UNIVERSIDAD DEL MAGDALENA

Mayo de 2014

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
ANALISIS NUMERICO

Taller Tercer seguimiento

Integrantes:
Edilber Ortega Salcedo
Jos Henao Fernndez
GRUPO 02

1. Dada la funcin () = +

Use el polinomio interpolador de Lagrange P3 con los nodos x0 = 0.5 , x1 = 1, x2 = 2,

x3 = 2,5 para aproximar f(1,2) y f(1,5).

Grafique en un mismo plano cartesiano la funcin f y P 3. Trabaje con seis dgitos de

precisin.
Solucin:
El polinomio de Lagrange es:

() = ( ) ()
=0

Y para el valor de Lx, tenemos que:

() =
=0

Para P3:
3

3 () = ( ) ()
=0

3 () = (0 )0 () + (1 )1 () + (2 )2 () + (3 )3 ()
3 () = (0,5)0 () + (1)1 () + (2)2 () + (2,5)3 ()

3 () = 4,50 () + 31 () + 32 () + 3,33 ()
3

0 () =
=0
0

( 1 )( 2 )( 3 )
( 1)( 2)( 2,5)
=
=
(0 1 )(0 2 )(0 3 )
(0.5 1)(1 2)(1 2,5)

1 () = 3=0
1

= 0,6667 x 3 + 3,6667 x 2 6,3333x + 3,3333

(0 )(2 )(3 )
(1 0 )(1 2 )(1 3 )

(0,5)(2)(2,5)
(10,5)(12)(12,5)

= 1,3333 x3 -6,6667 x2 +9,6667x-

3,3333
3

2 () =
=0
2

( 0 )( 1 )( 3 )
( 0,5)( 1)( 2,5)
=
=
(2 0 )(2 1 )(2 3 )
(2 0,5)(2 1)(2 2,5)
= 1,3333 x 3 + 5,3333 x 2 5,6667x + 1,6667

3 () =
=0
3

( 0 )( 1 )( 2 )
( 0,5)( 1)( 2)
=
=
(3 0 )(3 1 )(3 2 )
(2,5 0,5)(2,5 1)(2,5 2)
= 0,6667 x 3 2,3333 x 2 + 2,3333x 0,6667

Luego; ^
3 () = 4,5(0,6667 x 3 + 3,6667 x 2 6,3333x + 3,3333 ) + 3( 1,3333 x3 6,6667 x2
+ 9,6667x 3,3333) + 3(1,3333 x 3 + 5,3333 x 2 5,6667x + 1,6667 )
+ 3,3(0,6667 x 3 2,3333 x 2 + 2,3333x 0,6667 )
3 () = 0,8001 x 3 2,7001 x 2 1,3003x + 7,8000
Como 3 () () entonces;
(1,2) 0,8001 (1,2)3 2,7001 (1,2)2 1,3003(1,2) + 7,8000
(1,2) 0,968923
De igual manera:
(1,5) 0,8001 (1,5)3 2,7001 (1,5)2 1,3003(1,5) + 7,8000
(1,2) 2,926013
GRAFICAMENTE
600
400
200
0
-10

-5

0
-200
-400
-600

-800
-1000

10
f(x)

P3(x)

2.

De una funcin f se conocen los siguientes datos:

xk
f (xk)

0
2

1
-2

2
-1

3
0

Determine el valor aproximado de

() , a partir de:
Un polinomio de interpolacin de Lagrange.
3

3 () = () ( )
=0

3 () = 0 () ( ) + 1 () (1 ) + 2 () (2 ) + 3 () (3 )
Donde 0 , 1 , 2 y 3 son los siguientes resultados:
3

0 () = (
=0
0

)
0

1
2
3
0 () = (
)(
)(
)
01
02
03
0 () = 0.16667 3 + 2 1,83333 + 1
3

1 () = (
)
1
=0
1

0
2
3
1 () = (
)(
)(
)
10
12
13
1 () = 0,5 3 2,5 2 + 3
3

2 () = (
=0
2

)
1

0
1
3
2 () = (
)(
)(
)
20
21
23
2 () = 0,5 3 + 2 2 1,5
3

3 () = (
=0
3

)
1

0
1
2
3 () = (
)(
)(
)
30
31
32
3 () = 0.16667 3 0,5 2 + 0,333333

Ahora terminando el ejercicio se tiene lo siguiente:

