6 '
6
!
%
%
' '
6
7 ! !
6 @6 6 A
7 ! F !
7 6 @ * % A F @6 6 A !
6
7 6 @ * % A F @6 6 A
7 6 (
F 6 @6
6 A(
7 (
6 @6 6A 6
'
"
%
'
7 IJ F 6 (
!
'
7 (
6 !6 @6 6A 6
'
!
7 (
6 F !66 6
!
" 6
# '
7 !6 F !6 7
#6 !
'
6 7 6
*
'
'
7 (
6 7 & %
*
6 $@B D@: G8
4' ' '
' # "
'*
'
#AA 0 (
7
7
' 5
'
'
F
7
@ A @ A
#
M
7 F
4' ' *
M M
M
77 F
7 7
M M F
7 F
7 F 7
M M
!
7 M 7 M
' '
#AA 9 0A(A 3 %-
!
!
%
&
F
7
4
% &
5
F
7
'
M
M
7 F
F
7 7
7
7 7
M
M
M
7
F
F 7
F
!
!
! !
#
M
7 F 7
# ! !
! M
7 !
7
M
7
M
M
7 F 7 M F M
!
!
M ! !
,N
) "
#A A - * ! *
-
+
<
'
N:) 7 % 7
! @
A ! @
A
;
<
'
6' 8
6
, ,
N:) 7 !
R R
!
'&
7
F
R
!
6
,
N:) 7
, !
F
!
6
,
,
N:) 7
F
!
6
,
N:) 7
,
F
F
F
F
!
6
,
N:) 7
,
!
6
N:) 7
,
, I
F @
F
AJ
6
,
N:) 7 &
, @
F
A
#
*
/
" '
% "
6
N:) 7 * , , @ A
6
N:) 7
)*
/0
6
+ 1
7 F
')
)*
/0
6
F
7
+
1
6
8 9
7
6
#
$
7
F F
6
7 F F
6
! ! *
' 6
7 F F 7F
& & & & &
'
7 6 @ * % A 9 G KJ
!
* 2 #
7
'
< N% '
7
'
$
#
P
'
'
+ P
"
"
" $
) G
7
% @
A 7 % '
7 & ;
9
'
'
' '
"
:
7 F
. +
7 # '
<
'
7
'
6
6 '
"
@8A @8A 7 6 (
6
*
<
' " 6 7 #
"
6" '
' 8
*
<
6 6
7 F F 7 F F %
+ <
7
*
"
G I
'
G
'
"
"
8 7
8 7 #
+ < '
8 7
) 7 -
'
2
"$!
+ "
2
*
#
@ < ".
9
!C A 9
E6 A
% + 4
<
'
6
, !
6
F
" 7
-
#
"
" '
<
" "
(
"
'
+ + #
'
P
! " !
/
'
#
'
+
7
"
"
4 @ !A
7
F
!
#
+
"
( "
(
"
9
* ! A
<
'
! "
'
8 7 '
"
&
'
*
"
'
7
!
* ! ! '
(
"
87
7
7
/
*
"
.
'
'
&
'
9
"
"
*
% 2 -
<
'
6
>
(
66
8
, -
(
'
"
"
'
7 ! @
A ! @
A !, @
, A
!
M
6
F
! @
A
" ! @
A 7 M ! @
A
-
< (
" M
"
"
(
'
" -
(
'
&
"
(
6 I '*
D$778
>
(
7 ! ! !,
' '
(
" ' '
' !
'
'
Æ "
!
'
< $;! (
(
&
% 2 E
6
! ' < 2
( "
+ ' + 7
'
% ' ' < 2
# +
"
;
'
'
'
8
7
6
8 3
4'
6 "%
8
-
!
7 F 8
'
!
' 7 8
0 0 59 ! *
(
"
$" & " "
6
KJ98 #
'
8
(
" "
*
"
;
'
+
3
C9C * ;
$"
"
&
'
'
(
"
*
#
<
2
(
'
'
'
'
' < #
"
"
'
'
& 4'
"
; '
'
&
"
'
2
$
- "
'
'
#
!
! '
H
' !
*
'
'
)! " '
&
#
'
'
'
'
;
" '
"
'
7 )! "
)
8
4'
" !
"
2 '
'
"
6
)
8
"
'
'
!
O . : ? 7A
/
O
O . : ? A
"
O
O . : ? A
4
O
O . : ? 9A
,
O
%
'
"
+
*!
K . . + ) - *
7 < @8A
7 ?
< @8A 9 ?
0 < 6 8
:9
9 / < @ 8A D
: / < @ 8A @ A
B
? < @ 8A @ A
77
@ 4 < @ 8A @ A
79 :
B , < @ 8A @ A
7 ?
D ; < @ 8A @ A
7@ 9
7 4 < @ 8A @ A 7 ?
77 4 4 @ 8A
:7
7 ) 4 @ 8A @?
7 4 @ 8A @ A
?
79 4 @ 8A @ A
B7
7: 4 @ 8A @ A
77
7? 4 @ 8A @ A
7 9
7@ 4 @ 8A @ A
7
7B 4 @ 8A @ A 7: B
7D N @!8A
9
@!8A ?7
7 @!8A @ A K
?:
@!8A @ A <
?B
G @!8A @ A <
?@
9 @!8A@ A
?@
: ) @!8A @ A
@9
? ; @!8A @ A K
@D
? N 6 8 @!8A @ A @!A 8 79
:9 1 6N8 @'8A @!A @'A 8 7 7
B? 5 61 8 @*8A @!$ A @'A @*A 8 7 @
#
+
7 9 9 : 9 : ? 9 : ?
&
-
'
"
6 <
G
/
S
-
*
! '
"
'
!
*
"
"
' -
*
" '
"
+ " '
'
*
K
*'
**
"
"
'
"
'
"
'
7 7
9 9 9
: : 9 :
"!
E F
9
:
%% A + 4
#
'!
$
"
" '
- '! "
"
"
.
'
"
4
"
"
"
*
"
#
"
'
4
"
" B B :
B
7?
+ " ' 4 '
"
"
"
<
-
6
'
8 4 '
!
*
"
"
"
'
5 "
'
" '
(
" 7 F F
-
!
'
'
"
" '
&
"
" '
-
&
'
) )
4" *
'
"
$
*&
'
'
"
"
"
'
" "
" 6'
8
%'
'AA : @ !
/
'
6 7 '
7
+
7
7
8 7
'
' 7 8 7
7 $
$7
) 7
87
7
7
'AA @ !
"
'
6 7 *
7
+
7 " -
'
<
2 + 8
'
8 7
' 2
!
<
2
2 "
7
5 "
'
' 7
7
7
'
' 7 8 7
' '! '
"
7 $
$
$7
) 7
87
7
7
#
! !
"
<
2
'
'
"
; " @8A @ 8A @ A
"
&
'
.
'
"
*)
8 7
7 ' ,
"
<
2
+ '
"
"
'
!
&
'AA H* @ !
4' '
6 7 '
<
2 +
8
8 7
' 2
!
#
'
" +
'
-
7 ' 'C' C' 'C&
C& & C' < )
H
'
"
'
5 "
'
'
7
7 7 7
7
7 7 <
2
2
"
7
%
'
'
7 8 7
7 $
$
$7
) 7 $
87
7
7
4
,
'
' G
'AA# (3
* @ !
,
'
6 7 &
7
+
7 " -
'
' ' '
<
2 + 8
'
8 7
' 2
!
<
2
2 "
7
'
7 F 8 7
7 $%
$
$7
) 7
$
87
7
7
%) 2 #
7 0
"
'
+
A @8A
@ A @ A @ A
@ A !
#
"
P
<
2 +
'
A
466 J@8 N66 J7D8 66 J78 66 J@8
+
<
2
!
@ ; A (
"
'
6 779 7: 9
9
%* +
7 # '
+
6 7 6 7
)
# '
6
8
,
66 7 &8
% 0
-
' '
"
"
"
!
)
"
'
.
9 G
G"
6<
, 8 4 '
"!
7
G
5
6 7 M8 .
7 G
#
2
P
" '
P
!
' ! &
P
@ < .
9
!C A 9
, = . 66 . ,E6 A
' ·¾ 5
' '! '
2 -
' 6 /8
678
7 F
& # &#
&#
" '
'
' ' "
6 8 "
/
7 , @A I& # J
'
& 7 & #
H
#
*
7 & # & # 7 & # @ A
,
'
@A & # 7 F F
E
' " F 6I '*8
#
'
7 & # & #
I @AJ
7 I& & F # # & # # & J
I @AJ
& & & #
7
@ A
#
& & 7 F F
& # 7 F @ A F
#
@A
" 4' '
'
1 7 /
" '
/
F @ F / A F @A @ F / A
7
# $
@ A
@ /1 A@ F 1 A @ /1 A@ F 1 F 1 / A @ F 1 A
7
@ F 1 F 1 / A
6"
8
""
"
" '
6
"
8
""
" '
'
@: A
@ A '
6. : 8
" '
,
'
7
" '
/
.
7 @? G # " "
'
'
" ' $7 ? G
"
!
/
7 '
" '
.
7 Q $7 @? G
7 ? Q $ B G
- ' ' '
' ¾ 4
2 "
A & #
<$
" '
2 <
" '
"
" '
7 F F
&#
7 F
&
# &#
# '
"
&#
# '
'
@
A 7 I& @
A F # @
AJ I& @
A F # @
AJ )
I F @&# AJ
'
'
( "
'
' "
"
F
7 @&# A
&#
;
'
"
.
B: Q $ ?B G
@9 Q $9 @: G
'-
'
'
' 5 / $ (
-
6
8
!
6
8
"
"
+9
! * ! 8 ! - '
"
'
'
6
8
"
6 8 ' '!
"
!
2
"
%$ %$ $ +
2 "
T
"
" 6
8
' 4 &
.
'
' '
'
! *
*
'
!
" ' "
!
'
(
"
&
'
( &
"
&
-
7
" 9 Æ .
"
"
'
8
'
+ /
"
"
"
'
+
"
" O
*
'% ( +
#
" '
& C &
E" F
#
*
- % % - M 7 M
+
+
; 4 M
7 G
2 2
5
" G
7 @ F AM
; 4
& "
%
" '
'
! !
" G
6
& 8
! & ! % -
7 0
" "
>
&
'' 6 +
) ! " "%
( * M #
"
@ F AM M
(
7 7 7 %
= = 2 2 2
'
'
7 2
0 2 !
" '
'
'
N 7
@ F AM
7
=
M
M
M
N 7 I @ F A @ A J 7 @ A7
= = =
(
#
( "
6
8
' "
'
( *
'
" (
" ( "
"
'
4$? "
" +
" '
'
"
Æ
'
; '
"
"
& ! -
"
'
'
!
P
)
')
'* "
'. 2 #
7 - < " '
' " B 7 @ 79 79: :
7?: :7 7B: B?
" "
" P .
#
" <
7
7
P
' +
&
*
#
"
+
+
" # '
"
" " '
# '
@ < . 9 !C A L666.
" C IÆ
D
) :
'
"
" A ! 7 ! 4' '
"
@A , "
'
' "!
! ! )! * ,
# @A
"M
7 @ F @AA @A
#
# ' 3 !
A @A 7
@A!
'
@A
7
!
@A
>
(
@ F @AA
@A
!
7 "M
#
@A
!
#
@A
#
@A
@
F @AA !
7 "M
F
@A
!
#
@A
@A
!
7 "M
#
@A
!
#
4' !
(
Æ
# @A
@A
@A 7 "M
#
# @A
7
@A
@A
# M
"
7 '
@ 7 A 7 !
(
* A
7 Æ
# @A
7
F
@A
@A
@A
# "M
&
4' ' ' +
@A @A 7
"
# @A
7 @A
# M
"
¼
@A 7
@
A
M
"
, - * ! 9
! # ' "
+ "
'
#
'
4
&
" '
+
'
"
* # ' +
"
'
(
" '
-
+ *
(
" -
"
!
! # %
+
@A
# @A
7
F
@A
@A
@A
# M
"
@ A
# @A
F ¼
7 @A
@A
# "M
M
"
¼¼
¼¼
¼
@
A
@
A
@A 7
M
@A 7
¼¼
¼¼
¼
@
A
@ A
M
O . @ 7A
7
. + O
&
) +
6
8 " # &
! ! - ' # + "
@ A 7 % @ A @ A % @ A 7 % F
#
#
'
%
" % " ' 2 "
'
"
@A '
¼
@A 7
% @
A
M
"
¼ ¼ F ¼
7 %
M
"
¼ ¼
7 %
F
M
"
4
' % * < - 3
< -
*
"
! '
'
! * '
' +
7
7
M
M 7
7 FM
(
M
7
7
M
M 7
7 M
"
(
M #
"
"
;
6 !
8 ! - - *
% # ' & '
0 !
- ! - *
, M -
+
"
" 6#
%
! 8
&
"
!
¼
@A 7 %
M
"
¼ ¼
%
7
M
" "@ F A
%
¼
7
"M
"@ F A
%
7
M
" "@ F A
%
@@ F A/ A
7
M
"
%
!
"@ F A
@@ F A/ A
@A 7
M
@ F A
-
" '
(
"" "
+
;
6 '
" G.5U
8
( "! ! ! !
# '
' 6
@ 9 78
(
( "!
(
Æ @ F
A
"" "
!
% % %
@A 7 Æ @ F A 7 Æ @ F A 7 Æ @ F M
A
M
M
M
"" "
+
!
'
(
"
"
M
&
" '
+
"
6 8
(
"
(
"" "
+
'
" "
"
%
P 7 Æ @ F M
A
M
# ' 6" " 8
%
P 7 Æ @ A
M
M
-
!
(
'
- '
(
%
'
+
' '
*
'
'
+
-
+
'
"
+
&!
"
!
'
28 @! 5 -
+
!
- 7
' " "
"
+
'
#
%
P $ 7 5$ @ A
M
'
5$ @ A
+
#
6!
8
+
' "
" # '
!
'
)
AA 0 ( + 2!
'
(
' ! +
'
"" !
