TM 11-5855-316-10 Sight, Thermal, Anpas 13c (V) 1, Anpas 13c (V) 2, Anpas 13c (V) 3 August 2010

*TM 11-5855-316-10
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

31 August 2010
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C - Distribution authorized to
U.S. Government agencies and their contractors for
administrative or operational use (15 June 2006). Other requests
for this document shall be referred to Commander, U.S. Army
CECOM Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) and Fort
Monmouth, ATTN: AMSEL-LC-LEO-E-CM, Fort Monmouth,
New Jersey 07703-5006.
DESTRUCTION NOTICE Destroy by any method that will
prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.
WARNING - This document contains technical data whose
export is restricted by the Arms Export Control Act (Title 22,
U.S.C., Sec 2751, et seq.) or the Export Administration Act of
1979, as amended, Title 50A, U.S.C., App. Violations of these
export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties. Disseminate
in accordance with provisions of DOD Directive 5230.25.
TECHNICALMANUAL
OPERATORS MANUAL
AN/PAS-13C(V)1 SIGHT, THERMAL
(NSN 5855-01-523-7707) (EIC: JG7)
(NSN 5855-01-523-7713) (EIC: JH4)
(NSN 5855-01-523-7715) (EIC: JNQ)

Description and Use of
Operator Controls and
Indicators Page 2-1
2
-
1

Preventative Maintenance
Checks and Services (PMCS)
Page 2-48
2
-
2

Operation Under Usual
Conditions Page 2-61
2
-
3

Operators Troubleshooting
Procedures Page 3-1
3
-
1

Operator Maintenance
Procedures Page 3-5
3
-
2

*TM 11-5855-316-10 dated 31 August 2010 supersedes
TM 11-5855-316-10 dated 15 June 2006, including all changes.

a
Warnings, Cautions, & Notes
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are located throughout this document
immediately prior to the point to which the information applies. Each
occurrence is marked with an icon followed by explanatory text. Icons
and their meanings are as follows:
WARNING
Conditions, practices, or procedures that must be observed to
avoid personnel injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
Conditions, practices, or procedures that must be observed to
avoid damage to, or destruction of, equipment.
NOTE
Essential information of special importance, interest, or aid in job
performance.

b
WARNING SUMMARY
This warning summary contains general safety warnings and hazardous
materials warnings that must be understood and applied during operation
and maintenance of this equipment. Failure to observe these precautions
could result in serious injury or death to personnel. Also included are
explanations of safety and hazardous materials icons used within the
technical manual.
WARNINGS
Do not touch, ingest, or inhale particles of a broken
objective lens. Lens contains germanium, which is slightly
toxic if ingested or inhaled. Fragments may be sharp
enough to cut personnel if touched.
Do not open, crush, puncture or otherwise mutilate
batteries. Handle leaking batteries with rubber or plastic
gloves. Get medical attention for any skin or respiratory
irritation.
Batteries contain materials that are potentially hazardous
and harmful to the environment. Turn depleted, leaking or
damaged batteries in to next higher level of maintenance for
disposal in accordance with unit Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP).
Do not expose batteries to open flame or high temperatures.
Batteries may explode or leak and cause personnel injury.
Do not expose batteries to water. Batteries may short
circuit and/or flammable or noxious gas may be released
that may cause a fire or injury to personnel.
Do not install batteries backwards, mix types of batteries, or
mix used/new batteries. Batteries may explode or leak and
cause personnel injury and/or equipment damage.
When using batteries other than the AA L91 (LiFeS2), the
low battery indicator may not activate in time to provide
sufficient warning to change batteries.

c
Do not recharge AA L91 (LiFeS2) or alkaline batteries.
Refer to the Universal Battery Charger technical manual for
directions on how to safely recharge the AA NiMH battery.
Do not short-circuit battery terminals. Batteries may
explode or leak flammable or noxious gas, causing injury to
personnel or damage to equipment.
Ensure weapon is not loaded and safety is on before
installing or removing bracket/TWS to weapon. A loaded
weapon may accidentally discharge, causing injury or death.
Ensure weapon safeties are on before installing or removing
bracket/TWS to weapon. A loaded weapon may accidentally
discharge, causing injury or death.
Remove eye from eyecup before firing MK19 machine gun.
Recoil of MK19 machine gun may cause injury to personnel.
Ensure safeties are in place before sight-aligning weapon.
Weapon may accidentally discharge, causing injury or death.
Unit deliberate decon SOP must be followed as the following
procedures do not provide total decontamination. Protective
mask and gloves should be worn when handling until total
decontamination is completed by the decon lab.
The TWS is not light secure in Emergency mode. Use
Emergency mode only if circumstances do not require light
discipline.
Isopropyl alcohol vapors are harmful. Avoid prolonged or
repeated breathing of vapors or solvent contact with skin.
Use only with adequate ventilation. Isopropyl alcohol is
flammable and should not be used near open flame. In the
event of ingestion seek medical assistance.
Do not store batteries in TWS. Heat generated from the
system in transit case may cause TWS to become hot.

d

FIRST AID
FOR FIRST AID OR ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION, SEE FM 4-25.11,
FIRST AID.

i
i (ii Blank)
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C - Distribution authorized to U.S. Government
agencies and their contractors for administrative or operational use (15 June 2006). Other
requests for this document shall be referred to Commander, U.S. Army CECOM Life
Cycle Management Command (LCMC) and Fort Monmouth, ATTN: AMSEL-LC-LEO-
E-CM, Fort Monmouth, New Jersey 07703-5006.
DESTRUCTION NOTICE Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of
contents or reconstruction of the document.
WARNING - This document contains technical data whose export is restricted by the
Arms Export Control Act (Title 22, U.S.C., Sec 2751, et seq.) or the Export
Administration Act of 1979, as amended, Title 50A, U.S.C., App. Violations of these
export laws are subject to severe criminal penalties. Disseminate in accordance with
provisions of DOD Directive 5230.25.
TECHNICAL MANUAL HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
WASHINGTON, DC
NO. 11-5855-316-10* 31 AUGUST 2010

OPERATORS MANUAL
(NSN 5855-01-523-7707) (EIC: JG7)
(NSN 5855-01-523-7713) (EIC: JH4)
(NSN 5855-01-523-7715) (EIC: JNQ)

REPORTING ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS
You can help improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you know of a way to improve
the procedures, please let us know. Reports, as applicable by the requiring Service, should be
submitted as follows:
Mail your letter or DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank
Forms) located in the back of this manual, directly to: Commander, U.S. Army CECOM Life
Cycle Management Command (LCMC), ATTN: AMSEL-LC-LEO-E-CM, Fort Monmouth,
NJ 07703-5006. You may also send in your recommended changes via electronic mail or by
fax. Our fax number is 732-532-1556, DSN 992-1556. Our e-mail address is MONM-
AMSELLEOPUBSCHG@conus.army.mil. Our online web address for entering and
submitting DA Form 2028s is http://edm.monmouth.army.mil/pubs/2028.html.

*TM 11-5855-316-10 dated 31 August 2010 supersedes TM 11-5855-316-10 dated 15 June 2006,
including all changes.

ii

iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................1-1
Section 1 General Informat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1-1.1 Scope.......................................................................................1-1
1-1.1.1 Type of Manual..................................................................1-1
1-1.1.2 Model Numbers and Equipment Names..........................1-1
1-1.1.3 Purpose of Equipment.......................................................1-1
1-1.2 Maintenance Forms, Records and Reports...........................1-2
1-1.3 Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) ............................1-2
1-1.4 Destruction of Materiel to Prevent Enemy Use...................1-2
1-1.5 Reporting Equipment Improvement Recommendations
(EIR).......................................................................................1-3
1-1.6 Equipment Return Procedures...............................................1-4
1-1.7 Nomenclature Cross-Reference............................................1-5
1-1.8 Quality Of Material................................................................1-5
1-1.9 List Of Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols.................1-6
Section 2 Equipment Description & Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1-2.1 Equipment Characteristics, Capabilities and Features........1-9
1-2.2 Location and Description of Major Components.................1-9
1-2.3 Differences among Models...................................................1-9
1-2.4 Equipment Data....................................................................1-10
1-2.5 Equipment Configuration....................................................1-10
Section 3 Principles Of Operat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
1-3.1 Functional Description........................................................1-20
CHAPTER 2 OPERATOR INSTRUCTIONS ....................................................2-1
Section 1 Description and Use of Operator Cont rols &
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2-1.1 Description and Use of Operator Controls & Indicators
(Modes/States and Functions)...............................................2-1
2-1.1.1 TWS Controls....................................................................2-1
2-1.1.2 TWS Display Indicators..................................................2-12
2-1.1.2.1 Startup and Shutdown Screens...................................2-12
2-1.1.2.2 Image Overlays............................................................2-14
2-1.1.3 TWS Reticles...................................................................2-18
2-1.1.3.1 Common Reticle Indicators........................................2-18
2-1.1.3.2 Weapon/Application Specific Reticles......................2-20

iv
Section 2 Prevent ive Maint enance Checks and Services
(PMCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-48
2-2.1 Introduction to PMCS Table...............................................2-48
2-2.1.1 General.............................................................................2-48
2-2.1.2 Warnings and Cautions...................................................2-48
2-2.1.3 Explanation of Table Entries..........................................2-48
2-2.1.3.1 Item Number Column.................................................2-48
2-2.1.3.2 Interval Column..........................................................2-48
2-2.1.3.3 Location Item to Check/Service Column..................2-48
2-2.1.3.4 Procedure Column.......................................................2-49
2-2.1.3.5 Not Fully Mission Capable If: Column.....................2-49
2-2.2 PMCS Table.........................................................................2-49
Section 3 Operation Under Usual Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-61
2-3.1 Assembly & Preparation for Use........................................2-61
2-3.1.1 Unpacking & Inspecting the Transit Case.....................2-61
2-3.1.2 Unpacking & Inspecting the Carrying Case..................2-62
2-3.1.3 Configuration of Rail Grabbers/Vertical Spacers.........2-64
2-3.1.4 Removal/Installation Of Batteries..................................2-67
2-3.1.4.1 Removal/Installation of Batteries In Cassettes.........2-68
2-3.1.4.2 Removal/Installation of Battery Cassettes.................2-70
2-3.2 Mounting/Removal..............................................................2-74
2-3.2.1 Mounting/Removal of TWS on M16A1/A2 Rifle........2-74
2-3.2.2 Mounting/Removal of TWS on M4 Series Carbine or
M16A4 Rifle....................................................................2-76
2-3.2.3 Mounting/Removal of LWTS on M136 (AT4).............2-78
2-3.2.4 Mounting/Removal of MWTS on M249 Squad Automatic
Weapon (SAW)...............................................................2-80
2-3.2.5 Mounting/Removal of MWTS on M240 Machine Gun2-82
2-3.2.6 Mounting/Removal of HWTS and M2 Bracket on M2
Heavy Machine Gun.......................................................2-84
2-3.2.7 Mounting/Removal of HWTS and MK19 Bracket on
MK19 Grenade Machine Gun........................................2-89
2-3.2.8 Mounting/Removal of HWTS on M24 Sniper Rifle.....2-93
2-3.2.9 Mounting/Removal of HWTS on M107 Sniper Rifle...2-95
2-3.3 Operation..............................................................................2-97
2-3.3.1 Turn-On and Initial Adjustments...................................2-97
2-3.3.2 Boresight, Zero & Sight Alignment...............................2-99
2-3.3.2.1 Thermal Zeroing Target Preparation.........................2-99
2-3.3.2.2 Zeroing and Sight Alignment...................................2-104
2-3.4 Preparation for Storage & Shipment................................2-112

v
2-3.4.1 Removal of TWS from Weapon.................................. 2-112
2-3.4.2 Removal of Batteries and Battery Cassette................. 2-112
2-3.4.3 Packing the Carrying Case........................................... 2-112
2-3.4.4 Packing the Transit/Storage Case................................ 2-113
Section 4 Operation Under Unusual Conditions . . . . . . . . 2-114
2-4.1 Operating in Inclement Weather/Environment............... 2-114
2-4.1.1 Extreme Cold................................................................ 2-114
2-4.1.1.1 Objective Lens.......................................................... 2-114
2-4.1.1.2 Eyepiece Lens........................................................... 2-114
2-4.1.2 Extreme Heat................................................................ 2-115
2-4.1.3 Rain, Fog, or Humidity................................................ 2-115
2-4.1.4 Salt Water...................................................................... 2-116
2-4.1.5 Dust or Sand.................................................................. 2-116
2-4.1.6 Mud................................................................................ 2-116
2-4.2 Fording/Swimming........................................................... 2-117
2-4.3 Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC)
Decontamination............................................................... 2-118
2-4.3.1 Chemical Gross Liquid Decontamination................... 2-118
2-4.3.2 Biological Decontamination........................................ 2-119
2-4.3.3 Nuclear Decontamination............................................. 2-119
2-4.4 Emergency Procedures..................................................... 2-120
CHAPTER 3 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ...................3-1
Section 1 Operators Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . 3-1
3-1.1 Troubleshooting Table...........................................................3-1
Section 2 Operator Maint enance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-2.1 Exterior Cleaning...................................................................3-5
3-2.2 Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation............................................3-6
3-2.2.1 Removal .............................................................................3-6
3-2.2.2 Reinstallation.....................................................................3-6
3-2.3 Lens Cleaning.......................................................................3-10
3-2.4 Anti-fog Compound Application........................................3-12
3-2.5 Battery Compartment, Cassette & Contact Cleaning........3-13
3-2.6 Test & Inspection.................................................................3-13
APPENDIX A References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
A-1 Scope.......................................................................................3-1
A-2 Forms......................................................................................3-1
A-3 Technical Manuals.................................................................3-1
A-4 Other Publications..................................................................3-2

vi
APPENDIX B Components Of End Item (COEI) & Basic Issue
Items (BII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
B-1 Introduction...........................................................................B-1
B-2 Components Of End Item....................................................B-3
B-3 Basic Issue Items & Collateral Material .............................B-5
APPENDIX C Additional Authorized List (AAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
C-1 Introduction...........................................................................C-1
C-2 Additional Authorized Items List........................................C-2
APPENDIX D Expendable and Durable Items List (EDIL) . . . D-1
D-1 Introduction...........................................................................D-1
D-2 Expendable and Durable Items List....................................D-2
APPENDIX E Quick Reference Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

vii
List Of Tables
TABLE 1-1 TWS MAJ OR COMPONENTS..................................................................1-12
TABLE 1-2 TWS COMPONENTS AND FEATURES.....................................................1-15
TABLE 1-3 TWS WEAPONS APPLICATION MATRIX................................................1-16
TABLE 1-4 EQUIPMENT DATA..................................................................................1-17
TABLE 1-5 TWS BATTERY LIFE (EACH CASSETTE)................................................1-18
TABLE 1-6 LWTS VERTICAL SPACER CONFIGURATION MATRIX..........................1-19
TABLE 2-1 DESCRIPTION & USE OF TWS OPERATOR CONTROLS............................2-3
TABLE 2-2 TWS MODES, STATES & FUNCTIONS MATRIX ......................................2-7
TABLE 2-3 DESCRIPTION OF TWS MODES STATES & FUNCTIONS...........................2-8
TABLE 2-4 TWS START-UP/SHUT-DOWN SCREEN COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION..2-12
TABLE 2-5 TWS INDICATORS AND WARNINGS ......................................................2-15
TABLE 2-6 TWS RETICLE APPLICATION MATRIX ..................................................2-20
TABLE 2-7 M4/16 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS (LWTS) ...............................2-22
TABLE 2-8 M136 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS ...............................................2-24
TABLE 2-9 M4/16 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS (MWTS) ..............................2-28
TABLE 2-10 M249 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS .............................................2-30
TABLE 2-12 M4/16 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS (HWTS).............................2-36
TABLE 2-13 M2 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS..................................................2-38
TABLE 2-14 MK19 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS ............................................2-40
TABLE 2-15 M24 RETICLE ANGULAR DIMENSIONS ...............................................2-42
TABLE 2-17 TWS PMCS.........................................................................................2-50
TABLE 2-18 RAIL GRABBER & VERTICAL SPACER CONFIGURATION MATRIX ......2-64
TABLE 2-19 M2 BRACKET CONTROLS & INDICATORS...........................................2-84
TABLE 2-20 MK19 BRACKET CONTROLS & INDICATORS......................................2-89
TABLE 2-21 ZERO OFFSETS...................................................................................2-103
TABLE 2-22 KD ZEROING RANGES BY WEAPON .................................................2-110
TABLE 2-23 KNOWN DISTANCE (KD) SHOT GROUP MOVEMENT PER CLICK .....2-110
TABLE 3-1 OPERATOR TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURES........................................3-2

viii
List Of Figures
FIGURE 1-1. FAMILY OF TWS VARIANTS..................................................................1-1
FIGURE 1-2 TWS MAJ OR COMPONENTS..................................................................1-11
FIGURE 1-3 LWTS COMPONENTS & FEATURES......................................................1-13
FIGURE 1-4 MWTS/HWTS COMPONENTS & FEATURES........................................1-14
FIGURE 1-5 LWTS VERTICAL SPACER CONFIGURATIONS......................................1-19
FIGURE 1-6 TWS SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM .....................................................1-21
FIGURE 2-1 LOCATION OF TWS OPERATOR CONTROLS............................................2-2
FIGURE 2-2A TWS STARTUP SCREEN ......................................................................2-13
FIGURE 2-2B TWS SHUTDOWN SCREEN ..................................................................2-13
FIGURE 2-3 TWS INDICATORS AND WARNINGS......................................................2-14
FIGURE 2-4 REGIONS OF INTEREST ..........................................................................2-17
FIGURE 2-5 NFOV AREA INDICATOR......................................................................2-19
FIGURE 2-6A M4/M16 RETICLE (LWTS-WFOV) ..................................................2-23
FIGURE 2-6B M4/M16 RETICLE (LWTS-NFOV)...................................................2-23
FIGURE 2-7A M136 RETICLE (WFOV)....................................................................2-25
FIGURE 2-7B M136 RETICLE (NFOV) .....................................................................2-25
FIGURE 2-8A NONE RETICLE (WFOV) ..................................................................2-27
FIGURE 2-8B NONE RETICLE (NFOV)....................................................................2-27
FIGURE 2-9A M4/M16 RETICLE (MWTS-WFOV) .................................................2-29
FIGURE 2-9B M4/M16 RETICLE (MWTS-NFOV)..................................................2-29
FIGURE 2-10A M249 RETICLE (WFOV)..................................................................2-31
FIGURE 2-10B M249 RETICLE (NFOV)...................................................................2-31
FIGURE 2-12A NONE RETICLE (WFOV) ................................................................2-35
FIGURE 2-12B NONE RETICLE (NFOV) .................................................................2-35
FIGURE 2-13A M4/16 RETICLE (HWTS-WFOV)..................................................2-37
FIGURE 2-13B M4/16 RETICLE (HWTS-NFOV).....................................................2-37
FIGURE 2-14A M2 RETICLE (WFOV) ......................................................................2-39
FIGURE 2-14B M2 RETICLE (NFOV) .......................................................................2-39
FIGURE 2-15A MK19 RETICLE (WFOV).................................................................2-41
FIGURE 2-15B MK19 RETICLE (NFOV) ..................................................................2-41
FIGURE 2-16A M24 RETICLE (WFOV)....................................................................2-43
FIGURE 2-16B M24 RETICLE (NFOV) .....................................................................2-43
FIGURE 2-18A NONE RETICLE (WFOV) ................................................................2-47
FIGURE 2-18B NONE RETICLE (NFOV) .................................................................2-47
FIGURE 2-19 UNPACKING THE TRANSIT CASE.........................................................2-61
FIGURE 2-20 UNPACKING THE CARRYING CASE......................................................2-63

ix
FIGURE 2-21 STANDARD RAIL GRABBER AND VERTICAL SPACER
CONFIGURATIONS.......................................................................................2-65
FIGURE 2-22 M16A1/A2 RAIL GRABBER CONFIGURATION (LWTS ONLY).........2-66
FIGURE 2-23 M24 MOUNT ASSEMBLY CONFIGURATION (HWTS ONLY) .............2-66
FIGURE 2-24A INSTALLATION OF BATTERIES IN BATTERY CASSETTES..................2-69
FIGURE 2-24B INSTALLATION OF BATTERIES IN BATTERY CASSETTES..................2-70
FIGURE 2-25A BATTERY CASSETTE INSTALLATION................................................2-72
FIGURE 2-25B BATTERY CASSETTE INSTALLATION................................................2-73
FIGURE 2-26 TWS MOUNTING ON M16A1/A2 RIFLE............................................2-75
FIGURE 2-27 TWS MOUNTING ON M4 SERIES CARBINE/M16A4 RIFLE...............2-77
FIGURE 2-28 LWTS MOUNTING ON AT4...............................................................2-79
FIGURE 2-29 MWTS MOUNTING ON M249 SQUAD AUTOMATIC WEAPON
(SAW).......................................................................................................2-81
FIGURE 2-30 MWTS MOUNTING ON M240 MACHINE GUN..................................2-83
FIGURE 2-31 M2 BRACKET......................................................................................2-84
FIGURE 2-32 HWTS MOUNTING ON M2 HEAVY MACHINE GUN..........................2-88
FIGURE 2-33 MK19 BRACKET.................................................................................2-89
FIGURE 2-34 HWTS MOUNTING ON MK19 GRENADE MACHINE GUN.................2-92
FIGURE 2-35 HWTS MOUNTING ON M24 SNIPER RIFLE .......................................2-94
FIGURE 2-36 HWTS MOUNTING ON M107 SNIPER RIFLE .....................................2-96
FIGURE 2-37. SQUARE HOLE CUT IN A M16A2 25M ZEROING TARGET ..............2-101
FIGURE 2-38 CORRUGATED CARDBOARD FRAME.................................................2-101
FIGURE 2-39 THERMALIZED E-TYPE SILHOUETTE WITH MODIFIED M16A2 25M
ZEROING TARGET.....................................................................................2-102
FIGURE 2-40 M16A2 25M ZEROING TARGET .......................................................2-107
FIGURE 3-1A EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-8
FIGURE 3-1B EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-8
FIGURE 3-1C EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-8
FIGURE 3-1D EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-8
FIGURE 3-1E EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-9
FIGURE 3-1F EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-9
FIGURE 3-1G EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION..................................................3-9

