BIOCHEMISTRY

Prof. Geromil J. Lara, RMT, MSMT

Prof. Sheryl A. Razo, RMT
Prof. Joanne C. Panoy, RMT, MASTBio
BIOCHEMISTRY

CRE!IT" # $ni%& '()*

( Ho$r& Le+%$re

, Ho$r& La-ora%ory

Gra.in/ Sy&%em

Le+%$re 0 #12

La-ora%ory 0 #12
BIOCHEMISTRY

Gra.in/ Sy&%em

Le+%$re 0 #12

Cla&& &%an.in/ '3$iz4A&&i/n.* 0 #12

Perio.i+al E5am 0 #12

La-ora%ory 0 #12

Cla&& &%an.in/ '3$iz4Man$al* 0 #12

6ri%%en4Pra+%i+al E5am 0 #12

BIOCHEMISTRY

Gra.in/ Sy&%em

Mi.%erm Gra.e"

Le+%$re 0 #12

La-ora%ory 0 #12

7inal Gra.e

Mi.%erm Gra.e 0 84(

Ten%a%i9e 7G0 )4(

BIOCHEMISTRY

CO:RSE RE3:IREME;T

A /ra.e of <#2 or -e%%er.

BIOCHEMISTRY

To=i+ O$%line

Mi.%erm

Re9ie> of Biomole+$le&

The Li9in/ Cell

Amino a+i.& an. Pro%ein&

Enzyme&

;$+lei+ A+i.&
BIOCHEMISTRY

To=i+ O$%line

7inal&

Li=i.&

Car-ohy.ra%e&

Me%a-oli&m&

?i%amin& an. Mineral&

RE7ERE;CES

Bio+hemi&%ry" The Mole+$lar Ba&i& of

Life, (
r.
e.i%ion -y Tr$.y @ Jame& M+Aee

Bio+hemi&%ry" Li==in+o%%B& Ill$&%ra%e.

Re9ie>&, C
%h
e.i%ion -y P.Cham=e,
R.Har9ey, an. !.7errier

Har=erB& Bio+hemi&%ry
A&&i/nmen% ;e5% Mee%in/

!efine -iomole+$le&

En$mera%e %he f$n+%ional /ro$=& of or/ani+

-iomole+$le&, re9ie> %heir &%r$+%$re an. /i9e
e5am=le for ea+h

Li&% .o>n %he maDor +la&&e& of Biomole+$le&

Li&% .o>n %he maDor Bio+hemi+al rea+%ion&

Re9ie> /eneral +hara+%eri&%i+& of 6ATER

Pre an. Po&% 3:IE >ill -e /i9en

PRE3:IE
PRE3:IE
8. Gi9e %hree elemen%& %ha% are
+ommonly =re&en% in almo&% all
-iomole+$le&
). Gi9e e./. of a +hemi+al ha9in/
RFOH &%r$+%$re
PRE3:IE
(. 6ha% i& %he mo&% =o&&i-le
f$n+%ional /ro$= of la+%i+ a+i.G
C. 7o$r maDor +la&&e& of
-iomole+$le&
PRE3:IE
#. The =ro+e&& of remo9in/ >a%er
from a mole+$le i& Hno>n a&"
,. A =ro+e&& of lo&in/4a++e=%in/
ele+%ron
<. 6ha% i& %he -oilin/ =oin% of
>a%erG
!efini%ion of BIOCHEMISTRY

!eal& >i%h %he &%$.y of %he +hemi&%ry of li9in/

or/ani&m&

A==li+a%ion of %he =rin+i=le& an. me%ho.& of

+hemi&%ry %o %he fiel. of -iolo/y an.
=hy&iolo/y

Con+erne. >i%h %he =hy&i+o+hemi+al

=ro+e&&e& $n.erlyin/

!i/e&%ion, a-&or=%ion, +ir+$la%ion, re&=ira%ion,

me%a-oli&m, /ro>%h, an. re=ro.$+%ion
6hy &%$.y Bio+hemi&%ryG
To describe and explain all chemical
processes of living cells in molecular
terms
6hy &%$.y Bio+hemi&%ryG
Knowledge in biochemistry is essential
to all life sciences
BIOCHEMISTRY
BIOCHEMISTRY
To5i+olo/y
To5i+olo/y
Pa%holo/y
Pa%holo/y
Imm$nolo/y
Imm$nolo/y
Pharma+olo/y
Pharma+olo/y
6hy &%$.y Bio+hemi&%ryG
Normal biochemical processes are the
basis of health
Biochemical research has impact on
nutrition and preventive medicine
Most and perhaps all disease has
biochemical basis.
6hy &%$.y Bio+hemi&%ryG

A reciprocal relationship between biochemistry

and medicine has stimulated mutual advances.
RE!E" #$ B!#M#%E&'%E(
TOPIC 8
!efine Biomole+$le
20
Molecules found
within the cell
Biomole+$le&
Macromolecule
Micromolecule
S:BSTA;CES I; A CELL
7ir&% # F -a&i+ # &$-&%an+e& %ha% maHe $= a +ell
CHEMICAL BO;!S

Pri n+i =al Cl a&&e&

8. I oni + Bon.i n/

I n9ol 9e& a % r an&f er

of one or mor e
el e+% r on& f r om one
a% om % o ano% her
CHEMICAL BO;!S

Pri n+i =al Cl a&&e&

). Co9al en% Bon.i n/

I n9ol 9e& &har i n/ of

el e+% r on& -e% >een
a% om&
CHEMICAL BO;!S
Hy.ro/en Bon.i n/

Bon. % ha% f or m&

-e% >een hy.r o/en
an. o5y/en,
ni % r o/en or f l $or i ne
The %ie %ha% -On.&G

A%om& of ea+h of %he +ommon elemen%&

in a li9in/ or/ani&m +an rea.ily form
&%a-le CO?ALE;T BO;!S.

