Molecules of Life

Organic Compounds
Organic vs. Inorganic Compounds
All major compounds are divided into these
2 major categories.
Your Turn!
ORGANIC

Glucose C
6
H
12
O
6
Glycerol C
3
H
5
O
3
Alanine C
3
H
6
NO
2
Testosterone C
19
H
28
O
2
Benzene C
6
H
6

INORGANIC

Water H
2
O
Carbon Dioxide CO
2

Oxygen O
2

Copper Chloride CuCl
2

Hydrochloric Acid HCl
Determine the difference between organic
and inorganic compounds
The element carbon is the key to
organic compounds!
Carbon has an atomic number of 6.
Your Turn!
Draw a diagram of a carbon atom.
Hint:
1
st
electron shell fills with 2 electrons
2
nd
electron shell fills with 8 electrons



What observations can you make about
carbon?
Your Turn!
What is a monomer? What is a polymer?
Macromolecules of Life Key
Vocabulary
Organic compound = compounds that
contain a carbon-hydrogen bond
Inorganic compound = compounds that do
NOT have a carbon-hydrogen bond
Monomer = one piece
Polymer = many pieces
Macromolecule = large polymers
Molecules of Life:
Organic Compounds
Essential to the life processes of ALL
living things
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Used by living things as the main source of
energy
The breakdown of sugar supplies immediate
energy for cell activities
CARBOHYDRATES
(made of C,H and O)
CARBOHYDRATES
Monomer = Monosaccharide
Most common monosaccharides; a simple
sugars:
Glucose, fructose, & galactose

Disaccharides
Composed of two monosaccharides; a double
sugar
Ex: sucrose (table sugar)
Polysaccharides
Composed of three or more monosaccharides
Ex: glycogen (the way animals store glucose)
Ex: starch (the way plants store glucose)
Ex: cellulose (gives plants strength and rigidity)
COMPLEX
CARBOHYDRATES
Where they are found in the cell:
Mitochondria
Chloroplast (plants only)
Cell Walls of Plants
Livers of Animals
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS
(made of C,H, and O)
Used to store energy.
Some lipids are important parts of biological
membranes and waterproof coverings in plants.
Insulation
Examples of Lipids:
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steroids
LIPIDS
Monomer = Fatty Acid
nonpolar
Where they are found in the body/cell:
Cell membrane
Body Fat
LIPIDS
PROTEINS
(made of C,H,O, and N)
Some proteins control the rate of reactions
and regulate cell processes.
These proteins are known as enzymes.
Some are used to form bones and muscles.
Others transport substances into or out of
cells or help to fight disease.
PROTEINS
Monomer = Amino Acid
20 different amino acids
Long chains of amino acids are known as a
polypeptide
Proteins are composed of
one or more polypeptides


Where they are found in the body/cell:
In the cell membrane
Muscle cells
Throughout the cell/body
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
(made up of C,H,O,N, and P)
Store and transmit hereditary, or genetic,
information.
Used to make proteins
Monomer = Nucleotide
Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
1. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
2. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Where they are found in the body/cell:
Nucleus
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Foldables
Fold lengthwise (hot dog fold)
Fold in half (hamburger fold)
Fold in half again (hamburger fold)
Cut one side at folds (4 cuts)

Organic Molecules Foldable
Write down one organic molecule on each
flap
On one inside flap:
Draw a picture of the monomer
Name of the monomer
On the other inside flap write down the:
Function/importance
Examples of molecules (NOT FOOD SOURCES)