x
HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL
The safest, easiest, and most efficient way to operate and maintain the
Thermal Weapon Sight (TWS) is to use this manual. Knowing whats in
this manual and how to use it will save you time and work, so take the
time to learn how to use it.
If this is the first time you are using this manual, be sure to completely
read this section first.
ORGANIZATION
This manual is divided into four chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction provides:
General Information
Equipment Description and Data
Principles of Operation
Chapter 2: Operating Instructions provides:
Description of Operator Controls and Indicators
Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services
Procedures for Operation Under Usual Conditions
Procedures for Operation Under Unusual Conditions
Chapter 3: Operator Maintenance Instructions provides:
Operator Troubleshooting Procedures
Operator Maintenance Procedures
Appendix: Supporting Data includes:
References
Components Of End Item (COEI) & Basic Issue Items (BII)
Additional Authorized List (AAL)
Expendable and Durable Items List (EDIL)
Quick Reference Card
WHERE TO START
If youre using the manual for operating instructions, you will locate the
procedures in the Operating Instructions, Chapter 2. If you are using the
manual to replace a part (e.g., batteries) that you already know is bad,
you will locate the replacement procedure in the Operator Maintenance
Instructions in Chapter 3. If you do not know why a specific
malfunction exists with the TWS, perform TWS Troubleshooting

xi
procedures located in the Operator Troubleshooting Procedures in
Chapter 3.
Before performing a procedure, read through it to determine if you have
everything you need to perform the job. Familiarize yourself with the
potential hazards described by the WARNINGS and CAUTIONS. You
must familiarize yourself with the entire maintenance procedure before
beginning the maintenance task.
HOW TO USE A MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE
The first page of a maintenance procedure, which is referred to as the
setup page, contains supplementary support information you will need to
perform that procedure. The following paragraphs describe all the
blocks of information you will find there.
TOOLS: If any tools are required, the tool will be listed as the first
item under this heading.
SUPPLIES: If any expendable or durable supplies are needed to
perform the task, they are listed under this heading along with a
reference to the item in Appendix D. If more than one of an item is
required, the required quantity is provided. Appendix D gives you all
the detailed information necessary to requisition the item if you dont
have it on hand.
REFERENCING WITHIN THIS MANUAL
Referencing from one procedure to another within this manual is by
paragraph number. Paragraph references are preceded by the character
. When you are referred to another procedure, you must read the
setup page information for that procedure to determine what supplies
may be required.
SPECIAL FEATURES
The front cover index lists the sections of the manual most commonly
used. Bleeder edge tabs are used to quickly locate these sections in the
manual. To locate a section, find the bleeder edge on the side of the
manual that aligns with the bleeder edge on the front cover, and open to
that page. The title of the section is boxed on that page.
xi (xii Blank)

xii

1-1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1.1 SCOPE
1-1.1.1 TYPE OF MANUAL
This Operators Manual contains a system description, operating
procedures and Operator Preventive Maintenance, Checks and Services
(PMCS) procedures for the Thermal Weapon Sight (TWS).
1-1.1.2 MODEL NUMBERS AND EQUIPMENT NAMES
AN/PAS-13C(V)1 SIGHT, THERMAL..........Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS)
AN/PAS-13C(V)2 SIGHT, THERMAL....Medium Weapon Thermal Sight (MWTS)
AN/PAS-13C(V)3 SIGHT, THERMAL.......Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight (HWTS)
1-1.1.3 PURPOSE OF EQUIPMENT
The family of TWS variants (see Figure 1-1) are self-contained infrared
(IR) imaging sensors used for target acquisition (sighting) during day,
night, adverse weather and dirty battlefield conditions.

Figure 1-1. Family of TWS Variants
HWTS
MWTS
LWTS

1-2
1-1.2 MAINTENANCE FORMS, RECORDS AND REPORTS
Department of the Army forms and procedures used for equipment
maintenance will be those prescribed by DA PAM 750-8, The Army
Maintenance Management System (TAMMS) Users Manual.
1-1.3 CORROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL (CPC)
Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) of Army materiel is a
continuing concern. It is important that any corrosion problems with this
item be reported so that the problem can be corrected and improvements
can be made to prevent the problem in future items.
Corrosion specifically occurs with metals. It is an electrochemical
process that causes the degradation of metals. It is commonly caused by
exposure to moisture, acids, bases, or salts. An example is the rusting of
iron. Corrosion damage in metals can be seen, depending on the metal,
as tarnishing, pitting, fogging, surface residue, and/or cracking.
Plastics, composites, and rubbers can also degrade. Degradation is
caused by thermal (heat), oxidation (oxygen), solvation (solvents), or
photolytic (light, typically UV) processes. The most common exposures
are excessive heat or light. Damage from these processes will appear as
cracking, softening, swelling, and/or breaking.
Deficiencies should be submitted to the address specified in DA PAM
750-8.
1-1.4 DESTRUCTION OF MATERIEL TO PREVENT ENEMY USE
For Army personnel, instructions for destruction of equipment to prevent
enemy use: refer to TM 750-244-2.

1-3
1-1.5 REPORTING EQUIPMENT IMPROVEMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS (EIR)
If your TWS needs improvement, let us know. Send us an EIR. You, the
user, are the only one who can tell us what you dont like about your
equipment. Let us know why you dont like the design or performance.
Put it on an SF 368 (Product Quality Deficiency Report). Mail it to us at
Commander, U.S. Army CECOM LCMC, ATTN: AMSEL-LC-LEO-S,
Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703-5006. We will send you a reply.
You can help improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you
know of a way to improve the procedures, please let us know. Reports,
as applicable by the requiring Service, should be submitted as follows:
Mail your letter or DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to
Publications and Blank Forms) located in the back of this manual,
directly to: Commander, U.S. Army CECOM Life Cycle
Management Command (LCMC), ATTN: AMSEL-LC-LEO-E-CM,
Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703-5006. You may also send in your
recommended changes via electronic mail or by fax. Our fax number
is 732-532-1556, DSN 992-1556. Our e-mail address is MONM-
AMSELLEOPUBSCHG@conus.army.mil. Our online web address
for entering and submitting DA Form 2028s is
http://edm.monmouth.army.mil/pubs/2028.html.

1-4
1-1.6 EQUIPMENT RETURN PROCEDURES
The Thermal Weapon Sight (TWS) is warranted for the earlier of two
years from the acceptance date on the TWS name plate, or 100 operating
hours as displayed on the TWS shut down screen or read via the serial
port, to conform to design and manufacturing requirements, to remain
free from defects in materials and workmanship, and to conform to
established performance specifications.
NOTE
This warranty does not cover any product that has been subject
to misuse, neglect, accident, installation, or maintenance in
violation of the instructions in TM 11-5855-316-10.
1. The Operator, after completing the PMCS and Troubleshooting,
annotates the fault on DA Form 5988-E, completes the appropriate
blocks, and turns in the TWS to the maintainer.
2. The maintainer will perform all PMCS and Troubleshooting before
determining that the TWS does not show any faults or must be sent
to the Field Maintenance activity for packing and shipping to the
supporting IEW/RSC. The maintainer will annotate DA Form
5990-E and include this form with the TWS when sending the
system to the DS shop.
The Field maintainer will notify their supporting IEW/RSC and follow
procedures in the TWS Product Support Bulletin to obtain a replacement
TWS for the unit.

1-5
1-1.7 NOMENCLATURE CROSS-REFERENCE
NOMENCLATURE COMMON NAME
AN/PAS-13C(V)1 Sight, Thermal Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS)
AN/PAS-13C(V)2 Sight, Thermal Medium Weapon Thermal Sight (MWTS)
AN/PAS-13C(V)3 Sight, Thermal Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight (HWTS)
NOTE
TWS, as used in this manual, refers collectively to all three
variants. The terms AN/PAS-13C(V)1 or LWTS, AN/PAS-13C(V)2
or MWTS and AN/PAS-13C(V)3 or HWTS refer to the specific
variants.
1-1.8 QUALITY OF MATERIAL
Material used for replacement, repair, or modification must meet the
requirements of this manual. If quality-of-material requirements are not
stated in this manual, the material must meet the requirements of the
drawings, standards, specifications, or approved engineering change
proposals applicable to the subject equipment.

1-6
1-1.9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS
Abbreviation/Acronym Name
...................................................Degrees
!..................................................Infinity
<...................................................Less Than
"...................................................Less Than or Equal To
>...................................................Greater Than
#...................................................Greater than or Equal To
...................................................Paragraph
X..................................................Magnification Power (Times)
AAL ............................................Additional Authorized List
ALICE.........................................All-purpose, Lightweight, Individual Carrying
Equipment
ATTN..........................................Attention
BII ...............................................Basic Issue Items
BIS..............................................Back-up Iron Sight
BLK.............................................Black
CAGE..........................................Commercial And Government Entity
CCW...........................................Counter ClockWise
CLP.............................................Cleaner, Lubricant and Preservative
COEI ...........................................Components Of End Item
CPC.............................................Corrosion Prevention and Control
CTA.............................................Common Table of Authorization
CW..............................................ClockWise
DA...............................................Department of the Army
EA ...............................................Each
EDIL ...........................................Expendable and Durable Items List
EIC..............................................End Item Code
EIR..............................................Equipment Improvement Recommendation
ESD.............................................Electro-Static Discharge
FM...............................................Field Manual
FOV.............................................Field Of View
FPA .............................................Focal Plane Array
Hrs...............................................Hours
HTH............................................High Test Hypochlorite
HWTS.........................................Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight
I/O...............................................Input/Output
ID................................................Identification
IEW.............................................Intelligence Electronics Warfare
IN................................................Inches

1-7
IR.................................................InfraRed
JTA..............................................Joint Table of Allowances
KD...............................................Known Distance
lb..................................................Pound
LBS..............................................Laser Borelight System
LCD.............................................Liquid Crystal Display
LED.............................................Light Emitting Diode
LiFeS
2
..........................................Lithium Iron Disulfide
LWTS..........................................Light Weapon Thermal Sight
m..................................................Meter
MOA ...........................................Minutes Of Angle
MOLLE.......................................Modular Lightweight Load-bearing Equipment
MOPP .........................................Mission Oriented Protective Posture
MTOE.........................................Modified Table Of Equipment
MWTS.........................................Medium Weapon Thermal Sight
N/A..............................................Not Applicable
NBC.............................................Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
NFOV..........................................Narrow Field Of View
NiMH..........................................Nickel Metal Hydride
NSN.............................................National Stock Number
NTSC..........................................National Television Systems Committee
NUC............................................Non-Uniformity Correction
PAM............................................Pamphlet
P
d/r
................................................Probability of Detection/Recognition
PMCS..........................................Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services
POC.............................................Point Of Contact
QRC.............................................Quick Reference Card
Qty...............................................Quantity
RMA............................................Return Material Authorization
ROI ..............................................Region Of Interest
RSC.............................................Regional Support Center
SAW............................................Squad Automatic Weapon
SF.................................................Standard Form
SOP..............................................Standard Operating Procedure
TAMMS......................................The Army Maintenance Management System
TDA.............................................Table of Distribution and Allowances
TM...............................................Technical Manual
TWS............................................Thermal Weapon Sight
U.S...............................................United States
U/I................................................Unit of Issue
UOC............................................Usable On Code
UV...............................................Ultra-Violet

1-8
W.................................................Watts
WFOV.........................................Wide Field Of View
WHT ...........................................White

1-9
SECTION 2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION & DATA
1-2.1 EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS, CAPABILITIES AND
FEATURES
The TWS is a silent, lightweight, man-portable, battery-powered thermal
Infrared (IR) weapon sight intended for battlefield surveillance and
target acquisition on individual and crew served weapons in military
environments.
The TWS is capable of target acquisition of personnel and vehicular
targets under conditions of daylight, nighttime, adverse weather and
dirty battlefield conditions. The TWS is effective in limited visibility
conditions such as total darkness, smoke, fog, dust and haze. The TWS
cannot see through glass.
1-2.2 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS
For the location and description of the TWS major components, refer to
Figures 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 and Tables 1-1 and 1-2.
1-2.3 DIFFERENCES AMONG MODELS
All three TWS variants are common with the following exceptions:
Weapon System Application: For the weapon system applicability
of each TWS variant refer to Table 1-3.
Objective Lenses: Each TWS variant uses a different single Field-
Of-View (FOV), objective lens. Refer to Table 1-4 for FOV and
magnification of each variant.
Digital Zoom: Each TWS variant uses digital (electronic zoom) to
provide the second (Narrow) FOV. For the LWTS the zoom ratio
is 2:1. For the MWTS & HWTS the zoom ratio is 3:1.
Batteries: Each TWS is powered using AA batteries. The LWTS
uses four (4) batteries loaded from the front of the sight, and the
MWTS and HWTS use six (6) loaded from the rear of the sight.
Housing: The LWTS has a unique housing. The MWTS and
HWTS have common housings. Control layouts on all three
variants are common.

1-10
Detector (Image) Resolution: The LWTS employs a detector
having a 2-dimensional array of pixels of 320 pixels wide by 240
pixels high (76,800 pixels). The MWTS and HWTS employ a
detector having a 2-dimensional array of pixels of 640 pixels wide
by 480 pixels high (307,200 pixels).
Vertical Spacer: The LWTS employs a removable vertical spacer
per Table 1-6.
Reticles: Each TWS variant contains reticle patterns specific to its
intended range of host weapons.
1-2.4 EQUIPMENT DATA
Refer to Table 1-4 for equipment data and Table 1-5 for battery life data.
1-2.5 EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION
The LWTS is reconfigurable by the Service Maintainer via
removal/installation of the Vertical spacer for application to specific
weapons. Table 1-6 defines the configuration by weapon and Figure 1-5
illustrates both configurations of the LWTS. The HWTS is
reconfigurable by the Service Maintainer via replacement of the MIL-
STD-1913 Rail Grabber with the M24 Mount Assembly, as shown in
Figure 2-35.

1-11

Figure 1-2 TWS Major Components

1-12
Table 1-1 TWS Major Components
KEY DESCRIPTION NOTES
1 LIGHT WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT (LWTS) 1
2 MEDIUM WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT (MWTS) 1
3 HEAVY WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT (HWTS) 1
4 CARRYING CASE, LWTS
5 CARRYING CASE, MWTS
6 CARRYING CASE, HWTS
7 BATTERY CASSETTE, LWTS 2
8 BATTERY CASSETTE, MWTS/HWTS 2
9 CASSETTE CASE, LWTS
10 CASSETTE CASE, MWTS/HWTS
1) TWS Exterior surface color may vary, either black, gray or a combination
of the two.
2) Physical appearance (form and color) and latch function may vary. All
LWTS Battery Cassettes are interchangeable. All MWTS/HWTS Battery
Cassettes are interchangeable.

1-13

Figure 1-3 LWTS Components & Features

1-14

Figure 1-4 MWTS/HWTS Components & Features

1-15
Table 1-2 TWS Components And Features
1

KEY COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
1 Lens Cap Rubber cap provides protection to objective lens surface
when not in use.
2 Focus Ring
2
Adjusts scene focus.
3 Objective Lens Gathers IR emissions from the scene and focuses it on
the FPA determines system FOV and magnification.
4 Housing Houses FPA, electronics and control interfaces.
5 Eyepiece Displays and magnifies thermal image, reticles and
symbology for viewing by the Operator.
6 Diopter Ring
2
Adjusts display focus.
7 Eyecup
2
Rubber cup provides a light tight seal to Operators
face, properly positions the Operators eye for viewing,
and provides standby override function.
8 Display Provides a visible image of the infrared scene
emissions.
9 Vertical Spacer Spacer used for proper positioning of LWTS on
M4/M16A4 weapons with integral rail. Removed for
use on weapons with non-detachable handles.
10 Weapon Mount
(Rail Grabber)
Universal (MIL-STD-1913) attachment interface
between TWS and Weapon Bracket (Picatinny Rail).
11 Torque-limiting knob Ratcheting knob tightens Rail Grabber to weapon rail.
12 Barrel Hooks (x2) Retains battery Cassette in closed position.
13 I/O Port Input/Output connector Allows use of external power,
external video monitor and serial communications for
maintenance use.
14 Battery
Compartment
Environmentally sealed compartment for holding TWS
Battery Cassettes.
15 Battery Latch Retains Battery Cassette. Push and rotate to open/close.
16 Batteries Provide power for operation of TWS.
17 Battery Cassette Holds Batteries.
18 On/Off Switch
2
Turns TWS On/Off and toggles image polarity.
19 Mode Switch
2
Selects TWS Mode and Function Switch action.
20 Function Switch
2
Adjusts gain/level, display brightness, reticle position,
selects reticle and ROI.
21 FOV Switch
2
Toggle FOV between Wide and Narrow.
1) Table applies to Figures 1-3, & 1-4.
2) See 2-1.1 for complete description of Operator Controls.

1-16
Table 1-3 TWS Weapons Application Matrix
WEAPON LWTS MWTS HWTS
M4 Series 5.56 mm
Carbine ! ! !
M16 Series 5.56 mm
Rifle !
1
!
1
!
1

M136 84 mm (AT4)

!
2

M249 5.56 mm
Squad Automatic
Weapon !
M240 7.62 mm
Medium Machine Gun !
M2 0.50 Cal
Heavy Machine Gun !
2

MK19 40 mm
Grenade Machine Gun !
2

M107 0.50 Cal
Sniper Rifle !
M24 7.62 mm
Sniper Rifle !
3

1) M16A1/A2 weapons require use of M16A1/A2 bracket and for LWTS only, removal of
Vertical Spacer is required (see 2-3.2.1)
2) Require use of weapon-specific bracket (see 2-3.2.3, 6, and 7)
3) Requires use of M24 Mount Assembly (see 2-3.2.8)

1-17
Table 1-4 Equipment Data
PERFORMANCE VALUE
(TYPICAL)
PARAMETER UNITS
LWTS MWTS HWTS
Dimensions
Height IN 4.8 5.4 5.6
Width IN 2.8 3.3 3.6
Length IN 11.1 12.9 15.5
Weight (with batteries) lbs 1.95 2.75 3.80
Batteries AA
1
EA 4 6
Primary L91 LiFeS2(Non-Rechargeable)
Training NiMH (rechargeable)
Alternate Alkaline (Non-Rechargeable)
External Power Input
Volts DC V 5.5-12.5
Current A 3A (3.3W steady)
FOV (Hor x Vert)
Wide 17.7x13.3 20.7x15.5 10.2x7.7
Narrow (e-zoom) 8.9x6.7 6.9x5.2 3.4x2.6
Magnification
Wide X 1.36 1.16 2.35
Narrow (e-zoom) X 2.71 3.48 7.06
Operating Temperature Range -46C (-51F) to 49C (120F)
Storage Temperature Range -46C (-51F) to 71C (160F)
Detection/Recognition Ranges
2

Clear Air (70% P
d/r
) (WFOV/NFOV)
Personnel (moving upright) m 910/1040 1060/1510 2070/2905
Vehicle m 900/1030 1050/1490 2030/2860
Moderate Rain (90% P
d/r
) (WFOV/NFOV)
Personnel (moving upright) m 600/680 690/945 1250/1575
Vehicle m 590/670 680/935 1240/1580
Frame Rate Hz 60
Video Output
Analog N/A RS-170 (NTSC)
Digital N/A 8/16 bit
Serial Communications RS-422 Bidirectional
1. Battery life performance degrades significantly under cold temperatures. NiMH and alkaline
batteries may not function or may provide unacceptable battery life under extreme cold
conditions. The Battery Indicator and Low Battery Indicator are calibrated for the primary
(L91) battery and may not function accurately when using NiMH or alkaline batteries.
2. Range performance in Wide Field-of-View (WFOV) and Narrow Field-Of-View (NFOV) will
degrade as atmospheric moisture content/precipitation increases.