+ 6
8
"
**'
*
#
'
'
M
7 @ F A
#
'
"
""
+
¼
@A 7
@
A
M
"
M
3 ¼ F
7
M
"
M
3 ¼
7
"M
3
¼
M
7
"M
"
# 3
M $
7
M
% 3 &
M
3
7
3
M
M
7 3 "
@ ' / A
M
&'
M
7
!
@ ' / A
M
7
@ ' / A
M
. + ' !
'
"
+
'
#
"" '
'
. + # ' 6
8
"" '
. +
(
"" !
*
+ - '
'
'
+
""
7
-
"
) "
A#A 2 - + *
%
;
"
'
"" "
+
!
'
!
@@ F A/ A
@ F A
;
!
@@ F A/ A
!
@@N/ A
? @N F A 7
@ F A N
64
'
" " ; N 7
? @NA 7 '
N ? @NA
*
+ '
' N
N $ @NA? @NA 7 $ @N 7 A N ? @NA
!
@N/ A
7 $ @N 7 A N
N
!
@1 A
7 $ @N 7 A N
!1
@1 A
7 $ @N 7 A 1
1
&*
@1 A
7 $ @N 7 A 1
1
#
"
1 7
+
1 % 6
"
8
N $ @NA? @NA 7 $ @N 7 A
? @NA 7 Æ @NA
!
@@ F A/ A
7 Æ @ F A
@ F A
.
)% 2 #
7
+ '
7
@A 7 *
@A 7 / #
""
P
- "%
G 7 N
I
"" !
+ 6
+ 8 4'
"" !
U '
)' +
7
+
0
'
" 7
@A 7 F
;
""
U
#
0
"
'
"
P
&
- 4
4' ' '
' "! & '
"
(
'
7 M
" /! / 5
'
"
' ' "
.
)
+
.
" '
'
' (
*
.) +
#
'
<
, "
4
- , - ! '
M & * - 0
(
"
(
!
'
<,
! '
+
"
6! <,8
'
' '
+
" <
,
! '
+
"
/! / < "
'
"
+
@ < .
9
!C A L666.
" C
IÆ
D
* 3 8 2
<
. )
+ 6
7D 78
"
7 F
F % @
A
0 +1 * 7! !
+
" 6 8 ' ' '!
* * '
7
7
<
"
F
F % @
A
4' '
! !
" '
7
0
+
-,
' + 6-
" + ' "
"
(
*
8
@
A @
A
+
'
'
'
#
(
*
.) +
!2
7 M 0
" '
- - 7! 6 (
'
&&
+8
.M)
+ 6
B 79 78
"
@
A 7 @ +
A ' +
%
?1 7 %
#
' - - >
>
M
@
A 7 :Q @
A
+
%
>
M
@
A 7 :Q F
%
#
Q:
6 *
8
#
'
"
'
"
' ! - , ! -
,
.) +
/ '
" '
+ P < '
"
.M)
(
*
+
"
" " "
M - 7! -
-
.
'
+
"
' 6 (
8
#
' '
(
'
*
"
+
* #
" * *
> > F
<,
#
M
@
A 7 Q: >
F > F
%
5 "
"
# '
'
" "
'
4'
% ! 7! 6> 7 8
7
M
* 7 %*
7
:Q
%
#
6
'
'
'
"
8 , '
(
%
'
"
'
% +
! ! % '
' "
'
'
+
#
!
' (
*
.) + '
' " "
#
'
.)
4
'
&)
+
"
&
"
.) ' #
' (
*
.) + 6 (
8
.) +
"
#
'
(
(
.) +
)' 2
(
* 6
/
/
, 3 - !
! + !
%
P 7 Æ @ F M
A
M
' '
+
"
'
4
'
"
!
6
8 " '
3
- *
M
% 7 !
! 7 !
:Q
!
%
# %
M
P 7 !
:Q
! Æ @ F M
A
M
%
@ A
P 7 !
Q ! Æ @
: F M
A
%
# 6 8 +
" '
# '
'
# '
* # '
+ '
"
( " , +
"
! 6 5
8
/! /
*
+C
/ 3 +
#
'
"
" 6
7 7 78 ;
" '
"
'
*
'
" 4' ' '
!
'
'
' + '
6 8
!$ + 65 " 7 +
8 # '
!
+
"
% 7
! !
!
+ 65 ' (
+ "
*
"
" "
'
/ (
" '
)
'
8 , +
' "
'
+
+ 7 7 " +
+ 7 7 " +
+ 7 7 " +
7 " + 7 +
' # ' -
6
B 79 8 "
" '
+
6-
+
' + 8
*
6
$
+
4' ' + 6
8
"
'
( ' ' "
2
P 7
P % + %
@ A P 7 A
@ M
P
= =
%
% @ A .
7 ! Q
: ! Æ @
F M
A
@ MA
%
.
7 ! :Q. ! Æ @ F M
A
M
.
@M
AR/ M
7 ! :Q. ! Æ @ F M
A
M
.
.
7 AR/ ! Q
@M : ! Æ @
F M
A
M
.
R/ ! :Q. !
7
M .
P 7
@ A
R/ !
:Q. !
M .
" '
+
' *
(!
6
B 79 8
I ' 8
)
*% + 6
#
'
" +
F '
+
2
(
' "
' ( '
"
' "
*
'
+ ! 3
-
.
'
!
-
<
7 F %
I%
J 7
M
I
J 7
"
' ' 7 I J
! :Q
! :Q !
!
"
7 : ! I
Q
J !
M
"
7 @ AQ
: !
!
M
"
@ A
7 ! :Q
!
M
(
. A
'
#
'
6
8
! :Q
! 7
R4
Q
:
4
7
R4
Q
:
Q4
:Q
Q
!
7 :
! F :
! F :
: F ": : F ":
7 : 4 F 4 F 4
!
: F ": : F ":
! :Q
! 7
R4
: 4 F 4 F 4 4
"
"!
' !
' '
'
P 7
@ A
R/ !
:Q.
!
M .
)
"
@
7
@
A
R/ M A
! :Q
!
M
.
(
7
!
R/ ! :Q
.
!
- "
P 7
(
!
R/ ! :Q
.
# '
+
.7
(
R/
! ! : 4 : F ": : F ": !
7
F 4 F 4
.
( R !
F ": : F ":
4
/
:
7 R4
: 4 F F
.
4 4
# '
! :Q
!
!
'
! " Æ " '
9@! & !! - *
" # ' '
'
-
' 4 6 !
- !! - * = > 64
' "
+
7 ' ' '! " '
8
'
'
6'
8
4 @ !A4 @ !A 7
@
F A@ F A
@
F
A
4 @ !A
! @ F A
(
"
*
'
"
$I
64
"
'
'
'
! !
' 8 6
" (
'
' ! &
! 6
) *"
D?8 8
;
@4 A
@4 A
"
$
I
'
9@! Æ
4 @ !A4 @ !A 7
@
F A
@
F
A
4 @ !A
! @ F A
)
@ F A
R4
4 4 7
! @ F A
: F ": : F ":
R4
: 4 F 4 F 4 4
@ F A : F ": : F ":
7 :
F
F
! @ F A
-
"
$I
Æ
(
%
" '
"
'
" *
2
(
'
"
@ F A
! :Q
! 7
@ F A
:F ": : F ":
:
F
F
# !
'
7
'
* * F
" '
+
" N 7 ;
"
$I
Æ
" ' " *
# !
'
4
'
7
N 7
# !
'
*
% !
"
$I
Æ
'
N
7
#
'
'
N8 7
#
2
" '
+
"
&
.
"
. 6.78
<
!
. 6.8
)
6)78 '
"
'
" (
"
7 H 7 7
!
- 3 A
. '
)!
*'
6
(
"
P 7
(
R/
!
R4
: 4 F
: F ":
F
: F ":
4
.
4 4
' *
7
P 7
(
R/
!
R4
: 4 F
: F ":
F
: F ":
4
.
4 4
7
!
7
*
7
*
7 @!OA
*
7 ! *
: F ": : F ":
R 4 : 4 F 4 F 4 4
: F ": : F ":
7 R : 4 F 4 F 4 4
!
: F ": : F ":
7 : Æ F Æ F Æ
!
R
4 : 4 F
: F ":
4 F
: F ":
4 4
7 : Æ F @: F : A@Æ F Æ A
!
0
* ' '
"
"
&
'
F ": : F ":
:
R 4
: 4 F 4 F 4 4
)'
7
: Æ F @: F : A@Æ F Æ A
!
7 : F @: F : A@ F A
7
: F : F :
7
,
*
'
'
* "
'
*
0
'
2 *
*
"
:Q
+ 7
'
*
%
'
' +
*
% !
6
*
8
(
@ A@! A ! *
!( ! *
P 7
7
)
*) : $ = 5 +
- ' %
'
*
"
'
'
+
' *
6
8
&
+
# "
'
.7
P 7
(
!
R/ ! :Q
.
(
P 7
! :Q
R/ !
.
(
P 7
:Q
R/
.
(
P 7
V
R/
.
#
V
" '
*
:Q -
*
$
"
"
$I
Æ
)*
0 ! ' * 6 8
'
:Q
:Q 7 +Q
+ " '
'
" !
:Q
'
$
θ r ni
Θ2
Θ1
ε2
ε1
%
-
V 7
!
V 7
!
V
' *
%
"
P 7
(
V
R/
(
.
P 7
R/
(
P 7
@ A
(
P 7
@ A@ A
)
(
P 7
@ A
(
P 7
(
P 7
(
&
P 7
!(
P 7
'
*
!(
P 7
#
+
;
¼ ¼ ¼ F D
"
$I
Æ
"
' 6 ) *"
9?@8
( 2
(
P 7
!(
/ &
7
F
¼ ¼
' '
!
7
#
7
7
!(
!(
F
P 7 7
)
'
)&
**
#
"
0 !
7
#
(
P 7
(
R/
!
R4
: 4 F
: F ":
F
: F ":
4
.
4 4
#
'
' "
'
*
'
7 #
!
R4 : 4 F
: F ":
4 F 4 4
: F ":
7 : Æ
F @: F : A@Æ
F Æ A
!
7 @: F : A
!
'
'
7
'
0
* /
' "
*
#
: F : #
'
*
;
! 7
$*
,
*
"
$*
/
: F : 7 F /
- '
7
:
:
"
!
/
*. ( &
! #
'
" '
!
#
.
" (
" '
4 #
4
"
6
+
8 " *
' "
-
"
!
7
#
.!
" '
!! 3 '
"
$I
Æ
"
'
"
'
4
4
!
' %
% "%
% 7
))
% 7 %
#
0
% 0 '
@
$7 L7
#
$.!
(
% 0 (
7
@ (
% (
< (
6
8 (
"
(
"
(
"
(
% (
-
@ 6-
' !
' " 7
4
"
'
N 7 F
"
*
6
' 8
!
*
#
-
'
"
7 ) + '
'
"
"
"" "
' "
#
""
'
P 7
P
""
!
'
7 #
(
'
7 P
; '
"" ! '
"" "
@A
7 P @A
+ &
(
@A 7 @ 7 A $
-
" "
!
"
"
7
"
' "
(
> @A
7 P > @A
' '
"
!
# +
'
I 7
P
* 9 / 9 !
4' '
;
"
# !
'
"
M
N N
"
'
P
M
N
# " ( -
"" "
'
@A 7
@A
@A
# !
;
(
! @ A @A
7
7
"@ F "
A
"
7
@ F " A
# (
""
6
7 M A
= @ A 7 ! @ A 7
@ A F
"
" - :9$* -
"
* " ; #
< ) 6;#<)8 P
!
/ $#
' "
"
+
'
P
Æ@ A
;
7
' 2 *
#
;#<)
'
@ '
? 8 A@ * 8 A
N 7 MP 7 ! %
*
?/ %
" 7 G
'
"
-
'
"
!
! # !
!
. )7 ' "
' '
A A ( 6 J * ? $!
#
+
- '
'
"
(
$(
"
'
A
"
"
5
" '
""
'
'
-
'
'
-
" '
$'
' " " "
'
9
" '
P 7 > ) ) 7 9
'
"
'
#
7 +'
+'
C' 7
+'
P 7 9
'
"
'
-
$
" (
& "
"
!
" $( & # ! '
(
=
'
'
'
N 7
N +' /
+'
7 7
"
'
;
'
" '
& #
/
'
!
" "
'
'
'
&
" '
+
(
"
'
"
" " "
&
' 0
<
7
/
/
7 7
N
7
; 7 <
" 7 G 7B? ) G
,
& "
+
* / 6
A A
1)
+
-
$
'
$
" " ;
" "
$ " " "
,
&
+
'
$"
'
!
,
'
"
6" 8
$
)> "
+
-
'
!
/
$
6
8 "
#
$
<,
'
""
7 $ %
&'
6
" " 8 '
65 "
"
!
)> " &
"
'
"
6
" (
8
"
' "
N
7 @' 'A
'
! ) ' "
(
A A ? +5
0
+
.
5
'
0 .5
'
0 .5
, (
'
"
" 6
8
+ 6'
' $
"
" 8
M
@
A 7 Q
: >
F > F
%
< E F
"
0
' '
"
-
("
' "
' "
("
"! "
'
#
(" !
0 .5
'!
"
" " 0 .5
%
' +
'
'
"
("
-
'
' -
' "
'
"
-
"
0 .5
"
" ' ;
< $4
0 .5
' -
C'
"
" -
+
<
9
:
4
<
2 !
.7
! 4
<
$
'
4
4
4'
4
4
(! $
"
!!
2 1S 0 collision (2p) (5s)
5
visible laser
5
2 3S 1 collision (2p) (4s)
IR laser 5
(2p) (3p)
5
(2p) (3s)
1 1S 0 (2p)
6
He Ne
'
%
"
"
'
"
" '
("
'
"
' "
'
"
"
! !
"
high
voltage
!'
