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  • 10-1 Introduction To Metabolism

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    Lydda Cadiente
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    Metabolism involves the chemical reactions that maintain living organisms and allow them to import and utilize energy from their surroundings. These metabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones through catabolic reactions, releasing energy. The energy and components are then used to synthesize new complex molecules through anabolic reactions. Metabolic pathways occur through sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with the product of one reaction becoming the substrate for the next. Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into organelles like the cytosol and mitochondria allows separation of opposing processes and more efficient energy production and molecule synthesis.

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    First Year Biochemistry

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    10-1 Introduction to Metabolism

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    Metabolism involves the chemical reactions that maintain living organisms and allow them to import and utilize energy from their surroundings. These metabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones through catabolic reactions, releasing energy. The energy and components are then used to synthesize new complex molecules through anabolic reactions. Metabolic pathways occur through sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with the product of one reaction becoming the substrate for the next. Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into organelles like the cytosol and mitochondria allows separation of opposing processes and more efficient energy production and molecule synthesis.

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    13 views2 pages

    10-1 Introduction To Metabolism

    Uploaded by

    Lydda Cadiente
    Metabolism involves the chemical reactions that maintain living organisms and allow them to import and utilize energy from their surroundings. These metabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones through catabolic reactions, releasing energy. The energy and components are then used to synthesize new complex molecules through anabolic reactions. Metabolic pathways occur through sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, with the product of one reaction becoming the substrate for the next. Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways into organelles like the cytosol and mitochondria allows separation of opposing processes and more efficient energy production and molecule synthesis.

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    of 2

    INTRODUCTION to METABOLISM

    METABOLISM
    A. Living Organisms - maintain their complex orer in a !namic stea! state by importing "oo an
    energ! from their s#rro#nings
    - have mac$iner! needed to
    - liberate and store chemical energy from foods
    - create complex molecules from simpler ones building new structure
    these processes collectively are called meta%olism
    - involves trans"ormation by en&!me'catal!&e reactions of both matter an
    energ!
    B. Meta%olic (at$)a!s - sequence of enzymatic reactions
    - product of 1 enzyme reaction substrate for the next reaction
    - meta%olites or meta%olic intermeiates - successive products of the reactions
    C. T)o Aspects o" Meta%olism
    *. Cata%olism - egraative processes - complex molecules simpler ones
    a. Stage * - complex macromolec#les (starch, proteins, TA! smaller #nits
    (monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids!
    - little or no free energy is trapped
    %. Stage + - simple molec#les of different "inds "e) molec#les that can be oxidized to
    #$% and &%$ along a common pathway
    - some free energy is trapped as AT'
    c. Stage , -.inal Common (at$)a!/
    ' consists o" - citric acid (T#A! cycle
    - electron transport system
    - oxidative phosphorylation
    - oxidized acetyl #oA CO+ an 0+O
    - trap the available "ree energ! as AT(
    +. Ana%olism ' %ios!nt$etic aspect
    - combining building bloc" compounds complex macromolecules
    - require energ! inp#ts s#pplie %!
    - AT' from the catabolic pathways
    - high-energy hydrogen in the form of reduced nicotinamide-adenine
    dinucleotide phosphate ((A)'&!
    COM(ARTMENTALI1ATION o" METABOLIC (AT02A3S in CELLS
    A. Intracell#lar Compartments
    *. C!tosol - contains the enzymes that catalyze the following - glycolysis
    - pentose phosphate pathway
    - fatty acid synthesis
    +. Mitoc$onrial Matrix - contains the enzymes that catalyze the following
    - T#A cycle
    - oxidative phosphorylation
    - -oxidation of fatty acids
    - "etone body formation
    ,. Some Instances - some enzymes of a meta%olic pat$)a! is contained in the c!tosol and some
    contained in t$e mitoc$onrial matrix - gluconeogenesis
    - urea cycle
    B. Biologic Avantage o" Compartmentali&ation
    - allows separation of processes that proceed in opposite directions
    - ex* +atty Acid ,ynthesis - from acetyl #oA in the cytosol
    -$xidation of +atty Acids - to acetyl #oA in the mitochondrial matrix

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