1-18
Table 1-5 TWS Battery Life (each Cassette)
100% On (EMER)
Minimum Battery Life Remaining (Hours)
L91 Lithium
C -35 to -15 -15 to 0 0 to 30 30 to 49
Ambient
Temperature
F -31 to 5 5 to 32 32 to 86 86 to 120
Battery Charge
Indicator
V
a
r
i
a
n
t

L
W
T
S

M
W
T
S
/
H
W
T
S

L
W
T
S

M
W
T
S
/
H
W
T
S

L
W
T
S

M
W
T
S
/
H
W
T
S

L
W
T
S

M
W
T
S
/
H
W
T
S

New Batteries 4.4 5.6 5.3 6.6 5.7 6.3 5.2 6.5

2.0 3.1 4.5 4.4 2.7 4.1 2.0 2.5

1.2 2.9 3.6 3.4 1.7 3.2 1.1 1.3

0.8 2.1 1.8 2.9 0.9 1.6 0.5 0.6

0.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2
*
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
* Minimum time before Low Battery Indication (flashing )
Battery indicator will then flash for 2-44 minutes

1-19

Figure 1-5 LWTS Vertical Spacer Configurations
Table 1-6 LWTS Vertical Spacer Configuration Matrix
WEAPON
RAIL
CONFIGURATION BRACKET
VERTICAL
SPACER
M16A1/A2 Handle M16A1/A2 No
M16A4 Integral N/A Yes
M4 Series Integral N/A Yes
M136 N/A M136 Optional

1-20
SECTION 3 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
1-3.1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The TWS is an IR imaging sensor used for target acquisition under
varied visibility conditions. Thermal IR light energy emitted by the
scene is gathered by the Objective Lens and focused onto the Focal
Plane Array (FPA). The FPA converts IR energy into a digital video
signal. The digital video signal is processed by the electronics, which
then drives a micro-display to form a visible monochrome image. The
visible image is then magnified, by the Eyepiece lens, for viewing by the
Operator.
Refer to the TWS Simplified Block Diagram, Figure 1-6.
Lens Cap. The Lens cap protects the Objective Lens exterior surface
from damage and contamination when the TWS is not imaging. The
Lens cap is manually positioned by the Operator.
Objective Lens. The Objective Lens gathers IR light emitting from the
scene within the Lens FOV. The Objective Lens passes Thermal IR
energy while rejecting all other wavelengths. The Objective Lens then
focuses this energy onto the FPA. The Objective Lens provides a
manual focus adjustment to bring scene objects into sharp focus (4m
(LWTS/MWTS), 8m (HWTS).
Calibration Shutter. The calibration function is performed by a motor
driven flag-style Shutter. The Shutter closes for 0.5 seconds, blocking
the optical path to permit the electronics to calibrate the image. A
momentary image freeze occurs during calibration. The calibration
function activates at power on, transition from Standby to Operate via
the Eyecup, and when manually commanded by the operator.

1-21

Figure 1-6 TWS Simplified Block Diagram

1-22
FPA. The FPA converts incident IR energy into a digital video signal.
Electronics. The electronics:
Convert and regulate power supplied from the Batteries or an
external power source connected to the I/O port, into the voltages
necessary to operate the electronics.
Processes the Operator control inputs.
Provides the drive signal for the Shutter Motor.
Store TWS programming.
Processes the raw digital video from the FPA, including Non-
Uniformity Correction (NUC), gain, level, polarity, electronic zoom
(FOV), and overlay of reticles and symbology.
Drives the Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD).
Converts the processed digital video stream to an RS-170 analog
video signal suitable for driving television monitors and outputs this
signal via the I/O port.
Provides a digital video stream output of either raw or processed
digital video to the I/O port for maintenance use.
Provides a RS-422 serial communications interface for the TWS via
the I/O Port for maintenance purposes.
Backlight. The Backlight is a Light Emitting Diode (LED) illumination
source for the LCD. The Backlight is illuminated by the standby override
switch or in emergency mode. The Brightness level of the Backlight is
adjustable by the Operator.
Display. The LCD converts the Processed Video stream into a visible,
monochrome image.
Eyepiece Lens. The Eyepiece Lens magnifies the visible image from the
display for viewing by the Operator. The Eyepiece provides a manual
Operator diopter adjustment to set the display focus to the users eye (6 to
+2 Diopters).

1-23
Eyecup. The Eyecup provides a light seal to the Operators face for light
security and to prevent glare. Compression of the Eyecup activates the
Standby Override switch transitioning TWS from Standby to Operate. The
eyecup properly positions the users eye for optimal viewing of the
display. The Eyecup provides limited recoil protection to the Operator.
The Eyecup contains flaps to assist in light security and minimize
entrapment of debris and lens contamination.
Batteries. AA Batteries loaded in a removable cassette provide the power
source to operate the TWS when not powered from an external source (via
the I/O connector).
Controls. The Control interface allow the user to select or adjust the
following: mode, brightness, gain, level, polarity, FOV, reticle selection,
reticle adjustment and reticle polarity. With the exception of Mode,
controls are inactive in Standby. See 2-1 for a detailed description of
control functions.
I/O Port. The I/O port is a connector interface for providing external
power, outputting analog or digital video, and performing bidirectional
serial communications. At the Operator level, the I/O port may be used to
output analog video to a television monitor and/or input external power.
I/O port is activated for video output when in the Operate Sub-Mode
(Eyecup is depressed), EMER, or ZERO. External power may be applied
at any time.
Mount Assembly. The Mount Assembly (Rail Grabber) consists of a
mechanical interface to the rail of the host weapon. The Rail Grabber/
Mount Assembly uses a ratcheting torque-limiting mechanism or two
torqued down nuts, to ensure consistent mounting forces.
1-23 (1-24 Blank)

1-24

2-1
2
-
1

CHAPTER 2
OPERATOR INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION 1 DESCRIPTION AND USE OF OPERATOR
CONTROLS & INDICATORS
2-1.1 DESCRIPTION AND USE OF OPERATOR CONTROLS &
INDICATORS (MODES/STATES AND FUNCTIONS)
2-1.1.1 TWS CONTROLS
TWS controls are common across all three variants. See Figure 2-1 for
control locations, Table 2-1 for control descriptions and use, and Tables
2-2 & 2-3 for mapping of functions across TWS modes and states and
description of TWS modes and states, respectively.

2-2

2
-
1

Figure 2-1 Location of TWS Operator Controls

2
-
3

2-1
Table 2-1 Description & Use of TWS Operator Controls
1) Initial term is common name of control, bold font indicates marking adjacent to control on the TWS
2) Bold font indicates a prerequisite functional state condition for the operation
3) Italicized font indicates additional information of operational interest
4) Reticle moves in direction of impact movement (opposite of direction on display)
KEY NAME
1
FUNCTION OPERATION ACTION
2
TWS REACTION
3

1 Objective
Focus
Ring
!FAR/NEAR"
Adjusts focus of
thermal scene.
Rotate Near/Far to adjust
image focus.
Image focus varies with Operator input from
4m (LWTS/MWTS)/8m (HWTS) to Infinity
(!).

2 Diopter
Ring
+2.. | 0 | ..-6
Adjusts focus of
display (reticle and
symbology).
Rotate -/+to adjust
display focus.
Display focus varies with Operator input
between +2 to -6 Diopters.
Press Eyecup to transition
from Standby to Operate.
The TWS will calibrate, the shutter will
open, display will illuminate (Start-Up
Screen will be displayed for <3 seconds
when transitioning from Standby) and image
will be displayed. Video output from I/O
Port.
3 Eyecup
Standby
Override
Switch
Positions eye
Light security
Lens protection
Limited recoil
protection
STANDBY/
OPERATE
toggle
Display On/Off
toggle

Release Eyecup to
transition from Operate to
Standby.
The TWS shutter will close when in Standby
and Display will extinguish (<3 sec delay).

(ON Mode only- Standby is overridden in
EMER and ZERO modes).

2
-
4

2-1
KEY NAME
1
2
TWS REACTION
3

Press, hold for >3
seconds, then release, to
toggle TWS between
ON and OFF Modes.
TWS transitions from OFF to ON: The shutter
will remain in the closed position and the TWS
will revert to STANDBY sub-mode in <120
seconds (unless the Eyecup is pressed). The
display backlight will be off in the ON Mode
(unless Eyecup is pressed). Start-Up screen is
displayed (<120 seconds) if Eyecup is pressed.
TWS transitions from ON to OFF: The shutter
will be driven to the closed position and the Shut-
Down Screen will be displayed for while
ON/OFF button is pressed.
4 Power On-Off/
Polarity Select/
Calibrate

ON/OFF
Turns TWS
ON/OFF, selects
Polarity and
initiates
Calibration.

Press, hold for <3
seconds, then release (in
any system mode). Initial
action calibrates image.
Subsequent actions
toggle image polarity.
Initial action: Shutter briefly closes (<0.5-
second), image freezes and is calibrated. There is
a 20-second timeout between calibration events.
Subsequent action: (within 20-second calibration
time-out) image polarity toggles between WHT
HOT and BLK HOT.
Press, hold for >2
seconds, then release, to
advance to each mode.
TWS mode advances:
(OPERATE
"
EMER
"
ZERO
"
OPERATE). The
shutter will be driven to the open position and the
Display will be on in EMER or ZERO modes.
5 Mode Select/
Function Select

MODE
Selects mode
and changes
function of 5-
way
(FUNCTION)
Switch.
Press, hold for <2
seconds then release (in
any operating mode) to
advance the function of
the FUNCTION switch.
TWS Function advances:
(CONTRAST
"
DISPLAY
"
CONTRAST) or
(RETICLE
"
CONTRAST
"
DISPLAY
"

RETICLE) in ZERO Mode.

2
-
5

2-1
KEY NAME
1
2
TWS REACTION
3

When Function state is (See Key 5):
Contrast, momentarily
Center press and release
the FUNCTION Switch to
reset Auto Gain/Level and
selects ROI.
From manual contrast condition sets AUTO1
condition. From any AUTO condition
advances ROI selected
(AUTO1!AUTO2!AUTO3!AUTO1).
Reticle, momentarily
Center press and release
select Reticle.
Advances selected reticle condition (see
Table 2-6 for available reticles by TWS
variant).
Contrast, deflect up/down
manually adjust Gain +/-.
Transitions TWS from Auto to Manual
Condition and varies image Gain (contrast)
+/-.
Reticle, deflect up/down
adjust Reticle elevation
position (up/down).
Adjusts reticle position up/down on image,
elevation coordinate display indicates
relative reticle position.
4

6 5-Way switch
Gain/Level/
Display
Brightness/
Reticle Adjust

FUNCTION
Depending on
FUNCTION state,
performs:
Auto
(Gain/Level)
Reset/Region Of
Interest (ROI)
Select
Reticle Select
Reticle Adjust
Manual Gain
Adjust
Manual Level
Adjust
Display
Brightness
Adjust

Display, deflect up/down
adjust display brightness
+/-.
Adjusts display brightness level (At turn-on
brightness is set to a default value).

2
-
6

2-1

KEY NAME
1
2
TWS REACTION
3

Contrast, deflect left/right
manually adjust Level +/-.
Transitions TWS from Auto to Manual
condition and varies image Level +/-.
Invokes manual gain.
Reticle, deflect left/right
adjust Reticle windage
position (left/right).
Adjusts reticle position left/right on image,
windage display indicates relative reticle
position.
4

6
contd

Display, deflect left/right
set reticle polarity
Reticle polarity: Power-on default is black
reticle with WHTHOT image and white
reticle with BLKHOT image. Deflection sets
fixed reticle regardless of image polarity.
Left sets fixed black reticle. Right sets fixed
white reticle.
7 FOV
(Wide-Narrow)
Select Button
FOV
Selects FOV (e-
zoom state) (Wide
or Narrow).
Momentarily press then
release, in any operating
mode, to toggle the FOV.
TWS Toggles between WFOV and NFOV
(E-zoom). For LWTS, NFOV is 2X E-zoom
and for MWTS/HWTS, NFOV is 3X E-
zoom.

2
-
7

2-1
Table 2-2 TWS Modes, States & Functions Matrix
Available Functions
Mode Sub-Mode State
M
o
d
e

S
e
l
e
c
t

E
y
e
c
u
p

S
t
a
n
d
b
y

O
v
e
r
r
i
d
e

F
O
V

P
o
l
a
r
i
t
y
/
C
a
l
i
b
r
a
t
e

M
a
n
u
a
l

G
a
i
n
/
L
e
v
e
l

A
u
t
o

R
e
s
e
t
/

R
O
I

S
e
l
e
c
t

R
e
t
i
c
l
e

S
e
l
e
c
t
/
a
d
j
u
s
t

D
i
s
p
l
a
y

B
r
i
g
h
t
n
e
s
s

R
e
t
i
c
l
e

P
o
l
a
r
i
t
y

OFF
STANDBY * #
Contrast # # # # # #
ON
OPERATE
Display # # # # # #
Contrast # # # # #
EMERGENCY OPERATE
Display # # # # #
Reticle # # # #
Contrast # # # # #
ZERO OPERATE
Display # # # # #
* To EMERGENCY and OFF Modes only.

2
-
8

2-1
Table 2-3 Description of TWS Modes States & Functions
MODE SUB-MODE STATE FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Off All functions and controls are inactive except the ON/OFF Switch.
Display is off, and FPA is not thermally stabilized. When batteries are
installed or external power is applied, the ON/OFF switch and monitoring
circuitry are energized and consume a small amount of power. To
completely de-energize the TWS, remove the batteries.
On TWS is fully energized. Processor is booted. FPA is thermally stabilized.
Standby TWS transitions to Standby when Eyecup not depressed for 30 seconds in
ON Mode. Display and Backlight are off. Processor is in a power-
conserving sleep mode. Standby sub-mode conserves power and provides
light security while maintaining the capability to transition to full operate
in <3seconds with engagement of the Eyecup.
Operate Display is on. Processor is fully active. Normal mode of operation for
targeting and battlefield surveillance. Video output from I/O Port is on.
Contrast Default state in all powered modes except ZERO. Enables Manual
Gain/Level, and Auto Reset/ROI Select functionality of the FUNCTION
switch. Display Brightness, Reticle Select/Adjust controls are disabled.
Enables Operator to perform image adjustments during use.
Display Available in all powered modes. Enables Display Brightness and reticle
polarity functionality of the FUNCTION switch. Manual Gain/Level,
Auto Reset/ROI Select, and Reticle Select/Adjust controls are disabled.

Reticle Default state, available in the ZERO Mode only. Enables Reticle
Select/Adjust functionality of the FUNCTION switch. Manual
Gain/Level, Auto Reset/ROI Select, and Display Brightness are disabled.
Enables Operator to borelight/zero/sight-align the TWS to the weapon.

2
-
9

2-1

Eyecup
Standby
Override
Enabled in ON Mode only. Pressing/releasing Eyecup transitions TWS
between Operate/Standby sub-modes, respectively. Provides a quick,
light secure, hands-free means of transitioning to Operate.
FOV Enabled in all powered modes and states. Toggles between WFOV and
NFOV (E-zoom). For LWTS, NFOV is 2x E-zoom and for
MWTS/HWTS, NFOV is 3 x E-zoom.
Polarity/
Calibrate
Enabled in all powered modes, and states. Toggles Image Polarity
between White-Hot/Black-Hot. White-Hot is default turn-on condition.
Initiates image calibration. Allows selection of the image polarity
condition (White-Hot/Black-Hot) at any time and improves image
uniformity. Provides a means of adjusting the image to improve
discrimination of objects of interest under varying conditions.
Manual
Gain/
Level
Enabled in the Contrast state only. Manually adjusts gain and level
conditions. Enables manual adjustment of image gain (contrast) and level
to optimize image under varying conditions and temperatures. Manual
gain may be independently exercised (e.g. while in auto level). Manual
level invokes manual gain (e.g., auto gain is not possible with manual
level).

Display
Brightness
Enabled in the Display State only. Adjusts Brightness level of the
display. Enables Operator to select display brightness level to suit ambient
lighting conditions. At turn-on, brightness is set to a default value.

Reticle
Polarity
Enabled in the Display state only. Power-on default is black reticle with
WHTHOT image and white reticle with BLKHOT image. Deflection sets
fixed reticle regardless of image polarity. Left sets fixed black reticle.
Right sets fixed white reticle.

2
-
1
0

2-1

Auto
Reset/
ROI
Select
Enabled in the Contrast State only. Sets last AUTO condition from the
Manual condition and advances ROI selected with subsequent activations.
Enables Operator to reset auto gain/level processing from a manual
condition and allows the Operator to select the ROI to be used for auto
image processing.
ROI 1 (AUTO[1]) Default condition at turn-on and transition from
Manual. Condition selects the center of the image for auto gain & level
determination. It is useful when viewing targets of interest in a thermally
cluttered environment.
ROI 2 (AUTO[2]) Condition selects the horizontal center third of the
image for auto gain & level determination. It is useful when viewing
targets of interest at or near the horizon.
ROI 3 (AUTO[3]) The entire image is processed for auto gain and level
determination.
Reticle
Select/
Adjust
Enabled in the Reticle State only.
Reticle Select: Advances selected reticle. Reticles available will vary
with TWS Variant. Selected reticle is retained between ON/OFF
transitions. See table 2-6.
Reticle Adjust: Moves reticle position with respect to image. Reticle
position is retained between ON/OFF transitions. Separate reticle
positions are stored for each selectable reticle. Reticle position selected in
one FOV will automatically adjust reticle position if the other FOV (i.e.
borelighting/Zeroing/Sight-Alignment can be performed in either FOV
without the need for repeating in the other FOV.
Enables the Operator to select the reticle and adjust the position of the
reticle to borelight/zero/sight-align the TWS to the host weapon.

2
-
1
1

2-1

MODE SUB-
MODE
STATE FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
EMERGENCY TWS is fully energized. Processor is booted. FPA is thermally
stabilized. Standby Sub-Mode is overridden TWS stays in the
Operate Sub-Mode. Display is on. TWS is not light secure. Video
output from I/O Port is on.
ZERO TWS is fully energized. Processor is booted. FPA is thermally
stabilized. Standby Sub-Mode is overridden TWS stays in the
Operate Sub-Mode. Display is on. TWS is not light secure. Reticle
State is enabled. Video output from I/O Port is on.

2-12

2
-
1

2-1.1.2 TWS DISPLAY INDICATORS
2-1.1.2.1 STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SCREENS
Upon power-up, a Startup screen is displayed during TWS boot up and
FPA temperature stabilization. The Startup screen is displayed for a
variable period of time <120 seconds (typically 5-45 seconds). At power-
down, a Shutdown screen is displayed as long as ON/OFF button is pressed
during transition from ON to OFF. See Figures 2-2a & b, and Table 2-4
for a description of elements.
Table 2-4 TWS Start-Up/Shut-Down Screen Components Description
KEY NAME DESCRIPTION
1 Nomenclature ID Identifies the nomenclature of the TWS. May be:
AN/PAS-13C(V)1
AN/PAS-13C(V)2
AN/PAS-13C(V)3
2 National Stock
Number (NSN)
Identifies the NSN of the unit. May be:
5855-01-523-7707
5855-01-523-7713
5855-01-523-7715
3 Variant Name Identifies the variant name of the unit. May be:
Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS)
Medium Weapon Thermal Sight (MWTS)
Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight (HWTS)
4 Cold Start
Indicator
Indicates TWS senses extreme cold conditions and will
require an extended start up time (<120 seconds) for the
display heater to bring the display up to operating
temperature.
5 Software Version
ID
Identifies the version of software loaded in the TWS.
6 Firmware Version
ID
Identifies the version of firmware loaded in the TWS.
7 Elapsed Time
Indicator
Identifies the cumulative power-on (Operating) time of the
TWS since production acceptance.

2-13
2
-
1

Figure 2-2a TWS Startup Screen

Figure 2-2b TWS Shutdown Screen

2-14

2
-
1

2-1.1.2.2 IMAGE OVERLAYS
Text and icon based symbology are overlaid on the displayed image to
provide essential information to the Operator. See Figure 2-3 and Table 2-
5 for locations and descriptions of these items.

Figure 2-3 TWS Indicators and Warnings

2-15
2
-
1

NOTES
Figure 2-3 illustrates the default symbology conditions within
the field-of-the-display for the LWTS. Other variants have
identical default symbology except that weapon (reticle) type
will vary.
Other symbology indicators are positioned just outside of the
display field from where displayed when active.
Table 2-5 TWS Indicators and Warnings
KEY INDICATOR DESCRIPTION
(1)

1 FOV &
Weapon
(reticle)
FOV selected by pressing the FOV (E-zoom) button: (W=
WFOV, N=NFOV) and host weapon/reticle, selected in the
ZERO/RETICLE Mode/State by pressing the FUNCTION switch
(e.g., M4/16).
2 Polarity Polarity selected by pressing the Polarity button: WHT HOT
(Default) or BLK HOT.
3 Mode Mode selected by pressing the MODE Select button:
No Indicator =ON Mode (Standby/Operate sub-modes)
EMER =Emergency (overrides Standby for constant Operate
condition regardless of eyecup activation).
ZERO =Zeroing State (reticle select and adjust sub-functions are
available).
4 State State selected by pressing the MODE Select button:
CONTRAST Default State. Available/selectable in all modes.
FUNCTION switch performs Auto Reset/ROI Select (center
press) and Manual level/gain adjustments (left/right, up/down
deflection).
DISPLAY Available/selectable in all powered modes.
FUNCTION switch performs display brightness adjustment
(up/down deflection), reticle polarity selection (left/right
deflection), center press is inactive). An indicator displays
brightness level selected.
RETICLE Available only in ZERO Mode. FUNCTION switch
performs Reticle Select (center press) and Reticle Adjust
(left/right, up/down deflection).

