Is the method of producing two or more genetically identical organisms
by asexual reproduction Only one parent cell, the DNA sequence of cloned organisms is exactly same as the parent cell Clones can happen naturally identical twins, animals that produce asexually such as bacteria and yeast However, for the purpose of this presentation, we refer to cloning as artificial cloning Timeline Humans have been cloning plants for at least a couple thousand years. Many of the fruits we eatincluding bananas, grapes, and applescome from artificially created clones. Unlike the complex process of cloning a mammal, cloning a plant can be as simple as cutting a branch from one tree and grafting it onto another. Animal cloning also has a long history. Artificial embryo twinning, which involves dividing an early embryo to form separate, genetically identical organisms, was first done in a vertebrate over 100 years ago. And the first successful nuclear transfer was done in a frog in the 1970s
1885 Sea urchin, using artificial embryo twinning Showed that each cell in an embryo has its complete set of genetic instructions 1902 Salamander, first vertebrate using artificial embryo twinning Showed that complex animals can be twinned but up to a certain stage in development 1928 Salamander Evidence to show that the cell nucleus controls embryonic developmeant 1952 Frog Evidence to show that cells early in development are better for cloning than in later stages