*
A A
5 0
!*
* "
A #A + *
2! - @% /
#
@
A @
A
+
; +
+
#
7 7
@
A
+
#
- 7
7 +
@
A
+
4
.) '
'
+
C 7 F - 7 ! F+
@
A 7
+
@
A
+
& &
(
%
%
?1 7
A #A @ 2
-
>
+
'
" "
,
'
'
%
7
A
@ M
; 2 I
5 " '
'* %
Æ
P $ 7 2 $ Æ $
$
@ MA
- "
'
'
+
'
"!
#
"
'
'
'
'
%
!*
A #A + -
5
#
@ A
R/ !
:Q !
P 7
M
0 !
:Q
7
( 7 (
M
(
(
M
(
+
+ 7 7 7
M
M
M
(
"(
F
@ A
P 7 @! A (
M
(@ A
7 @! A (
M
(@ (
A
7 @! A (
M
(
7
M
(
7
M
@ ' 4 % A
/8
7 @ 3/
A
@ A@) 4 % < A
" :
*% 2 #
7
.
"
4
;
.
)
4 "
6
! 8 #
)7
P
'
7
'
' .7
'
' .
)7
9
8
:
?
' <
7 #
'
*
#
""
'
'
' "
0 * P
@
8
"
'
'
"
"
2
!
*' +
7
7 ' K '
'
P #
' "
*
0 $
"
P
" '
7
8
" '
'
7
8
"
'
6
7 8
' ! - +
'
' .7
7
7
9
&
@
(
% @A 7 Æ @
A
' !
"
" / '
'
:
H
'
' ! U!'
% @
A 7 2
&
@(
H
6
G 8
I
'
!&
.
'
@ <
.
. "
. 2 #
7
8
"
'
'
"
"
2
. +
7
&
@
(
% @A 7 Æ @
A
' !
"
" / '
'
H
'
' ! U!'
% @
A 7 2
&
@(
H
6
G 8
I
'
!)
1
9 % ,
'
" '
7D
7D: "
!
7D
-
""
'
, <! * 7!
'
(
- '
$
'
%
- / " 7DB
'
+ '
(
*
"
' "
"
"
)
" ,
- 7! '
+ ! -
!
"
( &
-
7D9
$
'
' '
$
"
!
*
"
4 2!
6; 8 ' (
"
$
' !
4
"
7D? '
"! ' '
' "
; ' " "
' !
7D@
'
- @ *
- * ! & '
/
'
' !
' " "
; 6I 8
)
2
'
' (
*
.) + '
<
' ' '! '
;
-
' ' ' +
' (
'
0
<
+
' "
'
'!
'
#
'
!
' "
' ' '
+
+ 4 +
3
% -
' 0
-
' '
(
+
# '
? * * - !
!
@@ @XA 7 ' %
0
2 (
# #
7
# @X #@
!
'
@
(
"
-
Æ @@ @X A 7
'
+
0
@@ A 7
@X
'
%
@
#
7
# @X
; ! *
0 0
7
; #O
7 3OX 4
#
'
4 U
2
3
+9
? * * +,
"
" ;
' "
#
#
#
#
#
F 7
# # @#O/#A # # @#O/#A #O
5
0
O
0 !
"
0
O
%
#
7 OX
# OX
-
O@ A 7!
'
- '
+9? * * , . * ! ,
2
'
#O
7 3OX 4
#
# # # # #
F 7
# # @#O/#A # # @#O/#A #O
# #O
7 4
# @#O/#A #
!
#
7 3OX
# @#O/#A
#O
4 F 3O- F 7
#
4 #O
O- 7
3 #
% , - *
'
' (
"
' '
'
' "
+ 3 3
'
7! !7 ! %
! ; ' ' '
7! 6
+ .M)8
!@
A
!
+
% ! ! ? <
A 7 !
@
!@
A
. $0
(
#
#
#
#
#
F 7
#
# @#!/#
A # # @#!/#A #!
4
+
(
'
(
' "
+ '
(
%
-
!
+
(
# ' '
- & 6
8
0
! " + '
7
I !
! 3 9 '
7 9 ! '
! %
@ A 7 @ 1 0 " A
@ A 7 @ 1 0 A
# '
-
' '
"
'
7 F 1 F 0
4 '
'
!
'
$
C #
"
"
'
'
E ' F
' '
"
!
"
"
"
'
"
'
'!
2
' !
" !
0
*
" '
7 1 1
64
' ' ' % ! ! 0
I ! 8
? < -9
'
9 " 9 '
% -
3
1 7 1
'
'
% -
7 1
1
G '
" " <
!
'
0 *
0 * "
D ED
1 7
ED D
# ' !
0
*
"
- ? < '
" ; 0
"
@
A 7 @A
0
'
'
9$ '
'
' " #
!
' '
#
1 7 1
# #1 # #
7 7 1
#
#
#1 #1
- & %
7 1 1
#
'
#
'!
. $0
(
5 "
+ ! 0
*
# # F # #
#
7
#
# @#!/#
A # # @#!/#A
# # F # #
#!
#
7
#
# @#!/#
A # @" A # @#!/# @" AA
#
#!
# #
7
# # @#!/# A #!
!
.
(
0
*
4' ' '
7 ! ? * * - 7!
0
!
- ! ! ! 3
!
'
S
# '
'
%
,
'
+
0
'
6
8
#! #!
7 F 3 !
#1 #1
3
'
' % +
5 "
!
#
0
. $0
(
#
#!
F 3 ! 7
# #
# #
! 3 ! 7
# #
¾!
3 !7
!
'
; 9@! , - (
%
7! - '
(
>
(
" "
% * - *
>
(
#
N
$I
(
" ' 6
7 " C8
F
7
- '
(
!
$
>
(
+
! !% % 65 "
>
(
"
+
8
'
0
' (
F-G 7!
+ 6
(
8 0
5@ A
"
'
!5
0
#! #!
7 F3 ! F !5
#1 #1
' (
¾! 3 ! 7 5
" "
7! * !
'
A 7 5@ A 7 AÆ @
5@ A
A
-
'
' +
#!
7
#
!!
. $0
(
"
! 3 ! 7 AÆ @
A
# ' % - 7! -
* 2 - +
; "
Z@ + A 7
! !@
A
@ A
Z
!@
A 7 + ! @+ A
@ A
# ' & - - !
(
! 3 !
7 AÆ @ A
@
! 3 !A 7
AÆ @
A
@ A
@ A
A
@
! 3 !A 7
@ A
@ A
A
@+ 3 A! 7
@ A @ A
A
@+ 3 A!Z 7
@ A
Z A
! 7
@ A @+ F 3 A
'
'
" '
+ &
+
#
'
2 - - 7! - - '
-
& ' '
+
"
(
A
!@
A 7 +
@ A @ A @+ F 3 A
A
7 +
@ A @+ F 3 A
A
!
7 + +
@ A @+ F 3 A
A
+
7
!
+
@ A @+ F 3 A
A
+
7
! +
@ A
A
@+ F 3 A "+
+
7
+
@ A "
@+ F 3 A
!'
A
+
7
+
@ A "
@+ F "3A@+ "3A
' '
'
2
*
* ! ! 3 ( "
-
'
(
(
-
" +
'
* ! %
+ 7 "3
+ 7 "3
* ! C * 3 ' '
*
2
*
+
: *
+
+
.
+
'
" '
Imaginary
pole
ιµ
Real Axis
−ιµ
+ 7 "3
+
"3
7 7
+ F "3
"3 F "3
*
+
"
"
'
"
3 +
+
+ 7 "
@+ F "3A@+ "3A + F "3
+ "3
+ 7 "
@+ F "3A@+ "3A "3 F "3
!*
+
+
+
+ F 7 "
@+ F "3A@+ "3A @+ F "3A@+ "3A
+
7 +
+
¼
+
@+
A F
+ 7 "
@+
F "3A@+
"3A @+ F "3A@+ "3A
+
¼ +
+ F
+ 7 "
+
F 3 + F 3
7 +
+
+
+
+
+ F 7 "
+ F 3 + F 3
+ +
+
+ 7 "
+ F 3 + F 3
+
+
7 "
+ F 3
' '
;
' '
A
+
!@
A 7
+
@ A "
+ F 3
A
!@
A 7 "
@ A "
A
!@
A 7
!
+
&
% 7! - 3
& -
0
0
0
'
'
'
'
+
A 7 5@A 7 AÆ @
5@ A
4'
<
7 !5
#
7 !X 7 7 !5
# !X
7
%
A
A
7 ! 5 7 AÆ @
A 7
!
!
!
#
$
' !
P & - < '
"
' <
' "
; -
"
"
' " '
,
'
" '
'
A
'
+
-
' ' ' !
-
< /
" +
#
- 7!
0
0
*
#
- 7! 4'
' '
!&
0 2 1
6
= 2"
;9
= $
#
+
!
I
' 2 "
)
#
+
+
'
'
"
"
'
-
5 <! 0 %!9? < '
+
" !
"
!
-
-
!
!
!
(7
M ! M
-
"
" '
"
)'
'
,
(
"
" '
+
1 38 +, I
- 7
F
#-
7
#
7 !5
F
# !
- 7
#
? < 2
7
F A
< @ -
#
'
5
* < $0
*
(
"
- 7
F
#-
7
#
7 5
F #
- 7
#
< 7 F
@ A
-
(
!
, ' "
7 6
M 7 8 " ' '
!)
3
+
0
* " ' "
"
.
# '
" ' !
'
.$+
/$+
.$+
0
* #
+
6
8 "%
0
*
' (
'
.
)
+
& =
>
- - "
-
<1 7
- "
- - "
" " "
+
" '
% 6'
0
* 8
"!A
7 @
#1 #
<1 7
# #1
4
"
7
=> 1 3 ,
7! +
# '
1 3 ,
9$
7 @ " 5A
#<1
7
#1
'
'
16
9 !
& &
E
I
(
(
( 7
'
F
,
2 (
*
;
%-
- ,
+
* "
0 ! &$
+
!
68 +
+
- 7
#
7 !
#
# #
A 7 -
< 7 7 @
# #
# #
< 7
7 @
A 7 -
# #!
# #
# # # # @"!A #! #
< 7 7 7 " F 7 " F 7 "
# # " # # # # # #
!
0 & 1 3 ,
'
#<1
7
#1
#< " 5
7
#
# @" A
7 "5
#
#
7 5
#
7 5
# '
"
!
0
*
+
-
9 / 3
' ! ? * * - 7! # !
'
#<1
7
#1
'
! 0
+
%
3
"
"
<1 <1 7 @- A
,
1.@ <1 <.@ 7 -
"
$
.)
!
'
'
+ '
!! , ' !
'
' +
0
'!
+
'
'
0
' '
7 <1 <1 F
!
-
'!
'
0
' '
+
! '
. $0
(
#
#
#
7
#1 # @# /#1 A #
#1 # #1
#
7 <1 <1 F 7 F
#
!
#
#@
#.
! #
#@
#1
#.
#
#1
7
# @# /#1 A ! # /#1 #. #@ #. #@
!
#
#@ #@ #@ #.
7
! # /#1
#
#. #.
#1
#. #@
7 !
! #1 #
7 <1 7 <1
# #
<1 7
#1 #
#
<1 7
#1
#
<1 7
#1
4
'
+ '
(
H
9$ (
+9? * * , * & 1 38
, '
0
% +
-
*
'
0
" +
'
- - #9% ! !
7!A #
<1
#
" '
'
9$
+
'
+
! 1 *
- #9% 7! A
#
- 7! 0 !
<
'
#
# #
#
7 7
# @# /#A # # @# /# A #
# % "
#
7 <1
# @# /#1 A
'
'
#
7 <
# @# /# A
#
7 @< A
#
#
7 < F <1 <1
# !#
7 < < F
F <1 <1
## !
7 < < F F <1 <1
! #
#
7 < < < F <1 <1
# !
#
7 < F @- A
#
!
# @"!A
7 @ F - A "
#
#!
7 @ F - A F
#
- '
" 6
+ *
+
8
'
* '
#
'
7 @ F - A
' 65 "
+
"
" !
I
8 # '
" '
+ '
(
<
$ (
' " Æ
#
0
* '
<
7 F
F
: 5"
#
6
7D 8
)
,
'
E
+ F ' !
- % 7! * *
+ <1
5
.
)
'
4
'
" " "
# '
(
" ' '
(
)' 2 (
#<1
7
#
#1 #1
#
7
#1 # #1
# #1 #
7
#1 # 1 #
# # #1
7
#1 # #1
#
" (
"
#1
7
#1
!
? < !
#
F
#1 #
¾ 7
#1
1 3 , ? < !
'
¾ 7
* * -! " I
"
'
" '
#S
F
#
¾S 7
- ! ? < ! '
+ (
#
'
'! '
+
! !
3 4
"
9
3
#
' (
*
+ .
/ + '
' ' "
- " " + 7! ! 73! * - +1
! - % * *
0
*
"
.
;
'
7D
'
"
" '
'
.)
#
'
$ <
7
@
A F F
- !
'
<
6
8
'
+
7 4
'
<
-
'
"
-
*
7
' & * * - "
S
#S
7
#
'
0 * '
7
! 9$ * 0 * ' '! #
'
- 7
' ¾ 7 ' ' !
'
¾S 7 -
'
'
F
7
7
7
# ' '
+ '
7 # '
(
- 7
#
7
#
#
7
#
! '
3
/ 6 &
# ' '! " % 7 ! !
! $
' # '
! *
'
! ! 7
7 # ! 7!
2 7
@
7 A 7
:Q 2
F @ 7 A
%2 @ 7 A
%2
%
2
'
:Q2
%2
Æ
' '
' +
*
:Q2 ,
'
' *
" !
:Q
:Q
+ - * !! *
'
+ 7
"
*
¼
7 Æ
¼
%
¼
:Q2 :Q2 7 Æ22¼
# !
'
! ! - % )' 2 (
%2 @A 7
%2 @A
'
7 + #
' '
% - - !