2-16

2
-
1

(1)

When in:
CONTRAST State: Indicates active function as follows:
AUTO (1) Power on default condition at turn-on. Indicates
that level/gain are automatically adjusted based on image
content in ROI 1 (see Figure 2-4).
AUTO (2) - Indicates level/gain automatically adjusted based
on image content in ROI 2.
AUTO (3) - Indicates level/gain automatically adjusted based
on image content in ROI 3.
MANUAL - Displayed when manual level/gain are selected.
DISPLAY State: Indicates brightness level selected. Power on
default is mid-scale.
5 Function
RETICLE State: Windage and Elevation are displayed as clicks
from home (000R, 000U) position. windage and elevation
coordinates are separately stored for each selectable reticle and
are retained between ON/OFF transitions and battery changes.
6 Shot group
movement
per click
values
When in ZERO Mode, RETICLE State indicates the linear
movement of shot group impact at 10 and 25 m for each click.
Values differ among variants. WFOV increments in steps of two
for the LWTS and steps of three for the MWTS and HWTS.
7 Reticle Range estimation and targeting capabilities specific to each host
weapon. Selected in the ZERO/RETICLE Mode/State (center
press the FUNCTION switch). See TWS Reticles for additional
details.
8 Manual
Level
When manual level is active, indicates relative level setting.
9 Manual
Gain
When manual gain is active, indicates relative gain setting.
Battery Capacity Remaining
# Segments % Hours (worst case)
5
91-100 2.0
4
61-90 1.1
3
21-60 0.5
2
11-20 0.1
10 Battery
(2)

1
0-10 0.1

2-17
2
-
1

(1)

11 Warnings An auto shutdown is imminent due to:
Low Battery
(2)
Battery indicator (10) flashes 2-44 minutes
before auto shutdown (temperature dependent).
REBOOT - Indicates unit will auto-reboot within one minute.
TEMP
(3)
FPA temperature stabilization required. TWS will
auto-reboot within five minutes to stabilize the FPA.
1. Bold underline font indicates variable conditions of each indicator.
2. Battery voltage level and low battery voltage indicator are calibrated to the L91 battery
and may not function reliably when using other battery types.
3. TWS may be manually rebooted by cycling power Off/On. If TEMP indicator reappears
after reboot, turn TWS in to next higher level of Maintenance.

Figure 2-4 Regions Of Interest

2-18

2
-
1

2-1.1.3 TWS RETICLES
The TWS uses reticles that are electronically (digitally) overlaid/embedded
in the thermal image to provide targeting, range estimation, and angular
measurement functions.
2-1.1.3.1 COMMON RETICLE INDICATORS
2-1.1.3.1.1 Zeroing Aim Line and Aim Point.
The two longest horizontal lines to the left and right of the zeroing aim
point are referred to as the zeroing aim line. The zeroing aim line is used
on the M16, M136, M240, M249, M2, and MK19. The zeroing aim lines
serve two purposes:
1) For reticles with multiple aim points, they indicate which aim point to
use when zeroing the TWS;
2) Serve as a means of measuring angles for combat preparations,
directing fire, or range estimation. Angular scale dimensions are
defined for each reticle in subsequent paragraphs.
2-1.1.3.1.2 NFOV Area Indicator.
The NFOV Area indicator (see Figure 2-5) is used on all TWS WFOV
reticles (except NONE). The four corners of the NFOV Area indicator
outline the area of the thermal scene that will be magnified when FOV
switch is toggled from WFOV to NFOV. E-zoom magnification in NFOV
is 2x for LWTS and 3x for MWTS/HWTS.

2-19
2
-
1

Figure 2-5 NFOV Area Indicator

2-20

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2 WEAPON/APPLICATION SPECIFIC RETICLES
Only reticle patterns specific to each weapon/use and applicable to a
particular TWS variant are available to the Operator. See Table 2-6 for
available reticles by TWS variant.
Table 2-6 TWS Reticle Application Matrix
WEAPON/RETICLE LWTS MWTS HWTS
M4/M16 ! ! !
M136 !
M249 !
M240 !
M2 !
MK19 !
M24 !
M107 !
NONE ! ! !
The following sections describe each available reticle. The TWS variant to
which each reticle applies is identified in parenthesis in the reticle title.

2-21
2
-
1

NOTES
Reticle illustrations herein are intended to illustrate reticle
features and usage and may not be to scale.
Reticle positions illustrated may vary from actual display.
Reticle positions will vary as a result of reticle coordinates set
during zeroing or sight alignment.
The home (000R 000U) reticle coordinate position in the
display will vary from reticle to reticle as a result of weapon
specific calibrations applied separately to each reticle by the
manufacturer.
The home (000R 000U) reticle coordinate position in the
display will vary from TWS to TWS as a result of TWS specific
calibrations applied by the manufacturer.
Differences in displayed reticle position from those illustrated is
acceptable and is not cause for TWS rejection or maintenance
action.

2-22

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.1 M4/16 Reticles (LWTS)
The M4/16 reticles are used for range estimation and target firing (see
Figures 2-6a & b). The distance between the two horizontal lines reflects
the width of a man at 25 meters. The distance between the two vertical
lines reflects the height of a man 5 feet tall at 300 meters. The center dot is
the aim point for firing at 0-300 meters. The top of the lower vertical stadia
is the 500 meter aimpoint. Table 2-7 defines the angular dimensions of the
reticle elements.
Table 2-7 M4/16 Reticle Angular Dimensions (LWTS)
ANGLE (MILS)
VARIANT WEAPON FOV A B C D
W 30 40 50 80
LWTS M4/M16
N 30 40 50 80

2-23
2
-
1

Figure 2-6a M4/M16 Reticle (LWTS-WFOV)

Figure 2-6b M4/M16 Reticle (LWTS-NFOV)

2-24

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.2 M136 Reticle (LWTS)
The M136 reticle provides multiple crosshairs used for range estimation
and target firing (see Figures 2-7a & b). Each crosshair is used at a
different range. The range at which to use a specific crosshair is indicated
on the side of the crosshair, in the hundreds digit, in meters (example: 6 =
600 meters). Each crosshair is separated by a range of 100 meters. The
vertical line of a crosshair reflects the height of a man 5 feet tall at the
indicated range. The horizontal line of a crosshair reflects the width of a
10-foot tank at the indicated range. The firing aim point of each crosshair
is the point of intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines. Table 2-8
defines the angular dimensions of the reticle elements.
Table 2-8 M136 Reticle Angular Dimensions
ANGLE (MILS)
W 30 40 50 80
LWTS M136
N 30 40 50 80

2-25
2
-
1

Figure 2-7a M136 Reticle (WFOV)

Figure 2-7b M136 Reticle (NFOV)

2-26

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.3 NONE Reticle (LWTS)
The NONE reticle provides a clutter-free image area when range
estimation, angular measurement and targeting are not required except
NFOV Indicator will be present in WFOV (see Figures 2-8a & b).

2-27
2
-
1

Figure 2-8a NONE Reticle (WFOV)

Figure 2-8b NONE Reticle (NFOV)

2-28

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.4 M4/16 Reticle (MWTS)
The M4/16 reticles are used for range estimation and target firing (see
Figures 2-9a & b). In the WFOV the distance between the two horizontal
lines reflects the width of a man at 25 meters, and the distance between the
two vertical lines reflects the height of a man 5 feet tall at 300 meters. In
the NFOV the distance between the two horizontal lines reflects the width
of a man at 50 meters, and the distance between the two vertical lines
reflects the height of a man 5 feet tall at 300 meters. The center dot is the
aim point for firing at 0-300 meters. The top of the lower vertical stadia is
the 500 meter aimpoint. Table 2-9 defines the angular dimensions of the
reticle elements.

Table 2-9 M4/16 Reticle Angular Dimensions (MWTS)
Angle (MILS)
Variant Weapon FOV A B C D
W 30 40 50 80
MWTS M4/M16
N 15 20 25 40

2-29
2
-
1

Figure 2-9a M4/M16 Reticle (MWTS-WFOV)

Figure 2-9b M4/M16 Reticle (MWTS-NFOV)

2-30

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.5 M249 Reticle (MWTS)
The M249 reticles provide multiple dot aim points used for range
estimation and target firing (see Figure 2-10a & b). Each dot aim point is
used at a different range. The range at which to use a specific dot aim
point is indicated on the side of the range gauge in the hundreds digit in
meters (example: 8 =800 meters). For both the WFOV and NFOV reticles,
the bottom of the vertical line above the 200 meter aim point is the 100
meter aim point. The vertical line of the range gauge reflects the height of a
man 5 feet tall at the specified range. The horizontal line of the range
gauge reflects the width of a 10 foot tank at the specified range. The firing
aim point is the dot aim point for each specific range. Table 2-10 defines
the angular dimensions of the reticle elements.
ANGLE (MILS)
W 30 40 50 80
MWTS M249
N 15 20 25 40

2-31
2
-
1



2-32

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.6 M240 Reticle (MWTS)
The M240 reticles provide multiple dot aim points and range gauges used
for range estimation and target firing (see 2-11a & b). Each dot aim point
is used at a different range. The range at which to use a specific dot aim
point is indicated on side of the range gauge, in the hundreds digit in
meters (example: 7 =700 meters). For both the WFOV and NFOV reticles,
the bottom of the vertical line above the 200 meter aim point is the 100
meter aim point. The vertical line of a range gauge reflects the height of a
man 5 feet tall at the specified range. The horizontal line of a range gauge
reflects the width of a 10-foot tank at the indicated range. The firing aim
point is the dot aim point for each specific range. Table 2-11 defines the
angular dimensions of the reticle elements.

ANGLE (MILS)
W 30 40 50 80
MWTS M240
N 15 20 25 40

2-33
2
-
1



2-34

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.7 NONE Reticle (MWTS)
The NONE reticle provides a clutter free image area when range

2-35
2
-
1



2-36

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.8 M4/16 (Squad Leaders) Reticle (HWTS)
The M4/16 reticle is used for range estimation and target firing (see Figure
2-13a & b).
In the WFOV, the distance between the two horizontal lines represents the
width of a man at 25 meters. The length of the vertical line represents the
height of a man, 5 feet tall, at 300 meters. The center dot is the aim point
for firing at 300 meters. A 5mil scale is provided for angular
measurements.
The M4/16 NFOV reticle provides multiple aim points for range estimation
and targeting. Each aim point is used at a different range. The range, in
the hundreds digit in meters (e.g., 5 =500 meters), is indicated to the side
of each aim point. Separate aim points are provided for 300, 400 and
500m. The horizontal and vertical reticle elements are 5mils in length. The
space between the 300 m aim point and each horizontal element is 5mils.
The space between the 300m aim point and the vertical element is 1mil. A
5mil scale is provided for angular measurements. Table 2-12 defines the
angular dimensions of the reticle elements.
Table 2-12 M4/16 Reticle Angular Dimensions (HWTS)
ANGLE (MILS)
M4/M16 W 15 20 25 40
HWTS
M4/M16 N 5 10 15 20

2-37
2
-
1

Figure 2-13a M4/16 Reticle (HWTS-WFOV)

Figure 2-13b M4/16 Reticle (HWTS-NFOV)

2-38

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.9 M2 Reticle (HWTS)
The M2 reticles provide multiple aim points for range estimation and
targeting (see Figure 2-14a & b). Each aim point is used at a different
range. The range, in the hundreds digit in meters (e.g., 5 =500 meters), is
indicated to the side of each aim point. For the WFOV reticle, the
unmarked crosshair above the zeroing aim line is used at 200 meters. The
vertical lines and the inner diameter of the circles reflect the height of a
man 5 feet tall at the indicated range. The horizontal lines reflect the width
of a 10-foot tank at the indicated range. The firing aim point is the
intersection of the vertical and horizontal lines, the large dot or the center
of the circle for the indicated range. For the NFOV reticle, the aim points
corresponding to the ranges on the left are used when the range lever on the
M2 bracket is set to NEAR. The aim points corresponding to the ranges on
the right are used when the range lever on the M2 bracket is set to FAR.
The zeroing aim line represents a 10-foot tank at 500 meters and an angle
from the aim point of 11mils for WFOV and 8mils for NFOV. When using
the WFOV reticle, the range lever on the M2 bracket must be set to NEAR.
Table 2-13 defines the angular dimensions of the reticle elements.

ANGLE (MILS)
W 6 11 16 22
HWTS M2
N 6 7.5 9 15

2-39
2
-
1



2-40

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.10 MK19 Reticle (HWTS)
The MK19 WFOV reticle (5mil forward observer reticle) is used to
measure angles for combat preparations, directing fire, or range
estimations. Each increment of the scale is equal to 5mil. (see Figure 2-
15a).
The MK19 NFOV reticle provides one crosshair and a range scale (see
Figure 2-15b). The numbers of the range scale are the hundreds digit in
meters (e.g., 4 =400 meters). The vertical lines of the range scale reflect
the height of a man 5 feet tall at that indicated range. The distance between
two consecutive vertical lines reflects the width of a 10-foot tank at the
range indicated by the vertical line on the left. The vertical line of the
crosshair reflects the height of a man 5 feet tall at 800 meters. The
horizontal line of the crosshair reflects the width of a 10-foot tank at 800
meters. The firing aim point is the point of intersection of the vertical and
horizontal lines of the crosshair. Table 2-14 defines the angular
dimensions of the reticle elements.

Table 2-14 MK19 Reticle Angular Dimensions
ANGLE (MILS)
HWTS MK19 N 5 10 15 20
NOTES
The MK19 WFOV reticle is static (cannot be zeroed) and is not
intended for firing.
There may be an allowable, apparent positional shift in the
reticles between WFOV and NFOV with this reticle.

2-41
2
-
1

Figure 2-15a MK19 Reticle (WFOV)

Figure 2-15b MK19 Reticle (NFOV)

2-42

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.11 M24 Reticle (HWTS)
The M24 WFOV reticle (5mil forward observer reticle) is used to measure
angles for combat preparations, directing fire, or range estimations. Each
increment of the scale is equal to 5mil (see Figure 2-16a).
The M24 NFOV reticle provides aim points for various ranges and an
angular scale (see Figure 2-16b). The angular scale is used for combat
preparations, directing fire, or range estimations. The aim points are the
center of the crosshairs for each indicated range (includes compensation for
normal drift of the round). The horizontal line of dots at the odd ranges
and the vertical scale are mil dot scales. The range, in the hundreds digit,
in meters (e.g., 4 =400 meters), is indicated to the side of each aim point.
ANGLE (MILS)
HWTS M24 N 4 5 6 10
NOTES
The M24 WFOV reticle is static (cannot be zeroed) and is not

2-43
2
-
1



2-44

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.12 M107 Reticle (HWTS)
The M107 WFOV reticle (5mil forward observer reticle) is used to
measure angles for combat preparations, directing fire, or range
estimations. Each increment of the scale is equal to 5mil (see Figure
2-17a).
The M107 NFOV reticle provides aim points for various ranges and an
angular scale (see Figure 2-17b). The angular scale is used for combat
preparations, directing fire, or range estimations. The aim points are the
center of the crosshairs for each indicated range (includes compensation for
normal drift of the round). The horizontal line of dots at the odd ranges
and the vertical scale are mil dot scales. The range, in the hundreds digit,
in meters (e.g., 5 =500 meters), is indicated to the side of each aim point.

ANGLE (MILS)
HWTS M107 N 4 5 6 10
NOTES
The M107 WFOV reticle is static (cannot be zeroed) and is not

2-45
2
-
1



2-46

2
-
1

2-1.1.3.2.13 NONE Reticle (HWTS)
The NONE reticle provides a clutter-free image area when range

2-47
2
-
1



2-48
SECTION 2 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CHECKS AND
SERVICES (PMCS)
2-2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PMCS TABLE
2-2.1.1 GENERAL
Table 2-17 (TWS PMCS table) has been provided so you can keep your
equipment in good operating condition and ready for its primary
mission.
2-2.1.2 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
Always observe the WARNINGS and CAUTIONS appearing in your
PMCS table. WARNINGS and CAUTIONS appear before applicable
procedures. You must observe these WARNINGS and CAUTIONS to
prevent serious injury to yourself and others or prevent your equipment
from being damaged.
2-2.1.3 EXPLANATION OF TABLE ENTRIES
2-2.1.3.1 ITEM NUMBER COLUMN
Numbers in this column are for reference. When completing DA Form
5988-E (Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet), include
the item number for the check/service indicating a fault. Item numbers
also appear in the order that you must do checks and service for the
intervals listed.
2-2.1.3.2 INTERVAL COLUMN
This column tells you when you must do the procedure in the procedure
column. BEFORE procedures must be done before you operate or use
the equipment for its intended mission. DURING procedures must be
done during the time you are operating or using the equipment for its
intended mission. AFTER procedures must be done immediately after
you have operated or used the equipment.
2-2.1.3.3 LOCATION ITEM TO CHECK/SERVICE COLUMN
This column provides the location and the item to be checked or
serviced.

2
-
2

2-49
2
-
1

2-2.1.3.4 PROCEDURE COLUMN
This column gives the procedure you must do to check or service the
item listed in the Check/Service column to know if the equipment is
ready or available for its intended mission or for operation. You must
do the procedure at the time stated in the interval column.
2-2.1.3.5 NOT FULLY MISSION CAPABLE IF: COLUMN
If you perform PMCS that show faults listed in this column, do not
operate the TWS. Any listing in this column requires return to a higher
level of maintenance.
2-2.2 PMCS TABLE
To perform PMCS, follow the Preventive Maintenance Checks and
Services for TWS (Table 2-17).

WARNING
Do not touch, ingest, or inhale particles of a broken objective
lens. Lens contains germanium which is slightly toxic if ingested
or inhaled. Fragments may be sharp enough to cut personnel if
touched.
CAUTION
Failure to push when rotating or over-rotating battery cassette
latch may result in damage to Battery Cassette

2
-
2

2
-
5
0

2-2
Table 2-17 TWS PMCS
ITEM
NO.
INTERVAL LOCATION ITEM TO
CHECK/SERVICE
PROCEDURE NOT FULLY MISSION CAPABLE IF:
(a) Inspect TWS components per
Appendix B and for presence of
QRC.
(a) TWS components are missing or
damaged.
1 Before TWS Components
(b) As required, clean TWS
components per Chapter 3, to
include CLP that may be on
any sight component.

2 Before Controls Inspect controls (Figure 2-1 and
Table 2-1 for location of controls).
Controls are loose or damaged. Controls or
parts of controls (e.g., Button Caps) are
missing.
(a) Inspect, open Objective Lens
Cap.
(a) Objective Lens Cap is damaged or
missing.
(b) Inspect Objective Lens. If
needed clean Objective Lens per
3-2.3.
(b) Objective Lens is cracked or chipped.
(c) Turn Objective Focus Ring. (c) Objective Focus Ring does not turn
smoothly from stop to stop.
3

Before Objective Lens and
Lens Cap
(d) Close Objective Lens Cap. (d) Objective Lens Cap does not close.

2
-
5
1

2-2

ITEM
NO.
INTERVAL LOCATION ITEM
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
4 Before Housing Inspect Housing (1), exterior screws
(2) and I/O Cap/Lanyard (3).
Housing is cracked, exterior screws are missing
or loose. I/O Cap/Lanyard is missing or
damaged.

2
-
5
2

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
(a) Remove Battery Cassette (1). (a) Battery Cassette cannot be removed.
(b) Inspect Barrel Hooks (2), battery
contacts (3), Battery Compartment
Seal (4) and compartment interior
(5).
(b) Barrel Hooks, contacts, or Battery
Compartment Seal, are damaged/
missing. Contacts are corroded. Battery
Compartment cracked/broken.
5 Before Battery
Compartment
(c) Clean Battery Compartment and
contacts per 3-2.5.

2
-
5
3

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
(a) Inspect Battery Cassettes (1). (a) Battery Cassette/battery retaining
tabs (1) are cracked, broken or
deformed. Latch Assembly (4) is
damaged, warped, worn or does not
rotate when pushed.
(b) Inspect Contact Springs (2) and
Contact Bar (3) (MWTS/HWTS
only).
(b) Parts are missing, loose, broken or
corroded.
(c) Clean Battery Cassette per 3-2.5. (c)
(d) Install Batteries per 2-3.1.4.1. (d) Batteries do not fit or are not
securely retained.
6 Before Battery Cassette
(e) Install Battery Cassette per 2-3.1.4.2. (e) Battery Cassette does not fit or latch.
LWTS MWTS/HWTS

2
-
5
4

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
7 Before Rail Grabber Inspect Rail Grabber (1) and screws
(2). Verify proper configuration of
Vertical Spacer (LWTS) per Table 1-6.
Rail Grabber is loose or screws are
missing. Mount is damaged.
(a) Inspect weapon bracket and rail. (a) Weapon bracket or rail is damaged.
(b) Install weapon bracket on weapon
and TWS on rail per 2-3.2.1
through 2-3.2.9.
(b) Weapon bracket or TWS does not
properly install.
8 Before Weapon
Bracket/Rail
(c) Remove TWS from rail and weapon
bracket from weapon per 2-3.2.1
through 2-3.2.9.
(c) Weapon bracket or TWS cannot be
removed.