3 () = 2 (0.16667 3 + 2 1,83333 + 1) 2 (0,5 3 2,5 2 + 3) 1
(0,5 3 + 2 2 1,5)
3 () = 0,166666 3 + 5 2 8,17 + 2

4. Use la definicin de diferencias divididas para deducir la frmula para calcular 3 y 4

. Tenga en cuenta que los se encuentran en la diagonal de la tabla de diferencias
divididas

3 = [0 , 1 , 2 , 3 ] =

[1 , 2 , 3 ] [0 , 1 , 2 ]
3 0

[2 , 3 ] [1 , 2 ] [1 , 2 ] [0 , 1 ]

3 1
2 0
3 =
3 0
[3 ] [2 ] [2 ] [1 ] [2 ] [1 ] [1 ] [0 ]

3 2
2 1
2 1
1 0

3 1
2 0
3 =
3 0

4 = [0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] =

[1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] [0 , 1 , 2 , 3 ]
4 0

[2 , 3 , 4 ] [1 , 2 , 3 ] [1 , 2 , 3 ] [0 , 1 , 2 ]

4 1
3 0
4 =
4 0

[3 , 4 ] [2 , 3 ] [2 , 3 ] [1 , 2 ] [2 , 3 ] [1 , 2 ] [1 , 2 ] [0 , 1 ]

4 2
3 1
3 1
2 0

4 1
3 0
4 =
4 0

[4 ] [3 ] [3 ] [2 ] [3 ] [2 ] [2 ] [1 ] [3 ] [2 ] [2 ] [1 ] [2 ] [1 ] [1 ] [0 ]

4 3
3 2
3 2
2 1
3 2
2 1
2 1
1 0

4 2
3 1
3 1
2 0

4 1
3 0
4 =
4 0

5. Supongamos que es una funcin cuya primera, segunda y tercera derivada

son continuas en R y considere los nodos 0 = 1 , 1 = y 2 = + 2 con
1 > 0, 2 > 0 y .
a. Construya el polinomio interpolador de Newton 2 que aproxime a f en los
nodos dados.

b. Utilice 2 para probar que

2
2

2
1 +2

(+2 )()
2

()(1)
1

0 = 1
1 =
2 = + 2
2 () = 0 + 1 ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )( 1 )
2 () = 0 + 1 ( ( 1 )) + 2 ( ( 1 ))( )
2 () = 0 + 1 ( + 1 )) + 2 ( 2 + (2 + 1 ) + 2 1 )

=
=
= +

[ ]
[0 ]
[1 ]
[2 ]

[ , ]
[0 , 1 ]
[1 , 2 ]

[ , ,

[0 , 1 , 2 ]

[0 ] = ( 1 )
[1 ] = ()
[2 ] = ( + 2 )
[0 , 1 ] =

[1 ] [0 ] () ( 1 ) () ( 1 )
=
=
1 0
+ 1
1

[1 , 2 ] =

[2 ] [1 ] ( 2 ) () ( + 2 ) ()
=
=
2 1
+ 2
2

[1 , 2 ] [0 , 1 ]
[0 , 1 , 2 ] =
=
2 0

( + 2 ) () () ( 1 )

2
1
2 + 1

Entonces el polinomio interpolador de Newton viene dado de la siguiente manera:

() ( 1 )
( + 1 ))
1
( + 2 ) () () ( 1 )

2
1
+
( 2 + (2 + 1 ) + 2 1 )
2 + 1
2 () = ( 1 ) +

 () ( 1 )
=
+

( + 2 ) () () ( 1 )

2
1
(2 + (2 + 1 ))
2 + 1

2
2
( + 2 ) () () ( 1 )
=
[

]
2 2 + 1
2
1
2
2
( + 2 ) () () ( 1 )
|

]
2 = 2 + 1
2
1

6. Aplique las formulas cerradas de Newton Cotes (la regla del trapecio, la regla de
Simpson, la regla de los 3/8 de Simpson y la regla de Boole) para aproximar la
siguiente integral:
5