@
A 7
:Q 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
# '
&
'
"
"
,
' '
9$ +
'
"
+ 7 7 @+ + + "+ A 7 @+ + + " A
M
+ 7+7
+
#
'
+
'
@
A 7
Q: 2
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%
2
" "
%
%
+
@
A 7
:Q 2
%2 @A F
%
2
! *
@
A 7
:Q 2
%2 @A F
%
2
4
'
+ "
:Q2
' '!
'
7
9$
7
: 2
F
%2 @A
%
2
! '
" '
9$
$
0 2 %-
! - ! 7! 7 1 3 ,
% -
(
+
¾ 7
: 2
: 2
¾
%2 @A F 7
%2 @A¾ F
%
2 %
2
7
: 2
F 7
%2 @A@+1 +1 A
%
2
*
+1 +1 7 + + 7
0 2 %-
7
:Q 2
F 2
F
%2 @A 7
%2 @AQ
:
% 2 % 2
7
2
%2 @AQ
: + F 7
%
2
* " :Q2 + 7
2 / 6 3
#
' '
0 - Æ
%2 @A
" ' ' 0 - ! , <
- 7! # '
6'
!
$ 8 #
0 !
-
+1 7!
#
7 < F <1 <1
# #1
#1
# !
# # # #
7 F
#
# #
#
#
#1 #1
# #1
#1 #
! # #1
7 F
# # # # # #1
!
4' - % - +
7
: 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
#
7
: 2
%2 @A@"+1 A F
%2 @A@"+1 A
#1 %
2
#
7 "
: 2 + @A
%2 @A
1
%2
#1 %
2
#
7
: 2
%2 @A
%2 @A
# %
2
#
+
<
/
" ' *
*% < #
9$ +1
*
:2
9$
+ '
+ '
: * I
"!
<
'
# #
#1 #1 #1 #
7 F
# # # # # #1
# #
7 F @ A
# #
# #
7
# #
" '
*
'
' "
*
*$
64
+
" " '
8
<
'
<
7
#
'
'
* '
' + "
'
+ ' "
" "
' '
& ' "
¼
7 Æ ¼
%
7
# #
7
# #
#
7
: 2
%2 @A
%2 @A
# %
2
! &
# #
7
# #
7
%2 @A
%2 @A
%
2
7
#
$
%2 @A
%2 @A
%2 @A
%2 @A
2
7
# @A @A F @A @A$
%2
%2
%2
%2
7
#
2
$
%2 @A
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%2 @A
%2
, < 7! #
"
!
-
"
0
*
"
"
@ - A
' !
'
.
/
+ 6
7
'
! '
H '
+
7 + 8
4
#
'
0 - ! 7!
7
# @A
$
%2
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%2 @A
%2
- ' 0 7 , <! 9 % - 9
! !! 0 +
%2 "
; Æ
-
%2 7
%2
#
-
7
#
$
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
%2
'
& & 0 - - ! H
'
*
# '
'
<
%
"
"
" <
F #
& '
! -
!
B
%2 7 @
%2 F
%2 A
C*
"
%2 7 @
%2
%2 A
! )
0 -
7
# F B $
%2
%2
%2
7 @
%2
%2 A F @
%2 F
%2 A
# @
%2
7
%2
%2 A F @
%2 F
%2 A
$
#
%2
7
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
$
#
%2
7
$
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
%2
+
<
#
!
! ! -
0 8 ,
+ (
#
7 X
%2
#B
%2
"
B
%2 7 @ X
%2 X
%2 A
"
@
%2 F
%2 A 7 @"
%2 "
%2 A
@
%2 F
%2 A 7 @
%2 F
%2 A
! ,N
, - 0
#
7 BX
%2
#
%2
%2 7 @ X
%2 F X
%2 A
"
@
%2
%2 A 7 @"
%2 F "
%2 A
" "
@
%2
%2 A 7 @
%2
%2 A
! % ! 7! ! !
#
'
+
(
*
!
% 8 = / &
$ (
"
" !
(
' !
'
'
! ! ! * !
A ; I J 7
; I J 7 &
'
&
#
'
IB
%2
¼ %2¼ J 7 "MÆ
¼ Æ22¼
IB
%2 B
¼ %2¼ J 7
I
%2
¼ %2¼ J 7
/ ' ' ! '
B
'
' '
' ' +
* ! *
#
' " '
<
7 M
;'
'
%2 7 @ B %2 F " %2 A
M
%2 7 @ B %2 " %2 A
M
%2 %2 7 @ B %2 " %2 A@ B %2 F " %2 A
M
7 @ B %2 F %2
F " B %2 %2 " %2 B %2 A
M
M
7 @ B %2 F %2
F " B %2 %2 " @B %2 %2 F AA
M
"
7 @ B %2 F %2
M A
M
%2 %2 F 7 @ B %2 F %2
A
M
%2 %2 F M 7 @ B %2 F %2 A7
7 %2 %2 F M
%
0 ! - !
#
'
I
%2
%2 J 7 '
7
% &
%2
%2 7 I @ B
%2 F "
%2 A @ B
%2 "
%2 AJ
M M
7 I B
%2 F "
%2 B
%2 "
%2 J
M
7 @" IB
%2
%2 J F " I
%2 B
%2 JA
M
!
7 @M
F M
A
M
7
+
'
,
' " *
'
I
%2
¼ %2¼ J 7 Æ
¼ Æ22¼
64
" !
( 8
<
'
'
7
' !
'
"
'
6
D 8
'
<
'
%2
%2 7
%2
%2
%2
%2 7
%2 F
%2 F
%2
!
* % '
' !
'
'
7
'
+
7
%2
%2 F 7 >
%2 F
M M
> %2 7 %2 %2
* ! * - *
Æ
%2 7 @ B
%2 F "
%2 A
M
B
%2 7 @
%2 F
%2 A
"
%2 7 @
%2
%2 A
"
%2 7 @ @
%2 F
%2 A " @
%2
%2 AA
M
7 @@
%2 F
%2 A F @
%2
%2 AA
M
7 @
%2 F
%2 F
%2
%2 A
M
7 @
%2 A
M
7
%2
MM
%2 7
%2
!
'
M
%2 7
%2
' '
Æ
+ (
'
Æ % %
' +
-
' "
%2
- % '
'
"
+
*
:Q2 -
" '
"
+
*
:Q2 #
"
"
6
8
"
%2
%2
%2 7
%2
%2
%2
" '
'
* ! ! %
" '
#
' '
"
%2
%2
%2 7
' @
%2 A
%2 O
"
F '
$
'
! * -
- ; ' '
'
' '
I
%2
¼ %2¼ J 7
%2
¼ %2¼ 7
¼ %2¼
%2
!
! *
) 3 &
'
*
- !
-
'
* - 9 6
8
'
'
F
F
$
F¼ 7
F
! *
F F ¼ 7 F
¼ F
-
'
- - <
!
* 8 = 6 3
; Æ
+
' " !
M
%2
%2
M
%2
%2
M
2
F
7 :
%2 @A
%2 @A
%
2
'
"
$
*
7! , <! 7!
<
" '
7
#
$
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
%2
7
M
%
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
&
M % F &
%2
7
%2
%2
%2
%2
%2
7 >
%2 F
M
%2
; '
6 + 8
-
'
' + * 4
+
C
,
"
+ #
" + "
+
"
*
!
- %
+
"
Æ
'
'
'
' *
!
'
-
'
"
7
M >
%2
%2
#
"
"
+
" *
7
6
8
+
" 6
8
7
7
M + >
-
%2 F
%2
! !
"
+ *
7
M + >
%2
%2
#
"
'
<
'
'
*
" '
%2
%2 7
%2 F I
%2 J 7 F M
%2 7 M
%2
M
%2 7
%2 F I
%2 J 7 F M +
%2 7 M
+
%2
M +
"
7 F @
A
7 @M A @M
+ A 7 M
7
' '
"
'
*
.
)
' "
*
(
* +
" "
' *
'
'
*
*
! 0
* # !
'
6
B D8 '
#
'
'
#
H
+
" *
, ' ( ' *
'
'
"
"
:Q 7 @Q
:
":Q A
*
Q: '
7
2
+ :Q 7 #
+
" .
/ + '
!
7
"
+
/
<
!
$7
'
* +
+
#
'
' (
*
+
! '
. " / 3 &
! ! Æ
;
+
M
%2 @A 7
%2
M
%2 @A 7
%2
'
<
"
6
7 ?8 -
'
(
"
- @A 7 I - @AJ
M
" "
X
%2 7 I
%2 @AJ 7 @M
A
%2 @A 7 "
%2 @A
M
M
"
X
%2 7 I
%2 @AJ 7 "
%2 @A
M
! ! !! Æ
;
%2 @A 7
%2 @A
%2 @A 7
%2 @A
#
' '
(
*
+
7
7
M : 2
F @A
%2 @A
%2
%
2
9$ - 7!
7!
0
+
$ 6
64+ 3 3
+
!
>
%2 7
%2
%2
," " '
" '
' 8 73 - ! & 7! ;
+ !
'
' ! '
,
. ) + * "
"
* + C '
!
, % - 7!
! *
% #
#
7
M : 2 @A
#
7
%2
F
%2 @A
%
2
M
2
7 :Q %2 @A F %2 @A
M
%
2
7 " :Q 2
%2 @A
F @A
%2
%
2
" M 2
7 :Q %2 @A %2 @A
M :Q 2
%
2
"
7
%2
%
2
7
M
%
7
M
2
%
64
'
& * ,
'
8
'
+
/
7
*
"
+
"
+
'
&
' !
- 7! J " (
-
(
' " +
+
'
. +
!
(
- ' " N% 7 N7
' +
M
N7
'
"
& *
C
.
+ ! : 7! ! -
"
'
I @A - @
AJ 7 " M
Æ @8 7 @
A @
A A
*
'
"
$!
'
9< - !
"
!
' "
%
"
N> N! '
"
;
>
"
!
,
.
% -
% %
* -
(
&
"
" '
(
"
.M) "
-
% * ! *
/
6
B 78 '
(
* +
! !
0
7 F
F % @
A
7 F
@
A F
7 F
; '
- 7 3 -
M
7
F
9
; '
' %
+
'
"
<
'
" '
; "
6 @ 78 '
! '
" ' +
3 -
* 0 " '
"
"
!
! - ! 0
' #
'
" 7 T %2
'
+
# ' +
- - 7!
%2
" " #
'
<
6
8
' %
" 7 T
%2
T
%2
M
7 T %2 :Q2 %2 @A F %2 @A T %2
M
%
4)
" 7 T %2 :Q2
%2 @A T %2
%
! &
M
7 T
%2 :Q2
%2
T
%2
%
M
%2
7
:Q2
%
-
" 7 T
%2 F
T
%2
M
" 7 T
%2 F :Q2
%2 @A
T
%2
%
M@
%2 F A
7
:Q2
%
F
6
B 78
6" / 6 /
-
'
6
B 78
'
<
'
.) +
<
@ A
P 7 !
Q ! Æ @
: F M
A
%
#
* +
"
P 7
@ A
R !
:Q. !
M .
(
+
/ 7 7 M
+ (
M
7
(
(
M
(
+
7
M
(
4
'
!
"
&
" '
'
+
! +
'
! +
3 #
.7
6
B :8
N 7
! )
N
7
N8 7
* + !
! ! ! ! < -
"
"
*
"
P 7
@ R !
:Q . !
A
/
M
!
.
(
R/ : F ": : F ":
4
.
R4 : 4
F 4 F 4
* % < ! * * % ! '
(
+
!(
P 7
<
" '
+
;
'
% 7 '
&
(
( 2
(
P 7
!(
/ &
7
F
¼ ¼
A A :
! + 3
'
+
.7
"
7 " +
F
' '
! " ' # '
'
'
" +
"! @ +
A@Q:. A ! '
' '
U
! '
' '
" * 3
-
'
+ !
A ! :Q.
'
!
7 #
(
" 7
.
! !
" -
7 '' & '
!!
& C
% * !!
! = >
'
'
#
$.!
D
' " "!
-
"
:
6 8
' '
:
'
'
:.
@ +
A@Q A 7 I@ :.
A@Q
+ A F @ :.
A@Q
+
AJ F I@ :.
A@Q
+ A @ :.
A@Q
+
AJ
7
! ! 9
"
7
! :.
I@ +
A@Q A F @
+ :.
A@Q
AJ ! 7 + ! I
F
J ! :Q.
"
7 + ! I
J ! :Q.
M
"
.
7 + !
! :Q
!
-
% - A
Æ
Æ * " + :Q 7
:
! 7 H
$
H
"
7% -
- 4
! = 9
>
:.
I@+
A@Q A @ :.
A@Q
+
AJ 7 @ :. A @
+ Q A
! ! - .
. 3 %
65 "
$
8
7
" 3 !! - 4 4
*
7
! + 4 ! "
(
- ! *
F
+
"
* !
'
+
"
'
.
)7
M
@+ :Q. A
9
<
" "
!!
- 0
!* "
"
"
7
'
"
'
#
.7
+ ! 1
% - - ! - !
- - -
!
1# 1 6 +
#
/! /
%
! 7! !
+ '
,
0 2 & & A -FD
- F D 2 '
># )
3
7 7
3
>&
3
- , '
># P4)4 7 >& P
># P
7
>& P4)4
#
%
! ! #
" '
"
A
@
%2 F A -
:Q 2
>#
7
P
7
%2 -
>& P4)4
:Q 2
'
-
:Q2 :Q2
- 7
:Q2
7 -
#
+ : 7
3 3 C*
-
'
' !
" (
'
># @
%2 F A
7 7
3
>&
%2
7
%2 @
3 A
%2 7
3
!!
4'
- %
&
" "
"
"
*
-,
% @ F A % ! "
"
"
"
(
"
M
C @ A 7 !+ +
3
M
+
C @ A 7 &
+
3
& M
C @ A 7
3
&
C @ A 7 C @ A 7
3
- & ! % A
!!
'
-
'
' $
"
+
*
:Q " " "
! 7 '
' $
" +
*
Q:
6
8
6
8
' ' '
3 -
0 ! 7
¼
7 T +
:Q2 "T +:Q2
@A
7 F
(
! 9
(
;
+
!
