Created By: Mark Freeman and Eric Haggard

OBanion Middle School

In 1608, the city of
Quebec was
founded by Samuel
Champlain. It
became the first
permanent French
settlement in North
America.
France and the New World
The French quickly
developed friendships with
some of the Indian tribes.

This allowed them to begin to
expand their lands down the
St. Lawrence River toward
the Ohio River Valley.

The Ohio River Valley
(Is located in and around the circle)
Instead of establishing
strong colonies as the British
and Spanish had done, the
French focused on trade in
the New World.
Regular Frenchman were
not allowed to own land in
North America. The key to
riches for the French was
trade with Indians.
HOW DO THE FRENCH COLONIZE NORTH
AMERICA
Through the Indians, the
French learned of a great
river which emptied into
a sea. A Frenchman
named La Salle is
credited with being the
first European to travel
down the Mississippi
River and discover its
location, size, and
benefits.
La Salle
NAVIGATING THE MISSISSIPPI
Over 30 years after they had
first tried, the French founded
New Orleans at the mouth of
the Mississippi. This
settlement established French
trade routes across the entire
continent of North America.
New Orleans,
Louisiana
FOUNDING OF NEW ORLEANS
Rivalry Over Furs and Land
The English and the French
had been enemies for centuries,
but the competition for trade
in the New World had
intensified this old rivalry, as
fighting in this new land
became part of various world
wars.
The French and
Indian War was part
of the Seven Years
War which took
place all over the
World.
Europe
Africa
India
North
America
NATIVE AMERICAN ALLIANCES
A major part of the strategy of the
English and French fighting in North
America was to gain Indian Allies.
The French had allied with the
Algonquin and Huron Indian Tribes.
The English main Indian ally was the
League of Iroquois. The Iroquois
League had already been at war with
the French over fur in the Ohio River
Valley. This League was actually a
group of several tribes which had joined
together years earlier for trading
purposes.
LAND SPECULATION LEADS TO WAR
Many individuals and companies in the
English colonies hoped to claim land in the
Ohio Valley in order to sell it at a profit.
This buying and selling of land to make a
profit is called Land Speculation.
Land speculation scared the French. They
began to feel that they would lose their hold
on the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys.
Therefore the French began to build forts in
and around the Ohio Valley to protect their
land claims.
Both the French and English began
to strengthen their position by
building forts in the land claimed by
the 6 Iroquois Nations.
Because of the Indian land claims the
Albany Convention of 1754 was called to
discuss the Iroquois. Benjamin Franklin,
from Pennsylvania, requested that the
colonies join together for their common
defense and for future benefit, but his
Albany Plan was rejected.
In April of 1754, a 22
year old George
Washington, from
Virginia, was given an
order to throw the
French out of the Ohio
Valley.
Finally, the French were
ordered out of the land
claimed by Virginia by
the governor. The French
refused, of course, so. . .
Disputes in the Ohio Valley
Washington was outnumbered as
he entered the Ohio Valley.
Therefore he began to construct a
massive fort to defend his position.
However he made a great mistake
in deciding where the fort was built.
He had constructed Fort Necessity
in the middle of a valley.
Several weeks after the Fort was
completed French cannons
surrounded the valley.
CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
The French and Indian
War began with the
French firing cannons
down on Fort Necessity.
Because all of the
gunpowder in Fort
Necessity was too wet to
use, Washington had no
choice but to retreat
back to Virginia.
THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
ADVANTAGES OF THE FRENCH
1. The French controlled more land
in North America than the British.
2. New France had only one
central government instead of the
13 different British colonial
governments.
3. France had better soldiers
and equipment than the
British to start the war.
4. The French had a number
of strong Indian allies.
ADVANTAGES OF THE FRENCH
ADVANTAGES OF THE BRITISH
1. There were many more
British settlers in North
America than French.
2. The British colonies were along
the Atlantic Coastline and were
easier to defend than the French
positions.
3. British colonist were
willing to fight to defend
their homes and land.
THE FIRST YEARS OF THE WAR
The British suffered many defeats
in the first part of the French Indian
War. General Edward Braddock
tried to take over the Ohio Valley
after Washington had failed, but he
too was unsuccessful.
However, in 1757, William Pitt
took over as Prime Minister of
England. He sent money and
troops to North America in
order to defeat the French. The
British in North America were
finally able to wage a full scale
war.
THE FIRST YEARS OF THE WAR
BATTLE OF QUEBEC
With more soldiers and supplies the
British were able to attack in
Canada and turn the tide of the war.
The British were able to capture the
French capital of Quebec. The fall of
Quebec spelled doom for the French. The
city of Montreal was defeated and the
French Indian War was over.
TREATY OF PARIS (1763)
The Treaty of Paris (1763) officially
ended the Seven Years War between
France and Great Britain, thus this
was also the official end of the
French and Indian War.
RESULTS OF THE FRENCH
AND INDIAN WAR
1. The French were forced to leave
North America and give up all their
claims of land and colonies on the
continent.
2. Spain, who had helped France,
was forced to give up much of its
land in and around Florida.
3. The French gave New
Orleans and all of their land
holdings West of the
Mississippi to Spain to make
up for their loss.
RESULTS OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN
WAR
PONTIACS UPRISING
After the French and Indian
War, the Indians were treated
very badly by British officials
and traders.
After their allies, the
French, were defeated many
of the Indian tribes worried
about their future.
An Ottawa Chief named
Pontiac called many tribes
together and they made war
against the British and held
them off for two years.
PONTIACS UPRISING