2 4

Tenemos que:

; a = 3; b = 5;

f(x)= 2

x=0,60437558

Solucin por la regla del trapecio:

n=1
x0 = a = 3
x1 = b = 5
h=

1 0

53
1

=2
5

2
[(0 ) + (1 )] = [(3) + (5)]
2
2

2 4
5

1[0,44721359 + 0,21821789]
2
3 4
5

0,66543148
2
3 4

Solucin por Simpson:

n=2
x0 = a = 3
x2 = b = 5
h=

2 0

53
2

=1

x1= x0 + h = 3 + 1 = 4
5

[(0 ) + 4(1 ) + (2 )] = [(3) + 4(4) + (5)]

2
3
3
3 4
5

[0,44721359 + 1,15470053 + 0.21821789]

2
3
3 4
5

0,60671067
2
3 4

Solucin por 8 de Simpson:

n=3
x0 = a = 3
x3 = b = 5
h=

3 0

53
3

=3
2

x1= x0 + h = 3 + 3 =
x2= x1 + h =

11
3

11

+ =

3
13

3
5

2 4

3
[(0 ) + 3(1 ) + 3(2 ) + (3 )]
8

1
11
13
[(3) + 3 ( ) + 3 ( ) + (5)]
2
4
3
3
3 4
5

[0,44721359 + 0,97618706 + 0,78039897 + 0,21821789]

2
4
3 4
5

0,60671067
2
3 4

Solucin por Boole:

n=4
x0 = a = 3
x4 = b = 5
h=

4 0

53
4

=2
1

x1= x0 + h = 3 + 2 = 2
7

x2= x1 + h = 2 + 2 = 4

x3= x2 + h = 4 + 2 = 2
5

2
[7(0 ) + 32(1 ) + 12(2 ) + 32(3 ) + 7(4 )]
2
45
3 4
5

1
7
9

[7(3) + 32 ( ) + 12(4) + 32 ( ) + 7(5)]

2
45
2
2
3 4
5

[3,130495168 + 11,14096998 + 3,4601615 + 7,938223014

2
45
3 4
+ 1,527525232]
5

0.60447366
2
3 4

7. Aproxime la integral utilizando los mtodos del trapecio compuesto con 6

subintervalos, Simpson compuesto con 8 subintervalos y los 3/8 de Simpson
compuesto con 6 subintervalos.
1

2
0

Solucin:
Regla Compuesta Del Trapecio
n=6
0 = = 0
6 = = 1
=

10 1
=
6
6

1 = 0 +

1 1
=
6 6

2 = 1 +

1 1
=
6 3

3 =

1 1 1
+ =
3 6 2

4 =

1 1 2
+ =
2 6 3

5 =

2 1 5
+ =
3 6 6

[() + () + 2 () ]
2
=1

1 2
1 3
(1 ) = ( ) (6) = 0.0045
6

1 3 (1)2
(2 ) = ( ) 3 = 0.0331
3
1 2
1 3
(3 ) = ( ) (2) = 0.0973
2

2 3 (2)2
(4 ) = ( ) 3 = 0.1899
3
5 2
5 3
(5 ) = ( ) (6) = 0.2889
6
1

3
0

16
[0 + 0.3678 + 2 (0.0045 + 0.0331 + 0.0973 + 0.1899 + 0.2889]
2

. .

