N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Lun vn
n Thit k thp mm
xuyn l x l amoniac
(NH3)

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 1

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

MC LC
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGUN NGUYN LIU V PHNG PHP x L NH3............3
1.1.......................................................................................................................................................

Tnh

cht

.......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.1

Amoniac l g?.............................................................................................................................3

1.1.2

Tnh cht vt l..............................................................................................................................3

1.1.3

Tnh cht ha hc.........................................................................................................................3

1.1.4

Tnh bazo......................................................................................................................................3

1.1.5

Tc dng vi 02.............................................................................................................................3

1.1.6

Tc dng vi kh Clor...................................................................................................................4

1.1.7

Tnh acid......................................................................................................................................4

1.1.8

iu ch.......................................................................................................................................4

1.2

ng dng.................................................................................................................................................5

1.3

c tnh..................................................................................................................................................5

1.4

Cp cu v iu tr.................................................................................................................................6

1.5

Cc vn mi trng lin quan n NH3..............................................................................................6

1.6

Cc loi thp hp th..............................................................................................................................8

1.6.1

thp a.........................................................................................................................................8

1.6.2

Thp phun...................................................................................................................................10

1.6.3

Thp m....................................................................................................................................11

1.6.4

Thp mng..................................................................................................................................12

CHNG 2: so CNG NGH................................................................................................................14

CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT K THP MM XUYN L................................................................15
3.1................................................................................................................................. S liu thit k ban u
........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.2

Tnh ton cc s liu thit k...............................................................................................................15

3.2.1

S cn bng vt cht ca thp mm xuyn l.........................................................................15

3.2.2

ng cn bng.........................................................................................................................16

3.2.3

ng cn bng vt cht............................................................................................................17

3.2.3.2 Nng u ra ca NH3.............................................................................................................17

3.2.3.3 Hiu sut....................................................................................................................................17
SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 2

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

3.2.4

Lp ng lm vic ca NH3......................................................................................................18

3.2.5

Tnh ng knh thp................................................................................................................19

3.2.6

Tnh chiu cao thp tnh t hai mp ni np v y....................................................................21

3.2.7

Thuyt k l trn mm................................................................................................................21

3.2.8

Tnh ton tr lc.........................................................................................................................22

Chng 4:TNH TON co KH V CC THIT B PH TR..................................................................24

4.1

Tnh thn thit b...................................................................................................................................25

4.2

Tnh y np elip c g........................................................................................................................27

4.3

Tnh ton ng dn tho liu...................................................................................................................28

4.4

4.3.1

Tnh ton ng dn kh vo...........................................................................................................28

4.3.2

Tnh ton ng dn kh ra.............................................................................................................28

4.3.3

ng knh ng dn lng............................................................................................................29

4.3.4

Vi phun.....................................................................................................................................29

Tnh mt bch........................................................................................................................................29
4.4.1

Bch ni cc thn ca thit b......................................................................................................29

4.4.2

Bch ni ng dn vi thit b.......................................................................................................30

4.5

Khi lng thp....................................................................................................................................30

4.6

Chn .................................................................................................................................................31

4.7

4.8

4.6.1

Chn chn c

3chn........................................................................................................31

4.6.2

Chn tai treo...............................................................................................................................32

Tnh ton thit b ph tr.......................................................................................................................33

4.7.1

Tnh ton qut thi kh................................................................................................................33

4.7.2

Tnh ton chn bom....................................................................................................................34

Tnh ton ng khi................................................................................................................................36

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 3

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGUN NGUYN LIU V

PHNG PHP X L NH3
1.1 Tnh cht
1.1.1

Amoniac l g?

Thut ng 'amnic' c ngun gc t mt lin kt ho hc c tn l 'clorua ammoni' c tm

thy gn n thi thn Mc tinh Ammon Ai Cp.Ngi u tin ch ra amnic nguyn cht l nh ho
hc Dzoz Prisly.ng thc hin thnh cng th nghim ca mnh vo nm 1774 v khi ngi ta gi
amnic l 'cht kh kim'.
1.1.2

Tnh cht vt l

Amnic l mt cht khng mu, mi khai v xc, nh hn khng kh (Khi lng ring D =
0,76g/l. Amnic ho lng -34c v ho rn -78c. Trong s cc kh, amnic tan c nhiu nht
trong nc. Mt lt nc 20c ho tan c 800 lt NH3. Hin tng tan c nhiu gii thch do c
tng tc gia NH3 v H20, l nhng cht u c phn t phn cc.
1.1.3

Tnh cht ha hc

S phn hu nh bit, phn ng tng hp NH 3 l thun nghch. iu ny c ngha, amnic c

th phn hu sinh ra cc n cht N 2 v H2. Amnic phn hu nhit 600 - 700c v p sut thng.
Phn ng phn hu l phn ng thu nhit v cng thun nghch.
2NH3 ^ 3H2 + N2
1.1.4

Tnh bazo

Nhng hai a thu tinh vo hai bnh ng dung dch HC1 c v dung dch NH3 c sau a
hai u a thy tinh li gn nhau th s thy khi mu trng. Khi mu trng l nhng ht nh ca tinh
th mui amoni clorua . Cht ny c to do hai kh HC1 v NH 3 ho hp vi nhau theo phng trnh
phn ng:
NH3 + HC1 - NH4C1
1.1.5

Tc dng VI 02

t amnic trong oxi, n chy vi ngn la mu vng ti NH 3 b oxi ho bi oxi to ra N 2 v

H?0 .
4NH3 + 302 - 2N2 + 6H20 + Q
Trong th nghim hn hp NH3 v 02 c dn i qua ng ng cht xc tc Pt nung nng. Kh
NO sinh ra, i ti bnh cu l ni c

nhit thng,

thho hp

vi

trong khng kh to ra kh N02 mu nu .

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 4

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

NH3 + 50?-> 4NO + 6H20

NO2 ^2NO + 2
1.1.6

Tc dng vi kh Clor

Dn kh NH3 vo bnh kh Cl2, hn hp kh t bc chy to ra ngn la c khi trng . Phng

trnh phn ng:
2NH3 + 3C12 - 6HC1 + N2
Khi trng l nhng ht nh tinh th NH4CI c

to nn do HC1 sau khi sinh ra

li ho hp ngay vi NH3: NH3 + HC1 - NH4CI.

