Managing

Hypertension
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The Heart
The Heart

A fst-sized A fst-sized
muscular um l!i"# muscular um l!i"#
r$u#hl! i" the middle $% the r$u#hl! i" the middle $% the
chest& chest&

It ums 'l$$d %$r ()* da!s It ums 'l$$d %$r ()* da!s
er !ear& er !ear&

Pums a+a! Pums a+a!

$,!#e" a"d "utrie"t- rich $,!#e" a"d "utrie"t- rich
'l$$d thr$u#h the '$d!& 'l$$d thr$u#h the '$d!&
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H$+ d$es 'l$$d circulate.

Blood vessels Blood vessels are a

"et+$r/ $% elastic0 sm$$thl!
li"ed 1ies2 surr$u"ded '!
muscles 3 "er4e&

Arteries Arteries are 4essels that

carr! %resh 'l$$d %r$m heart
t$ '$d!&

Veins Veins retur" used 'l$$d

%r$m '$d! a"d heart t$
lu"#s&
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5hat is 6l$$d Pressure.
Blood pressure changes during the day.
It is lowest as you sleep and rises when you get up.
It also can rise when you are excited, nervous, or active.
6l$$d ressure is the
%$rce $% 'l$$d a#ai"st
the +alls $% arteries
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H$+ is 6P measured.
Systolic Blood Pressure:
Hi#hest 'l$$d ressure i" !$ur
arteries +he" !$ur heart 'eats&
Diastolic Blood Pressure:
Pressure that remai"s i" !$ur arteries
+he" !$ur heart rela,es 'et+ee"
'eats&
Conventional & digital
sphygmomanometers
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5hat is Hi#h 6l$$d Pressure8
H!erte"si$".

Hi#h 'l$$d ressure is als$ called

h!erte"si$"

hyper mea"s t$$ much0

tension re%ers t$ the ressure $"

the arter! +alls

I% EITHER !$ur s!st$lic $r diast$lic 'l$$d

ressure is c$"siste"tl! hi#h0 !$u ha4e
hypertension.
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5hat d$es !$ur 6l$$d Pressure
mea".
Category Systolic Diastolic Result
Normal <120 <80

Maintain or adopt
a healthy lifestyle.
Pre- hypertension 120- 139 80- 89

You could be at
risk of hypertension.

Maintain or adopt
a healthy lifestyle.
Hypertension
(Stage 1
hypertension)
(Stage 2
hypertension)
1!0
1"0
90
100

You ha#e hi$h

blood pressure.

Maintain or adopt
a healthy lifestyle.

%f blood pressure
$oal isn&t reached in
about " 'onths(
take one or 'ore
'edications.
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Hi#h 6l$$d Pressure S!mt$ms Hi#h 6l$$d Pressure S!mt$ms

It has "$ s!mt$ms a"d ca" #$ It has "$ s!mt$ms a"d ca" #$
u"detected %$r !ears& u"detected %$r !ears&

Pe$le +h$ ha4e hi#h 'l$$d ressure Pe$le +h$ ha4e hi#h 'l$$d ressure
t!icall! t!icall!
d$":t /"$+ it u"til their 'l$$d ressure is measured d$":t /"$+ it u"til their 'l$$d ressure is measured& &
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S$metimes Pe$le +ith Hi#h 6l$$d
Pressure Ha4e the F$ll$+i"# S!mt$ms<
HEA=A>HE =I??INESS
6L@RRE= AISIBN Nausea
C
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5hat are causes $% h!erte"si$"


Ris/ %act$rs 'e!$"d $ur c$"tr$l
Ris/ %act$rs 'e!$"d $ur c$"tr$l
A#e A#e
Famil! Hist$r! Famil! Hist$r!
De"der De"der
Race
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Ris/ %act$rs +ithi" $ur c$"tr$l
Ris/ %act$rs +ithi" $ur c$"tr$l
Ph!sical I"acti4it! Ph!sical I"acti4it! B4er+ei#ht8B'esit! B4er+ei#ht8B'esit! Hi#h Salt I"ta/e Hi#h Salt I"ta/e
Stress Stress Alc$h$l >$"sumti$" Alc$h$l >$"sumti$" >i#arette Sm$/i"# >i#arette Sm$/i"#
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Eti$l$#!

Esse"tial h!erte"si$"<
)
F CEG $% cases
)
hereditar! c$m$"e"t

Sec$"dar! h!erte"si$"<
)
H 1EG $% cases
)
c$mm$" causes< chr$"ic /id"e! disease0
re"$4ascular disease
)
$ther causes< street dru#s
)
5hite c$at ht
1-
Tar#et-Br#a" =ama#e

6rai"< str$/e0 tra"sie"t ischemic

attac/0 deme"tia

E!es< reti"$ath!

