A face-centered cubic crystal structure will exhibit more ductility (deform

more readily under load before breaking) than a body-centered cubic

structure.
The bcc lattice, although cubic, is not closely packed and forms strong
metals. Alpha-iron and tungsten have the bcc form. The fcc lattice is both
cubic and closely packed and forms more ductile materials. Gamma-iron,
silver, gold, and lead have fcc structures.
Finally, HCP lattices are closely packed, but not cubic. HCP metals like
cobalt and zinc are not as ductile as the fcc metals.
The extremities of any diameter on Mohrs circle represent PRINCIPLE
STRESS.
If the numbers of turns in a spring are halved, its stiffness is
doubled.
The neutral axis r
n
and the centroid r
c
are not the same in curved beam.
This is the primary difference between a straight beam and a curved
beam.







Curtis turbine is a pressure-velocity compounded turbine.
De-Laval turbine is a simple impulse turbine.
Rateau turbine is pressure compounded turbine

Stage efficiency is also known as gross efficiency