STOICHIOMETRY

What is stoichiometry?
Stoichiometry is the
quantitative study of
reactants and products in
a chemical reaction.
What You Should Expect
Given : Amount of reactants
Question: how much of products can be
formed.
Example
2 A + 2B 3C
Given 20.0 grams of A and sufficient B,
how many grams of C can be produced?
What do you need?
You will need to use
i. molar ratios,
ii. molar masses,
iii. balancing and interpreting equations, and
iv. conversions between grams and moles.

Note: This type of problem is often called "mass-mass."
Steps Involved in Solving Mass-Mass
Stoichiometry Problems
Balance the chemical equation correctly
Using the molar mass of the given substance,
convert the mass given to moles.
Construct a molar proportion (two molar
ratios set equal to each other)
Using the molar mass of the unknown
substance, convert the moles just calculated
to mass.
Mole Ratios
A mole ratio converts moles
of one compound in a
balanced chemical equation
into moles of another
compound.
Example
Reaction between magnesium and oxygen
to form magnesium oxide. ( fireworks)

2 Mg(s) + O2(g) 2 MgO(s)
Mole Ratios:
2 : 1 : 2
1) N
2
+ 3 H
2
---> 2 NH
3

Write the mole ratios for N
2
to H
2
and
NH
3
to H
2
.
2) A can of butane lighter fluid
contains 1.20 moles of butane
(C
4
H
10
). Calculate the number of
moles of carbon dioxide given off
when this butane is burned.
Practice Problems
Mole-Mole Problems
Using the practice question 2) above:
Equation of reaction
2C
4
H
10
+ 13O
2
8CO
2
+ 10H
2
O
Mole ratio
C
4
H
10
CO
2

1 : 4 [ bases]
1.2 : X [ problem]
By cross-multiplication, X = 4.8 mols of CO
2
given off

Mole-Mass Problems
Problem 1: 1.50 mol of
KClO
3
decomposes. How
many grams of O
2
will be
produced? [k = 39, Cl =
35.5, O = 16]
2 KClO
3
2 KCl + 3 O
2
Use mole ratio
Get the answer in moles and then
Convert to Mass. [Simple Arithmetic]

Hello!
If you are given a mass in the problem,
you will need to convert this to moles
first. Ok?
Lets go!
2 KClO
3
2 KCl + 3 O
2
2 : 3
1.50 : X
X = 2.25mol
Convert to mass
2.25 mol x 32.0 g/mol = 72.0 grams
Cool!
Try This:
We want to produce 2.75 mol of KCl. How many
grams of KClO
3
would be required?
Soln
KClO
3 :
KCl
2 : 2
X : 2.75
X = 2.75mol
In mass: 2.75mol X 122.55 g/mol
= 337 grams zooo zimple!
Mass-Mass Problems
There are four steps involved in solving
these problems:
Make sure you are working with a properly
balanced equation.
Convert grams of the substance given in the
problem to moles.
Construct two ratios - one from the
problem and one from the equation and set
them equal. Solve for "x," which is usually
found in the ratio from the problem.
Convert moles of the substance just solved
for into grams.
Just follow mass-
mass problem to
the penultimate
level

There are four steps involved in solving these
problems:
Make sure you are working with a properly
balanced equation.
Convert grams of the substance given in
the problem to moles.
Construct two ratios - one from the
problem and one from the equation and set
them equal. Solve for "x," which is usually
found in the ratio from the problem.
Convert moles of the substance just solved
for into Volume.

Conversion of mole to
volume

No of moles = Volume
Molar volume
Can you remember a similar equation?


Molar
The molar volume is the
volume occupied by one
mole of ideal gas at STP.
Its value is: 22.4dm
3
Practice Problems
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide formed
at STP in dm
3
' by the complete thermal
decomposition of 3.125 g of pure calcium
carbonate (Relative atomic mass of Ca=40,
C=12, O=16)
Solution:
Convert the mass to mole:
Molar mass of CaCO
3
=
40 + 12 + (16 x 3) =
100gmol
-1
Mole = mass/molar mass
3.125/100 = 0.03125mol




Practice Problems
As per the equation,

Mole ratio 1 : 1
problem 0.03125mol X
X = 0.03125mol of CO
2
Convert mole to volume [slide 17]
Volume = (
0.03125
x 22.4)dm
3


= 0.7dm
3













This powerpoint was kindly donated to
www.worldofteaching.com




http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a
thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
completely free site and requires no registration. Please
visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.