2
-
5
5

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
(a) Inspect Eyecup and retaining ring. (a) Eyecup is damaged, missing, not
securely retained or not oriented per 3-
2.2.2.f.
(b) Press eye on Eyecup, turn TWS ON
(Press ON/OFF >3 seconds and
release) and observe display.
(b) Display does not turn on. Display Start-
up screen/symbology is not viewable.
Eyepiece Lens is cracked or chipped.
Condensation is visible inside Eyepiece.
(c) Turn Diopter Ring. (c) Diopter Ring does not turn smoothly
from stop to stop. Display focus does
not vary with rotation.
(d) Release pressure from Eyecup.
Hold Eyecup in extended position,
move starburst flaps aside with
finger to observe display.
(d) Display does not turn off.
9 Before Eyepiece Lens
and
Eyecup
(e) If needed, clean lens per 3-2.3. (e)
10 Before Startup
Indicators
Start-up Screen (Figure 2-2a) is
displayed during start-up (<2 minutes)
then replaced with an image in step 9.
Start-up Screen remains displayed longer
than 2 minutes, no image, symbology or
reticle are displayed.
11 Before Battery Indicator If Battery Indicator displays less than
full charge or flashes, install fresh L91
batteries per 2-3.1.4.
Less than full charge or low battery is
indicated with fresh L91 batteries.
12 Before TEMP or
REBOOT
If TEMP or REBOOT indicator is
displayed, cycle power ON/OFF.
TEMP or REBOOT indicator is still
displayed.

2
-
5
6

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
a. View Display. (a) Display is not visible. Display jitters or
jumps.
b. Looking at Display, adjust Diopter
Ring on Eyepiece for sharp focus
of reticle and status indicators.
(b) Reticle and indicators are not visible.
Reticle and indicators will not sharply
focus.
c. Open Objective Lens Cap and
check for thermal scene.
(c) Thermal scene is not visible. Display
has dead rows, columns, pixels, or fixed
pattern noise that adversely affects
ability to acquire or engage a target.
d. Activate FOV switch once (to
NFOV), check reticle and
indicator.
(d) FOV indicator does not change to N.
Reticle does not change. Magnification
of thermal scene does not change.
Reticle features are incorrect.
13 Before TWS Display
Controls and
Indicators
e. Activate FOV switch once (to
WFOV), check reticle and
indicator.
(e) FOV indicator does not change to W.
Reticle does not change. Magnification
of thermal scene does not change.
Reticle features are incorrect.

2
-
5
7

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
f. View object at approximately 10m
and adjust Objective Focus Ring.
(f) Objective Lens will not sharply focus
on object.
g. View a distant object and adjust
Objective Focus Ring.
(g) Objective Lens will not sharply focus
on object.
h. Ensure Contrast State is selected.
Adjust Gain (deflect FUNCTION
switch up/down) until scene changes.
(h) Contrast of thermal scene does not
vary with Gain function and/or
manual gain indicator not displayed.
i. In Contrast State, adjust Level
(deflect FUNCTION switch left/right)
until scene changes.
(i) Level of thermal scene does not vary
with Level function, and/or manual
level indicator not displayed.
j. In Contrast State, activate Auto
Reset/ROI Select (momentarily
press/release FUNCTION switch
center push button) once.
(j) Automatic gain and level are not
restored. AUTO [1] Indicator is not
displayed.
k. In Contrast State, activate the Auto
Reset/ROI Select function once.
(k) AUTO [2] Indicator is not displayed.
l. In Contrast State, activate the Auto
(l) AUTO [3] Indicator is not displayed.
Controls and
Indicators
(Contd)
m. In Contrast State, activate the Auto
(m) AUTO [1] Indicator is not displayed.

2
-
5
8

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
n. Activate Polarity function (press
ON/OFF <3 seconds twice).
(n) Polarity of image does not change.
WHT HOT and BLK HOT indicators
do not alternate.
o. Select the Display State (Press <2
seconds and release MODE button).
Adjust Brightness function (deflect
FUNCTION switch up/down).
(o) Brightness of display does not vary
with control input.
p. Toggle reticle polarity function
(deflect FUNCTION switch
left/right).
(p) Reticle polarity does not toggle
between black and white.
q. Remove eye from Eyecup. (q) Display does not turn off within 3
seconds.
r. Place eye to Eyecup and apply
pressure.
(r) Display does not turn on within 3
seconds.
s. Select the EMER mode (Press >2
seconds and release MODE button).
(s) EMER indicator is not displayed.
t. Remove eye from Eyecup. (t) Display does not remain on.
Controls and
Indicators
(Contd)
u. Place eye to Eyecup and apply
pressure. Select the ZERO Mode
(Press >2 seconds and release
MODE button).
(u) ZERO indicator is not displayed.
Windage and elevation coordinates
are not displayed.

2
-
5
9

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
v. Advance Reticle Select function
(successive momentary center press
and release cycles of FUNCTION
switch) through and check all reticles
(see Table 2-6). Check wide and
narrow reticles per 2-1.1.3.
NOTE
Actual displayed reticle scale and
position may vary from that
illustrated herein see 2-1.1.3.2
(v) Reticle does not change. Reticle is not
found. Reticle features are incorrect.
w. Record windage and elevation
coordinates displayed. Adjust reticle
position (deflect FUNCTION switch
up/down & left/right) for at least 2
seconds, in each of the 4 directions.
Reset windage and elevation
coordinates to recorded values.
(w) Windage and elevation coordinates do
not vary and/or reticle position does
not move with control input. In
WFOV the reticle position increments
in steps of 2 for the LWTS and steps
of 3 for the MWTS and HWTS.
x. Turn TWS OFF (press >3 seconds and
release ON/OFF button).
(x) TWS remains on.
y. Close Objective Lens Cap.
Controls and
Indicators
(Contd)
z. Remove battery cassette per 2-3.1.4.2
if no further use is immediately
scheduled.
(y)
14 Before External Device
(if used)
Connect and power up TWS and External
Device per instructions found in the
External Device manual. For video output
place TWS in EMER.
TWS and External Device do not function
as required.

2
-
6
0

2-2

ITEM
NO.
TO
CHECK/SERVICE
15 During TEMP/REBOOT Monitor for TEMP/REBOOT indicator
flashing. Cycle power ON/OFF.
TEMP/REBOOT indicator remains
displayed after cycling power.
16 During Rail Grabber Periodically check the security of the
Rail Grabber to the Rail.
Rail Grabber repeatedly loosens or is
unable to be tightened.
(a) Check if Eyecup is in place. (a) Eyecup is missing. 17 During Eyecup
(b) If Eyecup is missing, switch TWS
to EMER mode if tactical situation
(light discipline) permits.
(b)
18 During Objective Lens
Cap
Ensure Objective Lens Cap is in place. Objective Lens Cap is damaged or missing.
(a) Monitor Eyepiece Lens for fogging
during use.
(a) Fogging or condensation internal to the
Eyepiece Lens is present.

19 During Eyepiece Lens
(b) Apply anti-fog compound as
required per 3-2.4.
(a)
20 After Repeat steps 1 through 14.

2-61
2
-
3

SECTION 3 OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS
2-3.1 ASSEMBLY & PREPARATION FOR USE
2-3.1.1 UNPACKING & INSPECTING THE TRANSIT CASE
Refer to Figure 2-19 for unpacking the Transit Case.
NOTE
There may be one or two TWS per Transit Case.
a. Release latches (1) on Transit Case (2) and open cover (3).
b. Remove Carrying Case(s) (4) from Transit Case (2).
c. Close cover (3) on Transit Case (2) and secure latches (1).

Figure 2-19 Unpacking the Transit Case

2-62

2
-
3

2-3.1.2 UNPACKING & INSPECTING THE CARRYING CASE
Refer to Figure 2-20 for unpacking the TWS Carrying Case.
CAUTIONS
Avoid handling or carrying TWS by the Eyecup or Objective
Lens Cap. Either one of these items may detach from the
system, causing it to drop.
Failure to push when rotating or over-rotating battery
cassette latch may result in damage to Battery Cassette

NOTE
Anti-Fog Towelettes are not included with the TWS when initially
shipped and must be requisitioned from the supply system if not
present.
Unzip top cover (Figure 2-20, item 1A) and remove TWS (2) from Carrying Case
(1).
a. Examine TWS (2) for damage (cracks, missing or loose knobs, etc.), and
check to see that the nameplate information is present and readable.
b. Unzip side cover (1B).
c. If present, remove Weapon Bracket (10) from side compartment of
Carrying Case (1).
d. Remove Cassette Case (4) from Carrying Case pocket (1C) and remove
one Battery Cassette (3) from Cassette Case 4 and one Battery Cassette
(3) from TWS (2) by pushing and rotating the latch CCW and pulling out
Battery Cassettes.
e. Remove Operators Manual (5), Quick Reference Card (6), from pockets
in Carrying Case side cover (1B). Check to see that Lens Cleaner Pen
(7), Lens Cleaning Towelettes (8) and Anti-Fog Towelettes (9) are
present.
f. Zip the Carrying Case side cover (1B) and top cover (1A) closed.

2-63
2
-
3

Figure 2-20 Unpacking the Carrying Case
(1)

2-64

2
-
3

2-3.1.3 CONFIGURATION OF RAIL GRABBERS/VERTICAL SPACERS
Refer to Table 2-18 and Figures 2-21, 2-22 and 2-23. Prior to use,
inspect the TWS to verify that the Rail Grabber and Vertical Spacer
have been properly configured by the Service Maintainer for the
intended weapon application.
Table 2-18 Rail Grabber & Vertical Spacer Configuration Matrix
TWS WEAPON VERTICAL
SPACER
MIL-STD-1913
RAIL GRABBER
M24
MOUNT ASSEMBLY
LWTS
M16A1/A2 !
LWTS
M4/M16A4 ! !
LWTS
M136 * !
MWTS
M16A1/A2 !
MWTS
M4/M16A4 !
MWTS
M249 !
MWTS
M240 !
HWTS
M16A1/A2 !
HWTS
M4/M16A4 !
HWTS
M2 !
HWTS
MK19 !
HWTS
M24 !
HWTS
M107 !
* LWTS may be mounted to the M136 with or without the vertical
spacer installed.

2-65
2
-
3

Figure 2-21 Standard Rail Grabber and Vertical Spacer
Configurations

2-66

2
-
3

Figure 2-22 M16A1/A2 Rail Grabber Configuration (LWTS Only)

Figure 2-23 M24 Mount Assembly Configuration (HWTS Only)

2-67
2
-
3

2-3.1.4 REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF BATTERIES
WARNINGS
Do not open, crush, puncture or otherwise mutilate
batteries. Handle leaking batteries with rubber or plastic
gloves. Get medical attention for any skin or respiratory
irritation.
Batteries contain materials that are potentially hazardous
and harmful to the environment. Turn depleted, leaking, or
damaged batteries in to next higher level of maintenance for
disposal in accordance with unit Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP).
Do not expose batteries to water. Batteries may short
circuit and/or flammable or noxious gas may be released
that may cause a fire or injury to personnel.
Do not install batteries backwards, mix types of batteries, or
mix used/new batteries. Batteries may explode or leak and
cause personnel injury and/or equipment damage.
When using batteries other than the AA L91 (LiFeS2), the
low battery indicator may not activate in time to provide
sufficient warning to change batteries.
Do not recharge AA L91 (LiFeS2) or alkaline batteries.
Refer to the Universal Battery Charger technical manual for
directions on how to safely recharge the AA NiMH battery.
Do not short-circuit battery terminals. Batteries may
explode or leak flammable or noxious gas, causing injury to
personnel or damage to equipment.
Ensure spare Battery Cassette is kept in its carrying case at
all times to preclude personal injury.
CAUTION
Ensure spare Battery Cassette is kept in its carrying case at
all times to preclude damage to the battery cassette.

2-68

2
-
3

NOTES
Battery-life performance will degrade significantly under cold
temperatures. NiMH and alkaline batteries may not function
or may provide unacceptable battery life performance under
extreme cold conditions.
The Battery Charge and Low Battery Indicators are
calibrated for the primary (L91) battery and may not
function accurately when using NiMH or Alkaline batteries.
During cold temperatures while in non-use, batteries should
be kept close to the body to keep warm. Batteries will last
longer if batteries are warm.
2-3.1.4.1 REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF BATTERIES IN CASSETTES
Refer to Figures 2-24a & b for installation of batteries in Battery
Cassettes.
The Battery Cassettes have tactile polarity orientation features for
identification of proper battery polarity orientation under conditions of
limited visibility, for each column of batteries in the cassette (Figures 2-
24a & b). The raised (bump) feature indicates the proper orientation of
the positive (raised) terminal of each battery.
CAUTION
AA batteries are not keyed. It is possible to install batteries
backwards.
2-3.1.4.1.1 LWTS Battery Removal
Remove 4 AA batteries (1) from the Battery Cassette (2). Batteries will
snap out.
2-3.1.4.1.2 LWTS Battery Installation
Install 4 AA batteries (1) in the Battery Cassette (2) oriented as shown in
the figure and as marked on the cassette. Batteries will snap into place.
2-3.1.4.1.3 MWTS/HWTS Battery Removal
Remove 6 AA batteries (1) from the Battery Cassette (2). Batteries will
snap out.

2-69
2
-
3

2-3.1.4.1.4 MWTS/HWTS Battery Installation
Install 6 AA batteries (1) in the Battery Cassette (2) oriented as shown in
the figure and as marked on the cassette. Batteries will snap into place.

Figure 2-24a Installation of Batteries in Battery Cassettes

2-70

2
-
3

Figure 2-24b Installation of Batteries in Battery Cassettes
2-3.1.4.2 REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF BATTERY CASSETTES
CAUTION
Failure to push when rotating or over-rotating battery cassette
latch may result in damage to Battery Cassette
NOTE
Battery Cassettes are keyed and cannot be installed backwards

2-71
2
-
3

Refer to Figures 2-25a & b for installation of Battery Cassette in TWS
The Battery Cassettes have tactile polarity orientation features for
identification of proper Battery Cassette orientation under conditions of
limited visibility. For LWTS the notch feature should be oriented up.
For MWTS & HWTS the ridges feature should be oriented up.
2-3.1.4.2.1 LWTS Battery Cassette Removal
a. Turn TWS OFF (Press >3 seconds, and release the ON/OFF button).
b. Refer to Figure 2-25a. Push and rotate Battery Cassette Latch (1), on
Battery Cassette (2), CCW until Latch Ramps (3) clear the Barrel
Hooks (4) and pull the Battery Cassette out of the Battery
Compartment (5).
2-3.1.4.2.2 LWTS Battery Cassette Installation
a. Refer to Figure 2-25a. With Battery Cassette (2) loaded with
batteries, align orientation key (7) with Battery Compartment
orientation key (8) and insert into the Battery Compartment (5).
b. Push and rotate the Battery Cassette Latch (1) CW until the Latch
Ramps (3) fully engage the Barrel Hooks (4) and the detent engages.
2-3.1.4.2.3 MWTS/HWTS Battery Cassette Removal
a. Turn TWS OFF (Press >2 seconds, and release the ON/OFF button).
b. Refer to Figure 2-25b. Push and rotate Battery Cassette Latch (1), on
Battery Cassette (2), CCW until Latch Ramps (3) clear the Barrel
Hooks (4) and pull the Battery Cassette out of the Battery
Compartment (5).
2-3.1.4.2.4 MWTS/HWTS Battery Cassette Installation
a. Refer to Figure 2-25b. With Battery Cassette (2), loaded with
batteries, align the two orientation keys (7) with Battery
Compartment orientation keys (8) and insert into the Battery
Compartment (5).
b. Push and rotate the Battery Cassette Latch (1) CW until the Latch
Ramps (3) fully engage the Barrel Hooks (4) and the detent engages.

2-72

2
-
3

Figure 2-25a Battery Cassette Installation

2-73
2
-
3

Figure 2-25b Battery Cassette Installation

2-74

2
-
3

2-3.2 MOUNTING/REMOVAL
2-3.2.1 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF TWS ON M16A1/A2 RIFLE
The same bracket is used for mounting the LWTS, MWTS, or HWTS on
the M16A1/A2 rifle (see Figure 2-26). The Vertical Spacer must be
removed from the LWTS prior to mounting on the M16A1/A2 Rifle.
WARNING
Ensure weapon is not loaded and safety is on before installing or
removing bracket/TWS to weapon. A loaded weapon may
accidentally discharge, causing injury or death.
CAUTION
Avoid handling or carrying TWS by the Eyecup or Objective Lens
Cap. Any one of these items may detach from the system,
causing it to drop.
a. Install M16A1/A2 bracket (1) on M16A1/A2 Rifle (2).
NOTE
Ensure Bracket thumbwheel lanyard is toward front of weapon.
1. Place threaded rod (3) of bracket (1) through hole (4) of
carrying handle (5).
2. Install thumbwheel (6) on threaded rod (3) and hand tighten by
turning CW.
b. Install TWS (7) on Rail (8).
1. Loosen torque-limiting knob (9) on Rail Grabber (10) by
turning CCW.
2. Select slot on rail (8) for mounting to provide optimum fit when
shouldering weapon. Any slot may be used as long as Rail
Grabber (10) does not hang over edge of rail.
3. Place bar (11) of Rail Grabber (10) in slot of rail (8). Ensure
TWS Rail Grabber rests fully on rail and while pushing TWS
forward, hand tighten torque-limiting knob (9) on Rail Grabber,
by turning CW until two clicks are heard.
4. Record slot used, TWS and weapon serial numbers.
NOTE
Zero may be invalidated if M16A1/A2 bracket is removed from
the weapon.

2-75
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3

c. Remove TWS (7) from M16A1/A2 Rifle (2).
turning CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove TWS (7) from rail (8).
3. Unscrew thumbwheel (6) CCW from M16A1/A2 bracket (1).
4. Remove M16A1/A2 bracket (1) from carrying handle (5).
5. Screw thumbwheel (6) on to M16A1/A2 bracket (1).
6. Tighten torque-limiting knob by turning CW until 2 clicks are
heard.

Figure 2-26 TWS Mounting on M16A1/A2 Rifle

2-76

2
-
3

2-3.2.2 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF TWS ON M4 SERIES CARBINE
OR M16A4 RIFLE
Refer to Figure 2-27 for mounting or removing LWTS, MWTS, or
HWTS on M4 series Carbine or M16A4 Rifle.
WARNING
Ensure weapon is not loaded and safety is on before installing or
removing TWS to weapon. A loaded weapon may accidentally
CAUTION
Avoid handling or carrying TWS by the Eyecup, Objective Lens
causing it to drop.
a. If carrying handle is present, turn two knobs CCW on carrying
handle to loosen and remove carrying handle from rail of weapon.
Retain carrying handle.
NOTE
Ensure Vertical spacer has been installed by maintenance on
LWTS being mounted to M4 Carbine or M16A4 Rifle.
b. Install LWTS with Vertical Spacer (1) or M/HWTS on Rail (3).
1. Loosen torque-limiting knob (2) on Rail Grabber (4) by turning
CCW.
2. Select slot on Rail (3) for mounting to provide optimum fit
when shouldering weapon so that Rail Grabber (4) does not
overhang edge of rail. When Backup Iron Sight (BIS) is present,
ensure a minimum gap of 1 slot (LWTS) and 3 slots (M/HWTS)
between back of Rail Grabber and front of BIS.
3. Place bar (5) of Rail Grabber (4) in slot of rail (3). Ensure TWS
Rail Grabber rests fully on rail and while pushing TWS forward,
hand tighten torque-limiting knob (2) on Rail Grabber, by
turning CW until two clicks are heard.

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c. Remove TWS (1) from Rail (3).
1. Loosen torque-limiting knob (2) by turning CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove TWS (1) from rail (3).
3. If removed in step a., place carrying handle on rail of M4 Series
Carbine or M16A4 Rifle.
4. Hand-tighten two knobs on carrying handle by turning CW.
heard.

Figure 2-27 TWS Mounting on M4 Series Carbine/M16A4 Rifle

2-78

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-
3

2-3.2.3 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF LWTS ON M136 (AT4)
Refer to Figure 2-28 for mounting or removing LWTS on M136 (AT4).
WARNING
Ensure weapon safeties are on before installing or removing
Bracket/TWS to weapon. A loaded weapon may accidentally
CAUTIONS
Avoid handling or carrying TWS by the Eyecup, Objective
Lens Cap. Any one of these items may detach from the
Do not stand the M136 on end. The seal may be punctured
affecting weapon performance.
a. Install AT4 Bracket (1) on AT4 (2).
1. Position AT4 bracket (1) on left side of AT4 (2), so the marking
FRONT is over the rear sight housing (3).
2. Spread pivot bracket (4) open and place top of support bracket
on rear sight housing (3) and bottom of support bracket against
strap boss (5).
3. Swing pivot bracket (4) around AT4 (2) and secure by turning
the locking latch (6) CW to engage latch shoulder screw (7).
NOTE
LWTS may be mounted to the AT4 with or without the vertical
spacer installed.
b. Install LWTS (8) on Rail (9).
turning CCW.
2. Select slot on Rail (9) for mounting to provide optimum fit
when shouldering weapon. Any slot may be used as long as
Rail Grabber (11) does not hang over edge of rail.
forward, hand tighten torque-limiting knob (10) on Rail
Grabber, by turning CW until two clicks are heard.
4. Record slot used.