1.1.7

Tnh acid

Nh ta bit NH3 l mt baz tuy nhin n cn l mt acid:

Li3N(s)+ 2NH3 (1) -> 3Li+(am) + 3 NH2(am)
NH3 nh l Ligand Tetraamminecopper(II), [Cu(NH3)4]2+, c mu xanh dng m khi thm
ammonia vo trong dung dch mui ng (II). Diamminesilver(I), [Ag(NH 3)2]+, c gi l tc cht
Tollens' reagent.
1.1.8

iu ch
> Tng hp t' thin nhin:

Trong khng kh c mt lng amnic khng ng k sinh ra do qu trnh phn r ca ng vt

v thc vt.
NH3 c sn xut t N2 trong khng kh di xc tc ca cc enzim nitrogenases.
Trong c th cc ng vt trong qu trnh trao i cht sinh ra NH 3 v n ngay lp tc chuyn
thnh Ur.
Tng hp ho hc
NH3 c sn xut bng cch chng ct than to mui amni sau em tc dng vi vi sng:
2 NH4CI + 2 CaO - CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2 NH3
Trong cng nghip ngi ta iu ch NH 3 t H2 (c iu ch bng nhiu cch khc nhau) sau
em tc dng vi N2 ly t khng kh. Phn ng xy ra thun nghch nn phi thm xc tc cho sn
phm v hiu sut mong mun
3H2 + N2 ^ 2 NH3
1.2 ng dng
a. Lm phn bn
NH3 c xem nh l thnh phn ca phn bn. NH3 c th c bn trc tip ln rung ng
bng cch trn vi nc ti m khng cn thm mt qu trnh ho hc

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 5

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

NH3 tc dng vi acid (HCl, HNO3 ...) to mui l thnh phn chnh ca phn bn ho hc.
Amni Sunphat l mt loi phn bn tt. Amni Nitrat cng c s dng nh mt loi phn bn v cn
nh mt dng thuc n.
Khi cho amnic tc dng vi CO2 nhit 180-200c, di p sut khong 200atm ta iu ch
r (NH2)2CO l cht rn mu trng, tan tt trong nc, cha khong 46%N :
CO2 + 2NH3 (NH2)2CO + H20

Trong t di tc dng ca cc vi sinh vt ur b phn hy cho thot ra amoniac, hoc chuyn

dn thnh mui amonicacbonat khi tc dng vi nc:

(NH2)2CO + 2H20 (NH4)2co3

b. K ngh lm lnh
NH3 l cht thay th CFCs, HFCs bi v km c v t bt chy. Trong phng th nghim v phn
tch NH3 c xem nh l hn hp kh chun cho vic kim sot pht thi mi trng, kim sot v sinh
mi trng,cc phng php phn tch dng vt.
c. K ngh in t
NH3 c s dng trong cng ngh sn xut cht bn dn v mt s vt liu cao cp khc thng
qua s ngng t Silicon nitride (S3N4) bng phng php ngng t bc hi ho hc: Chemical Vapor
Deposition (CVD).
d. Mt s ng dng khc
NH4CI c s dng trong cng ngh hn, ch to thc n kh v trong y hc... NH 3 c s
dng trong cng nghip du kh, thuc l, v trong cng ngh sn xut cc cht gy nghin bt hp php.
1.3 c tnh
a. c tnh ca amnic
Trong phn ny chng ti ni ti c tnh chung cho 3 dng ca amoniac:

Kh amoniac (NH3).

Kh amoniac ha lng.

Dung dich amoniac (NH4OH).

b. i vi ng vt thu sinh

NH3 c xem nh l mt trong nhng k git git hi chnh th gii thu sinh, s nhim c
NH3 thng xy ra i vi nhng h nui mi hoc nhng h nui c nhng c mt nui ln.
c. Triu chng
C th dc trn mt nc, mang c b tm hoc bm, C b hn m v mt phn x, C b cht
chm y nc, C b gh xc vy hoc c th.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 6

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

> i vi ngi: Khi ht phi hoc tip xc trc tip vi NH 3. Th kh, ho, ht hi khi ht
phi, c hng b rt, mt, mi v mi b phng, tm nhn b hn ch, Mch mu b gim p nhanh chng,
Da b kch ng mnh hoc b phng.Trong mt s trng hp nu ht phi NH3 nng m c c th
b ngt, thm ch b t vong.
> Nhim c cp tnh: Nng kh NH 3 trn 100 mg/m3 gy kch ng ng h hp r
rt.Tr s gii hn cho php lm vic vi phng tin phng h trong mt gi l t 210-350 mg/m 3.
1.4 Cp cu v iu tr
Trong trng hp ht phi NH3 cn a nhanh nn nhn ra khi mi trng c hi, cho nm
ngh, th oxi, iu tr triu chng; quan st y hc lin tc 24gi tr ln pht hin cc bin i h hp.
Trng hp b nhim da cn nhanh chng ra sch bng nc hoc dung dch c tc dng trung
ha bo v da, iu tr triu chng.Trng hp b nhim mt phi khn trng ra mt tht k.
1.5 Cc vn mi trng lin quan n NH3
-Trong qu trnh nui tm ,c, cc qu trnh x l nc thi: nc thi, kh thi v bn do phn
hu c, xc ng vt, xc(v) tm sau khi tiu ho thc n th chng c thi ra trong iu kin k kh
di s tc dng ca vi khun trong nc xut hin H2S, NH3, CH4 ... cc cht ny rt c cho ao nui
v cc ng vt thu sinh.
-Cc trng hc trc y thng khng quan tm n vn v sinh mi trng trong vic thit
k v vn hnh cc nh v sinh ( nhim NH3 trm trng) gy nh hng n sc kho v tm sinh l ca
hc sinh.
-Cc v r r kh NH3 t cc nh my phn bn, sx nc , ng lnh... cng nh hng ln
n sc kho cng nhn v cng ng xung quanh....
a. Ngun pht thi
> Lm phn bn.
> K ngh lm lnh.
> K ngh in t.
> NH4CI c s dng trong cng ngh hn.
> NH3 c s dng trong cng nghip du kh, thuc l, v trong cng ngh sn xut
cc cht gy nghin bt hp php.
b. Cc cng ngh x l:
X l ho hc
Da vo tnh cht ho hc ca NH3 ta c th x l NH 3 bng cc phun cc dung dch acid
long (HCl, H2SO4..) hp th ho hc NH3.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 7

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

2NH3 + H2S04= (NH4)2S04

X l sinh hc
B sinh hc mng vi lc (MBR) x l nit, ammonia trong nc thi. Vic kh cht nhim ny
ch thc hin duy nht mt qu trnh l kh nitrit. Qu trnh ny gm hai giai on chnh l giai on
nitrit ha bn phn v kh nitrit thng qua h thng mng vi lc.Trong ti Bc u nghin cu
phn lp vi khun c kh nng s dng NH3, H?S trong kh thi nh l ngun c cht dinh dng s
dng chng vi khun arthobacter cho vic x l NH3.
X l NH3 bng h tu tin c thm cc cht trao i ion nh Zeolit. NH3 l mt kh c, v
cng l mt kh c nhiu ng dng trong k ngh.Tuy nhin so vi nhng cht kh thi khc th NH3 t
c hi v x l tng i n gin, vn quan trng l trong k thut lm lnh chng ta c gng hn
ch ti a s c mi trng xy ra, ng thi lun c bin php i ph gim thiu thit hi v nh
hng mi trng xung quanh.
X l c hc
Nh vo kh nng ho tan tt trong H?0, Khi s c mi trng xy ra (r r kh amoniac) th bin
php n gin nht l cch ly ngi dn v phun nc pha long.
1.6 Cc loi thp hp th
1.6.1

thp a
a. Thp a c ng chy chuyn
1. Thp mm chp

Thp a thng cu to gm thn hnh tr thng ng, bn trong c t cc tm ngn (a) cch
nhau mt khong nht nh. Trn mi a hai pha chuyn ng ngc hoc cho chiu:lng t trn xung
(hoc i ngang), kh i t di ln hoc xuyn qua cht lng chy ngang; y tip xc pha xy ra theo
tng bc l a.Ty thuc cu to ca a cht lng trn a c th l khuy l tng hay l dng chy
qua. Trn a c cu to c bit lng i t- a trn xung a di theo ng ring gi l ng chy
chuyn, a cui cng ng chy chuyn ngp su trong khi cht long y thp to thnh van thy lc
ngn khng cho kh (hi hay lng) i theo ng ln a trn.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 8

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

s thp mm chp
1-a; 2-chp; 3-ng hi; 4-ng chy chuyn

Pha kh (hi hay lng) xuyn qua cc l, khe chp, khe li,hay khe xupap sc vo pha lng trn
a. e phn phi u cht lng ngi ta dng tm ngn iu chnh chiu cao mc cht lng trn a.
+ u im: Hiu sut truyn khi cao, hot ng n nh, lm vic vi cht lng bn, t tiu hao
nng lng.
+ Nhc im: cu to hc tp, tr lc ln, nng.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 9

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

2. Thp mm l Thp a li hnh tr, bn trong c nhiu

a,

c l trn, hoc rnh. Cht lng chy t trn xung qua cc

ng

chy chuyn. Khi i t' di ln qua cc l hoc rnh a. a

th lp cn bng hoc xuyn mt gc vi dc 1/45- 1/50.

Thp mm l

+ U im: ch to n gin, v sing d dng, tr lc t hn thp chp, t tn kim loi hn thp

chp.
+ Nc im: yu cu lp t cao, mm lp phi rt phan.
b. Thp a khng c ng chy chuyn
Trong trng hp ny kh v lng cng chy qua
mt l trn a, v vy khng c hin tng gim
chiu cao cht lng trn a nh trong cc loi thp
c ng chy chuyn, v tt c b mt a du lm
vic, nn hiu qu ca a cao hn. V vy trong
nhng nm gn y loi thp ny c s dng rng
ri.
Thp a khng c ng chy chuyn cng c nhiu
loi nhung ch yu c hai loi: a l v a rnh.
a l c cu to bi cc tm ngn v tm phang,
trn c nhiu l trn c b tr u. L c ng
knh 2-8mm ph thuc vo cht lng. Thp a

Thp mm khng c ng chy chuyn

a) a l; b ) a rnh; c ) a snq

rnh l a gm nhiu thanh hoc l nhiu ng ghp

li vi nhau to thnh cc khe h 3-4mm . ngoi ra
a

cn
c cuto hnh

Cc sng gn nhau hp thnh gc 90. Hi i t di ln

sng, trn c

l.

qua l phn sng li, cn lng

i t trn xung qua phn sng lm.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 10

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH
Kh

1.6.2

Thp phun

Loi ny gm thn v 1 ng vi phun

2. Nhng ht cht lng s c phun ra v tip xc vi
dng kh i t di ln v qu trnh hp th xay ra. Loi
thit b ny khng ph hp vi cc loi kh kh ho tan.
Ngoi ra cn c nhng loi hp thu c hc. Cht lng bn
trong cc phu, kh s c tip xc vi cht long v
qu trnh hp th. Kh chuyn ng qua thit b theo ng

ra
c

Thit b loi phun 1- thn; 2-vi phun

ngon ngoo gia cc bc. Cht lng chy t trn xung v ly ra y. B phn bn tung cht lng
c gn vo mt trc quay, c tc dng tr hon s chy ca cht lng trong phu, to kh nng tip xc
tt vi pha kh.

Tit b hp th c hc loi cnh khuy

1

4-U.

0 4.-..^

thung 2 thanj 3 trc narn ngang) 4 a

dch ra

1-thn; 2- a; 3-trc vi b phn bn cht

lng; 4-ca vo ca cht lng; 5-ca vo ca
I^!'.

g.rr, tch bt; 7-ca kh tr; 8-dung

+ U im: Thp hp th rng c thit k dng kh chuyn ng theo tuyn c bit v vi

phun t dc theo chiu cao thp c th t hiu qu hp th rt cao.
+ Khuyt im: yu cu lp t cao, mm lp phi rt phan.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 11

 N X L KH

1.6.3

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Thp m

Cu to gm: thn thp rng bn trong y m lm t vt liu khc nhau (g, nha, kim
loi, gm,..) vi nhng hnh dng khc nhau (tr, cu, tm, yn nga, l xo,..); li m, ng dn
kh v lng vo ra. e phn phi u lng ln khi m cha trong thp, ngi ta dng b phn
phn phi dng: li phn phi (lng i trong ng - kh ngoi ng; lng v kh i trong cng ng);
mng phn phi, vi phun hoa sen (dng tr, bn cu, khe); bnh xe quay (ng c l, phun quay,
);...
Cc phn t- m c c trng bng: ng knh d, chiu cao h, b dy . i vi m
tr, h = d cha c nhiu phn t nht trong 1 n v th tch.
- Khi m c c trng bng cc kch thc: b mt ring a (m2/m3); th tch t do 8 (m3/m3);
ng knh tng ng d(t) = 4r(thy lc) = 4.s/n = 4 e/a; tit din t do s (m2/m3).
Khi chn m cn lu : thm t tt cht lng; tr lc nh, th tch t do v v tit din
ngang ln; c th lm vic vi ti trng ln ca lng v kh khi 8 v s ln; khi lng ring nh;
phn phi u lng; c tnh chu n mn cao, r tin, d kim... e lm vic vi cht long bn nn
chn m cu c khi lng ring nh.
u - nhc im - ng dng
+u: cu to n gin; tr lc theo pha kh (hot ng ch mng/qu )
nh.
+Nhc: hot ng km n nh, hiu sut thp; d b sc; kh tch nhit, kh thm t.
+ng dng:
- Dng trong cc trng hp nng sut thp: thp hp th kh, thp chng ct,...
- Dng trong cc h thng tr lc nh (nh h thng ht chn khng,...).

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 12

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Gos
outlet
Liquid distributor

1.6.4

Thp mng

Be mt tip xc pha l b mt cht lng chy thnh mng theo b mt vt rn thng l thng
ng. Be mt vt rn c th l ng, tm song song hoc m tm.

t. Thp mng dng ng:

C cu to tng t thit b trao i nhit dng ng chm, gm c ng to
mng c gi bng hai v ng hai u, khong khng gia ng v v thit
b tch khi cn thit. Cht lng chy thnh mng theo thnh ng t' trn
xung, cht kh (hi) i theo khong khng gian trong mng cht lng t di
ln.

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 13

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

b. Thp mng dng tm phng:

Cc tm m t dng thng ng c lm t nhng vt liu khc nhau (kim loi, nha, vi
cng treo trn khung...) t trong thn hnh tr. e m bo thm t u cht lng t c 2 pha tm m
ta dng dng c phn phi c bit c cu to rng ca.

c. Thp mng dng ng khi lng v kh i cng chiu:

Cng c cu to t cc ng c nh trn 2 v, kh i qua thn gm cc ng phn phi tng
ng t ng trc vi ng to mng. Cht lng i vo ng to mng qua khe gia 2 ng. Khi tc kh
ln s ko theo cht lng t di ln chuyn ng di dng mng theo thnh ng to mng. Khi cn
tch nhit c th cho tc nhn lnh i vo khong khng gian gia v v ng. e nng cao hiu sut
ngi ta dng thit b nhiu bc ging nhau.
-Thy ng lc trong thit b dng mng:
+ Khi Re < 300 - chy mng , b mt pha nhn trn + Khi 300 < Re
< 1600 - chy mng bt u c gn sng + Khi Re > 1600 - chy ri
Khi c dng kh chuyn ng ngc chiu s nh hng

ln
n

ch

chy
ca mng. Khi , do lc ma st gia kh v lng s c cn tr mnh

ca
dng

kh

lm b
dy mng tng ln, tr lc dng kh tng. Tip tc tng vn tc dng kh s dn n cn bng gia trng
lc ca mng lng v lc ma st v dn n ch sc (nhiu khi pha kh ch 3-6m/s xy ra sc). Khi
tc vt qua tc sc s lm ko cht lng theo pha kh ra ngoi.
-

u v nhc im ca thp mng:

+ u:
- tr lc theo pha kh nh.
- c th bit c b mt tip xc pha (trong trng hp cht lng chy thnh mng).
- c th thc hin trao i nhit.
+ Nhc:
- nng sut theo pha lng nh.
- cu to phc tp, khi vn hnh d b sc.
+ ng dng:
- trong phng th nghim
SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 14

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

- trong trng hp c nng sut thp

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 15

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

- trong nhng h thng cn tr' lc thp (h thng ht chn khng,...)

CHNG 2: S CNG NGH

Thit minh quy trnh cng ngh:
Kh x l kh NH3 c ly t cc nh my sn xut phn bn , sn xut phn Ure, s c thu li
ri sau dng qut thi kh vo thp hp th (thp mm xuyn l). Dung dch dng hp th l nc.
Thp hp th lm vic nghch chiu: nc c bm ln bn cao v mc ch l n nh lu lng, t
cho vo thp t trn i xung, hn hp kh c thi t di ln v qu trnh hp th xy ra.
Hp th xy ra trong on thp c b tr cc mm. Hn hp kh tr i ra nh thp s c cho i
qua ng khi pht tn kh ra ngoi khng gy nh hng n cng nhn.
Dung dch sau hp th y thp c cho ra bn cha. Ti y, dung dch lng ny s c x l
sao cho nng ca nc thi t c nng cho php c th thi ra mi trng.

Kh tr

9. NG KHI 8. QUT
THI KH 7. B N CHA
NC B N 6. VAN
5. THN THP 4. LNG
K CHT LNG 3. BN
CAO V 2. BM NC 1.
B CHA XC

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 16

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT K THP MM XUYN

L
3.1S liu thit k ban u
- Nng sut l hi 5000 m3/h.
- Nhit u vo ca thp 30c.
- Nhit ra 30c.
- p sut kh thi: p = latm = 760mmHg.
3.2Tnh ton cc s liu thit k
3.2.1

So cn bng vt cht ca thp mm xuyn l

DNG KH RA

DNG LONG VO

G, Gtr, yr

L, Ltr, xv, xv

THP HP THU

DNG KH VO

DNG

G, Gtr, yv

LNG RA

L,

Ltr, xr,

xr

ngha cc k hiu tnh ton:

Xv - T s mol kh trong dng lng vo thp hp th ( kmolNH3/kmolH20 ). xr- T s mol
kh trong dng long ra thp hp th ( kmolNH3/kmolH20 ).
Yv - T s mol kh trong hn hp kh thi vo thp hp th (kmolNH 3/kmolkk ). Yr - T s
mol kh trong hn hp kh thi ra thp hp th (kmolNH 3/kmolkk ). xv - Phn mol kh
trong pha lng i vo thp hp th (kmolNH3/kmolhh ). xr - Phn mol kh trong pha lng ra
khi thp hp th (kmolNH3/kmolhh ). yv - Phn mol kh trong dng kh khi i vo thp
hp th (kmolNH3/kmolhh ).
yr - Phn mol kh trong dng kh khi i ra thp hp th (kmolNH3/kmolhh ). G - Sut lng hn hp
kh ( kmolhh/h ).

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 17

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Gtr-Sut lng kh tr (kmoltr/h ).

L - Sut lng nc (kmolH20/h ).
Ltr - Sut lng cu t lng tr (kmoltr/h ).
3.2.2

ig cn bng

(tra s tay qttb tp 2)

Y*= m*x

i+Cm-i)*

Vi m = - p
Trong :
H l hng s Henry ph thuc vo nhit ca cht kh, mmHg p p sut ca kh ang
xt, mmHg

nhit t = 30c Hx106 = 0.00241

mmHg p = 760 mmHg
m = 0.00241 Xl0'6 - 760 = 3.17
ng cn bng ca NH3 30c c dng Y* =
X

0.0002

0.0006

0.001

0.000634

0.0019

0.003163

3.17XX
1+2.17XA

0.0014
0.004425

Phng trnh ng lm vic tng ng c dng: Y* = 3.16xX+106

3.2.3

ig cn bng vt cht

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 18

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

3.2.3.1 Tnh cho Im3

^

Cick

PV

Gk = ckk

X 29

11,673

g/m3

0.082x^273+39)

lxl

0.082x(273+39)

rnolhhkhi 4n _ _ mol

0.04025

40.25

m3

= 40.25 X 29 = 1167,25 g/m3 Gnh 3 = 1% Gk =

11.673
\H - --------------- 0.6866 mol/m
Mng phn mol ca NH3
0.6866

Jv

40.25

___ molNH3

= 0.0171

mol khi

3.2.3.2 Nng u ra ca NH3

0.05
71VH
SH

= 2.9 X 103

moi

*.~y

* 17

y, = r~ = 7.3 X 10-5 molNH3/mol kh

3.2.3.3

Hiu sut T s phn mol ca dng kh i vo, ra thp hp th

Yv= =

= 0.0174

1-y v

Yr =

1-0.0171

>v

7.3X0-5

=
l-yr 1-7.3x10 5

_5 = 4.37 X 10 4

mol

molNH

7noi khi

khi

'

Hiu sut thp hp thu

yj^r = 'oi74-4 37X10-^

^ yv

0.0174

3.2.3.4 Ta c
Gtr Gvx(l-yv)

Trong Gv =

1X5000

kmo

= 201.24

0.082x303

Gtr = 201.24 X ( 1 -0.0171)= 197.8 7

kmol

Gr = Gtr X (vr + 1) = 197.8X(4.37 X 104 + 1) = 197.9

3.2.4 Lp ig lm vic ca NH3
Lmin = G (7-^-7)
Trong cho Xv l t s mol kh NH3 trong dng lng vo thp hp thu

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 19

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

(~~T~77')> Xv= 0
K

mol hh lng

Xmax =

QQ1

3,16

3,16

qf~* = 5.5 X 10 -3 (

IHUL un inj/

^kmol

-> Lmin = 610 ~Y~

Lng dung mi thc t ly t 1.2 lng dung mi ti thiu:

_ kmo

L = 1.2xLmin= 1.2x610 = 732

^ xr Y v~ Y r 0.0174- 4.37X10'-1

____5 mOliH

xr = =

-T
= 2.31x10 5 1

732

mol hh lng

Phng trnh ng lm vic ca NH3 s i qua hai im:

( xv; Yr) = (0; 4.37 X 10~4)

(Xr; Yv) = (2.31 X 10 "5; 0.0174)

Phng trnh ng cn bng pha c dng:

Y* = 3.16xX+10'6 V ng lm vic v ng cn
bng trn cng mt th
molNH 3

nq cn bnq pha nq lm vic

T th trn ta chn s mm l thuyt l 1

'

smm

lthuyt

S mm thc t Ntt =--------------------

tt

1
E0

Theo th s mm l thuyt Nit = 11

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 20

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

T th 5.24a (stt2) mi lin h gia hiu sut mm murphree v hiu sut tng qut.
m = 3.17
r= 0.801 X 10'3^
L

Pl= Pnc

= 1000

a ML =

Mnc= 18 g/mol
^
PL

Eu

=0.7

Nu 15.7
Chn 16 mm.
3.2.5 Tnh ng knh thp
D=

Gth

y 0,785xoiy

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 21

Ga lu lng trang bnh ca pha kh ()

G

^r = 2Hi^l = 199.57^
2h

Grb= 199,57x22.4x = 4961.6 = 1.37

273

t}

Tnh vn tc kh.
C0yt = c xc nh theo phuong trnh y = 10x e'4x
vi y =

_ ayt*-Py

X( )

0 16

X = )0'25 X C^)0'1-5
G

Px

trong :
Hx, M-y (N.s/m2) nht ca lng nc 20c.
px, py (kg/m3) khi lng ring ca pha lng kh.
Gx, Gy (kg/h) lun lng pha lng, kh.
g = 9.81 (m/s2) gia tc trng trng.
dtd = 6 (mm) ng knh tung ng ca l.
Ftd=

f.d din zieh mt ct t do ca ia

=

2 / 3x

--------- - ^---------------------(m /m )
din ich chung ca M

Ta C Ftd t 10% -> 30%, chn Ftd=20%=0.2 Px=

Pnc = 1 000 kg/m3 (tra s tay tp 1 trang 187)
ix (30C)= 0.801X10'3 (N.s/m2)
Hn(20C) = 1.005* 10'3 (N.s/m2)
[0.0027xAfvKa +(l0.002

22.4x303 -> Py=

1.14(kg/m3)
Gx= Lx 18 = 749x 18 = 13482(kg/h)

Gy = 201.24x29 = 5835.96 (kg/h)

=

X273

_ ^f^Q.25 ^
Gy

x= 0.528 y =
10x e4x y=1.2

- rkM
x=

W Gy

0,125

X () '16= 0.0432a4
yt

gxd d xF t d xp x vr/
1.39
x 9
- )r= = 27.74
r
* 0.0432

OJ3.t = 5.26 (m/s) Vn tc lm vic

= (0.8-H3.9) )y (y =5.26x0.8 = 4.2
(m/s)

I 1. 3 V
D = 1= = 0.64 (m)

r\ - A /

0.785x4.2

0.785X6^,

Chn D = 1 (m) theo tieu chun

ft>k = K

3.2.6

0.785x0-

~s= 1.74(m/s)
v

Tnh chiu cao thp tnh t hai mp ni np v y

c tnh theo cng thc sau: (theo cng thc X.54/ trang 169 Stt2)
H = Ntt(H +s a) + HCp (m)
-

Ntt = 16 s a thc t

Sa chiu dy ca a thp, m

s t 0. H0.3 ln ng knh l mm.

-

Chn STa = 0.3x0.006 = 0.0018 (m)

Chn Sa = 3 (mm)

HCp (0.8 -- 1), m khong cch cho php nh v y thit b vi HCp gm :

+ hi khong cch cho php mp di ni np n thit b phn phi lng ( chn h|= 0.25
m)
+ h2 khong cch t thit b phn phi long n mm th (chn h2 = 0.3 m)
+ h3 khong cch t mm cui cng ti mp trn ni y thp ( chn h3=0.45m)

H C p = lm
Vi D=l(m) chn khong cch gia cc a H = 0.3m (stt2/ trang 184)

H = Ntt(H +s a) + Hcp (m)

= 16x(0.3 0.003) I 1 = 5.9 (m)
Chn H = 6 (m)
3.2.7

Thuyt k l trn mm
dt = 6 mm.

Tng din tch t do ca l bng 20% tit din l - tng din tch l.

7lXD~
TXl2
F,5 = 0.2x() = 0.2x() = 0.157 m2
4

157000 mm

Din tch ca mt l trn a f l = t 3,:Uxb-30 mm2

/

Tng s l trn a n = ^ = l3' QQQ = 5233 (l)

30

Cch phn b l theo hnh tam gic u tm l, khong cch gia hai tm l l
15mm.

3.2.8

Tnh ton tr lc

Tr lc trong thp a l khng c ng chy chuyn c tnh theo cng thc.

P Pk + APt
Ta c:
Pk : tr lc a kh (N/m2)
Pk = 4 X

cng thc (IX. 144 Stt2/trang 195)

Trong
- co0 (m/s) tc kh qua l
- Py (kg/m3) khi lng ring ca kh
- (, h s tr lc ( i vi a l = 2.1, i vi a li = 1.4 + 1.5, i vi a li
ng lm bng cc on li ng trn a = 0.9+ 1).
Chn = 2.1 Vn tc kh qua l c tnh
C0 = = = 9 (m/s)
F td 0.2 v '

-> APt = x^
92X1.14

= 2.1X96.96(N/m2)
APt tr lc thu tnh ca lp cht long trn a.
APt = pbxgxhb
Trong :
-hb chiu cao lp bt tren a:
h
= 4*d*x0-2
hb = 4x0.006(------9--2 = 0.1 (m)
^9.81x0.006'

v7

"Pb khi lng ring ca lp bt trn a (kg/m3)

A Q V,

pb = 0.43 X

'\ 0,3 25 V . 0.18 w 0.036.,

Gy

X () X p

px

Hy

Trong :
Gx = 13482(kg/h).

Gy = 5835.96 (kg/h). px= 1000

(kg/m3).
Py= 0.724

(kg/m3). |J,X = 0.801

X10"3
m
273+c

T 2/3

'.VJ3 - 'o x r+c X (273)

Tra bng 1.113 Stt2/trang 115). c= 503

/I0 = 93xl07rf
T =303K

m
273+503

-7

- n W = 93 X 10 7 X
*VHa

303

X ()

303+503

2737

1/7

*7

*Y.5

= 96 X 10 7 ^
m2

.. ______-^kh:________________ _________
^kh m>M2 ri-TC)xM.v2
|X32
(1-|)X28
Po 2

'V

<*^2

_ 1 7 1 X 1 O7
u
m-

191,4X10-7 16SX10-7

_ __________^kh_________________________________]
M-y- mxMiVH (i-m)xAf khl' -4->.17 ra4-',x29

Pb
= 0.43 X (
K

5835.96

) -

5000^
165X10"

, 1.14 . n i g ,0.501x10 s. 0 Q3(; * ns* r\

X (-T-)
X (-)
V
v
100(T

0.17x10

X1000

pb = 191.48 kg/m3
APt = 191.48x9.81x0.1= 187.86-^

APd Pk + APt
= 96.96+187.86 = 284.82

N.s

^
191^X10"

.15482 . 03->5
3Z5

^-5
m

KT 5CO I

----------J----------a+i
P.Vhs

Tr lc ca ton thp APthp = Nttx AP = 16x284.82 = 4557.1 -77

 N x'L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Chng 4:TNH TON co KH V CC THIT B PH TR

Chn vt liu ch to thn, y, np... ca thp l thp CT3 vi k = 380x1o6 -%
m

c= 240xl06-^.

(theo bng XII.4 Stt2/trang 309).

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 27

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

4.1 Tnh thn thit b

p sut lm vic ca thp:
p = APthp + Pi + Pkh
Trong Pthp = 0,0456x1 o5-^7 p,
=pxgxH
Trong H= 6,54m chiu cao ton b ca thp p, =

1000x9.81x6.54= 0.64x1 o5-^m

p khi = 0.981 xio5^-

p= 0,0456x 1 0 +0.64x 10 + 0.981X1 o

5

= 0.16 X1 o6 4r

Chn thn thit b l thn hnh tr hn:

Khi ch to loi ny cn ch :
-

m bo ng hn cng rn cng tt, Ch

hn gip ni.

B tr cc ng hn dc cc on thn

tr ring bit ln cn cch nhau t

nht lOOmm
-

B tr cc mi hn cc v tr d quang st.

Khng khoang l qua mi hn.

Chiu dy thn hnh tr c xc nh theo

cng thc:

trong
Dt ng knh trong ca thn thit b (m)
6 iV

p = 0.16 X10 7 p sut lm vic trong thit b.

m

ng sut dc trc, N/m2

380xl0
_

rj = k

k k = X

X 1 = 146.2 X 10 6 4

2.6
240xi
1.
5

X 1= 160 X 104

trong
| l h s hiu chnh. Thp hp thu ny l thp loi I (nhn nhco? l kh c khi
nng cao). Tra bng XIII.2 gi tr ca h s hiu chnh, trang 256, s tay qu trnh v thit b

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 28

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

cng ngh ha cht tp 2)

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

TRANG 29

Ta chn | = 1
nk. nc ln lt l h s an ton theo gii hn ko v chy. Tra bng XIII.3, trang 356,
s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2), ta c: nk = 2.5 nc= 1.5

c = Ci + c2 + c3
Ci l s b sung do n mn, chn Ci = lmm c2 l

h c b sung do bo mn, chn c2 = 0

C3 l h s do dung sai ca chiu dy ( t r a bng XII.9 Stt2/ trang 364) chn c3= 0,3

mm.

c = 1.3mm

x0.i6x0

^ 2=

* s=

1.3xl0' J = 1.87xl0' 3 (m)

v7

2x146x10 X0,9 5-0,16x10

Chn chiu dy thn st = 3mm (theo bn XII.9 Stt2/trang 364).

Kim tra ng sut ca thnh theo p sut th (dng nc), p sut th c tnh ton nh sau
(P0) ( cng thc XIII.27 Stt2/trang 366)
Po= Pth + Pi
Trong
Pth p sut th thu lc c ly theo bng (XIII.5 Stt2/trang 358),
Pi Ap sut thu tnh ca nc, J
m

Po = (0.16+0.1 )x 1 o6 + 0.064X 1 o6 = 0.324X 1 o6

Kim tra ng sut ca thn thit b theo p sut th tnh ton theo cng thc (XIII.26
Stt2/trang 365).
_ [Pt+(s-c)]xPc [l-f(3-1.3)xlQ~;]x0,324xl06 _

3'ivin_svn Q

2x(s-c)x<>

v,2

2X(3-1.3)X10 sx0.95

m2

 N X L KH

GVHD: V TH THU NH

Tho iu kin chn Sthp = 3mm.

4.2 Tnh y np elp c g

Chiu dy np v y elip c tnh theo cng thc:

D.XP

+c

Dr

s=

3.8 x[k]xkx<p

p 2 xh b

ih = 0.95 do np hn bng tay

= 146x1064-

Dt= lOOOmm.

Hb = 250 min.
Do s dng

+c

3,8x146x10

vng tng cng hon ton k=l

s=

lxO.lxl6

1x0.95- o.lxio6 2x0,25

s = 6.06 xlO-4 + C Chiu dy np v y elip lm vic

chu p sut ngoi.

+c

s=

D.XP

p,J

2xh&

trong k = 1 do s dng vng tng cng

k i vi y khng l hoc s dng vng tng cng th k = 0.74, i vi y c l khng s
sng tng cng k = 0.64
1x0.324X106
3.8x 146x10x 1x0.74x0.95- 0.324xlQ

s= 1.7xiO'3 + C ( m )

1
2x0.25

+c

 N X L KH

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

SVTH: TRN VN B BA-NGUYN PHC THNH

GVHD: V TH THU NH
TRANG 27

TRANG 32

ta C s - c = 1.7 < lOmm nn ta them chiu dy y 2mm c = Ci + c2

+ c3

Ci l s b sung do n mn, chn Ci = lmm c2

l h

c b sung do bo mn, chn c2 = 0

C3 l h s do dung sai ca chiu dy ( tra bng XII.9 Stt2/ trang 364) chn c3= 0,4 mm c =

1.4mm
s= 1.6 + 2 + 1.4 = 4(mm)
kim tra ng sut thnh ca y theo p sut th thu lc bng cng thc (XII.49 Stt2/trang 386).
_ [Df+2xhj,x(5C)]XP0 _ [1+2x0.25x(4-1.4)]x0.324x 106

7.6x1x0.95x0.25(41.4)x 10 3

7.6xkxfi h xh b (s-c

= 71.19xl06; < :4x6 N

m' 1.2 m A

chn chiu dy y l
4mm.

4.3 Tnh ton ng dn tho liu

4.3.1

Tnh ton ng dn kh vo

Vn tc kh trong ng khong 10-30 m/s. Chn tc dng kh vo bng dng kh ra Vv= 20 (m/s).
Lu lng kh vo Gv=Gy = 5000 m3/h

Dv =

0..

7^7=

OOO

7^------------= 0.297m

yo. sixvy y 0.^85x20x3600

Chn ng knh ng dn kh vo = 300mm

4.3.2

Tnh ton ng dn kh ra

Vn tc kh trong ng khong 10-30 m/s. Chn tc dng kh vo bng dng kh ra vr= 20 (m/s).
Lu lng kh ra Gr = Gv
_

Dr =

- GNHm = 5000 - 5000x( 1-0.973) = 4865 m3/h

i 4865

- 77 =
*
y 0. S5xvy ^ 0. "85x20x3600

-----= 0.293 m

Chn ng knh ng dn kh ra = 300mm

4.3.3

ng knh ng dn lng

Vn tc dng lng trong ng dn vo, ra thp t 1.5

2.5 m/s ( bng II.2 trang

370, s tay qu trnh v thit b cng nghi ha cht, tp 1). Chn vn tc vo l vx=2m/s.
Lxv= -^r = 13.48 m3/h = 3.8 X 103 m3/s
xv

1000

4 Dv = Dr= 7= - -7- = 0.05 m = 50 mm

v 0. 755 X v x \ 0,785 x2

4.3.4

Vi phun

Chn vi phun hoa sen.

Chn ng knh cho mi l vi sen: ds = 10

(mm) = 0,01 m Chn s l trn vi sen l

200 l
- 200x- X (10 )2 X Vvi = 3.8 X 0~- (m3/s)
4
Vvi = 0.24

m /s

Lu lng dung mi trn mi l:

3,l4rX(O.Ol)2

nxd

q = Vgit X =0.24 X------ ---------= 1.9 X. 10 (m /s)

4.4 Tnh mt bch
4.4.1 Bch ni cc thn ca thit b
Chn p sut lm vic ca thit b l 1X 106 N/m2
Dt mm
Dn mm
Db mm
D| mm
1000

1200

1125

D0 mm

1075

Trong :
Dt: ng knh trong
D0: ng knh ngoi
Dn: ng knh ngoi ca bch
Db: khong cch t tm thp n tm bulng
D,: ng knh mp vt
db: ( M30) ng knh bulng db = 30 mm z: s
bulng

1015

db mm
M30

h mm

z ci

50

28

4.4.2 Bch ni ng dn vi thit b

Chn p sut lm vic ca thit b l 1X 1 o6 N/m2 Kch thc mt bch theo ng knh trong ca
ng dn:
ng

dn

D, mm

Dn mm

Db mm

D| mm

D0 mm

db mm

h mm

z ci

300

325

440

400

370

M 20

22

12

50

57

160

125

102

M 16

20

kh vo, ra
ng dn
lng
vo, ra

4.5 Khi lng thp

4.5.1

Khi lng thp

m, =

- D

) X

= r( 1,0062 - l2)
4.5.2

H X ptMp

6 X 7850 =

445

kg

Khi lng y v np elip cua thp

m2 = 72 kg (tra s tay tp 2 trang 384 )

4.5.3

Khi lng mm

Khi lng mt mm:

m lmm - 16 x ~( D )

x x

Pthp

17.75kg Khi lng ca 16

mm: m3 = 16 X 17.75 = 284kg

4.5.4 Khi lng pha lng cha trong thp
Khi lng pha lng max: m4 = - X Dt X ( Ntt - 1 ) x h X Ping

= -x 1 X (
4

4.5.5

16 - 1

) X 0.3 X 1000

= 3532.5 kg
Khi lng bch ni thn
m5= 3 X X ( D - Dt) X 2h xpUp

= 3x - X ( 1.22 - 1.0062) X 2 X 0.05 X 7850 = 891 kg

4

Trong :
Pthp = 7850 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca thp CT3.

Dnt = 1.006 m ng knh ngoi ca thp.

Dn = 1.2 m ng knh ngoi ca bch, h =
0.05 m chiu cao ca bch.
4.5.6

Khi lng bch ng dn kh VI thn

m6 = 2 X

( D - Dt) X h xp(hcp

= 2 X - X ( 0.442-0.3252) X 0.022 X 7850 = 23.8 kg

4

Trong :
Pthp = 7850 kg/m3 khi lng ring ca thp CT3.
Dnt = 0.325 m ng knh ngoi ca thp.
Dn = 0.44 m ng knh ngoi ca bch, h =
0.022 m chiu cao ca bch.

4.5.7

Khi lig bch ng dn lng kh vi thn

m7= 2 X - X ( D - D t ) X h Xpihcp

= 2 X - X ( 0.162-0.0572) X 0.02 X 7850 = 5.5 kg

4

> Khi lng ton b thn:

m = mi+ m2 + m3 + I4 + m5 + m6 + m7

= 445 + 72 + 284 + 3532.5 + 891 + 23.8 + 5.5 = 5253.8 kg

> Ti trng ca thp l 5253.8x9.81 = 5.1x1 o4 (N/m2)
4.6

Chn '
4.6.1

Chn chn c 3 chn

Ti trng cho php ln 1 chn 5.1x104/3 = 1.7 xio4 (N/m2)

Tra bng XII.35 (stt2/trang437)
L
B
B,
b2
H
Ti trng
mm
cho php

trn 1 chn
G.104N
2.5

4.6.2 Chn tai treo

250

Chn 4 tai treo

180
215
290
350
185
16
27
Ti trng cho php ln tai treo 5.1x10 4/4 = 1.28 X1 o4 (N/m2) Tra bng XIII.36
(stt2/trang438)
Ti trng cho
php

trn

chn

Bi

215

30

20

mm

G.IO^N
2.5

150

120

130

4.7

Tnh ton thit b ph tr

4.7.1 Tnh ton qut thi kh

Lu lng kh 5000m3/h = 1.39 m3/s Chiu cao tng
cng ca thp tnh c y v np. H = Hthn + 2H2y
+ 2H2g
= 6 + 2x0.25 + 2x0.02 = 6.54 m Tn tht
lc vn chuyn kh t y ln nh thp. = Pkh x g x
Hthp = 0.724 X 9.8 X 6.54 = 46.40 N/m2 Tr lc ca
kh qua a kh.
A/^a = Ntt X Ap
= 16 X 231.9 = 3710.4 N/m2
Tng tn tht s b.

Ptng = 3710.4 + 46.40 = 3756.8 N/m2

Ct p tng ng H = 0.383 mH20 Cng sut ca qut
ht.
Nq =
1

Trong :

1000X Y] y X 1 H X 7 C K

----

(3: ( 1.12 -- 1.15 ) h s an ton. ly : ( 0.8

0.9 ) hiu sut th tch.
] H : ( 0.92 -- 0 . 9 8 ) hiu su thu lc.
] CK : ( 0.95 V 1 ) hiu sut c kh.
N = p-------------SI^M = L12----------------------Hlili = 8.4Kw
1000X ] y X ] H X 7] C K

1000X0.8X0.92X

0.95

Chn qut c cng sut 8.5 Kw

Chn 2 qut, 1 qut lm vic v 1 qut d phng. Mi qut c yu cu k thut:
Q = 5000 m3/h.

H = 0.383 mH20.
Nq = 8.5 Kw.
4.7.2 Tnh ton chn bm
Tnh ton bm dng bm dung dch hp th ln bn cao v a vo thp h th. Lu lng
lng vo Lx = 13.48 m3/h.
Chn ng knh ng ht ni vi bm: di= lOOmm.
Chn ng knh ng y ni vi bm: d2= 50mm.
Chn chiu di on ng ht l 2m.
Chn chiu di on ng y l 6m.
Vn tc trong ng ht, V01=
V , X

&

0.5 m/s

3600X71X0.12

13.48X4 _

^ Vn tc trong ng y V02 =------------------- -------- = 2 m/s

V*

&

3600X7TX0.05

p dng phng trnh becnuolli cho (1-1) v (C-C).

Hb + ^ + z , + ^ = ^ + z 2 + ^ + H f
Y

2xg Y

^Hb = z 2 - z , + ^ + ^ 1 - ^ + H f
Y

2xg

2*g

2xg

Vi
Z|-Z2 = 8m

Pi = p2 p sut kh quyn:
Vi=v2 = 0 H b =
Z-Z2 + H f

Vi Hf= (Z m + X -g + (Z y + X
X: h s tn tht ct p dc ng
: h s tn tht cc b
g= 9.81 m/s2 gia tc trng trng.

a a

L 2 h S hiu chnh ng nng, dng chy ri cr? = J,a- = ]

^ ,dxpxi\
Ta c Re = (-)
h
* Re, = (dlXf,XVo1) = (0-lxl00(>x0-s) = 0.062X 106
m

0.801x1 o-3

x,= Hi = 7^1= = 0.02

:Re 1 * 0.062X106

Re2 = (d2xpxv2) = ('05x-000x2) = 1.25X105

^
0.801X10-3
x2 = ^4= =........................
*/Re2

0.125X106

i = 0-017

H S tn tht cc b c tra bn
Quan h gia v a, khi rl, co= dsau CQ , un t ngt thnh gc (7=900 0=1.1
Ta c

dur. = (l-^)2 = ( l - 2 f )2 = 0.9 ub 1

Db = 1: Chiu cao ct cht lng trong bn cao v.
v = 1: H s tn tht ti van.
u vo = 5: H s tn tht ti song chn rc.

Hf = (u vo ++ co + u + ^ )
D1

=( 5

2g

D2

+ 2 _ f c 5 _ +

0,1

17

2X9.81

'

0.0

= 1.234 Hf = 1.234 mH20

- H = 8 + 1.234 = 9.234 mH20
Cng sut bm: Nb = f3 ^
OOOX^
>1H
12

= 1.15

1000X9.81 X ------- - --X9.324

36

1000X0.92X0.8X0.95

= 0.558 Kw

Ta c: Nb = 0.558 KwTa c: Nb = 0.558 Kw

Chn 2 bm, 1 bm lm vic v mt bm d phng. Mi bm c yu cu k thut: Q= 13.48
m3/h H = 9.234 mH20 Nq = 0.558 Kw
4.8

Tnh ton ng khi

Lu lng kh sau khi qua thp hp th l Gra = 4865 m3/h

Nhit kh ra l 30c
Nhit kh ra ngoi mi trng 25c
chnh lch nhit : AT = 5c
Chiu cao ng khi
AXMXFXiTXn J

H=

c tnh theo cng thc:

C c p x v x AT

Trong
Ccp: Nng cho

php ca mi trng xung quanh (mg/m3)

Ccp = 50 mg/m3 M: Ti lng

cht nhim (mg/s)

M = M = 50mg/m3 X 486=1 = 67.5 mg/s

m

Si

Nt3

&

3600 5/h

&

A: H S ph thuc s phn b nhit theo chiu cao kh quyn, c chn cho iu

kin kh tng nguy him v xc nh iu kin pht tn thng ng v theo phng ngang ca
cht c hi trong kh quyn, trong tnh ton A = 200 -r 240
V: Lu lng th tch kh thi m3/s V = 4865 m3/h = 1.35 m3/s F: H s khng th nguyn
tnh n vn tc lng cht nhim trong kh quyn. i vi cht kh F = 1
m,n: Cc h s khng th nguyn tnh n iu kin thot kh t c ng khi
m c xc nh theo cng thc:

m = ( 0.67 + 0.1 V + 0.347) ' nu f < 100

m = ( \Al\ff )' nu f > 100
D: ng knh c ng khi (m)
Chn D = 0.5 m n: c xc nh nh sau: n = 1 nu vm >2
n = 0.532 - 2.13Vm + 3.13 nu 0.5 < vm < 2 n = 4.4Vm nu
vm < 0 . 5

Vi vm = 0.65
Gi s m,n = 1. Ta tnh c chiu cao ng khi H:
' A X M X F X m x n /200X67.5X1X1 HI
3

~
12m
\ C^pXyVXT

5 0 X \ 1.39X5

Tnh li cc thng s:
Chn D = 0.5m - Wo = 7m/s
10 X U'o K D 1 c ~ ~ X G
2
z

/ x/

12 xs

m = ( 0.67 + 0.1 v7 + 0.34 7 y' m = ( 0.67 + 0.1\ 34 +

0.3434 )' = 0.42
rT

,, , T T ^ ^3 l A r

^ 3 1. 39 X5

Tnh vm = 0.65 i-7- = 0.65 I ----- = 0.54 m/s n =

0.5321/ - 2.13Vm + 3.13 = 2.13
Tnh li chiu cao ng khi:

^ QQ

Hl =

1 12

200x69x1 xo.42X2.13

J- 30 \ 1 39X3

X 100 =

..
=11

100 = 5%

Chn chiu cao ng khi l Hi = 12m

-4m