Sharin/ of ele+%ron& %o &a%i&fy an o+%e%

Affe+%e. -y %he elemen%B& ele+%rone/a%i9i%y

The %ie %ha% -On.&G
BO;!S IO;IC
POLAR
'Co9alen%*
;O;POLAR
'Co9alen%*
Chx
Attraction
of opposite
charges
Unequal
sharing of
electron
Equal
sharing of
electron
Example Na
+
+ Cl

C
!+
"
!
CC
Electronegati#it$
difference
%er$ large &arge
None or
minimal
7$n+%ional Gro$=&

Rea+%i9e +en%er&

Small &%r$+%$ral $ni%& >4in mole+$le&

%ha% .i+%a%e& ho> mo&% of %he
+om=o$n.B& +hemi+al rea+%ion& o++$r
7$n+%ional Gro$=&

) General Cl a&&i f i +a% i on&

8. HY!ROCARBO;S

Con% ai n onl y +ar -on an. hy.r o/en

Hy.o=ho-i +

ALI PATHI C HY!ROCARBO;S

;o

AROMATI C HY!ROCARBO;S
Con% ai n
7$n+%ional Gro$=&
HY!ROCARBO;S
HY!ROCARBO;S
ALIPATHIC
ALIPATHIC
Sa%$ra%e. F
+on%ain &in/le
CH -on.
Sa%$ra%e. F
+on%ain &in/le
CH -on.
AlHane& F
+on%ain only
&in/le -on.
'e%hane*
AlHane& F
+on%ain only
&in/le -on.
'e%hane*
:n&a%$ra%e. F
+on%ain ) or
more CH -on.
:n&a%$ra%e. F
+on%ain ) or
more CH -on.
AlHene& F
+on%ain a% lea&%
one .o$-le
-on. 'e%hene*
AlHene& F
+on%ain a% lea&%
one .o$-le
-on. 'e%hene*
AlHyne& F
+on%ain a% lea&%
one %ri=le -on.
'e%hyne*
AlHyne& F
+on%ain a% lea&%
one %ri=le -on.
'e%hyne*
AROMATIC
AROMATIC
7$n+%ional Gro$=&

S%r$+%$re of E%hane, an AlHane

S%r$+%$re of E%hene, an AlHene

S%r$+%$re of E%hyne, an AlHyne

7$n+%ional Gro$=&

General Cl a&&i f i +a% i on&

). S$-&% i % $% e. Hy.r o+ar -on&

6hi +h one or mor e hy.r o/en a% om& i &

r e=l a+e. -y ano% her a% om or /r o$= of
a% om&
7$n+%ional Gro$=&
7o$r MaDor Cla&&e& of Biomole+$le&

All are =olymer&

All are or/ani+ 'C* +om=o$n.&

;$+lei+ A+i.&

Pro%ein&

Car-ohy.ra%e&

Li=i.&

!iffer in %erm& of +om=o&i%ion an.

f$n+%ion
7o$r MaDor Cla&&e& of Biomole+$le&"
7:;CTIO;
MACROMOLEC:LE 7:;CTIO;
Car'oh$drate Energ$( support and recognition
)rotein En*$mes( structure( recognition(
transport pigments( signals( mo#+t
&ipid Cell mem'rane structure energ$
storage( signals cellular meta'olism
,%it-../
Nucleic Acid 0ereditar$ and protein information(
energ$( signals
7o$r MaDor Cla&&e& of
Biomole+$le&" STR:CT:RE
MACROMOLEC:LE STR:CT:RE
Car'oh$drate )ol$saccharide1of simple sugars
)rotein )ol$peptide1of amino acids
&ipid 2nsolu'le in water1common pol$mer
gl$cerol and fatt$ acid
Nucleic Acid )ol$nucleotide1of nucleotides
LifeB& +om=le5i%ie&
MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
8. ;$+leo=hili+ &$-&%i%$%ion
). Elimina%ion
(. A..i%ion
C. I&omeriza%ion
#. O5i.a%ionre.$+%ion
MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
;$+leo=hili+ &$-&%i%$%ion

"ne atom or group is su'stituted for another

E.g. h$drol$sis of ester

MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
Elimina%ion rea+%ion

3ou'le 'ond is formed when atoms in a

molecule are remo#ed

E.g. deh$dration of alcohol

MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
A..i%ion rea+%ion

4wo molecules com'ine to form one product

E.g. 0$dration of al5ene

MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
I&omeriza%ion

2n#ol#e the intramolecular shift of atoms or

groups
MaDor Bio+hemi+al Rea+%ion
O5i.a%ionRe.$+%ion

2n#ol#es transfer of electron from a donor

,reducing agent/ to an acceptor ,oxidi*ing
agent/

O5i.a%ion ,gains ox$gen or loss h$drogen/

Re.$+%ion ,loss of ox$gen or gain h$drogen/