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c. Remove LWTS (8) from AT4 (2).
turning CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove LWTS (8) from rail (9).
3. Turn locking latch (6) CCW until released from latch shoulder
screw (7), swing pivot bracket (4) open and remove Bracket (1)
from Weapon (2).
4. Retain Bracket.
heard.

Figure 2-28 LWTS Mounting on AT4

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2-3.2.4 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF MWTS ON M249 SQUAD
AUTOMATIC WEAPON (SAW)
Refer to Figure 2-29 for mounting/removing MWTS on M249 SAW.
WARNING
Ensure weapon is not loaded and safety is on before installing
and removing TWS to and from weapon. A loaded weapon may
CAUTIONS
causing it to drop.
The TWS must be mounted on slot T5 or T6 of the rail,
otherwise damage to the TWS may result.
a. Install MWTS (1) on Rail (2).
CCW.
2. Select slot T5 or T6 on Rail (2) for mounting.
b. Remove MWTS (1) from Rail (2).
CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove MWTS (1) from rail (2).
heard.

2-81
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Figure 2-29 MWTS Mounting on M249 Squad Automatic Weapon
(SAW)

2-82

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-
3

2-3.2.5 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF MWTS ON M240 MACHINE
GUN
Refer to Figure 2-30 for mounting and removing MWTS on M240
machine gun.
WARNING
CAUTIONS
The TWS must be mounted in a slot (T4 through T12 only)
provided the Rail Grabber does not overhang the rail.
a. Ensure iron sight is completely down.
b. Install MWTS (1) on M240 Machine Gun (2).
CCW.
2. Select a slot (T4 through T12 only) on Rail (5) for mounting.
c. Remove MWTS (1) from M240 Machine Gun (2).
CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove MWTS (1) from rail (5).
heard.

2-83
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-
3

Figure 2-30 MWTS Mounting on M240 Machine Gun

2-84

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-
3

2-3.2.6 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF HWTS AND M2 BRACKET ON
M2 HEAVY MACHINE GUN
M2 Bracket Controls and Indicators are illustrated in Figure 2-31 and
described in Table 2-19.

Figure 2-31 M2 Bracket
Table 2-19 M2 Bracket Controls & Indicators
NAME FUNCTION
Range Scale Indicates general range to target, NEAR (less than
1300 meters) or FAR (greater than 1300 meters).
Range Indicator Indicates which setting of range scale bracket is set.
Range Lever Adjusts bracket for near or far range.
Locking Knob Secures bracket at range setting.
Locking Cams Secures bracket to weapon.

2-85
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3

Refer to Figure 2-32 for mounting and removing HWTS on M2 heavy
machine gun.
WARNING
and removing bracket/TWS to and from weapon. A loaded
CAUTIONS
The TWS may be mounted in any slot provided the Rail
Grabber does not overhang the rail.
NOTES
When removing and reinstalling the M2 bracket from a
zeroed weapon, zero may not be retained. A field zero
should again be performed as soon as possible.
When reinstalling a zeroed HWTS on the same weapon,
install into the same slot used for zeroing. Failure to do so
may result in the HWTS no longer being zeroed to the
weapon.

2-86

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-
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a. Install M2 Bracket (1) on M2 Heavy Machine Gun (2).
1. Fold rear sight (3) forward to storage position.
2. Open and fully raise feed tray cover (16).
3. Release three locking cams (4 and 5) on bracket (1).
4. Place bracket (1) over breech (6) of M2 machine gun (2).
NOTE
If bracket sticks before reaching position, rock bracket up and
down while sliding.
5. Slide bracket (1) over ledge (7) of M2 machine gun (2) until
inside edge of bracket touches front edge of rear sight (8) base.
6. Swing side-locking cam (4) toward rear of M2 machine gun (2).
7. Simultaneously swing two top locking cams (5) towards rear of
M2 machine gun (2).
8. Close feed tray cover (16).
NOTE
Range scale indicates general range to a target. When in WFOV
the lever must be in NEAR since there are only aim points for the
NEAR position. When in NFOV, the lever can be in the NEAR or
FAR positions since there are aim points to support both
positions.
9. Loosen locking knob (9) and swing range lever (10) to NEAR
position. Hand tighten knob (9), by turning CW.
b. Install HWTS (11) on Rail (14).
turning CCW.
2. Select slot on Rail (14) for mounting.
forward, hand tighten torque-limiting knob (12) on Rail Grabber
(13), by turning CW until two clicks are heard.

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c. Remove HWTS (11) from Rail 14).
turning CCW.
2. Close Lens Cap and remove HWTS (11) from rail (14).
heard.
d. Remove M2 Bracket (1) from M2 Heavy Machine Gun (2).
1. Open and fully raise feed tray cover (16).
2. Release two top locking cams (5).
3. Release side locking cam (4).
4. Slide bracket (1) off of M2 machine gun (2).
5. Close feed tray cover.

2-88

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-
3

Figure 2-32 HWTS Mounting on M2 Heavy Machine Gun

2-89
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3

2-3.2.7 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF HWTS AND MK19 BRACKET ON
MK19 GRENADE MACHINE GUN
MK19 Bracket Controls and Indicators are illustrated in Figure 2-33 and
described in Table 2-20.

Figure 2-33 MK19 Bracket
Table 2-20 MK19 Bracket Controls & Indicators
NAME FUNCTION
Range Scales Indicates estimated distance to target in meters.
Range Indicators Indicates which value of range scale MK19 bracket is set.
Locking Knob Secures MK19 bracket at range setting.

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Refer to Figure 2-34 for mounting/removing HWTS on MK19.
WARNING
and removing bracket/TWS to and from weapon. A loaded
CAUTIONS
The TWS may be mounted in any slot provided the Rail
Grabber does not overhang the rail.
NOTE
When reinstalling a zeroed HWTS on the same weapon, install
into the same slot used for zeroing. Failure to do so may result
in the HWTS no longer being zeroed to the weapon.
a. Install MK19 Bracket (1) on MK19 Grenade Machine Gun (2).
1. Loosen locking knob (3) by turning CCW. Push in locking knob
and raise arm (4) to uppermost position (2057 meters).
2. Hand tighten locking knob (3), by turning CW.
3. Pull out locking pin (6) and slide MK19 bracket (1) onto mount
(5) until locking pin engages in hole (7) of mount.
4. Ensure locking pin (6) is engaged.
b. Install HWTS (8) on Rail (1).
forward, hand tighten torque-limiting knob (9) on Rail Grabber,
by turning CW until two clicks are heard.
5. Loosen locking knob (3) by turning CCW. Push in locking knob
and lower arm (4) to desired range setting.

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c. Remove HWTS (8) from Rail (11).
1. Loosen locking knob (3) by turning CCW.
2. Push in locking knob (3) and raise arm (4) to uppermost
position (2057 meters).
heard.
d. Remove MK19 Bracket (1) from MK19 Grenade Machine Gun (2)
by pulling on locking pin (6) and sliding bracket (1) off of mount
(5).

2-92

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-
3

Figure 2-34 HWTS Mounting on MK19 Grenade Machine Gun

2-93
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2-3.2.8 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF HWTS ON M24 SNIPER RIFLE
Refer to Figure 2-35 for mounting and removing HWTS on M24 Sniper
Rifle.
TOOLS: Socket, 3/8 in. drive, 1/2 in.
Wrench, Combination ! in.
Torque Wrench, T- Handle
WARNING
CAUTION
causing it to drop.
a. Verify M24 Mount Assembly (1), has been installed on the HWTS
(2) by the Service Maintainer.
b. Install HWTS (2) on M24 Sniper Rifle (3).
1. Loosen two nuts (4) on Mount Assembly (1) by turning CCW.
2. Select either pair of slots (5) on rail (6) for mounting HWTS (2).
3. Place bars (7) of Mount Assembly (1) in slots (5) of rail (6), and
while pushing TWS forward, hand tighten two nuts (4), by
turning CW. Tighten two nuts with T-Handle Torque Wrench
and !-in. Socket.
c. Remove HWTS (2) from M24 Sniper Rifle (3).
1. Loosen two nuts (4) on Mount Assembly (1) by turning CCW
with !-in. combination wrench.
3. Hand Tighten two nuts (4) on Mount Assembly (1) by turning
CW.

2-94

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-
3

Figure 2-35 HWTS Mounting on M24 Sniper Rifle

2-95
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3

2-3.2.9 MOUNTING/REMOVAL OF HWTS ON M107 SNIPER RIFLE
Refer to Figure 2-36 for mounting and removing HWTS on M107
Sniper Rifle.
WARNING
CAUTIONS
The TWS may be mounted in any slot provided it does not
interfere with the rear sight operation or overhang the rail.
a. Install HWTS (1) on M107 Sniper Rifle (2).
CCW.
3. Place bar (6) of Rail Grabber (4) in slot of Rail (5). Ensure TWS
hand tighten torque-limiting knob (3) on Rail Grabber (4), by
b. Remove HWTS (1) from M107 Sniper Rifle (2).
CCW.
heard.

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3

Figure 2-36 HWTS Mounting on M107 Sniper Rifle

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3

2-3.3 OPERATION
CAUTION
Do not attempt to view the Sun with the TWS. The TWS may be
permanently damaged.
2-3.3.1 TURN-ON AND INITIAL ADJUSTMENTS
NOTES
The TWS begins a warm-up period when step (a) is
performed. The period will not exceed 2 minutes.
During the warm-up period, the startup screen is displayed
(see Figure 2-2a).
The Operator should occasionally check the display for the
Battery Indicator and Low Battery Indicator. Dying batteries
could cause the TWS to shut down without the user
knowing.
The TWS always powers up in the Auto 1 condition
(automatic gain/level using ROI 1).
The TWS always powers up with the display brightness set
to a default value.
The TWS always powers up in the WFOV.
The TWS always powers up with the last weapon (reticle)
selected and the last coordinate set for each reticle.
The TWS may require periodic, manual calibration to restore
optimal image quality. The calibration is initiated with a <3
second press and release of the ON/OFF button (there is a
20-second timeout between calibration events) or when the
system transitions from the STANDBY mode to ON.
The TWS may need to be re-calibrated more frequently in
the first 30 minutes after startup and during significant
ambient temperature changes.
a. Press >3 seconds then release the ON/OFF button (turns on TWS).
b. Press eye to the Eyecup (activates the Operate Sub-Mode).

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c. Adjust the Brightness control to optimize display for ambient light
conditions.
1. Press <2 seconds and release the MODE button to advance TWS
state to DISPLAY.
2. Deflect the FUNCTION switch up/down to select the optimum
display brightness level.
state to CONTRAST.
d. Adjust Diopter Ring on Eyepiece for best focus of display
symbology.
e. Open Objective Lens Cap.
f. Adjust Objective Focus Ring on Objective Lens for best image focus.
g. If necessary, momentarily press, then release the FUNCTION switch
center pushbutton to advance/select auto gain/level ROI (AUTO [1],
AUTO [2], AUTO [3]) for best image.
NOTE
If level and gain are manually adjusted and Standby mode is then
entered for >20 seconds, the TWS will return to the last AUTO
setting used when the eyecup is depressed.
h. Auto settings do not always provide optimum image, if necessary,
select/adjust manual gain/level condition for optimum image.
1. Deflect the FUNCTION switch left/right to select the optimum
manual level setting.
2. Deflect the FUNCTION switch up/down to select the optimum
manual gain (contrast) setting.
3. Repeat manual level and manual gain settings as required.
i. If necessary, momentarily press, then release the FUNCTION switch
center pushbutton to reset auto gain/level from a manual condition.
j. Press the ON/OFF button <3 seconds to calibrate the image. Press
the ON/OFF button <3 seconds again, within 20 seconds of initial
press, to toggle the image polarity (WHT HOT/BLK HOT) for the
polarity condition that provides the best image.
k. As required, momentarily press the FOV button to toggle between
WFOV/NFOV (changes FOV).

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l. Power-on default is a black reticle on WHT HOT image and white
reticle on a BLK HOT image. If required to improve contrast
between reticle aimpoint and target, a fixed reticle color may be
selected.
state to DISPLAY.
2. Deflect the FUNCTION switch left/right to select a fixed
black/white reticle respectively.
state to CONTRAST.
m. Repeat steps f through l as needed to accomplish mission.
n. Following operation, press >3 seconds then release the ON/OFF
button (turns off power).
o. Close Objective Lens Cap.
2-3.3.2 BORESIGHT, ZERO & SIGHT ALIGNMENT
NOTE
Refer to Operators Manual for AN/PEM-1 Laser Borelight System
(LBS-300) for laser Boresighting procedures.
The TWS must be zeroed or sight aligned with the host weapon before
being mission capable. The TWS may be boresighted prior to zeroing.
For zeroing at 25 meters, a thermal zeroing target must be prepared per
2-3.3.2.1.
2-3.3.2.1 THERMAL ZEROING TARGET PREPARATION
Supplies:
Box, Shipping (Appendix D Item 4)
Tape, Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (Appendix D
Item 5)
Target, M16, 25m Zeroing (Appendix D Item 6)

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a. Modify a M16A2 25m zeroing target, using only the M16A2 side of
the target.
1. Cut a square hole, 4 squares wide by 4 squares high, (as shown
in Figure 2-37) in a M16A2 25m zeroing target.
2. Cut out a rectangle from corrugated cardboard box, the same
size as the M16A2 25m zeroing target (22 X 28 cm. or 8.5 X 11
in.).
3. Estimate 2.5 cm. (1 in.) in from each side of corrugated
cardboard rectangle, and cut out a rectangular hole as shown in
Figure 2-38.
4. Tape corrugated cardboard frame to back of modified M16A2
25m zeroing target. Ensure that tape does not obstruct the
airflow through the corrugation of the cardboard.
b. Affix thermal blanket to a standard E-type silhouette, and then affix
target to the thermal blanket. Only tape corners (see Figure 2-39).
c. A 4x4 square block should be centered and marked around the
desired point of impact (see figure 2-40) per table 2-21, except for
the M249 which shall use a 6x6 square block.

2-101
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3

Figure 2-37. Square Hole Cut in a M16A2 25m Zeroing Target

Figure 2-38 Corrugated Cardboard Frame

2-102

2
-
3

Figure 2-39 Thermalized E-Type Silhouette with
Modified M16A2 25m Zeroing Target

2-103
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Table 2-21 Zero Offsets
10M LBS/25M BATTLEFIELD ZERO OFFSETS (CM (MOA))
1

LWTS MWTS HWTS
WEAPON
ZERO
RANGE(M)
10M 25M 10M 25M 10M 25M
M4/
M16A4 300
8.5
(29.2)
5.1
(7.0)
9.3
(31.2)
5.9
(8.1)
9.3
(31.2)
5.9
(8.1)
M16A1/
M16A2 300
12.6
(43.3)
9.4
(12.9)
14.4
(49.5)
11.2
(15.4)
14.4
(49.5)
11.2
(15.4)
M249
(Long)
400

11.9
(40.9)
6
(8.3)
M240
500

9.2
(31.6)
2.2
(3.0)
M2
2

500

19.0
(65.3)
14.7
(20.2)
M24
100

11.4
(39.2)
10.7
(14.7)
M107
100
N/A
11.1
(15.3)
MK19
3
500
4

SHOT GROUP MOVEMENT PER CLICK
5
(CM)(MOA)
LWTS MWTS HWTS
10m LBS 0.24 (0.83) 0.19 (0.64) 0.09 (0.32)
25m Zero 0.60 (0.83) 0.47 (0.64) 0.23 (0.32)
1) Positive value indicates LBS Spot/shot group zone below aim point.
2) Zero with M2 Bracket set to NEAR position.
3) Zero with MK19 Bracket set to 500m.
4) 10m Laser Boresight desired aim point is 17.4cm right and 19.8cm below LBS spot.
5) In the WFOV the reticle position increments in steps of two (2) for the LWTS and 3
for the MWTS and HWTS.

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2-3.3.2.2 ZEROING AND SIGHT ALIGNMENT
Paragraph 2-3.3.2.2.1 provides instructions for 25m zeroing of the TWS
to the host weapon. This procedure is applicable to all weapons except
the AT4 and MK19. Paragraph 2-3.3.2.2.2 provides instructions for
zeroing at a known distance for all weapons except the AT4. Paragraph
2-3.3.2.2.3 provides instructions for sight aligning the TWS to the AT4.
WARNINGS
Windage and elevation coordinates may be inadvertently
disturbed if the TWS is left in ZERO Mode following alignment.
Never remove batteries without first turning the TWS OFF.
Windage and elevation coordinates may not be saved if the
batteries are removed following alignment but prior to turning
the TWS OFF.
NOTES
The TWS may be zeroed in either WFOV/NFOV. However,
zeroing in NFOV is recommended (for reticles with NFOV
aimpoints) whenever possible to provide greater zeroing
resolution/accuracy.
In the WFOV the reticle position increments in steps of two (2)
for the LWTS and three (3) for the MWTS and HWTS.
Do not reset the windage and elevation coordinates to 000R,
000U if the TWS/weapon combination was previously laser
boresighted.
When removing or reinstalling a TWS onto the same weapon,
install in the same slot otherwise boresighting/zeroing/sight-
alignment may be lost.
The zeroing aim point is the aim point located between the
zeroing aim lines (longest horizontal reticle elements).
Windage and elevation coordinates indicate direction of shot
group movement on the target. The reticle will move in the
opposite direction on the display.
Windage and elevation coordinates are stored separately for
each weapon specific reticle.
Windage and elevation coordinates will be retained through
TWS reboots (auto or manual) and auto shut-downs.

2-105
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2-3.3.2.2.1 25m Battlefield Zeroing
NOTES
The point of aim will always be center of mass on the M16A2
25m zeroing target.
Offsets vary with weapon. See Table 2-21.
For shot group movement per click at 25 m, see Table 2-21.
25m shot group movement per click scales are provided on the
Quick Reference Card.
Set M2 Bracket range lever to NEAR and hand tighten locking
knob.
Actual displayed reticle scale and position may vary from that
illustrated herein, see 2-1.1.3.2.
a. Place modified M16A2 25m zeroing target, mounted on thermalized
E-type silhouette, at range of 25 meters.
b. Mount the TWS to host weapon per 2-3.2.
c. Place TWS in operation and make initial adjustments per 2-3.3.1.
d. Select NFOV (momentarily press then release FOV button).
e. Advance TWS mode to ZERO (Press >2 Seconds, then release the
MODE button to advance to EMER, repeat to advance to ZERO).
f. Select reticle appropriate for weapon used (in Reticle State,
momentarily press then release the FUNCTION switch center
pushbutton to advance reticle selection).
g. Set windage and elevation coordinates to 000R, 000U if the
TWS/weapon has not previously been laser boresighted (deflect
FUNCTION switch left/right, up/down, while in ZERO mode).
h. Assume a good supported firing position.
i. Aim center mass at 25m target, and fire three rounds to obtain shot
group. Locate center of shot group (see Figure 2-40).
j. Measure distance in windage and elevation from the center of shot
group to the desired point of impact using QRC scales or squares
method (see example and Figure 2-40).
1. If center of shot group is above the desired point of impact,
decrease the up (U) elevation setting or increase the down (D)

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elevation setting (deflect FUNCTION switch down, while in
ZERO mode).
2. If center of shot group is below the desired point of impact,
increase the up (U) elevation setting or decrease the down (D)
elevation setting (deflect FUNCTION switch up, while in ZERO
mode).
3. If center of shot group is left of the desired point of impact,
decrease the left (L) windage setting or increase the right (R)
windage setting (deflect FUNCTION switch right, while in
ZERO mode).
4. If center of shot group is right of the desired point of impact,
increase the left (L) windage setting or decrease the right (R)
windage setting (deflect FUNCTION switch left, while in ZERO
mode).
k. Retighten torque-limiting knob, by turning CW until two clicks are
heard.
l. Repeat steps h through k until:
All weapons except M249 - Five of six consecutive shots are
within 4x4 square block around desired point of impact.
M249 5 of 12 non-consecutive shots are within 6x6 square
block around desired point of impact.
m. Record windage and elevation coordinates and the rail slot used.
n. Set TWS to OFF, ON or EMER as appropriate.
Example (refer to Figure 2-40)
After firing an M4 with an LWTS, the center of shot group is to the right
of the desired point of impact:
Squares Method: 6squares x 0.9cm/square = 5.4cm, 5.4cm/0.6cm per
LWTS NFOV click = 9clicks
QRC Scales Method: LWTS scale (9 NFOV/4-5 WFOV clicks
and above the desired point of impact:
Squares Method: 2squares x 0.9cm/square = 1.8cm, 1.8cm/0.6cm per
LWTS NFOV click = 3clicks
QRC Scales Method: LWTS Scale (3 NFOV/1-2 WFOV clicks

2-107
2
-
3

In NFOV, adjust the windage indicator 9 clicks to the left. The windage
indicator will now read 009L. In NFOV, adjust the elevation indicator 3
clicks down. The elevation indicator will now read 003D).

