HYPERNATREMIA

Presented By:
Group II:
Balaba, Ceria Raym T.
Cabarles, Ma. Antonette C.
Casas, Joann T.
Gialolo, Jennifer C.
Ollosa, Ami A.
Obaredes, Mark Grason L.
 What is
HYPERNATREMIA ?
•
•A plasma sodium level
greater than 145meq/L.
• Sodium excess in the
blood.

 Who are prone to it?
• Common on older adults and
debilitated people, who may not
recognize that they are thirsty or
unable to get themselves to drink.
• It also occur in people to take
diuretics which cause the kidney
to excrete.
• Those with diabetes insipidusor
diseases of hypothalamus of the
pituitary gland.
 What are the causes?
 Inadequate water intake with decrease
thirst.
 Excessive or rapid IV administration of
normal saline solution.
 Kidney disease
 GI or skin problems.
 Vomiting
 Diarrhea
 Polyuria
 NPO status
 High salt intake.
•
 What are the symptoms?
 Dry, sticky mucus membrane
 Flushed skin
 Rough and dry tongue.
 Oliguria – anuria
 Firm skin turgor
 Edema
 Intense thirst
•
 Contributing Conditions
 Hypovolemia hypernatremia
 Renal losses, diuretics
 Profuse diaphoresis, decreased thirst,
burns, diarrhea.
 Euvolemic hypernatremia
 Excess fluid losses from skin and
lungs, diabetes insipidus
 Hypovolemic hypernatremia
 Administration of concentrated saline
solution
 Hypertonic feedings
 Diagnostic Findings
 Plasma Na level- more than
145 meq/L.
 Plasma osmolality more than

295 meq/L.
 Plasma Cl level more than

106 meq/L.
 Medical Management
•GOAL:
• Correction of the body water
osmolality, with restoration of cell
volume, by decreasing the ratio of
sodium to water to ECF.
•

 Hyperosmolar electrolyte solution.

 Diuretics
 Na restriction
 Nursing Diagnosis
 Hypernatremia related to
decrease thirst
 Hypernatremia related to

excessive administration of
salt solutions.
 Interventions
 Monitor clients for response to IVF
replacement of hypotonic electrolyte
solution, return to normal Na level.
 Maintain prescribed rate of IV, use IV
pumps.
 Offer water and fluids hourly to clients
with hypovolemic hypernatremia.
 Consult with dietician and physician
regarding used for fluid and Na
restriction.
 Teach client and family members.
Intense thirst

edema

Firm skin turgor

 THANK YOU VERY
MUCH !!!
•

•
Have a nice day.. God bless..