Regla Compuesta De Simpson

=8
0 = = 0 () = 0
2 = 16 = = 1 () = 0.3678
=
1 = 0 +

16 0
10
1
=
=
2
16
16
1
1
=
(1 ) = 0.0002
16 16

2 =

1
1
1
+
= (2 ) = 0.0019
16 16 8

3 =

1 1
3
+
=
(3 ) = 0.0063
8 16 16

4 =

3
1
1
+
= (4 ) = 0.0146
16 16 4

3 2

5 =

1 1
5
+
=
(5 ) = 0.0276
4 16 16

6 =

5
1
3
+
= (6 ) = 0.0458
16 16 8

7 =

3 1
7
+
=
(7 ) = 0.0691
8 16 16

8 =

7
1
1
+
= (8 ) = 0.0973
16 16 2

9 =

1 1
9
+
=
(9 ) = 0.1297
2 16 16

10 =

9
1
5
+
= (10 ) = 0.1651
16 16 8

11 =

5 1
11
+
=
(11 ) = 0.2025
8 16 16

12 =

11 1
12
+
=
(12 ) = 0.2403
16 16 16

13 =

12 1
13
+
=
(13 ) = 0.2771
16 16 16

14 =

16 1
7
+
= (14 ) = 0.3115
16 16 8

15 =

7 1
15
+
=
(15 ) = 0.3421
8 16 16
1

=1

=1

2
4
[() + ()] +
(2) +
(21)
3
3
3

Luego:
1

3
0

2(116)
3

4(116)
3

1
16 [0.3678]
3

[()2 + (4 ) + (6 ) + (8 ) + (10 ) + (12 ) + (14 )]

[(1 ) + (3 ) + (5 ) + (7 ) + (9 ) + (11 ) + (13 ) + (15 )]

3
0

+
+

1
[0.0019 + 0.0146 + 0.0458 + 0.0973 + 0.1651 + 0.2403 + 0.3115]
24

1
[0.0002 + 0.0063 + 0.0276 + 0.0691 + 0.1297 + 0.2025 + 0.2771 + 0.3421]
12
1

3
0

1
[0.3678]
48

1
1
1
[0.3678] +
[0.8765] + [1.0546]
48
24
12

. .

Regla Compuesta De Los 3/8 De Simpson

n=6
0 = = 0 () = 0
3 = = 18 = 1 () = 0.3678
=
=

1 = 0 +

3 0
3

10
1
=
3(6) 18

1
1
=
(1 ) = 0.0001
18 18

2 =

1
1
1
+
= (2 ) = 0.0013
18 18 9

3 =

1 1
1
+
= (3 ) = 0.0045
9 18 6

4 =

1 1
2
+
= (4 ) = 0.0104
6 18 9

5 =

2 1
5
+
=
(5 ) = 0.0198
9 18 18

6 =

5
1
1
+
= (6 ) = 0.0331
18 18 3

7 =

1 1
7
+
=
(7 ) = 0.0505
3 18 18

8 =

7
1
4
+
= (8 ) = 0.0720
18 18 9

9 =

4 1
1
+
= (9 ) = 0.0973
9 18 2

10 =

1 1
5
+
= (10 ) = 0.1259
2 18 9

11 =

5 1
11
+
=
(11 ) = 0.1570
9 18 18

12 =

11 1
2
+
= (12 ) = 0.1899
18 18 3

13 =

2 1
13
+
=
(13 ) = 0.2236
3 18 18

14 =

13 1
7
+
= (14 ) = 0.2569
18 18 9

15 =

7 1
5
+
= (15 ) = 0.2889
9 18 6

16 =

5 1
8
+
= (16 ) = 0.3187
6 18 9

17 =

8 1
17
+
=
(17 ) = 0.3452
9 18 18

Luego:
1

3 2

=1

=1

=1

3
3
9
9
[f() + ()] +

(3) +
(32) +
(31 )
8
4
8
8

3 2

3(18)
4

3(118)
8

[0.3678]

[(3 ) + (6 ) + (9 ) + (12 ) + (15 )]

9(118)

9(118)

3
0

1
[0.0001 + 0.0104 + 0.0505 + 0.1259 + 0.2236 + 0.3187]
16

1
[0.0013 + 0.0198 + 0.0720 + 0.1570 + 0.2569 + 0.3452]
16
2

[(2 ) + (5 ) + (8 ) + (11 ) + (14 ) + (17 )]

1
1
[0.3678] +
[0.0045 + 0.0331 + 0.0973 + 0.1899 + 0.2889]
48
24

[(1 ) + (4 ) + (7 ) + (10 ) + (13 ) + (16 )]

. .

1
1
1
1
[0.3678] + (0.6137) + (0.7292) + (0.8522)
48
24
16
16