¼ %2¼
%2
%2
¼ %2¼ '
% '
' '
"
"
-
"
"
" * (
4 $
"
"
" " "
!
+
#
"
'
'
'
' (
' '
! 7 !
! ! ! "
(
'
+ "
+
* # '
'
2
*
@A 7
M : 2
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%
2
¼
M ¼ ¼
¼
T +
Q:2 +:Q2 7
"T
:2 :2 T :2
+
Q
%2
¼ %2¼ F
¼ %2¼
%2
"T
+:Q2
%
M ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
7 :2 :2 T
+
:Q2 :2
Q
"T +
%
M ¼ ¼
7 :2 :2 "
%
M ¼ ¼
7 :2 :2 Æ
%
¼
@A
! 7 T :2
+
Q *%
7 ! ! !
¼ @
A
@A 7
M
"
!!!
M 2 2¼
¼ ¼
¼ ¼ @A 7 : : Æ
M
%
)
7* "
¼
¼ ¼
7 :Q2 Q
:2 Æ
"
%
5
" (
'
Æ @ F
A # '
'
'
(
4' '
! ! ! !
,
! -
! 7! ! = 7
%2
¼ %2¼
'
'
* '
7
7
M :Q 2
F
%2
%2
%
2
@A 7
6 @ A
6 @ A
M
%
%2
M
¼ ¼ ¼
+
:Q2 @Q
:2
%2 F Q
:2
¼ %2¼ A
=
¼ ¼ @A 7 T
)
7*
M
%
6
¼ ¼
= @Q
:2
%2 F :Q2
¼ %2¼ A
"T
+Q:2
#
"
"
!
+
!
9 ! * " '
'
@A
'
68
'
" "
!!'
68 6"8 ' - 68
" "
'
"
6 + 8
+ -
6"8
+
= '
+
" "
0!
'
* ; 68
%2
; 6"8 %
" '
" "
' * 4
' % !
'
4'
' *
% !
'! -
! ! !
¼ ¼ @A 7
% ¼ ¼
:Q2
:Q2
"
)
7* %
M
¼ ¼
&
F
:Q2
:Q2
"
¼
:Q
¼ ¼ @A 7 :Q
"
)
7* %
M
"@ A
!
"
¼
F
:Q
:Q
"
"@
F A
¼
:Q
¼ ¼ @A 7 :Q
"
)
7* %
M
"@ A
¼
:Q
F :Q
"
"@
F A
" #
'
+
'
* '
+
"
#
+
"
'
'
*
¼
:Q
¼ ¼ @A 7 :Q
"
)
*
7 %
M
"@ A
¼
F
:Q
:Q
"
"@ F A
Q
:Q " :Q :Q
"
:
¼ ¼ @A 7 F
)
*
7 "%
M
F
!!*
¼
#
7 ! ! ! ! ! !
!. , !
@A 7 @A F @A
¼ ¼
¼ ¼ @A 7 :Q :Q Æ
)
7* "%
¼ ¼ @A 7
:Q
:Q
"
F
:Q
:Q "
¼
)
7* "%
M
F
:Q
)
¼ 7*¼ @A 7 Æ :Q :Q
M
:Q
"
F
:Q
:Q
F
"
¼
"%
Æ :Q :Q
:Q Q :Q
"
" :
@A 7 Q: F
M
F
¼
!%
Æ :Q :Q
:Q Q :Q
"
" :
@A 7 :Q
F
M
F
Æ @ F
A
!%
Æ :Q :Q
:Q Q :Q
"
" :
P 7 Q: F
M
F
Æ @ F
A
!%
% +
Æ :Q :Q
:Q Q :Q
"
" :
P 7 :Q F
@ A
M
F
Æ @ F
A
% R
!%
Æ :Q
:Q
:Q Q :Q
"
" :
P 7 Q: F
@ A
M
F
Æ @ F A
!%
!!
P 7
R Æ :Q :Q
:Q
:Q
"
F
:Q
:Q "
M
F
%
A !%
@
P
Æ :Q :Q
:Q :Q
Q
"
@! A %
" :
7 :Q F
R
M
F
4
(
7 " %
-
- - %
+
!
"
! J3
-
" '
'
% % % * %
-
C
Æ :Q
:Q
:Q :Q
:Q
@! A
9
" "
7 :Q F
R
M
F
! - +
"
7
# '
(
"
'
:Q
9
7
Æ :Q
:Q
:Q
"
F
:Q
:Q "
R !
M F
; 90 * 2 .
'
6 $ 8 2
! * "
6
' ! F @ F FA
8 4
*
%
-!
$
"
" '
!!&
+
7
-
' " "
+
'
E
"
F "
" '
6
+
N $<
"
" '
7 -
!
:Q
Æ :Q
:Q :Q
:Q
9 " "
7 :Q
F
R !
M F
-
" "
+
+
" " '
+
'
'
"
-
'
' ' " '
"
+
'
"
'
! *
"
- ! * *
+
-
! 7
+
" :Q
Æ Q:
9)
:Q
" " :Q
:Q "
7 :Q F
R !
M F
#
Æ !
I J 6'
8
"
#
'
'
'
'
7 "M
Æ
"M
"
+ "
!
'
7 "M
Æ
:Q Q
: 7 :Q Q
: Æ
"M :
:Q Q 7 :
@
:Q Q A
7 @Q A@Q
: :
: A @Q A@Q A
:
!!)
4' '
'
7
" "
:Q :Q
"M 7
I@Q: A @Q:
A
:
@Q A @Q A J
:
M
I J 7
"
M
@Q A
: 7 @Q
: I
JA
"
7
M @Q A
:
"
@Q A
: 7 @Q A
:
" @Q:
"
:Q :Q
"M 7 :
A
A @Q :
@Q A @Q A
:
" "
7 @Q A @Q
: : A F @Q A @Q
: A
:
7
"
I@Q :
A F @Q
A @Q
: :
A @Q A J
:
:Q :Q 7
I@Q
A @Q
: A F @Q
: A @Q
:
A J
:
M
65
A 7
%
" @Q A 7 " :Q
:
" '
8
#
'
" :Q
9)
7
Æ :Q Q:
M
:Q
"
F
" :Q
:Q "
R !
F
" :Q :Q A "
" :Q
:Q "
Æ :Q :Q
7 F
M
F
F 7 7
@
A
A
@
" :Q :Q "
:Q
" :Q
@ A
9) "
7
R !
M
@ F A
- - * -
" :Q
:Q :Q Q
"
9) " " :
7
R !
M
F
!'
6 +
0 5
*
* - *
$
-
**
"
7 7 @ A 7 F
@ A
" :Q :Q "
:Q
" :Q
9) "
7
R !
M
F
7
I@ " :Q :Q "
:Q
:Q " A
!
M
"
F
@" :Q
:Q " F " :Q :Q
"A
" A
7
!
M
@ " :Q :Q
" F " :Q
:Q
;
* 6!
8
+
G
"
'
"
'
'
! "
'
" ' "
5
*
+
-
"
"
G
* - - .
*
#
&
'
(
M **
N $<
"
:Q
"
9
7
Æ :Q
:Q
:Q
"
F
:Q
:Q
R !
M F
¼
M 7 M
7*
7*
'
2
!
'
' 6.
+
"
'
' !
8
9
7 : :Q
Q
R !
- ! - ! - , !
! ! - -,
*
! !
< % ' 2 "
!
' $
+
! "!
'
'
!'
¼ '
'
' $ + * :2 +
'
* :2 #
* ! % 7 % % * !.
C ! - " '
* ! %
7 ! "
@(
"
!! ! ! ! 7 < %.
- %
#
& & ' * ' +
* ' S '
-
'
' - !
' ' '
<9 3 *
! -
$
! 39<
6! 7 8
! 7
" < %
:Q 7 Q
:Q 7 1Q
¼ ¼
! :Q "
* 6$*8 +
¼
"
+
¼ +
Q:
"
:Q
$ :Q
$ #
¼
:Q :Q 7
¼
:Q :Q 7
¼
:Q :Q 7
¼
:Q :Q 7
;
'
' '
; % * * %
< ! * % 7 C - - , - %
9
7 @ F A
R !
.
*
7 <! ; 7
" * Q: Q:¼ 7
*
'
E <! %
* 6 %
*
8
"
"
*
"
'
"
; !7 < 6
!
:Q !
:Q
! - '
2 " +
*
' @ !A F
@
!A
9
7 @ ! F
!A
R !
;
' ' 6
!'
% 6
N $<
" '
! 7 !
(
5 ,
(
'
'
+
(
(
('
-
*
- * * *
+
' !
'
,
"
'
'
+
"
'
! - '
.
"
2
"
'
'
/
- *
- ! ,
- 7 "
' !
6
8 7 *
! C
! '
'
*
6 '
+
8 .
2
+
" ' % " &
+
4
' ' +
8 - *
*
!
'
'
! ! % *
#
! - *
!
2
! * " '
-
" " '
' !
' "
+
'
"
" * '
"
+ '
"
'
' &
"
&
"
# '
! - ! ! *
!'
7
M :Q 2
F
7
%2
%2
%
%2
"
#
"
7
4)
F
%2 %2
%2
M
4) 7
%2
:Q2
%
M
7
:2
Q
%
%2
+
"
'
% ! . ! # '
<
" '
7
%2
7 4)
%2
7
#
"
" "
5
%
7 '
" "
;
"
"
"
"M
# @A
7
@A
@A
#
-
' '
(
'
" "
" "!
#
6
" " 8
! , - !
"M
7
%2
"M
7
%2
!'!
-
(
' 3
- - !
& &
'
"
"
4
# !
! !
"
6
78
(
4
' !
*
"
, ! % ! , '
"
"
"
' 7
'
*
-. &
(
*
7
N ' " "
- *
-
*
- - = ! *
!>
"M
7
%2
*
7
@A 7
¼
¼ *
¼
M
"
%2
@A 7
¼
M
"
%2
@A 7
¼
@ F N
M A
%2
@A 7
@ F N
M A
%2
"!
&
(
7 !
N 4
"
" ' " "
' 6#
8
"M
7
%2
@A 7
M@ F N A
%2
"M
7 N
7
@ F N
M A
%2
N 7
@ F N
M A
%2
!''
N 7
@ F N
M A
%2
!
<
(
'
N 7 N /M
(
N 7
@
M A
%2
$ % ! ! , #
'
"
!
'
+
0
< - *
3 - *
#
¼
"
7
- '
!
"
-
%
"
F ":
*
+
-
'
"'
+
' +
# '
!
'
¼
7
":
7
" 7
7 7 F ": 7 F :
F :
' "
'
7
'
! ! -
7 "Æ @A
*
5
7
7
N
*
-
*
! !
& @N A 7
M@ A
%2
@N A 7
Æ @ A 7
Æ @ A
M
M
%2
%2
* , -
!
- *
)
' "
' '
( #
'
'
@N A 7
Æ @ A
M
M M
%2
!'*
(
% '
'
+
@N A 7 P
M
! ! - %- - !7!
- *
@ A
A 7 @
3 !
%
' & * *
- * * 7
'
%
'
2
' "
#
' *
- !
N
N & @N A 7
@ A
M
%2
7 4)
%2
M
4) 7
:Q2
%
N 7
M
:Q2
% @
M A
%2
% +
:2
Q
7
% @ A 2 @ A
7
R
+ +
:Q2
@ A
2
@ A
7
R
:Q2
@ A
2 @ A
-
*
6
B @8 '
" '
*
6 8
'
'
*
N 7
&
@ A
@ A
7
*
@ A
7
(M
@ A
4
!
! 3
% ! + 7 #
"
!'
-
! ! 8 - *
! - -
'
'
' ' - !7
* '
N$ 7
(M
% @
A
¼
¼
7
(M
%
@
A
¼
¼
(M
7
% Æ ¼
%
% @ A
¼
(M
7
@ A
(M
7
@ A
-
'
+
+
- (
"
* *
"
'
'
'
$ (
" $&
" / 7 M 7
-
$
'
(M
+ $, ,
N$ 7
@ A
(M
+ $, ,
7
(M
7 $$ /M
(
7 $$
7 ,
- ' '
$& '
"
9
; 9 % -
* % * ! % - 8
0 ' '
!
< -
8
& '
$
2
'
'
+ %!
4
. & 9 % -
!'&
- & *
(
, $$
7 ,
4)
4
7 ,
4)
4
4
4) 7 @ F ,
4 A
4 @ F ,
A
4
,
4
!( $$
7 @ F A
4
- ' *
.
AE " '
2 & + - ! $ +
' '
$&
- '
' ' " % +
$&
-
6
8
&
" '
"
+
6'
$
8
4
$
'
" "
6#
' '
P8 5
- < # ! %! 9
<
"
-
'
'
"
"
' !
-
!
'
"
/ '
$
!
"
"
6 7 (
8
6 8 /
#
"!
N "
$
"
%
7 ,
4)
4
(
N 4) 7 N F , 7 N F $$
/ '
"
'
2
!')
9 + /
- 7D9@ # . 0" 5 5
'
(
*
! 0
!*
( 7 ? I<* 6 '
" 8 6
' " 7:@ B?9 )<* 8
"
*
+
( ' (
- 0
!*
'
"
1 % ! '
6+ 8
(
D: )<* '
* 7!
!C! - *
-
'
!
-
* ! %!
;
'
"
" '
0 : ! 9 % ,
$
"
!*
#
'
'
(
N 4) 7 N F , 7 N F $$
(M
N 7
@ A
+ $, ,
N 4) 7
M
(
@
A
F
+ $, ,
7
M
(
@
A
F
@
+ $, ,
7
M
(
A
F
@
+ $, ,
7
M
(
A
F
- ' 3 !!
-
' "
' '
; .7 ' / ** ) G ,
' '
$&
" J $$
/M # '
.7
$& /
'
" !
