Standard 3

Matter and Change

Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space.

Four states of matter:
Solid
definite shape and volume
tightly packed particles
Particles vibrate back and forth
Liquid
definite volume but no definite shape
free flowing, fast moving particles.
Gas
indefinite shape and volume
particles are spread far apart and move rapidly
constantly collide.
Plasma
indefinite shape and volume
highly charged, fast moving particles
found in Sun and stars.
States of Matter
Matter and Energy
Energy -- the ability to do work

When energy is applied to matter
causes changes in matter
Matter can be converted
into energy and
energy into matter:

E = mc
2


Law of Conservation of Matter
matter cannot be created or destroyed, only
changed during a chemical reaction.

Law of Conservation of Energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only
changed or transferred
Melting
Freezing
Solid Liquid
Gas
Phase Changes in Matter
Increase in temperature
Decrease in temperature
Sublimation
=
subliming
Solid
Liquid Gas
Melt
Evaporate
Condense
Freeze
Phase Changes
solids or liquids rapidly become a
gas at room temperature

Vapor = gas produced
Dry ice subliming
alcohol evaporating

Phase changes:
water boiling
ice melting
steam condensing.
Classifying Matter
Pure Substance matter that is
made of only one kind of matter
with definite composition.

Element only 1 kind of atom
Hydrogen H Oxygen - O

Compound 2+ elements bonded
together
Water - H
2
O Carbon Dioxide - CO
2



Classifying Matter
Mixture made up of two or more
substances that do not have uniform
composition.

Homogeneous mixture
one phase or layer (solution)

Heterogeneous mixture
two or more phases or layers
Classification of Matter
Matter
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Elements
only one
kind of atom
H, C, O, Na
Compound
elements
bonded
together
H
2
O, NaCl,
C
12
H
22
O
11

Heterogeneous
Mixture
2 or more
phases
Homogeneous
Mixture
only one phase,
a solution
Physically separated
Chemically separated
SOLUTION
Made of a solute
and solvent
Alloy = Solid Solution

homogeneous mixture or metallic solid
solution composed of two or more elements
Alloys
Physical Properties
characteristics of matter that can
be observed or measured
Color
State of matter solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Odor
Malleable able to be flattened into sheets
Ductile able to be pulled into wires
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Density mass / volume
Solubility ability to dissolve or be dissolved
Chemical Properties
Describe how matter reacts with
other forms of matter

Flammable
Corrosive -- reacts with acid
Oxidizer -- reacts with oxygen
Inert -- doesnt react
pH -- acid, base, neutral
Toxic

Physical Change
Changes the appearance but not
the composition of matter.

Phase changes
Melting
Freezing
boiling
Dissolving a solid in a liquid
Cutting
Bending
Chemical Change
Changes the composition and
properties of matter

Burning
Rusting
Oxidation
Fermentation
Indicators of a Chemical
Change
Color change
Formation of a gas
Formation of a solid precipitate
Change in odor
Temperature change
Light produced
Must have
2+ of the
indicators