School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec.

Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 1

Example 4.1. (Classification of columns as short or long)

The frame shown in figure below is composed of members with rectangular cross sections. All
members are constructed of the same strength concrete (E is the same for both beams and
columns). Considering bending in the plane of the frame only, classify column EF as long or
short if the frame is braced. All girders are 300 x 600 mm.













Solution:

Moments of inertia

Girders:
4 8
3
10 54
12
600 300
mm x
x
I
g
= =
Columns:
4 8
3
10 16
12
400 300
mm x
x
I
DE
= =
. 10 71875 . 10
12
350 300
4 8
3
mm x
x
I
EF
= =

Stiffness Coefficients:

( )( )
( )( )

= = =
= = =
=
. 10 2 . 7
7500
10 54
. 10 6
9000
10 54
:
5
8
5
8
E x
x E
K K
E x
x E
K K
L
EI
K Girders
FI EH
cF BE
g
g
g


Columns:
( )( )
( )( )( )

= =
= =
=
E x
x
E
K
E x
x
x E
K
L
EI
K
EF
DE
c
c
c
5
3
8
5
3
8
10 82 . 2
10 8 . 3
10 71875 . 10
10 21 . 4
10 8 . 3
10 16


The column being considered is column EF.
F
E
I
H
G
E
D
C
B
A
M
2
= 45 KNm
M
1
= 30 KNm
7.5 m 9 m
3.80 m
3.80 m
400
600
600
350
300 x 400
300 x 350
525 KN
F
300
300
School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 2

Rotational stiffnesses at joints E and F.

( )
( )
( )
( )
eff g f
col
eff g f
col
L I
L I
L EI
L EI
/
/
/
/
o o
o
E
E
=
E
E
=
Joint E: 53 . 0
10 2 . 7 10 6
10 82 . 2 10 21 . 4
5 5
5 5
=
+
+
=
+
+
=
x x
x x
K K
K K
EH BE
DE EF
E
o
Joint F: 21 . 0
10 2 . 7 10 6
10 82 . 2
5 5
5
=
+
=
+
=
x x
x
K K
K
FI CF
EF
F
o

37 . 0
2
21 . 0 53 . 0
2
=
+
=
+
=
F E
m
o o
o
For a braced column (Non sway structure ) for design
7 . 0 66 . 0
8 . 0 37 . 0
4 . 0 37 . 0
8 . 0
4 . 0
> =
+
+
=
+
+
=
m
m e
L
L
o
o

L
e
= (0.7) (3.8) = 2.66m = 2660mm
The slenderness ratio:
( ) ( ) 350 300 10 71875 . 10
2660
8
x x
A I
L
i
L
e e
= = =

.
! 66 . 66
45
30
25 50
. 327 . 26
short is colum The
ok

= |
.
|

\
|
s
=

Example 2: A column resting on an independent footing supports a flat slab. The super
imposed factored load transferred from the slab is 1000 kN. Design the column assuming a
gross steel ratio of (a) 0.01. Use concrete C30, steel S300 and class I works. Assume column
height h = 4 m.

Solution: fcd = 13.6 MPa; fyd = 260.87 MPa

P
du
= A
g
[

f
cd
(1 ) + f
yd
]

(a) For = 0.01 and Pd = 1000 kN,

] ) 1 ( [
yd cd
d
g
f f
P
A
+
=
S
2
=
) 87 . 260 ( 01 . 0 ) 01 . 0 1 ( 6 . 13
10 * 1000
3
+
S = 249 mm

Use 250 mm 250 mm cross section

A
st =
A
g
= 0.01 (250)
2
= 625 mm
2
School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 3


Use 4 numbers of 16 mm dia rods; A
st
provided = 804 mm
2

Ties: d 6 mm (or) S 12* dia of main bar = 192 mm
Dia of main bar/4 = 16/4 = 4 mm Least lateral dimension = 250 mm
300 mm
Therefore, use 6 mm dia rods at 190 mm center to center

Example 3
Design a slender braced (non-sway) column subjected to uniaxail bending.
Given: - factored load=1650KN
-factored 1
st
order equivalent constant
Moment=130KNm
-Geometric length: L=7m and Le=0.7L
-Material data; C-30, S-460 class I work
-Assume Column size
b = 400mm; h = 400mm;
Required: - quantity of reinforcement.
Solution
Assume cover = 20mm;
long
= 20mm and
lat
. = 10mm
400
40 '
=
h
d
= 0.1 and d = 400-40 = 360mm
e
a
>=
300
e
L

=
300
7000 * 7 . 0

= 16.33 or 20mm
Therefore; e
a
=20mm
Check for second order effect
- =
A
I
L
e
=
12
400
4900
2
= 42.4
-
max
= 50-25(
2
1
M
M
) ; here first order moment is constant throughout the column.
Therefore;
max
= 50-25=25
As >
max,
second order effect has to be considered
M
sd
= e
tot
*N
sd
=(e
e
+e
a
) N
sd
=ee* N
sd
+ ea* N
sd
=first order moment + moment due to e
a

= 130+ (1650*0.02) =163kNm
School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 4

