5-1

5-2
5-3
5-4

 5-1

1. (open-hearth process)
2. (converter process)
3. (electric furnace process)
(crucible process)

 5-1-1

(open-hearth furnace)

()
()


PS
PS(
)

(turbo-hearth process)

 5-1-2
(Henry Bessemer)1856

PS
()

 5-1-3

1. (electric-arc furnace)
2. (resistance furnace)
3. (induction furnace)

1.

2.


1.

2. ()

1~5

()

 5-2


(blast furnace)

 5-2-1

(flux)
(Fe2O3)(Fe3O4)
(2Fe2O33H2O)(FeCO3)(FeS2)

(ore-dressing)

(sintering)

(coke)

(slag)

 (SiO2)
(limestoneCaCO3)
(CaSiO3)

(fluorsparCaF2)

()

(hearth)
(crucible)
8.3
10.3
(tuyere)
(cinder
notch)
(iron notch)


(bosh)(stack)
(throat)8

3~5 (hot blast

stove)


CO
CO2CO2
CO
2C () + O2 2CO
3CO + Fe2O3 () 2Fe + 3CO2
CO2 + C () 2CO


CO2 (SiO2)

CaCO3 () CaO + CO2

CaO + SiO2 () CaSiO3

(pig iron)()
(torpedo car)

 5-2-2

Si
MnSiMn

(
)LD(5-8(b))
O.L.P. (oxygen-lime process)
Kaldo(5-8(c))

Kaldo
O.L.P.

 5-2-3

(ingot)
(continuous casting)
(teeming
laddle)


(feeder head)

(rimmed steel ingot)(killed steel ingot)
(semi-killed steel ingot)
killed


()

(bloom)


(CO
)

0.15 %

(
)


CO

(shrinkage pipe)
0.25 %

(2-6)
10~20 %

0.15~0.25 %



(hot rolling)(cold rolling)

(soaking furnace)

(two-high mill)(threehigh mill)(universal mill)

(roll)

 (slab)
1250~1350 C

(billet)

 5-3

1.

2.
3. I

4.
5.

6.



1. FeC
MnSiPS

2. MnVCr
NiW

1.
2.
3.
4.


1.
2. 0.30 %()
3. 0.30 ~ 0.60 %
4. 0.60 %

1. 0.1 %
2. 0.15 ~ 0.25 %

3. 0.25 ~ 0.35 %

4. 0.35 %~ 0.60 %

5. 0.60 ~ 0.80 %
6. 0.80 %~ 2.0 %


1. (hypo-eutectoid steel)0.80 %
(pearlite)

2. (eutectoid steel)0.80 %

3. (hyper-eutectoid steel)0.80
%
(cementite)


1.

2. ()
(tool steel)

(stainless steel)
(spring steel)
(heat-resisting steel)
(magnetic steel)
(steels with special physical
properties)

 5-4

()

(sponge iron)

(1)
(2) (
100)

(3)


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. (
%)