TRAVERSE

Traversing is a form of a control survey that is used in a wide variety of surveys. Traverses are a
series of established stations that are linked together by the angle and distance between adjacent
points. The angles are measured by theodolites, and the distances are measured by an EDME.
STARTING CONTROL
The purpose of a traverse is to locate points relative to each other on a common grid. Surveyors
need certain elements of starting data, such as the coordinates of a starting point and an azimuth
to an azimuth mark. There are several ways to obtain the starting data, and surveyors should
make an effort to use the best data available to begin a traverse. Survey-control data is available
in the form of existing stations (with the station data published in a trig list) or new stations
(established by local agencies that can provide the station data).
OPEN TRAVERSE
An open traverse (Figure 6-1) originates at a starting station, proceeds to its destination, and ends
at a station with an unknown relative position. The open traverse is the least desirable traverse
type, because it does not provide the opportunity for checking the accuracy of the fieldwork. All
measurements must be carefully collected, and every procedure for checking position and
direction must be used. Therefore, the planning of a traverse should always provide for closure
of the traverse.

CLOSED TRAVERSE
A closed traverse either begins and ends on the same point or begins and ends at points with
previously determined (and verified) coordinates. In both cases, the angles can be closed and
closure accuracy can be mathematically determined.
TRAVERSE CLOSED ON A STARTING POINT
A traverse that starts at a given point, proceeds to its destination, and returns to the starting point
without crossing itself in the process is referred to as a loop traverse (Figure 6-2). Surveyors use
this type of traverse to provide control if there is little existing control in the area and only the
relative position of the points is required. While the loop traverse provides some check of the
fieldwork and computations, it does not ensure the detection of all the systematic errors that may
occur in a survey.

For this particular fieldwork we will be doing a closed traverse.

Azimuth traverse
OBJECTIVES:
1. To acquire the knowledge in getting the area of a rectilinear field by staking station on
each corner points on a piece of land.
2. To learn how to read the horizontal angles and distance readings on the total station.
3. To learn how to perform a closed azimuth traverse survey using the total station.
4. To develop the skills in the analysis of the area by DMD or DPD method.
5. To become well versed in working as part of a group and handling the total station.
PROCEDURE:
1. Assigning the corners of the hexagon to be observed. These points must be visible from
each adjacent point and must be accessible for setting the instrument. Mark each corner
with a chalk. The points were assigned by the group itself because of space availability
circumstances. We were forced to make the hexagon a relatively small one.
2. Set up the total station on the first station. Orient the instrument at north 0 degrees.
3. Set the vertical angle reading to 0 degrees in order to get the horizontal distance. Sight
the next station and record the horizontal angle and horizontal distance reading.
4. Transfer the instrument to the next station without changing its orientation then back
sight the previous station with the instruments inverted position in order to simply
extend the line coming from the previous station. Return the instrument to its original
position then sight the net station and record the distance and angle measured.
5. Repeat procedure until the last station and form a closed polygon.


DATA SHEET
AZIMUTH TRAVERSE WITH TOTAL STATION
DATE: MAY 13, 2014 GROUP NO: 1
TIME: 7:30-12 PM LOCATION: MIT NORTH BUILDING
WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: ENGR. CERVANTES

STATION
OCCUPIED
STATION
OBSERVED
AZIMUTH HORIZONTAL
DISTANCE
BEARING LATITUDE DEPARTURE
(+) N (-)
S
(+) E (-)W
1 2 2171 7.608 N 37 16 E 6.55 3.877
2 3 26720 10.867 N 87 28 E 2.17 10.65
3 4 28641 7.657 S 73 19 E 2.2 7.33
4 5 14034 9.364 S 50 34 W 5.95 7.23
5 6 13327 6.8333 S 43 27 W 4.96 4.7
6 1 24755 10.834 N 67 55 W 4.077 10.04

STATION
OCCUPIED
STATION
OBSERVED
BALANCED
LATITUDE
BALANCED
DEPARTURE
DMD DOUBLE
AREA
1 2 6.598 3.89 3.89
25.65764
2 3 2.24 10.67 18.45
41.24333
3 4 2.15 7.35 36.47
78.55313
4 5 5.89 7.20 36.61
-215.766
5 6 4.92 4.68 24.72
-121.5945
6 1 4.14 10.02 10.02
-41.43483

TOTAL AREA: 116.670615 m
2


SIGNATURE OF STUDENT:

SIGNATURE OF PROFESSOR:
COMPUTATIONS: ( Azimuth Traverse )
Formulas:
Latitude = Distance * cos(bearing)
Departure = Distance * sin(bearing)

L =

NL

SL

D =

ED

WD

CORRECTION FOR LATITUDE: K
L
=
L
/
DT
; CL = dK
L

CORRECTION FOR DEPARTURE: K
D
=
D
/
DT
; CD = dK
D

Latitude: Departure:
7.608*cos(37
o
16) = 6.55 7.608*sin(37
o
16) = 3.87
10.867*cos(87
o
28) = 2.17 10.867*sin(87
o
28) = 10.65
7.657*cos(73
o
19) = 2.2 7.657*sin(73
o
19) = 7.33
9.364*cos(50
o
34) = 5.95 9.364*sin(50
o
34) = 7.23
6.833*cos(43
o
27) = 4.96 6.833*sin(43
o
27) = 4.7
10.834 cos(67
o
55) = 4.07 10.834*sin(67
o
55) = 10.04

DT
= 7.608 + 10.867 + 7.657 + 9.364 + 6.833 +10.834

DT
= 53.163 m

L
= 13.11 12.79 = 0.32 K
L
= 0.32/53.163 = 6.0192 x 10
-3

D
= 21.97 21.85 = 0.12 K
D
= 0.12/53.163 = 2.2572 x 10
-3






CORRECTION (LATITUDE):
7.608 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.045794
10.687 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.065411
7.657 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.046089
9.364 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.056364
6.833 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.041129
10.834 * (6.0192 x 10
-3
) = 0.065212

