Issues in North America

Chapter 8
The Fight Against
Terrorism
Chapter 8, Section 1
L4 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) Intimidate 2) hijack 3) coalition 4) guerilla war
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
Why is it so difficult, even for the global hegemon, to fight a
guerilla war?
Summarize (6 sentences)
U.S. Reaction to 9/11 (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Consider: One mans terrorist is another mans freedom
fighter. What does this statement mean?
Besides military intervention, what are other ways we can
combat terrorism?
9/11
Terrorism: the use of surprise violence by an
individual or group to intimidate a government or
civilian population to achieve social or political ends.
The Day the World Went Away: Sep. 11, 2001
19 Al-Qaeda terrorists from Saudi Arabia hijacked four
airplanes
2 planes crashed into World Trade Center, NYC
3,500 people died + 350 firefighters (trying to rescue
people)
Global terrorist network: Al-Qaeda, led by Saudi
millionaire Osama Bin Laden
Oppose American involvement in Muslim lands

U.S. Reaction: War on Terror
President Bush II called 9/11 attacks acts of war
Built a coalition of nations to fight terrorism
Share info, arrest terrorists, seize financial assets
Also supported U.S.-led air strikes in Afghanistan
(where Osama Bin Laden was hiding)
Oct, 2001, U.S. sent ground forces into Afghanistan
New security measures
At airports, public spaces (sports stadiums & mass
transit)
Office of Homeland Security created: organize
against terrorist threats
U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003
Facing Terrorist Threats
Terrorism is hard to fight:
Terrorist groups are
secretive.
Armed (have weapons)
What do terrorists want?
Change govnt policies
Fight oppressor
Want their own territory

War in Afghanistan
Intervention by North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
Bush II demanded Afghanistan hand over bin Laden;
Afghanistan would not extradite him without evidence
Operation Enduring Freedom (Oct. 2001): U.S., U.K.,
and allies invaded Afghanistan
Most Taliban not captured; escaped to mts.
Still today, ongoing guerilla war
May 2011, bin Laden assassinated by US Navy SEALs
May 2012, NATO leaders endorse exit strategy
May 2014, US announced combat operations would end
The Iraq War
Causes:
Bush II wanted to impress his father Bush I and finish the
job of deposing insane dictator Saddam Hussein
U.S. claimed Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction
(WMDs); including chemical and biological weapons
March 2003, U.S.-led alliance conducted a surprise
military invasion of Iraq without declaring war
Quick victory; Saddam Hussein captured, tried and
executed
Violence in Iraq: Iraqi fighters who want independence,
fighting between Sunni and Shia groups; new faction of
terrorist group Al-Qaeda
Dec. 2011, President Obama pulled U.S. troops out of
Iraq
Resource Links
9/11:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=814rcm4KC5w
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSDfbm8OhCg
List of U.S. military interventions since 1890:
http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/interve
ntions.html

Urban Sprawl
Chapter 8, Section 2 (pgs. 176-178)
L5 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) commute 2) nostalgia 3)
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
What is urban sprawl?
What are two solutions to the issue of urban sprawl?
Summarize (6 sentences)
Urban Sprawl: Causes (Merit Option)
Urban Sprawl: Negative Impact (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Think of two new creative solutions to urban sprawl.
Unplanned Growth
Urban Sprawl: the movement
of populations away from
central urban areas to remote
rural areas
Effect: increased use of cars
for commute =
pollution/person increases
Causes:
1. Cheap gasoline
2. Increase city pop. density
3. Poor regional planning
4. Demand for closed gate
communities
5. Nostalgia: the idealized
remembrance of the past

Negative Impact
Effects
1. Increase in commuter
traffic = air pollution
2. Infrastructure
stretched and
weakened
Sources of water
depleted
3. Housing costs rise
4. Coast of public
services increases
5. Discrimination:
separate well-off from
poor
Lower-income
residents
trapped/isolated in
inner city areas

Sprawl Solutions
Smart growth: the efficient
use & conservation of land
and resources
Encourage development
near or in the city
Good public
transportation
Ex: Portland, Oregon: 1971
Drew a line around city:
development around
inside the line, surround
green space was off limits
Ex 2: Vancouver, B.C.
Since 1961, pop. Doubled
1995, decided to manage
growth with sustainable
communities: where
residents can live & work
Other solutions:
Increased suburban taxes
Tax incentives for inner
city housing development
Environmental protection
laws
Case Study:
Diverse Societies
Chapter 8, Case Study (pgs. 180-183)
L6 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) heritage 2) assimilate 3) prejudice 4)
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)
What is urban sprawl?
Summarize (6 sentences)
Urban Sprawl: Causes (Merit Option)
Urban Sprawl: Negative Impact (Merit Option)
Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)
Think of two new creative solutions to urban sprawl.
Mosaic vs. Melting Pot
North America =
culturally diverse
Cities in N.A. =
Asian, European &
Latin American
communities
Ex: NY
schoolchildren
speak +100
languages
Immigration
= workforce &
better domestic
markets
Canadian Diversity
Strategy: cultural mosaic
French/English heritage + Native peoples
1988: Canadian Multiculturalism Act
protect & promote diversity.
Immigrants encouraged to retain
cultural identity
Pro: equality for all peoples
Con: no Canadianness
American Diversity
Strategy: assimilation, minority culture
adopts language, customs & lifestyle of
dominant culture
Americans expect immigrants to
Americanize = more prejudice for those
who dont


20
th
Century Immigration
Recently, Latin American &
Asian immigrants less willing
to give up traditions &
languages
Haters: United States
strength = Americanization
If immigrants dont assimilate
= separation
Lovers: multicultural
approach would benefit
American society
Primary Source Questions
A. How will the ratio of demographics shift in our
lifetime?
B. How does the myth of the melting pot differ from
the reality?
C. What did Patrick Buchanan say he would do about
immigration as president? Do you agree or disagree
with his ideas?
D. Is multiculturalism easier said than done? Explain your
reasoning.
E. What types of ethnic identity exist in the United
States?