' '
"
' 6#
2
' "
' 8
+ $, ,
N 4) 7
(M
@
A
F
!*
(M
F @
+ $, ,
A
7
@ A
7
(M
+ $, ,
7
M
(
I@ AJ + $, ,
7 7
(M
I@ A @ $$ AJ
(M
I@ A @ $$ AJ
(M
7 7
$$
'
#
3
% * /
& M
& )(
# '
(M
M
4)
N 7
$$
' "
@A *
% ,
" <
<
7 F % @
A
M
I J 7 I % J 7
%
"
M
%
I J 7
I J 7
"
M
%
"
@ M
%
A
7
"
3 C*
@ @
A
7 A
7
%
M
"
!
@
M
% % "
A 7
"
!*
M
% J
7 I
"
M
7
%
M
7 Æ @
A
M
7 @A
,
% 9% *
* '
@A 7
7 2
'
"
' "
4) (M
M
M
(
N 7
(
$$
$$
M
7
M
!(
M $$
7
4)
(
M
N) 7
* & )(
4)
N) (
7 7 7 ! A0
M M
& )(
* - '
$
$&
' % +
' "
$
(
"
% - -9 *
!%*
*
! %
* ! '
"
* "
? - ! ! !
' #
$
'
.7
,N
%
'
!(
N 7 F
M
! '
9 %
!(
N 7
M
- *%
!(
N 4) 7 F
M
M ! '
! ! -
&
'
$
.7
2
' ' 6
/
8 "
'
!*
? - ! !* -
- 7!
- ? - !
!% 4 +
,
!
"
!
" "
"
& "
/
-
!
A ' *
*
* - ? '
"
+
!
"
0"
!*!
#
()
% E
4
"
)! * ,
9 % *
,
'
7 F % @
A
% *
,
7 F @
A
%
; 9@! ,
' + -
!
'
(
/
>
(
7 ! !% %
(
% @ 7 A -
(
'
"
7
-
'
(
- '
+
+
6. $0
J N
$I
8 (
¾!
! 7
¾!
! 7
"
'
"
(
M
#!
#!
8 7 ! !
" # #
+
J3 % ,
#8 M
#! #!
#! #!
M
7 F ! ¾! @¾! A! 7
@! ! ! !A 7
#
" # # # #
"
"" C ' '
>
(
$
%
""
2 +
6
8
% /
(
(
"
/
#
""
' " 0
8 '
""
N
$I
(
'
% ! * % *
+
E
F
"
" " +
(
'
'
>
(
<
"
E
F '
# "
" '
$
!*'
% +, ; 2
-
'!
+ '
'
)! *9
0 *% 9 % 0 %
* !
! - 8 *
7!
7 9 I
F @
AJ !@
A
5
9 9 7 Æ I9 9 J 7 :
9
&
"
'
9 I
F @
AJ 7 9 9 F F @ F A
M
#
7 @9 9 F 9 9 A F F 9 9 F F
M
" #
#
7 Æ F F @9 9 F 9 9 A F 9 9
M
#
"
#
#
7 F F 9 9 F 9 9 F 9 9
M
"
#
#
#
#
7 F F Æ F 9 9 F 9 9
" # #
M #
7 F F F @9 9 9 9 A
" #
M
#
7 F F
F ":
9
" #
M
7 F F
F
9-
M
7 F F
! F
9-
M
7 I F
AJ !@
@
A F @
9-
A
#
0
*
%-
6
8
&
4
45
<
+ '
? - -
$"
"
% -
# 3 ! % *
, 6 ' '
.)
+ 8
'
9
7 @
A
9
F 9 7 @
A
!**
"M # "M #
F "M 9
"M
9
! 7 @
A !
#
#
##
"M
F "M 9
"M
"M
9
! 7 @
A !
# #
'
!
(
' "
'
)' 2
(
'
+ '
'
+
'
' +
(
(
! +
"
!
7 !
#
! 7 "M
"M
9
!"
#
-
'
!"
'
! '
'
'
(
#
#
"M
F "M 9
"M
"M
9 !"
7 @
A !"
#
# #
"M
F "M
9
!
7 @
A !"
# #
"M
F "M 9 !
7
!"
## "
"M
"M
9
! 7
!
#
6 8 ' (
9
7 /
" (
+
#
'
(
"
" * , - # % -
'
" + (
; '
' (
#
"
"M
"M
9
! F
!
7
#
#
"
" M
9
"M
! F
!
7
#
4' !
&
' (
#
"M
9
@!" ! A "M @! F !" A F
@! F !" A 7
#
#
"M
9
@! F !" A "M @!" ! A F
@! !" A 7
#
4' '
& 7 ! F !"
# 7 ! !"
(
'
#
M
"
9
@! !" A "M @! F !" A F
@! F !" A 7
#
!*
#
"M
9
@! F !" A F "M
@! !" A F
@! !" A 7
#
#
M
" @! F !" A "M
@! !" A F
@! F !" A 7
9
#
#
"M
9
@! F !" A F "M
@! !" A F
@! !" A 7
#
#
" M & "M
9
# F
& 7
#
#
"M
9
& F "M
# F
# 7
M
" M
"
9
& #
&
F
7
"M
9
M
" # #
5 "
&
# '
, #
#
'
" " '
9$
M
" "
M
9
"
9
7 M
F
" 9
"M
9
M
"
"9 # # #
7 M
F 7M
D
"9 # # #
#
# D
"
"9
D 7
"9
D 7
#
+
(
" +
"
M M
"
9
& &
F
7
# #
&
"M
9
M
"
7
#
#
M
D F
7
#
#
D F 7
# M
4
9
"
'
'
!
'
&
* 9 " 9
!*&
"
"
"
7 7 7 7
"
D D D D
" "
" "
0!
6
9 8
- "
D 0 !
'
D D1 7 Æ1
!
'
- #
# -
D D1 7 Æ1 .
#
D F 7
# M
*%
" &
*
'
# '
! '
"
-
- )! *9
0
@
I F
AJ
9 I @
F
AJ
'
2
#
#
'
(
$
"
'
'
" '
!"
#
! 7 "M
"M
9
!"
#
2 '
<
> $ <
'
( - ' '
(
' '
!*)
/
%
"
#
'
"
""
'
+
(
+
#
(
'
"" 6
? : 8 7
>
" * )! * ,
! 3 C*
(
# @ A # @ A
F 7
# #
#
'
, " +
! J3 -
"
Æ '
(
#
D F 7
# M
'
9
' '
0 C* -
,
%
D <
#
D F 7
# M
!
#
D F 7
# @ A M
%
"
"!
9$
'
"! "
(
" D 6
8
# #
D
F D F 7
#
# @ A M
# #
D
D D D F D 7
#
# M
# D # D
D
D F D 7
#
# M
+
M 7 D
!C '
'
<
% (
M
# M
#
M
D
D F 7
#
# M
M
#
M
D F 7
# M
%
(
#
'
(
" M
%
(
"
"
#
M #M
M
M
D F F D 7
# M
# M
# M
#
M
D F D 7
# #
# DM 7
#
M
7 D
#
7
#
#
%!
' " ( '
"
(
(
* #
<
" "
""
'
5
9$ "
M
7 " D
%% A; "
9 / -
, , - , ! &
- 9 % , 4
'
( $
' '
(
' '
'
!
# !
'
$
)
'
#
'
$ '
' (
' "!
(
'
&
# %
D # !
"
+
<
'A'A +,
; ' '
, ,% ,
! !
#
(
& #
M
" "
M
9
& &
F
7
"M
9
M
"
9
& &
# #
F
7
9
# #
.) + " !
"
F
F
@ F
A
9 &
7
9
F @ F F
A #
@ F
A& 7 9 F #
@ F F
A# 7 9 F &
' (
"
"
#
@ F
A& 7 9
F
9 F
&
@ F F
A
'
(
'
(
(
&
(
< #
" '
*
&
$
"
"
+
'A'A ? * ! - $ %-
5
(
&
# 4
$
&
"
#
@ F F
A# 7 9 &
F
&
#
9 F
&
!
-
<
# ! - ! 2 ' &
#
#
'
+
<
'
& #
*
5 "
*
M 7 D D 7
7 D
'A'A H 95 % +,
4' ' '
! - , - 9 %
'
'
'
> ( <
< ' ' 7 "
! 7
'
" $ * 7
#
' & , - * & 4
' &
9 F
9 F
&
7 @ F
A&
@ F F
A
9
9
& 7 @ * F A&
@ F F
A
.
(
$
7
F * F F
F F
7
F * F
7 # - &
F
* F
* F
F F
# ' "
> ( ( !
'
+ <
'
( " '
+ '
6 7 ( 8
* F
9
9
& 7 @ * F A&
< ! '
(
M 7 D D 7 7 & F # 7
7 D & #
# &
& & F # # F
& & 7
!
F & & 7
!
F &
&
&
&
# 2 +
'
' '
&
* ( #
& ,
* F
*
9
9
7 @ F A
&
&
(
"
'
' '
>
(
-
' '
9 % *
* - , '
#
" "
"
(
"
* F
9
9
&
&
*
7 @ F A
9
9
9
9
* F
9
9
9
&
&
9
&
&
7 @ * F A *
*
9
9
!
&
&
&
!
&
7 @ * F A *
9
9
*
!
&
&
7 F
&
!
&
&
#
! ( 4' ' -
- ,
* 7!
7
M
7
M
A F
@@
A 7 M
@@
A F @
A F
A
A @
M
7 M @
A F
"
M M
9
9
7 A
9 @
F
9 9
7
9
9 F 7 "M
9 @9 9 A F
" "
7 "M @9 9 F 9 9 A F 7 "M
@9 9 9 9 F Æ" A F
7 "M":
9
F "M
F 7 M
9 F "M
F
"!
(
'
M
9
M @
A F
*
F 7
&
!
&
&
!!
M @
A
M
9 " M
*
F 7
&
!
&
M
9
M
7 *
F F
&
!
&
4' ' 3
, ' #
" 4
A
(
' "
7 5 7 6 Æ @
6
7 ! 7
!
M
9
6
6
7 7
!
&
&
M
M
6 M
6
7 Æ @
A 7 Æ @
A
&
&
&
6 6
M
6
F F Æ @
A 7 *
!
&
&
&
F)! * , G. !%! - , ' '
'
+
<
+ '
!
" <
<
4
' !
6
! ' " " "
' ( 8
& *
9
&
'
!
'
'
45 +
+
'
' '
(
H
'
'
(
'
C
,
'
$
"
#
(
! (
+
.
'
&
'
+
%' + / - / 3
'
>
(
(
(
# ' +
-
- -
'
#
'
" '
-
3
(
(
'
# '
" !
&
(
'
"
N
$I
(
#
D F 7
# M
!'
#
#
D1 D F 7
#1 # M
# # #
D1 D F D1 7
#1 # #1 M
# #
#
D1 D F D1 7
M
#1 #
#
#
#1
D1 D 7
M
#1 #
# #
D D1 7
M
# #1
# #
@D1 D F D D1 A 7
M
# #1
# #
Æ1 7
M
# #1
# #
7
M
# #
¾
M
7
/ '
D
(
(
+ 7 % =; 9@! > ,
" '
'
7
(
' ! *
F 7
M
M M
F
7
7 F
7 F
4
"M
" '
&
(
" ' '
6
!
(
&
8
, *% 9
-
" '
'
@A 7
#
*
' '
"
A 7 #
2
" '
#
7 F
'
'
" '
&
!*
'AA 5
!
%
7
"
(
7
(
' "
#
D F 7
#
#
M
D F
7
# @" A M
D 7
M
M
D 7
M
M
D 7
(
0 !
+
D 7F
7 F
- -
-
-
7 F
- -
- -
- 7 - 7
7
#
% *
!!
'
'
& #
;
'
! !*
! !
(
*
;
E
F '
7
- -
- -
7 7
7
-
-
!
# ! - F * % *
G
5
'
+ '
' $
+ ' & "
'
> ( 6'
* 8 0
+
*
' 6#
( * 8 7 #
# 3 *% < -
[ 7 @D D D D A
"
"9 "9
"9
"9
7
"
"9
9 9
"9
9 9
"9 "9
7
"
I9 9 J
9 9
9 9
7
"9 I9 9 J
7
9
#
+
!
*
E
F # +
9 " 9
"
"
*
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
7 %
7
%
7 ! ! % '
'
+
'
! ! - F * % *
G '
'
'AA $ %
#
'
'
"
E
F
- <
#
D F 7
# M
@"A 7
D F 7
M
M
!&
"9
D 7
"9
D 7
9
F F
7
9
F
9
7
" 9 F
9 7 9 7 9 7
F
"
@ " A
F
@ F " A 7
@ " A F
@ F " A F
#
+
0 '
+ '
(
'
"
F
@ " A
F
@ F " A 7
@ " A F
-
F
@ F " A
-
F
F - F - @ " A
- @ F " A -
7
F - @ F
A
@ F " A F - @ F
A
Æ
!
- 7
F
@ F " A
- 7
F
F
F
7
7
' "
7 F @
A
*
7 >
!)
7>
*
#
"
7>
#
$
'
+
% *
9< ! F * % *
G
- ' !
'
! '
'
F
@ " A
F
@ F " A
7
@ " A F
-
F
@ F " A
- F - @ " A
-
F
F - @ F " A -
7
@ " A F - @ F
A
F - @ F
A
@ " A
- 7
F
- 7
F
F
F
7
7
7 F @
A
7 >
7 >
!&
'
*
7>
4' ' ! !
F * % *
G
'
F
@ " A
F
@ F " A 7
@ " A F
F
@ F " A
@ F
A F
@ F
A F @ F " A
7
@ " A F @ F
A
@ F " A F
7
F
@ F " A
7
F
F @ F
A 7
@ F " A F
7
7 F @
A
7 >
7 >
E
F
*
7>
'
"
" # '
E
F
$
' !
'
!&
;
F * % *
G. ! '
F
@ " A
F
@ F " A 7
@ " A F
@ F " A F
7 >
'
"
"
# ' <
7
%
> F 7
F
F
F %
@ F
A
> 7
F
%
@ F
A
> 7
%
@ F
A
> 7
@ F
A %
F
> 7
%
#
- - - ;
7
" ;
9
F
F
7 7
% %
F
F
7
%
7
%
* '
' $
&
4
$
¼
¼
7 Æ
Æ @ A
- '
'
! !