For C-30 concrete; f
ck
= 24; f
cd
=
s
ck
f

85 . 0

=
5 . 1
24 * 85 . 0

= 13.6MPa
f
yd
=
s
yk
f

=
15 . 1
460

= 400MPa

sd
=
cd c
sd
f A
N

=
6 . 13 * 400
10 * 1650
2
3
= 0.76
h f A
M
cd c
sd
sd
= =
400 * 6 . 13 * 400
10 * 163
2
6
=0.187
Using chart no- 2; for
sd
= 0.76 and
sd
= 0.187; = 0.32;
bal
= 0.25
K
2
=
bal
sd

=
25 . 0
187 . 0
= 0.75,
r
1

= K
2
(
d
5
) 10
-3
= 0.75(
3
10 *
360
5


= 10.42*10
-6

e
2 =
(
10
2
1
Le K
r
1
) here K
1
= 1 for > 35
= ) 10 * 42 . 10 (
10
) 4900 ( 1
6
2

= 25mm
e
tot
= e
e
+ e
a
+e
2
= mm 8 . 123 25 20
1650
10 * 130
3
= + +
M
sd
=N
sd
* e
tot
= 1650*
1000
8 . 123
= 204.3kNm ,
6 . 13 * 400
10 * 3 . 204
3
3
= = 0.236 implies
=0.45
Recalculating k
2
,
bal
=0.3
k
2
=
3 . 0
235 . 0
= 0.78 ,
r
1

= 0.78(
3
10 * )
360
5

= 10.8*10
-6
e
2
= 26mm
e
tot
= 124.8
M
sd
= 1650*
1000
8 . 124

= 205.09 kNm ,
h f A
M
cd c
sd
sd
= =
400 * 6 . 13 * 400
10 * 1 . 205
2
6
= 0.236
= 0.45
Interaction can be stopped.
School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 5

400
6 . 13 * 400 * 45 . 0
2
=
st
A

= 2448mm
2

Use 8 number of 20mm diameter rods.
A
s
provided = 2512, compare the result with minimum and maximum code requirements
>0.008*400
2
=1280
<0.08*400
2
=12800 Hence ok
Lateral ties: > 6 or 20/4=5 Hence use 10 bar
s {

Use 10mm diameter bar @240mm c/c.
Example 4
A uni-axial column is to be constructed from a materials C-30, S-400 class I works. If the
diagram for 1
st
order end moment and axial force are as shown, determine the area of
reinforcement assuming non-sway frame system.(use b/h =300/400 and Le=0.75L, with
L=7.5m)

Soln: Assume d= 40mm;
h
d'
=
400
40
= 0.1 use uniaxail chart no-2
e
e
> 0.6eo
2
+0.4eo
1
or 0.4eo
2

eo
2
= 1000 *
1280
155
=121.1mm
eo
1
= 1000 *
1280
82
=-64.1mm

e
a
>
300
le
=
300
7500 * 75 . 0
=18.75mm or 20mm; use e
a
=20mm
School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 6

Check for e
2
; =
12
400
7500 * 75 . 0
2
=48.7 ;
max
=50-25(
155
82
)=63.2
<
max;
therefore; neglect second order eccentricity
e
tot
=eo
2
+e
a
=121.1+20=141.1mm
M
sd
= N
sd
*e
tot
=1280*
1000
1 . 141
=180.6kNm; fcd= 13.6 ; fyd=347.8
=
400 * 300 * 6 . 13
10 * 1280
3
=
bh f
N
cd
sd
=0.78 and =
2
6
2
400 * 300 * 6 . 13
10 * 61 . 180
=
bh f
M
cd
sd
=0.28

implis =0.6

A
s
=
yd
cd c
f
f A * * e
=
8 . 347
6 . 13 * 300 * 400 * 6 . 0
= 2815.4mm; use 822mm bar
As
pov
= 8*
4
* 22
2
t
=3041mm
2

< As
max
= 0.08*A
g
=9600mm
2

>As
min
=0.008A
g
=960mm
2

Lateral reinforcement
>6 or 22/4 Ss12* 22 =264 or 300
Use 6mm ties at 260mm spacing.
Example 5
Design a column to sustain a factored design axial load of 900KN and biaxial moments of
M
dx
=270KNM and M
dy
=180KNm including all other effects. Use C-30, S-300 class I works.

Solution: f
ck
= 24MPa ;f
cd
=13.6MPa; fyd=260.87MPa
Assume b*h = 400*600mm and
b
b'
= =
h
h'
=0.1, N
sd
= 900kN
M
h
=M
dx
=270kNm
M
b
=Mdy=180kNm
=
600 * 400 * 6 . 13
10 * 900
3
=0.28(between0.2 and0.4)
b A f
M
c cd
b
b
= =
2
6
400 * 600 * 6 . 13
10 * 180
=0.14 and
h A f
M
c cd
h
h
= =
2
6
600 * 400 * 6 . 13
10 * 270
=0.14
Using biaxial chart no- 9 thus:
for u =0.2;
h
=0.14 ,
b
=0.14; =0.4
for u =0.4;
h
=0.14,
b
=0.14; =0.4
By interpolation for u =0.28; =0.4

School of Civil & Urban Eng., IOTec. Hawassa University

RC II (CEng 3111) Chapter 1 column design examples
Page 7

A
s
=
yd
cd c
f
f A * * =
=
87 . 260
6 . 13 * 600 * 400 * 4 . 0
=5005mm2
< As
max
= 0.08*A
g
=19200mm2
>As
min
=0.008A
g
=1920mm2
use 830mm bar
Lateral reinforcement
>6 or 30/4 s
{




Use 8mm ties at 300mm spacing.