E

s
Worked Example
Estimate the Ultimate Moment M
u
for the beam shown below, considering the following:
0.85f
ck
/g
c
= 0.567f
ck


d - s/2
b = 200 mm
d = 500 mm
f
ck
= 30 MPa

f
yk
= 500 MPa

E
s
= 200 GPa

A
s
= 982 mm
2
[e.g. 2 bars f=25mm]
Step 1. Define the position of the NA through iterations
Iteration 1. x = 250 mm
F
cc
= 0.567f
ck
(0.8x)b
Since x = d/2 e
st
= 0.0035
e
y
= 0.00217
> e
y
= 0.00217 steel yields
therefore
F
st
=

g
s
f
yk
A
s
= (500/1.15)(982) = 427 kN
F
cc
> F
st

Internal Equilibrium of forces not achieved
e
st
= 0.0035
= 0.567 x 30 x 0.8 x 250 x 200 = 680 kN
f
s
= E
s
e
s
Elastic Range
f
yk
/g
s
= E
s
e
y
e.g.
I
t
-
1
,

x
=
2
5
0

Iteration 2. x = 160 mm
F
cc
= 0.567f
ck
(0.8x)b
Internal forces are in equilibrium
0.0035
x
e
st
d - x
= therefore e
st
=(0.0035)(500-160) / 160 = 0.0070
> 0.00217
steel yields
F
cc
~ F
st

ok
e
s
= 0.0070
therefore
F
st
=

g
s
f
yk
A
s = (500/1.15)(982) = 427 kN
I
t
-
2
,

x
=
1
6
0

= 0.567 x 30 x 0.8 x 160 x 200 = 435 kN
(difference of ~ 1.8 %)
e
st

e
cu
= 0.0035
x = 250

NA
e
st,1
>
x < 250

Iteration 2. x < 250 mm (Alternative)
Fcc = Fst = 427 kN
since steel yields for x < 250
we can do:
x = 157 mm
which leads to:
to satisfy F
cc
= F
st
Step 2. Determine the resisting moment (Mu) of the section
we know that F
cc
~ F
st
= 427 kN
and d s/2
finally
M
u
= F
st
(d s/2)
= 187 kNm
= 500 (0.8) (157/2) = 437 mm
g
s
= 1.15

g
c
= 1.5

d-x