Marine Explorers

Explorer: Polynesian
Time Period: 1800 BC to 1600 AD
(nomadic)
Accomplishments: frst known people to have understand of wave patterns and Pacifc
islands.
Technology: Single-hull canoe , Double-hull canoe
Navigation by stars and stick charts.
Explorer: Phoenicians: (Hanno, Himilco)
Time Period: 1550-300 BC
Accomplishments: main accomplishments was establishing the modern day trade
routs.
Technology: Phoenician Alphabet
Explorer: Vikings
Time Period: 861-1000 AD
Accomplishments: Discovered Iceland (Niddad)
Erik the Red: discovered Greenland
Leif Erikson: Discovered Helluland, Markland, and Vinland
Technology: Boats had sails and oars. Often used for cargo ships rather than combat.
Chinese
Under Admiral Zheng He
1404-1433
Used the Compass to Navigate
Known for huge ships
Sails were rigged with lines
Explorer: Prince Henry
Time Period: 1419-1460
Accomplishments: Set up frst european school for training sailors in navigation;
Sagres.
Technology:
Explorer: Challenger
Time Period: 1872-1876
Accomplishments: Undertook frst global marine research expedition.
First completely dedicate oceanographic ship investigation: went with purpose to study
light, depth, temp, and species of the ocean.
Technology:
Explorer: Fidgtof Nansen
Time Period: 1888-1896
Accomplishments: Considered father of Oceanography.
First expeditions to explore Greenland inland.
Proved there is ocean water under the North Pole, not land.
Technology: Ship: the Fram- designed to withstand ice and had plenty of storage.
Nansen Bottle: measured something to do with pressure
Explorer: Bathyscape Trieste (manned submersible)
Time Period: 1960
Accomplishments: frst manned dive to Mariana Trench
Technology:
Explorer: James Cameron
Time Period: 2012
Accomplishments: frst solo dive to Mariana Trench (deepest point) and only.
Discovered new species of Sea Cucumber and squid worm
Technology:
QUIZ:
- Sections 1.1 and 1.2
- Explain why ocean is considered one ocean
- Dif between ocean and sea
- Types of disciplines in marine science; 5 branches of marine sciences (fnd in intro)
- Main points of explorers: be able to list in chronological order and know main
accomplishments
-
biological, chemical, physical and geological oceanography
biological
chemical
geological
meteorological,
physical