CORRECTION (DEPARTURE):
7.608 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.017173
10.867 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.024529
7.657 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.017283
9.364 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.021137
6.833 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.015424
10.834 * (2.2572 x 10
-3
) = 0.024455

DMD:
ST.1-2 = 3.89
ST.2-3 = 3.89 + 3.89 + 10.67 = 18.45
ST.3-4 = 18.45 + 10.67 + 7.35 = 36.47
ST.4-5 = 36.47 + 7.35 - 7.20 = 36.61
ST.5-6 = 36.61 7.20 4.68 = 24.72
ST.6-1 = 24.72 4.68 10.02 = 10.02



DOUBLE AREA: (DMD*LATITUDE)
ST.1-2 = 3.89 * 6.55 = 25.65764
ST.2-3 = 18.45 * 2.17 = 41.24333
ST.3-4 = 36.47 * 2.2 = 78.55313
ST.4-5 = 36.61 * 5.95 = 215.766
ST.5-6 = 24.72 * 4.96 = 121.5945
ST.6-1 =10.02 * 4.07 = 41.43483

DA
= -233.34123
AREA = 116.670615

















SKETCH:


9.364m
S 50
O
34 W
7.657m
S 73
O
317 E
10.867m
N 87
O
28 E
7.608m
N 37
O
16 E
10.834m
N 67
O
55 W
6.833m
S 43
O
27 W
DETERMINATION OF RECTILINEAR AREA BY RADIAL TRAVERSING
OBJECTIVES:
1. To acquire the knowledge in getting the area of a rectilinear field by staking a central station.
2. To learn how to read the horizontal angle and horizontal distance on the total station.
3. To improve skills in the analysis of right triangles.
4. To improve the ability to lead or be part of a group.

PROCEDURE:
1. The points and sides of the hexagon assigned are the same when we did the azimuth traverse.
Radial traverse was done as a second trial in which we can compare then results we got from
the azimuth traverse.
2. Set up the total station where all corner points will be visible. This was very easy to do mainly
because the total station could get all of the necessary data as we sight the stations.
3. Sight the first corner then record the horizontal distance from the middle station then move the
instrument in a clock-wise fashion until you have sighted the second corner. Record the angle
between and repeat for the remaining corners.













DATA SHEET
DETERMINATION OF RECTILINEAR AREA BY RADIAL TRAVERSE
DATE: MAY 13, 2014 GROUP NO: 1
TIME: 7:30-12 PM LOCATION: MIT NORTH BUILDING
WEATHER: SUNNY PROFESSOR: ENGR. CERVANTES


STATION
OCCUPIED
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

O
a=12.851 a=5.815 a=6.817 a=13.285 a=4.783 a=4.783
b=5.815 b=6.817 b=13.285 b=4.783 b=4.783 b=12.851
=27
o
31 =119
o
44 =24
o
4 =28
o
28 =115
o
16 =44
o
57
Area=17.26
m
2

Area=17.21
m
2

Area=18.47
m
2

Area=15.14
m
2

Area=10.34
m
2

Area=21.71
m
2


TOTAL AREA=100.13 m
2







SIGNATURE OF STUDENT:

SIGNATURE OF PROFESSOR:

COMPUTATIONS: (Radial Survey)
Formulas:
AREA = AB sin
A
TOTAL
= A
1
+ A
2
+ A
3
+ A
4
+A
5
+A
6


A
1
= (12.851) (5.815) (sin (27
o
31))
A
1
= 17.26 m
2

A
2
= (5.815) (6.817) (sin(119
o
44))
A
2
= 17.21 m
2

A
3
= (6.817) (13.285) (sin(24
o
4))
A
3
= 18.47 m
2

A
4
= (13.285) (4.783) (sin(28
o
28))
A
4
= 15.14 m
2

A
5
= (4.783) (4.783) (sin(115
o
16))
A
5
= 10.34 m
2

A
6
= (4.783) (12.851) (sin(44
o
57))
A
6
= 21.71 m
2


A
TOTAL
= 17.26 + 17.21 + 18.47 + 15.14 + 10.34 +21.71
A
TOTAL
= 100.13 m
2





SKETCH:

1
= 27
o
31,
2
= 119
o
44,
3
= 24
o
4,
4
= 28
o
28,
5
= 115
o
16,
6
= 44
o
57

3
4.783 m
2
4.873 m
2
13.285 m
2
6.817 m
2
5.815 m
2
12.851 m
2
12.851 m
2
5.815 m
2
6.817 m
2
13.285 m
2
4.873 m
2
4.783 m
2

5
12.851 m
2
5.815 m
2
6.817 m
2
13.285 m
2
4.873 m
2
4.783 m
2

5
12.851 m
2
5.815 m
2
6.817 m
2
13.285 m
2
4.873 m
2
4.783 m
2

5
12.851 m
2
5.815 m
2
6.817 m
2
13.285 m
2
4.873 m
2
4.783 m
2

5
12.851 m
2
5.815 m
2
6.817 m
2
13.285 m
2
4.873 m
2
4.783 m
2

5
ADVANCED SURVEYING


FIELD WORK NO. 1
AZIMUTH TRAVERSE WITH TOTAL STATION,
DETERMINATION OF RECTILINEAR AREA BY
RADIAL TRAVERSING

COURSE AND SECTION: CE121-F/ A1

SUBMITTED BY:
BERNABE, Michael Eriko A.
2011105862
GROUP NO. 1
DATE OF FIELDWORK: 05-13-14
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 05-20-14

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES