Professional Documents
Culture Documents
, , ,
(Carey, 1985 Driver R.
.., 1998). ,
/
(.
Zimvrakaki and Athanassiou, 2005 Zogza
and Papamichael, 2000 , 2006
, 2003),
. ,
-
,
, ( ,
2001)
(Chi et al.,
1991).
, ,
,
(Gellert,
1962 Sungur et al., 2001 Yip, 1998).
,
(Arnaudin and Mint-
.
** .
*** , .
...
154 (2008)
*, **, ***
62
154 (2008)
11-14
,
. : )
( , 2000), )
)
(Robson, 2007).
.
-,
20
22 ,
.
(Arnaudin and Mintzes, 1985 Arnaudin and Mintzes, 1986 Gellert, 1962
Mintzes et al., 2001 Sungur et al., 2001
Yip, 1998).
42
,
.
(
) (15) - (
) [8 (
), 2
, 3
2
-],
(. ).
63
)
[ (1-6): , ,
, ],
) [ 7-14 ( 10):
, , , ]
)
,
( 10 15).
,
.
. ,
,
,
(, 1990).
, ,
2004-2005, 210
( ):
109 ( ),
59 (54%) 50
: )
) ,
,
.
154 (2008)
,
( .., 2003 .., 2004):
64
1: (%)
1
(%)
2
(%)
3
(%)
95,2
74,3
64,8
70,5
4,8
25,7
35,2
154 (2008)
100,0
100,0
100,0
4
(%)
5
(%)
6
(%)
7
(%)
8
(%)
9
(%)
10
(%)
11
(%)
12
(%)
13
(%)
14
(%)
15
(%)
40,9
32,4
84,8
80,5
30,5
35,2
31,4
99,5
42,9
63,8
57,6
29,0
43,3
30,5
14,8
19,5
69,5
59,5
68,6
0,5
54,3
36,2
42,4
0,5
15,7
37,2
0,5
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
1,
5 6,
[5.
; 6.
( );], (15,7%
37,2% ),
10 13, ( 5,2%
2,9% ). ,
( ).
: 9. ; (
), 10.
, ,
; ()
11.
(),
: 12.
( ), 1. ( ) ; () 8.
( ).
5,2
100,0
100,0
100,0
2,9
100,0
100,0 100,0
, 5. ;, 7. : . , . , . , . ,
. 13.
;. , 5 (2 = 6,256, df = 2,
p < 0,05)
, 7 (2 = 4,221, df = 1, p < 0,05)
13 (2 = 3,897, df = 1, p < 0,05)
( 2, ).
= 0,05,
,
3.
.
65
2: (%) *
5
;
7
: . ,
. , . , .
,
.
13
;
34,6%
19,2%
80,2%
90,3%
37,3%
51,0%
42,3%
58,6%
19,8%
9,7%
62,7%
49%
23,1%
22,2%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
* (p
< 0,05) .
3: (%) *
4
10
11
13
14
15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
36,0 22,9
49,4
53,1
28,7
11,0
83,1
56,9 46,0
79,8
80,2
57,8
42,6
68,9
32,1
64,0 77,1
35,4
18,4
71,3
89
16,9
43,1 54,0
20,2
19,8
42,2
57,4
31,1
67,9
15,2
28,6
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0 100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0 100,0
,
( ),
,
.
,
(
),
.
154 (2008)
* (p < 0,05) .
66
154 (2008)
,
,
,
. ,
-
,
, 1
12, (95,2% 99,55
). 5, 6
7 ( ).
.
, .
,
4:
,
..
..
..
..
(1985).
67
(
()
(%)
(. 2)
42
77,8
12
22,2
54
100,0
). , (. 3)
18
24,3
49
66,2
5
6,8
(
2
2,7
74
100,0
(. 4)
1
15
24,2
). 2
32
24,2
,
3
15
51,6
62
100,0
6: :
. ,
()
(%)
(. 8)
[5.
11
26,8
3
7,3
7
17,1
; (
20
48,8
), 10.
41
100,0
, (. 9)
,
68
46,6
74
50,7
; (),
4
2,7
146
100,0
13.
(. 7)
2
6,3
;]
27
84,4
()
3
9,4
32
100,0
,
( 9
) - . , , (Gellert, 1962 Reiss, 2001). ,
154 (2008)
5:
68
(Porter, 1974).
:
()
(%)
29
32,6
45
50,6
15
16,8
(
89
100,0
, 2004).
)
(Arnaudin and ,
Mintzes, 1985 Chi, 2005),
-
. - ,
,
:
)
( .., 2003) - - . , , , , -
(,
. - 2001 Alkha-waldeh, 2007).
,
,
, ,
.
, , - . ,
-
,
-
. , , ,
-
154 (2008)
7:
-
69
. ,
Crider (1981),
,
,
(Carey, 1985, . 46-48).
,
(
) :
( )
,
( , ).
154 (2008)
.
7 15 ( .. 2004),
(Arnaudin and Mintzes, 1985 uckley, 2000) (Su Yuen Mak .., 1999). ,
(Terzidis .., 2001)
,
.
,
( ) ( )
,
Arnaudin
Mintzes (1985),
.
(84,4%
),
154 (2008)
70
Chi M.T.H., Commonsense conceptions of emergent processes - Why some misconceptions
are robust, Journal of the Learning Sciences
14 (2), 2005, . 161-199.
Chi M.T.H., Chiu M.H., de Leeuw N. and LaVancher C., The use of self-explanations as a learning tool, University of Pittsburg, LRDC,
Pittsburg, PA, 1991.
Crider C., Childrens conceptions of the body interior, in: R. Bibace and M.E. Walsh (eds),
Childrens conceptions of health, illness and bodily functions, Jossey-Bass Inc, San Fransisco,
CA, 1981, . 49-65.
Driver R., Squires A., Rushworth P. and WoodRobinson V., -
, . . , .
. , . - , , 1998.
Gellert E., Children's conceptions of the content
and function of the human body, Genetic
Psychology Monographs 65, 1962, . 293-405.
Mintzes J.J., Wandersee J.H. and Novak J.D.,
Assessing understanding in biology, Journal
of Biological Education 35 (3), 2001, . 118124.
Porter C.S., Grade school children's perceptions
of their internal body parts, Nursing Research
23 (5), 1974, . 384-391.
Reiss M. and Tunnicliffe S.D., Students understandings of Human Organs and Organ Systems, Research in Science Education 31,
2001, . 383-399.
Robson C., ,
. . . , .
Gutenberg, , 2007.
Sungur S. and Tekkaya C., Students achievement in Human Circulatory System Unit: The
effect of reasoning ability and gender, Journal of Science Education and Technology 12
(1), 2003, . 59-64.
Su Yuen Mak, Din Yan Yip and Choi Man Chung,
Alternative conceptions in biology-related
topics of integrated Science Teachers and Implications for Teacher Education, Journal of
Science Education and Technology 8 (2), 1999,
. 161-170.
Sungur S., Tekkaya C. and Geban O., The contribution of conceptual change texts accompanied by concept mapping to students understanding of the human circulatory system,
School Science and Mathematics 101 (2), 2001,
. 91-102.
Terzidis A., Koutroumpa A., Skalkidis I., Matzavakis I., Malliori M., Frangakis C., DiScala C.
71
: ,
- 6, 2003, . 37-43.
., ., Tunnicliff S.D.
and Reiss M., ;, : . , .
. (.),
- ,
, . , ...., ,
2004, . 251-259.
. .,
/-
, : .
(.),
, . -
, , 2000, . 111-147.
1. () ;
2.
;
4. :
.
.
.
.
5. ;
154 (2008)
3. :
.
.
.
.
.
72
6. ( );
7. :
.
.
.
. ,
.
8. :
.
.
.
.
.
9. ;
. .
. .
. .
. .
10. , ,
;
11. .
12. :
.
.
.
.
.
154 (2008)
13.
;
14. : ,
, .
15. ;
. .
. .
. .
. .