*
!
# ' '
!&
%
F
F
7
7
F
F
7
7
¼
7 Ƽ
9
[ 7 '
P
9
-
L7
*
$7
+
" * *
- % *. 3
'
-
2
*
'
%
'
"
[
' "
(
*
* <
#
" ! +
'
" ! +
'
6
7 '
'
8
'
""
;
7
-
-
M
7 " D
7 " D D
D 7
7 " @ -
-
A D
-
"
-
"
"
D 7 7
"
D 7 D
" "
" "
!&
- F - F - F -
7
"I - - - F - J
- F - - -
"I F F - - F - - J
4' +
'
E
F
'
>
7
7 > @I- F - "I- - J I- F - J "I F - - F - - JA
7 > I J I J I J "I F
F J
F
F
7 > @ " A
F
>
7
7 > @I F J "I F J I F J "I F F JA
7 > "I F
F J
F
F
7 > @ " A
F
E
F
!
% "
"" J3 ! -
'AA ? * - $ %
'
A 7
'
9 '
F
F
7
%
7
%
F
F
7
%
7
%
'
' ;
9 "
'
"
!&!
'
$ (
Q F
) 7
+7 Q7
Q
+
Q
: 7
+7 Q 7 Q
+ F
' '
'
'
45 (
'
;
9 !
'
7
'
'
( 7 F
F
F
7
7
% %
F
F
7
7
% %
#
'
'
-
' !
L
'
45
(
; (
"
#
'
0
"
$
'
(
'
.) +
6#
'
'
'
'
8
#
D F 7
# "
#
M
F D F 7
# M M
" /M - '
F
(
'
6 "!' 8
'
F 5
" 6
'
" 8
"
%) FA " G +
C 2
2
"
+
(
'
'
"$
"
E
F
N
$I
(
/
(
!&'
' 7 ! !% %
(
"
!
>
(
(
, F * %
*
G #
""
J3 % !%!
! - %
E
F
#
E
F
% *
!
-
'
*
'
'
'
E
F 6
+
'
'
"
8
<! . * F * % *
G
,
"
E
F
6"
8
" " ! & F * % *
G
&
+
"
- F * % *
G 7!
!
!
" "
"
- ' " " F * % *
G
! & % *
' "
6
"
6 88 ! - !
'
'
E
F +
- -
-
! ! -
F * % *
G
& H "
'
'
7 - F * % *
G
#
"
P #
" '
'
2 (
P 6#
+
8
""
'
"
-
#
+ (
* ' '
+
E
F "
' "
'
' !
E
F
% *
% *
& !
!
'
- ' "
#
% "
'
' "
'
"" C
%* - " /
'
'
& 6
#
8 ,%
-
(
' '
!&*
$
< !
'
* ' "
E F '
&
.
&
(
'
'
'
0
*
"%
"
'
'
'
+
%. 6 "
"
-
'
(
'
D
" %
' '
+
- - 5 "
' ( &
*
#
" #
- +
( &
;
"
'
@A 7 F "9
#
! !
-
'
!
9
# '
+
(
7 @A
7 4) @E A
# ' '! '
, # ! '
'
0 *
' (
65 "
1 '!
&
D 8
#
D @A F @ A 7
# M
#
D @ A F @ A 7
# M
@ A 7 @A
# #
7 1
# #1
#
D 1 F 7
#1
#
M
D 1 F 7
#1 M
#
D 1 F 7
#1 M
D 1
#
F
7
#1 M
!&
(
' "
(
D 1 7 D1 ) "
0
*
1 @A
1. 7 Æ.
1 .1 7 Æ.
D 1 .1 7 D1 .1
D. 7 D1 .1
D 7 D1 1
, - % - ,
5
"
9
"
*
"
1 7
D "ED
"
4)
1 7
7
"ED D "
C 1 &&
" 7 " E
; " '
E
!
7$9
"
"
0 '
? < - - -
- #
+
7 E
H H
7 7E
H F H
H F H
7
H H
7
H F H H F H
@"A 7 7 7
H H H H H H
@"A 7 7 7" 7 "
" "
H F H
D 7
E
7
7
@ F A@ A
7
.
.
7 7
. . . .
ED
7 7
"
4)
1 7
"
7 F "
7 D F ED"@" A
!&&
7 "
#
"
"
!
"!
"
#
7 ! -
(
D 7 D1 1
(
"
5
9
(
9 [ 7 /%/ 7 / /
' '
'
6
"
8
7 F D D
4) 7 F "D D
4
'
$
9
;
"
' "
0 %-
& -
F "D D
D
F "D D
7 1 D1
F "D D D F "D D 7 1 D1
"D D D F "D D 7 1 D1
D F D "D D "D D D "D D D "D D 7 1 D1
D F "D D D "D D D F D D D D D 7 1 D1
(
'
"
!
D ;
! D
'
D
D D1 7 Æ1 '
(
6
(8
D F "D D D
"D D D
F D D D D D
7 1 D1
D F "D
F "D
F D
7 1 D1
D F "D
F D
7 1 D1
. . . H
@ F F H F H F H A
.
F
7 @@ F A F @ A A7
! !
7 @ H F H A 7
. . .
AA 7 @ H H A 7
.
7 @@ F A@
! !
. . . .
7 @@ F A @ A A
!
H
7 @ F F H H F H A 7
!
D F "D
7 1 D1
!&)
"
1 7
"
D F "D
7 D F "D
! D 4' D
D F "D D D
"D D D
F D D D D D
7 1 D1
D "D
"D
F D
7 "
D F D
D "D
F D
7 "
D F D
D "D
7 "
D F D
! D
D F "D D D
"D D D
F D D D D D
7 D
D F "D D D
"D D D
D
7 1 D1
D 7 D
(
'
" % ! * ! -
- ! *
7 4) '
4) 7 F "D D
7 E
"
*
" +
F D D
D F D D
7 1 D1
D D
D F D D
7 1 D1
D F D D D
D D D
D D D D D
7 1 D1
; 3 7 9 1 7 Æ1
( " +
!
(
3 7 '
D F D D D D D D D D D D D 7 1 D1
!)
1 7
D F D
D
7 D F
D
D F D
7 D F
D
"
, % !
"
+ '
7 '
7 F D D
" +
' D
(
'
'
'
'
*
7 %
7
%
7
%
'
'
'
F
7
%
-
' "
'
; 7 E #
'
D "ED
ED
4) 7 7
1
1 7 1
"ED D "
"D
7 ED
7
#
'
' '
'
#
F
7
%
!)
F
7
%
</
F
/
7
%
</
F
/
7
%
H
F
H
7
%
.
.
F
.
. .
.
7
%
. .
F
.
7
%
H
'
*
' "
¼ +
#
+
" "
5
' "
'
E
4) 7 "D D
"
"
"
7
"
"
"
7
"
"
"
"
7 F
H
H
7
HH
HH
H H
!)
H
H
7
H
H
H H
%
H H
H
7
%
H
7
%
H
F
.
. H H
. .
F F F F
7 7 7 7
!
F F D F
7 7 7
F
7
%
H
F
7
D%
H
F
7
%
H
-
0
*
' %
7
!
/
% ! * <
%
-
-
%
'! '
(
'
6
8
#
D @A F @A 7
# M
#
D
@
A F @ A 7
#
M
@
A 7 5 @A
# #
7
#
#
# #
7
#
#
!)
# #
D F D 5 F 5 7
# # #
#
M
5 D F D 5 F 7
# # M
D '
"
'
D '! +
5 7 D
6# "
' ' "
8
%
7 5 7 D
D
7
'
+ '
2
'
D ' !
'
! # %
- !
% 1 "
#
D
" ! %! %
M
7 D
0
*
#
9 " 9 '
" "
! 7?
"
9
-! "
7
M 7 D
(
M
7 @ A D 7 D
0!
'
'
'
7 F D D
4) 7 F "D D
7 D D
!)!
4) 7 "D D
7 F D D
7 D D
4) 7 "D D
7 F "D D
D D 7 D D
7
D 4) D 7 "D D
7 4)
D D 7
M
7 @ A D 7 D D D 7 D 7
M
5
5 7 D
5 7 D
5 7 D
D 5 D 7 D D D 7 D 7 5
;
'
(!
M
0
*
M
7
M 7
M
5
D
M '
M
D
7
M D 7 1 D
M 1
M D 7
M M D D
D 7 D
2 -
!
? < %
3
7
M 1
9 M D1
"D
& =
>
# '
7L9L?
!
' !7 ! - *
D 7 D D D D
'
" '
D D 7
!)'
; " D '
'
;
'
5 7 D
'
D M
! ! "D D ! 3 %
' " 7?
M
" 6
8 4
! D 9 7 "D D D D D D 7 "D D
%
'
7 % 2 A -
M
7
M
D 7
G M
D 9
G M
D D 9
5
!
M 1
9 ?
7?
D
"
'
! 0
*
!
- % '
"
! 0
(
(
+
P 7
%
/
4
/ 3
# !
'
- 0
(
'
"
<
"
'
"
; <
'
0 +
0 ,
#
D F 7
# #
#
M
D FD F 7
# M#" # M
D D "
7
#
M
#
@D "
A 7 D
#
M
#
@D D "
D A 7
" D D F
D 7
#
7 " D D F
D
-
'
<
%!
!)*
"
'
I J 7 " D ID 1 J 7 M
D @D D A
'
ID D J D D
[ 7 7
" "
M
M
M
I J 7 I [ J 7 ID D D D J 7 ID D D D D D D D J
M M
7 ID D D D D D D D J 7 D ID D D D D D J 7 M
D ID D J
/
"
- * ! '
I ; J 7 I J F I J 7 M D @D D A F M
D ID D J 7
(
% * "
"
#
I J
J 7 I 7
% 6 "
5 2
0
(
"
'
' %
'
7
""
"
6$ 8
.)
+
C M
7 " D
5
'
<
7 " D D
4
&
" '
'
$
%
* '
&
'
' ! "
' (
#
%
7 "
7 " D D
!)
% / +
'A #A /
+*
#
%
3 !
" "
X 7 I J 7 " ID D J 7 " D D
M M
7 " D D
7 " D D
%
7 " D D
-
%
* % 6
8
"
7 "
7
"
" D D
"
"
F
7 F
7
I@ A @AJ I@A F @AJ 7
F 7
@ A 7
@ A 7
7
7
' %
! '
(
" '
'
<
-
' ' '
6-
"
&
'
8
+
%
* E F (
F 7 F
!)&
7 F
F
7
7
7
7
'A #A +3 - $ %
'
$ (
6 8 !7 -
'
@
A 7 %
%
7
'
7 ! E
F
'
"
E
F
' <! %
! ! % % ! F * % *
G
"
E
F
" "
%
% F
.
<
"
E
F
" '
E
F '
"
$
" ' '
'A #A B* *
"
"
'
! 6 (
:8
4
'
%
E
F
%
¼
%¼ %
¼
&
7
% F %¼ % "D D
"D D
¼
'
" '
3
* -,
3 ! % - %
!
'
B9
* *
K " '
!
"
' *
- &
'
!))
%% 2
<
"
"
(
#
'
*
0
"
'
!
;
H 7 "D [
0 ! ;
.7 F
'
* , "
A
.
; . &
7 F ; . &
7 ;
#
'
#
( "
( " '
$
*
7
F , 2
@ A , 2
#
(
"
7 F F
'
$
( " * ! -
3 , "
&
7!
0"
5
" (
6
'
6(
%'
+
* ! - F * % *
G
5
'
$
.M)
-
'
0
7 " D D
/
6
8
, <! 7!
@A 7
M : 2
%2 @A F
%2 @A
%
2
'
+
!7
#
7 ! * - F * % *
G
E
F
+
'
7
"
E
F +
'
N $<
"
' %
! !
M
2¼ 2
F :2¼
¼ A =
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
Q
T + : "D D @:
%2
% )
%7 M
¼ %2¼
6
%
¼ ¼¼
¼¼ ¼ ¼
= "D D @:
2
%2
F :2
¼ %2¼
A
T
+Q:2
"D D :
M
¼
"D D :
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7 %
¼¼ ¼¼
M
%
"D D :
"D D :
¼
" ¼
¼
F
FM M
"
(
7 '
"
+
"
4' ! & - 3
!
"D D :
¼¼
; 7
+ 7
(
7 -
D D 7
*
"9
D 7
"9
D 7
"9
D D 7
"9
7
7 !
" &
*
'
-
( *
"
"
"
! F * % *
G
'
"
E
F
-
" " " E
F
+
E
F
+
-
E
F
+
'
" "
+
"
"
D D
E
F
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
"
"D D :
¼
"D D :
% )
7 %
¼¼ ¼¼
M
%
"D D :
"D D :
¼
¼ ¼
F
F M
" !
'
M+ **
+
6 8
0
" '
7
E
F
¼¼
7 ¼¼
D D
E
F
" '
'
"9
D D 7
"9
¼¼ ¼¼ 9 ¼¼
"D D 7 7 9
9
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
"
I
"D D :
"D D :
F
"D D :
"D D :
J
% )
7 !
%
¼¼ %
¼ ¼
%@ &
" ¼¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼¼ ¼ ¼¼
9 :Q
A@
9 :Q A F @
9 :Q A@
9 :Q
A
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7 !
%
¼¼ %
¼ ¼
%@ &
" ¼ ¼¼ ¼¼ ¼ ¼¼ ¼¼
9 :Q A@
9 :Q
A F @
9 :Q
A@
9 :Q A
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7 !
%
¼¼ %
¼ ¼
" ¼
% & ¼
¼
@ 9 :QA@ 9 :Q
A F @ 9 :Q
A@ 9 :QA
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7 !
%
'
" ¼
¼ ¼
I9 9 F 9 9 J :Q :Q
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7 !
