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Math Formulas: Trigonometry Identities
Right-Triangle Denitions
1. sin =
Opposite
Hypotenuse
2. cos =
Adjacent
Hypotenuse
3. tan =
Opposite
Adjacent
4. csc =
1
sin
=
Hypotenuse
Opposite
5. sec =
1
cos
=
Hypotenuse
Adjacent
6. cot =
1
tan
=
Adjacent
Opposite
Reduction Formulas
7. sin(x) = sin(x)
8. cos(x) = cos(x)
9. sin

2
x

= cos(x)
10. cos

2
x

= sin(x)
11. sin

2
+x

= cos(x)
12. cos

2
+x

= sin(x)
13. sin( x) = sin(x)
14. cos( x) = cos(x)
15. sin( +x) = sin(x)
16. cos( +x) = cos(x)
Basic Identities
17. sin
2
x + cos
2
x = 1
18. tan
2
x + 1 =
1
cos
2
x
19. cot
2
x + 1 =
1
sin
2
x
Sum and Dierence Formulas
1
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20. sin( +) = sin cos + sin cos
21. sin( ) = sin cos sin cos
22. cos( +) = cos cos sin cos
23. cos( ) = cos cos + sin cos
24. tan( +) =
tan + tan
1 tan tan
25. tan( ) =
tan tan
1 + tan tan
Double Angle and Half Angle Formulas
26. sin(2 ) = 2 sin cos
27. cos(2 ) = cos
2
sin
2

28. tan(2 ) =
2 tan
1 tan
2

29. sin

2
=

1 cos
2
30. cos

2
=

1 + cos
2
31. tan

2
=
1 cos
sin
=
sin
1 cos
32. tan

2
=

1 + cos
1 cos
Other Useful Trig Formulas
Law of sines
33.
sin

=
sin

=
sin

Law of cosines
34.
a
2
= b
2
+c
2
2 b c cos
b
2
= a
2
+c
2
2 a c cos
c
2
= a
2
+b
2
2 a b cos
Area of triangle
35. A =
1
2
a b sin
2