Marzanos

Instructional
Strategies
Cooperative
Learning
Advanced
Organizers
Similarities
&
Differences
Cues &
Questions
Nonlinguistic
Representati
on/Graphic
Organizers
Homework
& Practice
This strategy enhances a student's
ability to represent and elaborate on
knowledge using mental images.
When students elaborate on
knowledge, they understand it in
greater depth and are more successful
at recalling it.

New knowledge is usually presented
in a linguistic form. When students
use imagery in addition to linguistic
form, the effects on achievement can
be significant.
Less homework should be
assigned to younger students than
to older students.

Parent involvement in homework
should be kept to a minimum.

The purpose of homework should
be identified and articulated. If
homework is assigned, it should
be commented on.

Mastering a skill requires a fair
amount of focused practice.
While practicing, students should
adapt and shape what they have
learned.
Cues and questions should focus on
what is important as opposed to
what is unusual.

"Higher level" questions produce
deeper learning than lower level
questions.

"Waiting" briefly before
accepting responses from students
increases the depth of student
answers.

Questions are effective learning
tools even when asked before a
learning experience.
Advance Organizers should
focus on what is important as
opposed to what is unusual.

"Higher level" advance
organizers produce deeper
learning than the "lower
level" advance organizers.

Advance Organizers are
most useful with information
that is not well organized.

Different types of advanced
organizers produce different
results.
Organizing groups based on ability should be done sparingly.
Cooperative groups should be kept small in size.
Cooperative learning should be applied consistently and systematically, but not overused.

Five Defining Elements
1. Positive interdependence
2. Face-to-face interaction
3. Individual and group accountability
4. Interpersonal and small group
skills
COMPARING: Identifying
similarities & differences
between or among things or
ideas.

CLASSIFYING: Grouping
things that are alike into
categories based on their
characteristics.

CREATING ANALOGIES:
Identifying relationships
between pairs of concepts
(Relationships between
relationships)

CREATING METAPHORS:
Identifying a general pattern in
a specific topic then finding
another topic that is different,
but has the same general
pattern.