%
" ¼
¼ ¼
:Q :Q
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7
% )
7
%
"
¼
¼
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A
% )
7
7 Q: :Q
Ƽ
%
:Q :Q Æ Æ @ /M
¼ ¼ ¼ *¼ @A 7 /M¼ F A
% )
7
% + + R
%
: :Q Æ Æ @
P 7 Q A ¼
% R
%
@ A
P 7 :Q :Q Æ
¼
% %
% @ A
9
7 :Q :Q Æ
¼
R
% @ A
9
7 :Q :Q
Ƽ
R !
'
'
F * % *
G ,!
'
%
E
F .&
' '
+
" "
'
"
'
E
F
"!'
%) 2 B
E
F '
+ '
$
' "
E
F
'
'
E
F
!
"
'
"
!
' E F
. ' " & "
'
'
" " ' ! '
;
"
*
'
'
.
'
"
'
E F
"
'
' "
%
! - *. . !
/
"" C
E F
'
6
8
.)
E
F
% !
.
C
0Q F F
F
Q
0 FQ
0 @
A
F 0Q F F
F
FQ
0 FQ
0 @
A
6
'
E
F
8
'
E
F
0 Q F
0 Q FQ
0
@
A
#
!7 ! "
'
4
' +
%
'
! "
'
.
C
'
0Q F F
Q
0 FQ
0 @
A
'
F 0Q F F
FQ
0 FQ
0 @
A
6
E
F
8
E
F
Q
0 F
F
0Q FQ
0 @
A
#
' !7 ! . . - !
%* B !"
"
(
* C* # '
'
(
'
!
" '
(
.)
+ '
"
F
#
D F 7
# "
#
M
F D F 7
# M
M
'
%
(
'
(
(
'
%
;
% (
6
(
"
.) +
8
'
-! * C* "
8 7 8
'!
'
' " +
8 9 " 9
*
C* ,
# "
D 8 F 8 7
# M M
!
3 C* "
'
# "
# "
F D 8 F D 8
F 8 7
# M # M
M
1
- - " 8
# "
# "
F 8 D 8 F 8 D 8 F 7
# M # M
M
* ,
# "
F D F 7
# "
# "
# M
M
F D F F D F 7
# M # M
M
' (
' "
- 3 8 7
8 D 8
7 D
8 D 8
7 D
5
D
"
"
"
7 7 7 7
"
D D D D
" "
" "
D
D
'
%
'
D
D
'
6
8
8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 D
-
$ '
D
D
%
-
'
D
L
-
$ '
D
$
* C* -
"
7 D
''
,
%
!
"!
'
7
%
%
%
7
%
% %
7
%
%
7
% %
* C* - F * % *
G .
- ! ! - *
. . . !
%
A
%
! '
0 ! ! '
(
%
'
% * & !
E F
'
'
+
(
"!'
'
7
% % %
%
'
- +
(
'
.) +
"
"
"!'
'
,
E
F
"
" "
' # !
'
" % *
- -
% * F & ! G *
% & % * - !
'
6'
"
8 - - % ;
'
'
+
!
¼¼ '
"!'
'
!
¼ ;
'
+
"
'
'
'
+
'*
t3
t2
t1
H - F * % *
G !! H * F * %
*
G !!
' "
"
'
"!'
%
+
( " &
:
! * C* *!
- , ! -
* A
%
"!'
" '
%. 8 = / 3
- 7! ? * * !
+
#
7 M M
D M
#
! ! 7!
"
9
M
0
? <
+
+9? * *
,
M
+
M
0
#
#
#
M
M 7
# # @# /#A #
#
M 7
#
#
D M
7
#
#
D F 7
# M
'
*% ,
0
. $0
(
+
!C ,
#
#
#
7
# # @#/# A #
#
M M F
M 7
D
#
# M F
M
D 7
# M
? * * - , !
0 !
' " +
%
+
\7 #
7
MM
D
"
7 "M
D !D 7 "M
#
M
*
<
"
#
7 \
#
# M # F
M
7 "M F M
D
# #
# # M
# F
M
7 M
F M
D D F M
D
# # #
#
7 M D D
F
D
#
#
7 M D D
F
D
#
#
7 M
D D
F
D
#
#
+
- %
7 !
7 ;
'
'
(
*
@
A 7 %
%
%
" '
@
A 7 %
%
#
0 - 7!
" + '
#
7 M D D
F
D
#
'&
¼
#
7 ¼ ¼ ¼
M
D D
F
D %
% % #
%
¼ ¼
¼
"
7 ¼ ¼
M
D D
F
D %
% % ¼ M
%
" D D
F
D
¼ ¼
¼
7 ¼ ¼ ¼
%
% % %
" D D F
D 7
¼ ¼
¼
7 ¼ ¼ ¼
% @ A %
% %
¼ ¼
¼
7 ¼ ¼ ¼ @ A % Æ ¼
%
¼ ¼
7
%¼ %
¼
@ A
¼
¼
7 Ƽ
7
%¼ %
Ƽ
¼
7
% %
'
<
(
*
"
0
(
*
.
+
7
#
$
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
%2
'
; Æ
' " '
M
%2 7
%2
M
%2 7
%2
<
'
7
M % &
%2
%2 F
%2
%2
%2
')
/ ' !
!
% 2 Æ - %
7
F
Ý
F
@
A 7 F
%
Ý
@
A 7 F
%
6
; $ '
$
8
Ý
F
F
¼ Ý
F
F ¼ 7 Ƽ Æ ¼
F
F 7
Ý
F
F 7
Ý
> 7 F F
>
"
$
-
" " "
" 6 7
' 8
"
"
'
% 8 = 3
+
"
(
* +
"
E
F
'
5
'
'
'
'
%
) )
8 7 8 7
%
'
Ý
#
! - " )
)
"
Ý
7 F
Ý
7 F
'
9 '
'
) )¼ Ý
¼ 7 Æ))¼ Æ ¼
+
<
' "
@
A 7
F )
)
)
F
)
%
)
) ) ) )
@
A 7 F
F
%
)
7
F )
Ý )
F
) )Ý
)
7
F )
Ý )
F
)Ý )
F
)
* - %
6
+
8
"
(
* .) +
'
' !
*
4
'
6/ $.
8
$
'
"
'
.
"
'
"
" 29 ,!
- -
* ,
* - 9
"
F
F
$
F¼ 7
F
! *
F F ¼ 7 F
¼ F
-
'
- - <
4
-
- * ,
)
@"D F
A 7
)
@"D F
A 7
'
+
)
(
% ( =
G * & &
'
/ <
&
' *
'
' * %
' " & "
-
' "
*
'
8 *
"
'
"
( " '
'
,
" *
*
% - * F G
"%
% 5 + 3
P & * + ' "
A
M '
+
' "
"AD
M
% 1
M
J ' J S 7 * "
% 7 * (7
7 / 7 7
@,5A J 7D@ G QJ 7D@ ) G ;
M
7 QJ 7 ; J
7 ' )
7 2
J DB ) GS
J DD ? ) GS
J ) J :77 ) GS
+# 7 & /Æ N ? 7 F 2
? 7 ' *
% &
3#
7 J ')
GS $ @A Æ @? @AA 7 / $ @A
/
:
$ @A Æ @ A 7 $ @A 7
& 7
&
7
!
@A
7
!
@A
! ! !
@A 7 @
%%===
!
7
7
%%===
F
@
'
:A6 9 ! ( 42 A5+
7 7 M
7 / 7M
+
N N
N N-
I - J N 7
@A 7 !@A
!@A 7 @A
7
7 "M
7 "M
@A 7 @A @ A 7 @A
F % @A 7 "M
@A
% +
N .
7
@A % @A 7 Æ @ A
! 7
! @A @A 7 Æ
7
!7
7 !
@A 7
! 7 ! 7 ! 7 ! !@A 7
I @ F
A F % @
AJ @
A 7 @
A 7
I J 7
I J 7 "M
I J 7
7 7
&
7 & F I J
2 64&A5 &+599 &6
7 F
7 M F M D 7 7 @ F AM
7 D
@A 7
1
7
17
7 @
7 @
F "
A
"
A
I J 7
@A 7 @
7 @ F A F 7 @A
A
'
A:$9 6 4&4A$4
I J 7 "M:" +
I J 7
4 7 @ F AM
4 4 7
M
4
7 " 4 7 M
@ ( F A
@
A 4 %
(
4 7 4 7 4 7
(
@ A
4 7 4 7
4 7
4 7 (
7 @A 4 4 @ ! F A 7 @A 4 @ !A
% & 4
@
A 7 @
A
F @
A F % @
A F
@+
A 7
@+
A 7
@+
A 7 @+
A F " @+
A
7 3- 3 7
:
3 7
7
9
I9 9 J 7 ":
9
"
9 9 7
9 7 9 7 9 7
"
7 M
7 M
7 M
7
2H6&:A &4
7 , 7 @
A4 @ !A 7
, 2 7 = G
7 F F
5
7 2
7
@5A 7 5
7
57
7
,
7 @ A 7 @ ,
, 7 @ , A @ ,
A @ A A
, 3 7 , ,2
%
7 7
7
7
N 7 (
@
A
: : 2
7 C
= Æ @
A N 7 C @$ @$ F A = @= F A A
# 7 #
@ F A N# 7
# @
A
7
55&A &3 A:$9 6 4&4A$4
; 7
F
F8 7 @; A
8
) 7 , @
T
8
) A4 )" 7
8
8
) 4 )"
"
"
7 8 7
4
4 %
% 7 % F
% 7 % 7
4
4 % 8 7
'!
6$61 5&A 2&6H A 6 5 5( H+
7 ! !
7
( (
( (
7
@A 7
¼
! % @
A !
; 2 I
5 A P $ 7
$ % 5$ @ A
P $ 7
;@ A 2$
Æ @
A Æ 6.
8
2
P
7 R
!
!
P
2 :
N7 7 N8 7
7 R
!
:
!
@: 4 F 7 7 4 F 7 7
:Q
Q 7
4 A
:
+7
3
= @ A P ) 7 9
3 @ AB 7
@ @( A#A* 7
,
$
%Z @N A %Z @N A7
% @
A 7 ,
N
&4+ A 4&9$9+
< A 78 8 8 6' 8 8 @
8
7
G ; 4 7 @ F AM G
6
''
* (
4
9.
&
6
78
.& 6
7 8
5
6
7 8
6
7 98
&
6
8
/ #
6
98
/ #
6
9 78
# 6
.
8 6
:8
A "" 6
8
5 ' 4" 6
7 78
5 '
# 6
7 8
# ! 6
98
<
"
6
9 8
, 6
:8
.(
6
?8
.(
, 6
? 78
-
>
.(
6
? 98
>
.(
6
? ? 78
.
.
G 6
@8
,
6
B8
You might also like
- The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeFrom EverandThe Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (5794)
- The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreFrom EverandThe Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1090)
- Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItFrom EverandNever Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (838)
- Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceFrom EverandHidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (895)
- Grit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceFrom EverandGrit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (588)
- Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of NikeFrom EverandShoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of NikeRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (537)
- The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersFrom EverandThe Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (345)
- Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureFrom EverandElon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (474)
- Her Body and Other Parties: StoriesFrom EverandHer Body and Other Parties: StoriesRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (821)
- The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerFrom EverandThe Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (271)
- The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)From EverandThe Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (121)
- The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingFrom EverandThe Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (400)
- The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyFrom EverandThe World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (2259)
- The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)From EverandThe Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (98)
- Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaFrom EverandDevil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New AmericaRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (266)
- A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryFrom EverandA Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True StoryRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (231)
- Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnFrom EverandTeam of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham LincolnRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (234)
- On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New DealFrom EverandOn Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New DealRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (74)
- The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaFrom EverandThe Unwinding: An Inner History of the New AmericaRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (45)
- Technical Analysis of Indian Stock Market and SharesDocument42 pagesTechnical Analysis of Indian Stock Market and Sharessarangdhar100% (14)
- Class Notes For Modern Physics Part 3Document91 pagesClass Notes For Modern Physics Part 3api-26870484No ratings yet
- Advanced Quantum MechanicsDocument371 pagesAdvanced Quantum MechanicskavitarprNo ratings yet
- Class Notes For Modern Physics Part 1Document115 pagesClass Notes For Modern Physics Part 1api-26870484100% (1)
- Class Notes For Modern Physics Part 2Document190 pagesClass Notes For Modern Physics Part 2api-26870484No ratings yet
- Lecture Notes On SuperconductivityDocument122 pagesLecture Notes On Superconductivityapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Atomic Physics Lecture Notes FinalDocument68 pagesAtomic Physics Lecture Notes FinalAbdur RahmanNo ratings yet
- Classical and Statistical ThermodynamicsDocument35 pagesClassical and Statistical Thermodynamicsapi-26870484100% (1)
- Cyber CrimeDocument3 pagesCyber Crimeapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Classical and Quantum MechanicsDocument132 pagesClassical and Quantum Mechanicsapi-26870484100% (2)
- GAUGE THEORY Past Present and Future PDFDocument18 pagesGAUGE THEORY Past Present and Future PDFconlabocallenadetierraNo ratings yet
- Fractional CalculusDocument28 pagesFractional Calculusapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Modern PhysicsDocument63 pagesModern Physicsapi-26870484100% (4)
- Side Channel Attacks: Evaluator: Prof. Jean-Jacques Quisquater, Math Rizk, ConsultingDocument47 pagesSide Channel Attacks: Evaluator: Prof. Jean-Jacques Quisquater, Math Rizk, ConsultingAshish Kumar AgnihotriNo ratings yet
- Rutherford Scattering-Cross-SectionsDocument12 pagesRutherford Scattering-Cross-Sectionsapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Field (Mathematics) : Commutative RingsDocument9 pagesField (Mathematics) : Commutative Ringsapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Another Method For Extracting Cube RootsDocument9 pagesAnother Method For Extracting Cube Rootsapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Ring TheoryDocument8 pagesRing TheoryJoy DasNo ratings yet
- Flowchart Problem SolvingDocument1 pageFlowchart Problem SolvingMohamad Shuhmy Shuib100% (1)
- FieldphyDocument3 pagesFieldphyapi-26870484No ratings yet
- Love&hapDocument38 pagesLove&hapapi-26870484No ratings yet
