Validating a Thermodynamic

Model of a
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
Power Station
Hanon Lim
Jonathan Currie & David I. Wilson
Industrial Information & Control Centre
September 2013
Auckland University of Technology

CCGT Modelling

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Why model a CCGT?

&
Why is this interesting to me?
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Project

Develop a model of the Otahuhu CCGT power station capable

of:

Monitoring

Predicting fuel consumption

Providing at reference for monitoring degradation

Optimisation

Predicting changes in plant output capacity due to

environmental conditions
Find best operating points given electricity market changes
Turn off the steam cycle?

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Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Stations

HRSG
Steam
Turbine

Generator

Gas
Turbine

400 MW Capacity
Single Train
Three Pressure level steam cycle
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2 Cycles
Exhaust Gas

Natural Gas
Compressor

Gas Turbine
2

HRSG

Superheater
Steam
Turbine

Work
1

Air

Evaporator

Exhaust
Gas

Economiser

Pump

Stack

Condenser
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JSteam Excel Add-In

Free download: www.i2c2.aut.ac.nz

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JSteam

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Fuel and Exhaust Compositions

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Model Results Summary

Key points:
Current gas and steam turbines deliver
acceptable accuracy.
Efficiency relations
Heat exchanger model required for modelling
off-design performance

ActualPlant PlantModel %Error

SteamTurbines
InletTemperature
HP
541.00C
540.99C 0.001%
IP
513.00C
511.07C 0.375%
OutletTemperature
HP
351.00C
351.78C 0.223%
Power
TotalSteamCycle
PowerOutput
128000.00kW 122977.11kW 3.924%

Gas turbine model is insensitive to ambient

pressure changes

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HRSG Temperature Profile

CCGT Modelling

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HPSH2

500

Reheater

HPSH1

HPEvap
IPSH2

300

HPEcon2
IPSH1

IPEvap

200

LPSH2
HPEcon1
IPEcon

LPSH1

LPEvap

100

Preheater

0
0

50000

100000

150000
200000
250000
Thermal Output Exhaust Gas [MW]

300000

350000

400000
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Isentropic Efficiency
Change in Gas Turbine Efficiency with Output Power
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
Efficiency

Temperature [C]

400

25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
0.00 kW

50000.00 kW

100000.00 kW

150000.00 kW
Output Power

200000.00 kW

250000.00 kW

300000.00 kW

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Analysis
222MW

265MW
Plant
Model

ActualPlant

Percentage
Error

Turbines
InputTemp
HP
IP
LP
OutputTemp
HP
LP
StackTemperature
Power
TotalSteamCyclePower
Output
GasTurbine
FuelConsumption

545.93C
524.90C
224.57C

552.35C
546.61C
221.97C

1.175%
4.137%
1.157%

354.13C
58.05C
101.06C

354.37C
27.72C
89.64C

0.067%
52.250%
11.30%

94356.54kW

92428.02
kW

2.044%

9.456070821

9.55184978
6

1.013%

Plant
ActualPlant Model
Turbines
InputTemp
HP
IP
LP
OutputTemp
HP
LP
StackTemperature
Power
TotalSteamCyclePower
Output
GasTurbine
FuelConsumption

Percentage
Error

541.97C
523.80C
229.23C

547.33C
529.85C
257.74C

0.989%
1.154%
12.435%

353.99C
58.07C
104.53C

351.52C
29.46C
124.56C

0.696%
49.264%
19.16%

103377.73 99975.73
kW
kW

3.291%

11.265443
10.988937
92

2.516%

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Analysis continued
382MW

326MW
ActualPlant
Turbines
InputTemp
HP
IP
LP
OutputTemp
HP
LP
StackTemperature
Power
TotalSteamCyclePower
Output
GT
Fuelflow

Plant
Model

Plant
ActualPlant Model

%Error

545.30C
521.53C
233.97C

538.76C
517.94C
260.93C

1.199%
0.687%
11.526%

354.16C
59.31C
107.28C

343.28C
31.36C
131.34C

3.070%
47.114%
22.42%

115698.49kW

115098.83
kW

0.518%

13.36kg/s 13.53kg/s

1.274%

Turbines
InputTemp
HP
IP
LP
OutputTemp
HP
LP
StackTemperature
Power
TotalSteamCyclePower
Output
GasTurbine
FuelConsumption

Percentage
Error

541.09C
521.02C
241.05C

538.51C
522.32C
256.53C

0.477%
0.250%
6.420%

354.32C
61.90C
111.83C

344.68C
34.38C
125.17C

2.721%
44.465%
11.93%

124584.51 127960.34
kW
kW

2.710%

15.41110017 15.580331

1.102%

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222MW
Plant
Percentage
Model
Error
265MW
Plant
Percentage
545.93C ActualPlant
552.35C Model
1.175%Error

ActualPlant
Turbines
InputTemp

HP
Turbines
IP
524.90C
546.61C
4.137%
InputTemp
LP
224.57C
221.97C
1.157%
HP
541.97C 547.33C 326MW
0.989%
OutputTemp
IP
523.80C 529.85C
1.154% Plant
HP
354.13C
354.37C
0.067%
%Error
LP
229.23C 257.74CActualPlant
12.435% Model
LP
58.05C
27.72C
52.250%
Turbines
382MW
OutputTemp
StackTemperature
101.06C
89.64C
11.30%
InputTemp
Plant
Percentage
HP
353.99C 351.52C
0.696%
Power
ActualPlant
Error
HP
545.30C
538.76C
1.199% Model
LP
58.07C
29.46C
49.264%
TotalSteamCyclePower
92428.02
Turbines
IP
521.53C
517.94C
0.687%
StackTemperature
104.53C
124.56C
19.16%
Output
94356.54kW
kW
2.044% InputTemp
LP
233.97C 260.93C
11.526%
Power
GasTurbine
HP
541.09C 538.51C
0.477%
OutputTemp
TotalSteamCyclePower
103377.73 99975.73
9.55184978
521.02C 522.32C
0.250%
HP
343.28C
3.070%
kW IP 354.16C
3.291%
FuelConsumption Output
9.456070821
6kW
1.013%
LP
31.36C
47.114%
LP 59.31C
241.05C 256.53C
6.420%
GasTurbine
OutputTemp
StackTemperature
107.28C
131.34C
22.42%
11.265443
Power 10.988937
354.32C 344.68C
2.721%
FuelConsumption
92 HP 2.516%
LP
61.90C
34.38C
44.465%
TotalSteamCyclePower
115098.83
Output
115698.49kW
0.518%
StackTemperature kW
111.83C 125.17C
11.93%
GT
Power
TotalSteamCyclePower
124584.51 127960.34
Fuelflow
13.36kg/s 13.53kg/s
1.274%kW
Output
kW
2.710%
GasTurbine
15.580933
FuelConsumption
15.41110017
1
1.102%
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OPTI Toolbox: www.i2c2.aut.ac.nz

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Future work

Gas turbine model

Dynamic models
Optimisation

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Take aways

Try our (free) jSteam package

Try out our (free) Optimisation

toolbox

www.i2c2.aut.ac.nz/Wiki/OPTI

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www.inverseproblem.co.nz
Chemeca 2013