Figure 2-40 M16A2 25m Zeroing Target

2-108

2
-
3

2-3.3.2.2.2 Zeroing at a Known Distance (KD)
WARNING
Remove eye from eyecup before firing MK19 machine gun. Recoil
of MK19 machine gun may cause injury to personnel.
NOTES
For shot group movement per click at KD ranges, see Table 2-
23.
When reinstalling a zeroed TWS on the same weapon, install
into the same slot used for zeroing. Failure to do so may result
in the TWS no longer being zeroed to the weapon.
When reinstalling the M2 bracket from a zeroed weapon, zero
may not be retained. A field zero should again be performed as
soon as possible.
Actual displayed reticle scale and position may vary from that
illustrated herein, see 2-1.1.3.2.
a. Select a target at a known distance per Table 2-22.
b. Mount the TWS to host weapon per 2-3.2.
c. Place TWS in operation and make initial adjustments per 2-3.3.1.
d. Select NFOV (momentarily press then release FOV button).
e. Advance TWS mode to ZERO (Press >2 Seconds, then release, twice, the
MODE button).
f. Select reticle appropriate for weapon being used (Press <2 seconds, then
release the FUNCTION switch center pushbutton to advance reticle
selection).
g. Set the windage and elevation coordinates to 000R, 000U if the
TWS/weapon has not previously been laser boresighted (deflect
FUNCTION switch left/right, up/down, while in ZERO mode).
h. While viewing the target with the TWS, adjust focus, polarity and, as
required, ROI, gain and level for an optimum image of target.

2-109
2
-
3

NOTE
Step i applies to M2 machine gun only.
i. Set range lever on M2 bracket to NEAR position and hand tighten locking
knob.
NOTE
Step j applies to MK19 machine gun only.
j. Set 500 meter range on MK19 bracket.
k. Assume a good supported firing position.
l. Fire three rounds at center mass of known distance target using the aim
point applicable to that range. Observe impact or trace of rounds.
m. Retighten torque-limiting knob, by turning CW until two (2) clicks are
heard.
n. Adjust reticle to move center of shot group to center mass of target.
1. Measure distance in windage and elevation from the center of shot
group to the center mass of target.
2. If center of shot group is above the desired point of impact, decrease
the up (U) elevation setting or increase the down (D) elevation setting
(deflect FUNCTION switch down, while in ZERO mode).
3. If center of shot group is below the desired point of impact, increase
the up (U) elevation setting or decrease the down (D) elevation setting
(deflect FUNCTION switch up, while in ZERO mode).
4. If center of shot group is left of the desired point of impact, decrease
the left (L) windage setting or increase the right (R) windage setting
(deflect FUNCTION switch right, while in ZERO mode).
5. If center of shot group is right of the desired point of impact, increase
the left (L) windage setting or decrease the right (R) windage setting
(deflect FUNCTION switch left, while in ZERO mode).
o. Repeat steps k - l until shot group is on target.
p. Record windage and elevation coordinates and rail slot used.
q. Set TWS to OFF, ON or EMER as appropriate.

2-110

2
-
3

Table 2-22 KD Zeroing Ranges By Weapon
Range (m)
Weapon Variant 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
LWTS
!

MWTS
!

M4/M16
Series
HWTS
!
" "

M249 MWTS
"

!

"

"

"
M240 MWTS
"

!

"

"

M2 HWTS
!

"

"
MK19 HWTS
" " " "
!
" " " " "
M24 HWTS
!

" " " " " " " "
M107 HWTS
!

" " " " " "
" Aim Point
! Zeroing Range
Table 2-23 Known Distance (KD) Shot Group Movement Per Click
SHOT GROUP MOVEMENT PER CLICK (CM @ KD (MOA))
RANGE (M) LWTS MWTS HWTS
200 4.8 (0.83) 3.7 (0.64) 1.8 (0.32)
300 7.2 (0.83) 5.6 (0.64) 2.8 (0.32)
400 9.7 (0.83) 7.5 (0.64) 3.7 (0.32)
500 12.1 (0.83) 9.3 (0.64) 4.6 (0.32)
600 14.5 (0.83) 11.2 (0.64) 5.5 (0.32)
700 16.9 (0.83) 13.0 (0.64) 6.4 (0.32)
800 19.3 (0.83) 14.9 (0.64) 7.3 (0.32)
900 21.7 (0.83) 16.8 (0.64) 8.3 (0.32)
1000 24.1 (0.83) 18.6 (0.64) 9.2 (0.32)
1) In the WFOV, the reticle position increments in steps of two (2) for the LWTS
and three (3) for the MWTS and HWTS.

2-111
2
-
3

2-3.3.2.2.3 Sight-Alignment of the M136 (AT4)
WARNING
Ensure safeties are in place before sight-aligning weapon.
Weapon may accidentally discharge, causing injury or death.
a. Mount the TWS to AT4 per 2-3.2.3.
b. Place AT4 with TWS in a stable firing position.
c. Open front and rear sights of AT4, and adjust for 200-meter range.
d. Place TWS in operation and make initial adjustments per 2-3.3.1.
e. Select NFOV (momentarily press then release FOV button).
f. Advance TWS mode to ZERO (Press >2 Seconds, then release, twice, the
MODE button).
g. Select M136 reticle (Press <2 seconds, then release the FUNCTION switch
center pushbutton to advance reticle selection).
h. While viewing the target with the TWS, adjust focus, polarity and, as
required, ROI, gain and level for an optimum image of target.
i. Repeat the following until the AT4 sight and TWS reticle are both aligned
with center mass of target.
1. Select a target at 200 meters, and adjust position of AT4 so the day
sight is aligned with center mass of target with the AT4 in a
supported/stable position.
2. Without moving the AT4, adjust the TWS zeroing aim point
(indicated by zeroing aim line) of reticle with center mass of target
(deflect FUNCTION switch left/right, up/down, while in ZERO
mode).
3. Without moving the AT4, check AT4 sights to ensure that the AT4 is
still aligned with center mass of target.
j. Record windage and elevation coordinates and rail slot used.
k. Set TWS to OFF, ON, or EMER as appropriate.

2-112

2
-
3

2-3.4 PREPARATION FOR STORAGE & SHIPMENT
2-3.4.1 REMOVAL OF TWS FROM WEAPON
Turn OFF (press >3 seconds and release ON/OFF button) TWS and
remove TWS from host weapon per 2-3.2.
2-3.4.2 REMOVAL OF BATTERIES AND BATTERY CASSETTE
a. Remove Battery Cassette from TWS and batteries from both Battery
Cassettes per 2-3.1.4.
b. Reinstall one (empty) Battery Cassette in the TWS.
c. Put one (empty) Battery Cassette in the Cassette Case.
2-3.4.3 PACKING THE CARRYING CASE
WARNING
Do not store batteries in TWS. Heat generated from the system
in transit case may cause TWS to become hot.
NOTES
TWS should be installed in Carrying Case for Operator level
transport (when not mounted to host weapon) and when
packed in the Transit Case.
TWS and accessories remain in carrying case when placed in
transit/storage case.
a. Refer to Figure 2-20 for stowage locations/orientations of items within
Carrying Case.
b. Unzip Carrying Case side cover (1B).
CAUTIONS
Do not store batteries in TWS or in a location above 140F.
Avoid storing TWS at high temperatures for extended periods
of time, the life of the TWS will be shortened.
Ensure CLP and other foreign matter are removed from TWS
components before placing TWS in the carrying case.
Extended contact with CLP may damage components.
c. Place one Battery Cassette/Cassette Case (3) in Carrying Case (4).

2-113
2
-
3

d. Place Weapon Bracket (10) (if applicable), Quick Reference Card (6),
Operators Technical Manual (5), Lens Cleaning Pen (7), Lens Cleaning
Towelettes (8), and Anti-Fog Towelettes (9) in Carrying Case.
e. Zip Carrying Case side cover (1B) closed.
f. Tighten the Rail Grabber torque-limiting knob, by turning CW until two
clicks are heard or hand tighten two nuts on M24 Rail Grabber.
g. Ensure TWS Objective Lens Cap is closed.
h. Place TWS (2) in Carrying Case (1), Objective Lens down, with torque-
limiting knob facing the side cover.
i. Zip Carrying Case top cover (1A) closed.
2-3.4.4 PACKING THE TRANSIT/STORAGE CASE
CAUTION
Avoid storing TWS at high temperatures for extended periods of
time, the life of the TWS will be shortened.
a. Refer to Figure 2-19 for stowage of items within Transit Case.
b. Release latches (1) on Transit Case (2) and open cover (3).
c. Place one or two Carrying Case(s) (4) inside Transit Case oriented as
shown in the figure.
d. Close cover (3) on Transit Case (2) and secure latches (1).

2-114
SECTION 4 OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS
2-4.1 OPERATING IN INCLEMENT WEATHER/ENVIRONMENT
2-4.1.1 EXTREME COLD
WARNING
CAUTION
Only use the Anti-fog Towelette on the Eyepiece Lens. DO NOT
USE ANTI - FOG TOWELETTE ON THE OBJ ECTI VE LENS. The
anti-fog compound will degrade the IR transmission of the
Objective Lens and is very difficult to remove.
NOTES
Battery-life performance will degrade significantly under cold
temperatures. NiMH and alkaline batteries may not function
or may provide unacceptable battery life performance under
extreme cold conditions.
During cold temperatures while in non-use, loaded battery
cassettes should be kept close to the body to keep warm.
Batteries will last longer if batteries are warm.
Avoid exposing lenses to any source of moisture during cold
weather. Lens may fog up or frost over.
Use only L91 Batteries when operating at cold temperatures.
At extreme cold temperatures the COLD START indicator
may be displayed on the start-up screen indicating the TWS
may take longer to start up to allow the display to come up
to operating temperature.
The TWS can operate down to low temperatures of -46C (-51F). To
minimize fogging/frosting of lenses, perform the following procedures:
2-4.1.1.1 OBJECTIVE LENS
Clean Objective Lens per 3-2.3.
2-4.1.1.2 EYEPIECE LENS
a. Clean Eyepiece Lens per 3-2.3.
b. Apply antifogging compound to Eyepiece Lens only per 3-2.4.

2-115
2-4.1.2 EXTREME HEAT
CAUTIONS
Do not store batteries in TWS or in a location above 140F.
Avoid storing TWS at high temperatures for extended
periods of time, the life of the TWS will be shortened.
NOTE
A hot barrel or front sight post within the FOV will produce an out
of focus hot image the lower portion of the display that will
appear as an image non-uniformity or blooming. The hotter the
barrel/front sight post and the wider the FOV the more
pronounced the effect. Thus the effect will be more pronounced
with the LWTS and MWTS than with the HWTS, and will be more
pronounced in the WFOV than in the NFOV. Selecting AUTO 1 or
AUTO 2 conditions will minimize the impact on the balance of the
image. AUTO3 should be avoided if this condition exists.
The TWS can be operated up to a high temperature of 49 C (120 F).
2-4.1.3 RAIN, FOG, OR HUMIDITY
WARNING
Do not expose batteries to water. Batteries may short circuit
and/or flammable or noxious gas may be released that may
cause a fire or injury to personnel.
CAUTION
Only use the Anti-fog Towelette on the Eyepiece lens. DO NOT
NOTES
Avoid exposing lenses to any source of moisture during cold
weather. Lens may fog up or frost over.
Range performance will degrade as atmospheric moisture
content/precipitation increases.

2-116
In rainy, foggy or humid conditions, observe the following precautions:
a. To prevent fogging of lenses see 3-2.4.
b. Dry all parts thoroughly after exposure to moisture.
c. Keep Carrying Case closed except to remove or replace equipment.
d. Do not store TWS in a wet or damp Carrying Case.
2-4.1.4 SALT WATER
WARNING
In salt water areas, observe the following precautions:
a. After exposure to salt water, clean all components with fresh water.
b. Dry all parts thoroughly after removing all traces of salt water.
c. Do not store TWS in a wet or damp Carrying Case.
2-4.1.5 DUST OR SAND
Avoid operating TWS under these conditions, if possible. If operation is
necessary, observe the following precautions:
a. Avoid prolonged pointing of the TWS into wind blown dust and sand to
prevent pitting or scratching of the Objective Lens.
b. Cover as much of the TWS as possible to prevent damage to external
surfaces.
c. Keep Carrying Case closed except to remove or replace equipment.
d. Clean the Eyepiece and Objective Lenses as required (3-2.3).
2-4.1.6 MUD
After exposure to mud, clean TWS exterior (3-2.1) and lenses (3-2.3).

2-117
2-4.2 FORDING/SWIMMING
WARNING
CAUTION
The TWS is water resistant to 1m. Do not Immerse the TWS at
depths greater than 1m.
a. Before fording or swimming with the TWS, verify integrity of Battery
Compartment Seal and ensure Battery Cassette and Objective Lens Cap
are tightly secured. Ensure unused batteries are in sealed and
waterproofed Cassette Case.
b. After fording or swimming with the TWS, wipe exterior dry, clean
Eyepiece and Objective Lenses as required (3-2.3), and ensure Battery
Compartment is dry.

2-118

2-4.3 NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL (NBC)
DECONTAMINATION
WARNING
Unit deliberate decon SOP must be followed as the following
procedures do not provide total decontamination. Protective mask
and gloves should be worn when handling until total
decontamination is completed by the decon lab.
NOTE
The TWS may be used while wearing MOPP IV (Mission Oriented
Protective Posture) gear. Discard the entire carrying case if it is
contaminated.
2-4.3.1 CHEMICAL GROSS LIQUID DECONTAMINATION
a. Remove and discard contaminated Eyecup, Objective Lens Cap, Battery
Cassettes, Battery Compartment Seal, and I/O Cap before returning TWS
to next higher level of maintenance.
b. Decontaminate with M295 Decontamination Kit or by using a cloth and
stiff bristle plastic brush with 5-percent solution of sodium hypochlorite
and clean with a cloth dampened with soapy water, followed by fresh
clean water. Clean all external surfaces thoroughly. Pay special attention
to the difficult to reach areas (controls/buttons).
c. Dry all parts thoroughly.
d. Clean lenses per 3-2.3.
e. Using the M256 kit, verify successful decontamination or that chemical
contamination is still present. If decontamination was successful, go to
step h. If still contaminated, repeat steps b-d and then go to step f.
f. Retest for contamination using the M256 kit. If decontamination was
successful go to step h. If the sight is still contaminated, repeat steps b-d
and then go to step g.
g. Retest for contamination using the M256 kit. If decontamination was
successful go to step h. If the sight is still contaminated, dispose of the
sight per unit SOP.

2-119
h. Turn in TWS to next higher level of maintenance for 1) Eyecup,
Objective Lens Cap, and Battery Compartment Seal replacement, and 2)
decontamination of the lens assemblies with alcohol.
2-4.3.2 BIOLOGICAL DECONTAMINATION
Cassettes and Battery Compartment Seal before returning TWS to next
higher level of maintenance.
b. Use a cloth and stiff bristle plastic brush, dampened with High Test
Hypochlorite (HTH) or household bleach, to wash the system, followed
by a fresh clean water rinse.
d. Clean lens per 3-2.3
e. Tag TWS as contaminated prior to returning to next higher level of
maintenance.
f. Turn in TWS to next higher level of maintenance for 1) Eyecup,
2-4.3.3 NUCLEAR DECONTAMINATION
Cassettes and Battery Compartment Seal before returning TWS to next
higher level of maintenance.
b. Remove contaminates from TWS with a vacuum or brush, and rinse in
soapy water, followed by fresh, clean water.
d. Clean lenses per 3-2.3.
e. Tag TWS as contaminated prior to returning to next higher level of
maintenance.
f. Turn in TWS to next higher level of maintenance for 1) Eyecup,

2-120
2-4.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
WARNING
The TWS is not light secure in Emergency mode. Use Emergency
mode only if circumstances do not require light discipline.
NOTES
Display will be forced on regardless of Eyecup position while
in Emergency mode.
EMER indicator will be displayed while in the Emergency
mode.
When in emergency mode, the system can only be
calibrated by using the Polarity button.
Battery life will be reduced in the Emergency mode.
If an emergency situation exists where Operator cannot activate the
TWS due to a missing or damaged Eyecup or faulty Standby Override
Switch, and circumstances do not require light discipline, place TWS
in EMER mode. Remove TWS from EMER mode as soon as conditions
permit.
a. Place TWS in operation per 2-3.3.
b. Set the TWS to the EMER mode (press >2 seconds and release the
MODE button to advance the TWS to the EMER Mode).
c. To optimize the thermal scene, initiate a calibration by pressing <3
seconds, then releasing the ON/OFF button (system will not permit
calibration again for 20 seconds).
d. When circumstances permit forward TWS to next higher level of
maintenance.

3-1
CHAPTER 3
OPERATOR MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION 1 OPERATOR!S TROUBLESHOOTING
PROCEDURES
3-1.1 TROUBLESHOOTING TABLE
This table lists the common malfunctions that may occur with the TWS.
Perform the tests, inspections, and corrective actions in the order they
appear in the Troubleshooting Table (Table 3-1).
Table 3-1 does not list all the malfunctions that may occur, all the tests
and inspections needed to find the fault, or all the corrective actions
needed to correct the fault. If the equipment malfunction is not listed or
the actions listed do not correct the fault, forward the entire system
(include all items in Appendix B), to next higher level of maintenance.
3
-
1

3-2
Table 3-1 Operator Troubleshooting Procedures
MALFUNCTION TEST OR INSPECTION CORRECTIVE ACTION
a. Inspect battery contacts for
corrosion.
a. Clean per 3-2.5. 1 TWS DOES
NOT TURN
ON b. Ensure new L91 batteries are
installed correctly and turn
TWS ON (Press >3 seconds
and release ON/OFF button).
Engage Eyecup and verify
display is on (start-up screen
or image and/or symbology is
visible).
b. Return to next higher
a. Check Battery Indicator for
flashing.
a. If flashing, replace with
serviceable batteries per
2-3.1.4.
b. Inspect battery contacts for
corrosion.
b. Clean contacts per 3-
2.5.
2 LOW POWER
c. c. Return to next higher
a. Check that Lens Cap is open. a. Open Lens Cap.
b. Eyecup must be present and
properly installed.
b. Ensure Eyecup is
present and properly
installed per 3-2.2.
c. Check Brightness setting. c. Select the Display State
(Press <2 seconds and
release MODE Switch).
Adjust Brightness
function (deflect
FUNCTION switch
up/down) to optimize
image.
d. Check Gain and Level
settings.
d. Activate Auto
Reset/ROI Select
(momentarily center
press FUNCTION
switch to optimize
image.
3 THERMAL
SCENE NOT
VISIBLE
e. e. Return to next higher

3
-
1

3-3
NOTE
Scene objects closer than 4m (LWTS/MWTS) or
8m(HWTS) cannot be focused.
a. Ensure Eyepiece is focused.

(a) With Lens Cap closed,
adjust Diopter Ring
until symbology is
focused.
b. Ensure Objective Lens is
focused.
(b) With Lens Cap open,
adjust Objective Focus
Ring until image is
focused.
c. Check Objective and Eyepiece
Lenses for dirt or
condensation.
(c) Clean dirty or fogged
lenses per 3-2.3.
d. Check Objective and Eyepiece
Lenses for cracks or chips.
(d) If lens is cracked or
chipped, return to
higher level of
maintenance.
4 THERMAL
SCENE
BLURRY OR
DISTORTED
(e) Return to next higher
NOTE
The image may exhibit a momentary (<1
second) disruption during firing.
5 IMAGE NOISE
OR BREAKUP
DURING
WEAPONS
FIRE
Check that image has settled
after firing is complete.
If problem persists longer
than 1 second after firing
event has completed,
return to next higher level
of maintenance.
6 THERMAL
SCENE
DEGRADES
Perform a manual calibration
(momentarily press, then release
the ON/OFF Button).
If problem persists, return
to next higher level of
maintenance.
7 TEMP/
REBOOT
INDICATOR
Check for flashing
TEMP/REBOOT indicator.
If problem persists
following reboot, return to
next higher level of
maintenance.

3
-
1

3-4
8 TWS WILL
NOT MOUNT
ON WEAPON
Inspect TWS mount, bracket,
and weapon rail for damage.
If mount, bracket, or rail
is damaged, return to
next higher level of
maintenance.
a. Inspect security of Weapon
Bracket to Weapon.
a. Tighten Weapon
Bracket.
b. Inspect security of Rail
Grabber to Weapon/Weapon
Bracket.
b. Tighten Rail
Grabber.
9 EXCESSIVE
BORESIGHT
RETENTION
ERROR
c. Inspect security of Rail
Grabber to TWS.
c. Return to next
higher level of
maintenance
10

TWS DOES
NOT
FUNCTION
PROPERLY
WITH
EXTERNAL
DEVICE
Disconnect, then reconnect and
power-up TWS and External
Device per External Device
instructions. For video output
ensure TWS is in EMER.
If problems persists, send
TWS, External Device, and
interconnect cable to next
higher level of
maintenance.