Heart< le%t 4e"tricular h!ertr$h!0

a"#i"a

Kid"e!< chr$"ic /id"e! disease

Periheral Aasculature< eriheral

arterial disease
1(
Tips to o!ering High
Blood Pressure
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Lifestyle Modifcation
Lifestyle Modifcation
Maintain a Healthy "eight Be Physically Active # $%ercise $at o! Sodiu& 'Salt( )ood
)ollo! Healthy $ating Plan
*uit S&o+ing
,o Alcohol
Stress Manage&ent
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Tar#eted 'l$$d ressure %$r
h!erte"si$".
Tar#et 'l$$d ressure< Tar#et 'l$$d ressure<
H 17E8CEmmH# H 17E8CEmmH# %$r %$r
u"c$mlicated u"c$mlicated
h!erte"si$" h!erte"si$"
3 3
H 1(E8;EmmH# H 1(E8;EmmH# %$r %$r
atie"ts +ith atie"ts +ith
dia'etes mellitus 3 dia'etes mellitus 3
chr$"ic /id"e! disease& chr$"ic /id"e! disease&
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Ta/e I$ur Medicati$"s
Al$"# +ith li%est!le cha"#es0 s$me
e$le +ill "eed 1 $r m$re medicati$"s
t$ /ee their 'l$$d ressure u"der
c$"tr$l&
It is im$rta"t t$ /"$+ +hat medicati$"s
!$u are ta/i"#0 u"dersta"di"# h$+ the!
+$r/ a"d h$+ t$ ta/e them&
The" d$ itJ
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M!ths 3 Facts
Myth < Blood pressure &edications
cause too &uch side
e-ects
Fact : Less than 10% of people
experience intolerable side
effects. Changing medication or
dose can usually reduce or
eliminate these effects.
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Myth : . dont need &y &edications
any&ore
no! that &y /lood pressure goal is
reached.
Fact: Blood pressure medications help lower
blood pressure only as long as you tae
them. !f you stop" it can go bac up.
#ence" continued treatment and follow
up is important. $ou may be able to
stop in some instances but you must
wor closely with your doctor to do so.
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0o&&on 0ategories o1
Blood Pressure Medications
1& =iuretics
-& 6eta 6l$c/ers
(& A"#i$te"si"->$"4erti"# E"z!me I"hi'it$rs
KA>EIL
7& A"#i$te"si" MII Recet$r 6l$c/er KAR6L
*& >alcium >ha""el 6l$c/ers K>>6L
)& Alha 6l$c/ers
9& >$m'i"ati$" =ru#s

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2. Diuretics
2. Diuretics
E,amle<

Frusemide

H!dr$chl$r$thiazide

6umeta"ide

Amil$ride

Sir$"$lact$"e
15ater ills2
5$r/ $" the /id"e!s '! Nushi"#
e,cess +ater a"d s$dium thr$u#h uri"e
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-& 6eta 6l$c/er
-& 6eta 6l$c/er
E,amle<

Ate"$l$l

Met$r$l$l

>ar4edil$l

La'etal$l

6is$r$l$l

S$tal$l
Reduces "er4e imulses t$
the heart 3
'l$$d 4essels&
The heart 'eats less $%te"
3 +ith less %$rce0
thus reduci"# ressure&
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(& A"#i$te"si"- >$"4erti"#
(& A"#i$te"si"- >$"4erti"#
E"z!me KA>EL I"hi'it$rs
E"z!me KA>EL I"hi'it$rs

E,amle<

Peri"d$ril

>at$ril

Ramiril

E"alaril
Pre4e"t %$rmati$" $% a
h$rm$"e called a"#i$te"si" II
+hich "arr$+s 'l$$d 4essels&
6l$$d 4essels +ill rela, 3
reduce the ressure&
It als$ r$tects the /id"e!&
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7& A"#i$te"si"- II Recet$r 6l$c/er
7& A"#i$te"si"- II Recet$r 6l$c/er

E,amle<

Aalsarta"

L$sarta"

Telmisarta"

Ir'esarta"
These r$tect 'l$$d
4essels %r$m a"#i$te"si" II&
6l$$d 4essels +ill +ide"0 thus
reduci"# 'l$$d ressure&
It als$ r$tects /id"e!&
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*& >alcium >ha""el 6l$c/er K>>6L
*& >alcium >ha""el 6l$c/er K>>6L

E,amle<

Aml$dii"e

Fel$dii"e

Ni%edii"e

Aeraamil

=iltiazem

These re4e"t calcium %r$m
e"teri"# muscle cells $% the
heart 3 'l$$d 4essels&
6l$$d 4essels rela,0 thus
ressure #$es d$+"&

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)& Alha- 6l$c/er
)& Alha- 6l$c/er

E,amle<

Praz$si"

The! reduce "er4e imulses t$
'l$$d 4essels0 all$+i"# 'l$$d
t$ ass m$re easil!&

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9& >$m'i"ati$" =ru#s
9& >$m'i"ati$" =ru#s
6ri"#s the 'e"efts $% - $r m$re
medicati$"s i" $"e ill&
E#< =iuretic O AR6

E,am
le<

Telmisarta" O
H!dr$chl$r$thiazide

Aalsarta" O
H!dr$chl$r$thiazide

Ir'esarta" O
H!dr$chl$r$thiazide

L$sarta" O
H!dr$chl$r$thiazide

Amil$ride O
H!dr$chl$r$thiazide
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