3
-
1

3-5
SECTION 2 OPERATOR MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
3-2.1 EXTERIOR CLEANING
SUPPLIES:
Lens Cleaning Towelette (Appendix D Item 2)
Cloth, Cleaning (Appendix D Item 7)
Brush, (Appendix D Item 8)
WARNING
Isopropyl Alcohol vapors are harmful. Avoid prolonged or
repeated breathing of vapors or solvent contact with skin. Use
only with adequate ventilation. Isopropyl Alcohol is flammable
and should not be used near open flame. In the event of
ingestion seek medical assistance.
CAUTIONS
Ensure CLP and other foreign matter are removed from TWS
components before placing TWS in the carrying case.
Extended contact with CLP may damage components.
Do not use the Lens Cleaning Pen for cleaning anything but
the lenses. Brush/felt pad may become contaminated and
scratch lenses.
a. Ensure Objective Lens Cap is closed and Battery Cassette, Eyecup
and I/O Cap/Lanyard are installed and secure.
b. Remove dirt or foreign matter from control and latch recesses.
c. Wipe TWS with a Cleaning Cloth lightly dampened with clean, fresh
water, to remove dust, dirt, grease, or other foreign matter. Use Lens
Cleaning Towelettes to remove stubborn contaminants.
d. Remove caked mud/debris by rinsing exterior surfaces with clean,
low pressure, running, fresh water. If required, allow the mud to
soak and soften. Wipe dry.

3
-
2

3-6
3-2.2 EYECUP REMOVAL/REINSTALLATION
NOTE
Eyecup removal/reinstallation procedures are provided to
facilitate cleaning of the Eyepiece lens at the Operator level.
Repairs requiring replacement of the Eyecup are next higher level
of maintenance actions.
Refer to Figures 3-1a thru g.
3-2.2.1 REMOVAL
Remove Eyecup (1) from Eyepiece (2).
a. As illustrated in Figures 3-1a and b, rotate Retaining Ring (3) CW to
loosen until it disengages from the Flange (4) or contacts the Diopter
Ring (5). When loosened, the Retaining Ring should completely
clear the Eyecup lip (1a).
b. As illustrated in Figures 3-1b and c, grasp the Eyecup (1) anywhere
along the circumference of point (1b) and pull out and back to peel
the Eyecup (1) from the Flange (4).
3-2.2.2 REINSTALLATION
Reinstall Eyecup (1) to Eyepiece (2).
a. As illustrated in Figure 3-1d, inspect the Eyecup (1) for presence of
both Magnets (6). If missing, continue reinstallation and return the
TWS to next higher level of maintenance.
b. As illustrated in Figures 3-1d, inspect Eyepiece Lens (7) and clean as
required per 3-2.3. If the lens is cracked or internal condensation is
present, continue reinstallation and return the TWS to next higher
c. As illustrated in Figures 3-1e and f, orient the Eyecup (1) so the
wrap-around (1c) will be positioned on the outside of the Operators
face (on the right for right-eyed, and on the left for left-eyed
Operators), and so the Eyecup keying tabs (1d) align with the Flange
keying slots (4a). Manipulate the Eyecup Lip (1a) into the Flange

3
-
2

3-7
groove (4b) until fully seated around the entire circumference with
Eyecup keying tabs seated in the Flange keying slots.
d. As illustrated in Figures 3-1a and 3-1g, rotate Retaining Ring (3) to
tighten until it is fully seated against the Eyecup (1). When
tightened, the Retaining Ring should completely cover the Eyecup lip
(1a).
e. Inspect the assembly to ensure that:
As illustrated in Figure 3-1g:
The wrap-around (1c) is positioned on the outside of the
Operators face (on the right for right-eyed, and on the left for left-
eyed Operators) and vent holes (1e) are positioned at the 6 and 12
oclock positions.
The Retaining Ring (3) is fully seated over the Eyecup lip (1a).
f. Verify Eyecup is functioning properly per PMCS Table 2-17 step 9.
3
-
2

3-8

Figure 3-1a Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

Figure 3-1b Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

Figure 3-1c Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

Figure 3-1d Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

3
-
2

3-9

Figure 3-1e Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

Figure 3-1f Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

Figure 3-1g Eyecup Removal/Reinstallation

3
-
2

3-10
3-2.3 LENS CLEANING
SUPPLIES:
Lens Cleaner Pen (Appendix D-2 Item 1)
Lens Cleaning Towelettes (Appendix D-2 Item 2)
CAUTIONS
Clean Lenses only when required. Excessive cleaning may
damage lens surfaces degrading TWS performance.
Use of unauthorized cleaning materials or techniques may
damage lens surfaces degrading TWS performance.
Avoid excessive pressure when wiping lens. Foreign matter on
lens may scratch lens when wiped off.
scratch lenses.
Do not wipe, chip or rub mud off lens. Lens surface may be
damaged degrading TWS performance.
NOTE
This procedure applies to both the Objective and Eyepiece
Lenses.
a. Open Objective Lens Cap or remove Eyecup as applicable.
b. Inspect lens surfaces. If lens surfaces are clean, stop - do not perform
this procedure. If lens surfaces have caked mud or debris proceed to
step c, else proceed to step d. For removing light fingerprints only,
skip to step i.
c. Ensure Battery Cassette is installed and secure. Rinse lens surfaces
with clean, low pressure, running, fresh water. Allow the water to
remove the mud. If required, allow the mud to soak and soften.
Allow lens to air dry.
d. Remove Lens Cleaner Pen and Lens Cleaning Towelettes from
Carrying Case.
e. Gently blow off excessive sand and dust from lens surface.

3
-
2

3-11
f. Extend Lens Cleaner Pen brush and gently brush lens surface to
remove loose particles, if present.
WARNING
NOTE
Using too fast a wiping motion will result in puddling of the Lens
Cleaning Towelettes alcohol which will leave spots when it
evaporates.
g. Using Lens Cleaning Towelette, with very light pressure, slowly drag
the folded Lens Cleaning Towelette across lens surface in a circular
motion. Speed of motion should be such that the alcohol evaporates
immediately behind the Lens Cleaning Towelette and does not
puddle.
h. As required, repeat step g, with a clean surface of the Lens Cleaning
Towelette.
i. To remove light fingerprints from lens surfaces, remove cap from
Lens Cleaner Pen and with light and gentle pressure, rub the felt tip
over the affected area of the lens.
j. Close Objective Lens Cap or reinstall the Eyecup as applicable.

3
-
2

3-12
3-2.4 ANTI-FOG COMPOUND APPLICATION
SUPPLIES:
Towelette, Anti-fogging (Appendix D Item 3)
CAUTION
Only use the Anti-fog Towelette on the Eyepiece lens. DO NOT
NOTES
The Anti-fog Towelette is reusable. Following application,
seal it in its pouch and retain for future use.
Do not apply the Anti-fog compound to a dirty lens surface.
Anti-Fog compound effectiveness may be degraded by lens
cleaning actions subsequent to application.
a. Remove the Eyecup to access the Eyepiece Lens.
b. Inspect the lens surface and clean, as required per 3-2.3.
c. Remove the Anti-fog Towelette from the Carrying Case.
d. With very light pressure, slowly drag the folded Anti-fog Towelette
across lens surface in a circular motion. Streaking may occur if
excess compound is deposited on the lens surface.
e. Reseal the Anti-fog Towelette in its pouch and retain for future use.
f. Reinstall Eyecup per 3-2.2.

3
-
2

3-13
3-2.5 BATTERY COMPARTMENT, CASSETTE & CONTACT
CLEANING
SUPPLIES:
Lens Cleaning Towelettes, (Appendix D Item 7)
Brush, (Appendix D Item 8)
Eraser (Appendix D Item 9)
WARNING
CAUTIONS
Unnecessary rubbing of battery contacts with an eraser or
excessive pressure when rubbing may abrade corrosion
resistant platings increasing risk of future corrosion/reducing
contact life.
scratch lenses.
a. Remove Battery Cassette from Battery Compartment per 2-3.1.4.
b. Remove batteries from Battery Cassette per 2-3.1.4.1.
c. Wipe Battery Compartment and Battery Contacts to remove foreign
matter. Use Lens Cleaning Towelettes to remove stubborn
contaminants.
d. To remove corrosion deposits from battery contacts, rub gently with
an eraser. Brush/wipe resultant dust/debris from the
compartment/cassette/contacts.
e. Wipe Battery Cassette to remove dirt, grease, or other foreign matter.
f. Install batteries and Battery Cassette per 2-3.1.4.
3-2.6 TEST & INSPECTION
Test and Inspect the TWS in accordance with the PMCS Table 2-17.
3
-
2

3-13 (3-14 Blank)

3-14

A-1
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
A-1 SCOPE
This Appendix lists all forms, field manuals, technical manuals and
miscellaneous publications referenced in this manual.
A-2 FORMS
DA Form 2028 Recommended Changes to Publications and
Blank Forms
DA Form 5988-E Equipment Maintenance and Inspection
Worksheet
DA Form 5990-E Preventative Maintenance Schedule and
Record
DA PAM 750-8 The Army Maintenance Management System
(TAMMS) User Manual
SF 368 The Army Product Quality Deficiency Report
A-3 TECHNICAL MANUALS
TM 9-5860-226-13&P Operators Manual for AN/PEM-1 Laser
Borelight System (LBS-300)
TM 750-244-2 Procedures for Destruction of Electronic
Materiel to Prevent Enemy Use (Electronics
Command)
TM 4700-15/1 Ground Equipment Records Procedures

A-2
A-4 OTHER PUBLICATIONS
CTA 8-100 Army Medical Department Expendable/
Durable Items
CTA 50-970 Expendable/Durable Items
TB 43-0134 Battery Disposition/Disposal Handbook
FM 4-25.11 First Aid

B-1
APPENDIX B
COMPONENTS OF END ITEM (COEI) & BASIC ISSUE
ITEMS (BII)
B-1 INTRODUCTION
B-1.1 SCOPE
This appendix lists components of the end item and basic issue items for
the TWS to help you inventory the items for safe and efficient operation
of the equipment.
B-1.1.1 GENERAL
The Components of End Item and Basic Issue Items Lists are divided
into the following sections:
a. Section II, Components of End Item. This listing is for information
purposes only, and is not authority to requisition replacements.
These items are part of the TWS, but they are to be removed and
separately packaged for transportation or shipment. As part of the
end item, these items must be with the end item whenever it is
issued or transferred between property accounts. Illustrations are
furnished to help you find and identify the items.
b. Section III, Basic Issue Items. These essential items are required to
place the TWS in operation, operate it, and to do emergency repairs.
Although shipped separately packaged, BII must be with the TWS
during operation and when it is transferred between property
accounts. Listing these items is your authority to request/requisition
them for replacement based on authorization of the end item by the
TOE/MTOE. Illustrations are furnished to help you find and
identify the items.

B-2
B-1.1.2 EXPLANATION OF COLUMNS
Column (1), Illus Number. This column gives you the number of the
item illustrated.
Column (2), National Stock Number. This column identifies the
National Stock Number (NSN) of the item to be used for requisitioning
purposes.
Column (3), Description and Usable On Code. This column identifies
the Federal item name (in all capital letters) followed by a minimum
description when needed. The last line below the description is the
CAGE code (Commercial And Government Entity code) (in parenthesis)
and the part number. If the item you need is not the same for different
models of the equipment, a Usable On Code (UOC) will appear on the
right side of the description column on the same line as the part number.
These codes are identified below:
CODE USED ON
81N Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)1
81P Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)2
81Q Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)3
Column (4), U/I (Unit of Issue). This column indicates how the item is
issued for the NSN shown in column (2).
Column (5), Qty Rqd. This column indicates the quantity required.

B-3
B-2 COMPONENTS OF END ITEM

B-4
(1)
ILLUS
NO.
(2)
NATIONAL
STOCK NUMBER
(3)
DESCRIPTION (REF DES) USABLE ON
CAGE & PART NUMBER CODE
(4)

U/I
(5)
QTY
REC.
1 SIGHT,THERMAL 81N
(LIGHT WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT) (LWTS)
(81395) 21102336-102, or
(81395) 21102336-101
EA 1
2 SIGHT,THERMAL 81P
(MEDIUM WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT) (MWTS)
(81395) 21102337-102, or
(81395) 21102337-101
EA 1
3 SIGHT,THERMAL 81Q
(HEAVY WEAPON THERMAL SIGHT) (HWTS)
(81395) 21102338-102, or
(81395) 21102338-101
EA 1
4 1240-01-529-7373 CASE,OPTICAL INSTRUMENT 81N
(CARRYING CASE)
(81395) 8411043-1, or
(81395) 21102487-101
EA 1
5 1240-01-529-7508

CASE,OPTICAL INSTRUMENT 81P
(CARRYING CASE)
(81395) 8411043-2 or
(81395) 21102487-102
EA 1
6 1240-01-529-7733

CASE,OPTICAL INSTRUMENT 81Q
(CARRYING CASE)
(81395) 8411043-3 or
(81395) 21102487-103
EA 1
7 6160-01-529-3096 TRAY,BATTERY 81N
(BATTERY CASSETTE)
(81395) 8418730-2, or
(81395) 8418730-1, or
(81395) 8399636-1, or
EA 1*
8 6160-01-529-3942 TRAY,BATTERY 81P
(BATTERY CASSETTE) 81Q
(81395) 8418859-2, or
(81395) 8418859-1, or
(81395) 8399637-1, or
EA 1*
9 6160-01-529-6370 CASE,BATTERY ASSEMBLY 81N
(CASSETTE CASE)
(81395) 8401459-1
EA 1
10 6160-01-529-6447 CASE,BATTERY ASSEMBLY 81P
(CASSETTE CASE) 81Q
(81395) 8401460-1
EA 1
* 1 spare, plus one as part of each TWS

B-3 BASIC ISSUE ITEMS & COLLATERAL MATERIAL

1
(1)
ILLUS
NO.
(2)
NATIONAL
STOCK NUMBER
(3)
DESCRIPTION USABLE ON
CAGE & PART NUMBER CODE
(4)

U/I
(5)
QTY
REC.
1 TECHNICAL MANUAL, OPERATOR
SIGHT, THERMAL
(TM 11-5855-316-10)
EA 1
B-5 (B-6 Blank)

B-2

C-1
APPENDIX C
ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZED LIST (AAL)
C-1 INTRODUCTION
C-1.1 SCOPE
This appendix lists additional items you are authorized for the support of
the TWS.
C-1.1.1 GENERAL
This list identifies items that do not have to accompany the TWS and do
not have to be turned in with it. These items are all authorized to you by
CTA, MTOE, TDA, or J TA.
C-1.1.2 EXPLANATION OF LI STI NG
National stock numbers, descriptions, and quantities are provided to help
you identify and request the additional items you require to support this
equipment. The items are listed in alphabetical sequence by item name.
If the item you require differs between serial numbers of the same
model, effective serial numbers are shown in the last line of the
description. If item required differs for different models of this
equipment, the model is shown under the Usable on heading in the
description column. These codes are identified as:
Code Used On
81N Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)1
81P Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)2
81Q Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13C(V)3

C-2
C-2 ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZED ITEMS LIST
(1)
NATIONAL
STOCK NUMBER
(2)
DESCRIPTION USABLE ON
CAGE, & PART NUMBER CODE
(3)
U/I
(4)
QTY
REC.
6135-01-333-6101 BATTERY, NON RECHARGEABLE, 1.5V,
LIFES2, AA
(83740) L91
EA 4
6
6
BATTERY, RECHARGEABLE (AA)
Ni-MH, 1.2 VOLT, 2500 mAh
(EVERREADY ENERGIZER) NH-15-2500
OR EQUIVALENT (min. 2000 mAh)
EA 4
6
6
6135-00-985-7845 BATTERY, NON RECHARGEABLE
1.5V, ALKALINE, AA
(80204) ANSI C18.1M PART 1
EA 4
6
6
CHARGER, BATTERY
(ANSMANN ENERGY) AN-5407013
OR EQUIVALENT
EA 1
5340-01-536-6189

BRACKET, MOUNTING
(BRACKET ASSY, M2) 81Q
(80063) A3301507
EA 1
5340-01-502-7233 BRACKET, MOUNTING 81Q
(M2 SECONDARY RAIL)
(80063) A3170570
EA 1
5340-01-398-0086 BRACKET ASSY, M16A1/A2
(80063) A3170580
EA 1
5340-01-434-2231 BRACKET ASSY, MK19 81Q
(80063) A3260830
EA 1
5340-01-502-7235 ASSY, M24 MOUNT 81Q
(80063) A3170565
EA 1
SCREW, SCH CAP 81Q
(74445) 73038
EA 2
5340-01-391-3004 BRACKET ASSY, M136 81N
(80063) A3209601-1
EA 1
6760-01-491-2712
OR
8145-01-540-4463
TRANSIT CASE, THERMAL SIGHT
(65442) 1550NF-BLACK
(11214) IM2600-000000
EA 1
6130-01-557-1542 BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
(EXTERNAL POWER CONDITIONER)
(7Y943) 500300
EA 1
5855-01-556-7130 DISPLAY UNIT, HEAD-UP
(36TS8) 7007-1005
EA 1

D-1
APPENDIX D
EXPENDABLE AND DURABLE ITEMS LIST (EDIL)
D-1 INTRODUCTION
D-1.1 SCOPE
This appendix lists expendable and durable items that you will need to
operate and maintain the TWS. This listing is for information only and
is not authority to requisition the listed items. These items are
authorized to you by CTA 50-970, Expendable/Durable Items (except
medical, class V repair parts, and heraldic items), or CTA 8-100, Army
Medical Department Expendable/Durable Items.
D-1.1.1 EXPLANATION OF COLUMNS
Column 1, Item Number. This number is assigned to the entry in the
listing and is referenced in the narrative instructions to identify the item.
Column 2, Level. This column identifies the lowest level of
maintenance that requires the item.
C - Operator
Column 3, National Stock Number. This is the National Stock Number
(NSN) assigned to the item that you can use to requisition it.
Column 4, Item Name, Description, Commercial and Government Entity
(CAGE) Code, and Part Number. This provides the other information
you need to identify the item.
Column 5, Unit of Measure. This code shows the physical measurement
or count of an item, such as gallon, dozen, gross, etc.

D-2
D-2 EXPENDABLE AND DURABLE ITEMS LIST
(1)
Item
No.
(2)

Level
(3)
National
Stock Number
(4)
Item Name/Description
CAGE, Part Number
(5)

U/M
1 C 6650-01-495-1058 LENS CLEANER, PEN
(0SPF5) LP-99
EA
2 C 6850-01-448-9653 KIT,LENS CLEANING
(TOWELETTE, LENS CLEANING)
(09ZF6) 811
EA
3 C TOWELETTE, ANTI-FOGGING
(1W4L4) 82032CFE
EA
4 C 8115-00-290-5482 BOX, SHIPPING
(81346) ASTM-D5118
BD
5 C 7510-00-266-6712 TAPE, PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVE
(19203) 8783476
RO
6 C 6920-01-482-0098 TARGET, M16 25-METER ZEROING
(19200) 12988975
BX
7 C 7920-01-233-0483 CLOTH, CLEANING
(33591) KLEENUPS
BX
8 C 1005-00-494-6602 BRUSH,CLEANING,SMALL ARMS
(19204) 8448462
EA
9 C 7510-00-619-7714
or equivalent
ERASER
(58536) A-A-132
EA
10 C 6920-01-516-9912 TARGET,THERMAL
(TARGET, THERMAL, 115 VAC)
(4V009) 01-01-0101
EA
11 C HARNESS,TARGET
(HARNESS, TARGET, 115 VAC)
(4V009) 02-02-1501-1
EA
12 C TARGET,THERMAL
(TARGET, THERMAL, 12 VDC)
(4V009) 01-01-0101-LV-12
EA
13 C HARNESS,TARGET
(HARNESS, TARGET, 12 VDC)
(4V009) 02-02-1501-2
EA

E-1
APPENDIX E
QUICK REFERENCE CARD
NOTES
This appendix is provided to permit local reproduction/replacement
of the Quick Reference Card.
Must be reproduced at 100% size/scale to be accurate

E
-
8

E
-
3

E-8

E-5

E-8

E-7

E-8

DISTRIBUTION:

To be distributed in accordance with the initial distribution
number (IDN) 362366 requirements for TM 11-5855-316-10.

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
GEORGE W. CASEY, JR
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
1022301
JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
TM 11-5855-316-10

E-8

This information is furnished upon the condition that it will not be released to
another nation without the specific authority of the Department of the Army of the
United States, that it will be used for military purposes only, that individual or
corporate rights originating in the information, whether patented or not, will be
respected, that the recipient will report promptly to the United States, any known
or suspected compromise, and that the information will be provided substantially
the same degree of security afforded it by the Department of Defense of the
United States. Also, regardless of any other markings on the document, it will not
be downgraded or declassified without written approval of the original United
States agency.

PIN: 083352-000
*TM 11-5855-316-10

TM 11-5855-316-10 Sight, Thermal, Anpas 13c (V) 1, Anpas 13c (V) 2, Anpas 13c (V) 3 August 2010

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