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Cellular Classroom Activity:
Teachers Script
(Student Responses)

I was sitting at my desk on Friday and was looking at the classroom. I realized this
classroom looks a lot like two very important organelles.

Does anyone have an idea of what those organelles may be?

I saw a chloroplast and a mitochondria.

We are going to take a trip through these organelles and discuss what happens inside
of them.

You will need a pen or pencil, the worksheet that was just passed out, and something to
write on, like your journal.

We will be walking and moving. I need you to stay calm and quite while we do this. I will
stop this activity and you can all sit back down if you arent paying attention.

Who has an idea of why I thought the front of the classroom looks like a chloroplast?
(Because the tables look like Grana)

And the Grana are stacks of what?
(Thylakoid membrane disks)

Ok, I would like everyone to take a seat at a granum. Most of you are already seated. If
you were at table 6,7,or 8, find an empty seat or pull your chair up to a granum and take
a seat.

Ok, so everyone imagine you are sitting on this thylakoid disk. You are slowly turning
green as a certain pigment is absorbed through your skin. What pigment is this?
(Chlorophyll)

And why is it turning us green?
(Because it absorbs all light except for green. It reflects green light.)

And what reaction takes place on the thylakoid membrane?
(The Light Dependent Reaction)

Ok, so on your graphic organizer, you are going to label the first box as the light
dependent reaction. Also, write that it occurs on the thylakoid membrane.
(The teacher will click through the PowerPoint, displaying the text that goes on the
paper as the activity progresses)

What are the reactants of the light dependent reaction?
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(H2O and Light)

Draw an arrow entering your box and label it H2O. We will come back to light in a little
bit.

What is the product of the light reaction?
(O2)

Draw an arrow leaving your box and label it O2.

So what happens to the Hydrogen in water?
(It is added to NADP+, turning it into NADPH. This molecule then moves to the Calvin
cycle and helps convert CO2 into glucose.)

Draw an arrow moving down from the top box to the one below it and label that NADPH.

And where in the chloroplast is everyone sitting again?
(On a stack of thylakoid disks, known as a granum)

And how many grana are in our chloroplast?
(5)

And what just took place on the thylakoid disk?
(The light Dependent Reaction)

Ok, so we are moving out of the light reaction and into what? What comes next?
(The Dark Reaction, Light Independent Reaction, Calvin Cycle)

And where does the dark reaction occur?
(In the Stroma)

I need everyone to get up, push in your chair and just stand inside the chloroplast. You
are now in the stroma.

In the second box for photosynthesis, label it as the dark reaction and write where this
reaction takes place in the chloroplast.

What is the reactant of the dark reaction?
(CO2)

Draw an arrow entering the cell and label it CO2.

What is the product of the dark reaction?
(Glucose)

Draw an arrow leaving the box and write the chemical formula for glucose.
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Where does the H in glucose come from?
(NADPH)

Draw an arrow from the NADPH to the arrow exiting the cell. That H is going to meet up
with the Carbon and Oxygen to make glucose. This just leaves NADP+ in the stroma of
the chloroplast.

This NADP+ will travel back to the thylakoid and wait until the next reaction occurs.
Draw an arrow from the dark reaction box moving to the light reaction box and label it
NADP+.

So, we are done with photosynthesis, right?
(No, we havent covered the light yet)

Ok, everyone return to your granum and take a seat on the thylakoid membrane.

Draw a sun, shining down onto the top box of your sheet. Draw an arrow from the sun
into the light reaction box.

What does the sun provide the plant?
(Energy)

Where is energy stored?
(In ATP)

And is that energy stored in ATP for a long time, or a short time?
(Short time)

So ATP is made in the light reaction. It travels into the dark reaction.

Write ATP between the two boxes and draw a curved arrow, like the top part of a cycle
going into the dark reaction.

What happens to ATP in the dark reaction?
(It is broken down into ADP and energy is released.)

What does that released energy help do?
(Convert CO2 into glucose)

Write ADP between the boxes, and finish the cycle, as it looks up on the overhead.

Ok, so now are we done with photosynthesis?
(Yes)

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So, we are staying in this plant cell but will travel to a different organelle to perform cell
respiration.

What organelle performs cell respiration?
(Mitochondria)

What about the lab area looks like the mitochondria?
(The lab tables are the inner membrane and the space between is the matrix)

What reaction takes place in cell respiration first, outside of the mitochondria?
(Glycolysis)

And where does this reaction occur?
(In the cytoplasm)

Does glycolysis require oxygen?
(No)

So after glycolysis, if the cell has no oxygen, what happens?
(It enters lactic acid fermentation or alcohol fermentation)

On the flow chart, go ahead and write those two processes in the boxes that stem from
the no oxygen required line.

If a plant does have oxygen, what two processes occur after glycolysis?
(Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain)

On the flow chart, write those two processes in the boxes under oxygen required? Yes.

So, lets get this cell respiration going.

Everyone, stand up and push in your chairs. We are headed to the cytoplasm. When
you reach the membrane of the chloroplast (the green crepe paper), you will need to
find a channel to pass through, in this instance it is under the paper, so duck under.

On your paper, you should now be on the cell respiration section with just three boxes.

Where are we standing in the cell?
(In the cytoplasm)

And what process of cell respiration happens in the cytoplasm again?
(Glycolysis)

Label the top box glycolysis and write that it occurs in the cytoplasm.

What is the reactant for glycolysis?
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(Glucose)

Draw an arrow going into the glycolysis box and label it glucose.

What is the product of glycolysis?
(2 pyruvic acids, 2 NADH, and a net of 2 ATP)

Where does the ATP go?
(ATP is released and used for energy)

Draw an arrow leaving the box and label it 2 ATP.

Where do the pyruvic acids go?
(Into the Krebs cycle)

Draw an arrow going down into the second box. Label it 2 pyruvic acids. Label the
second box the Krebs cycle. We will come back to the NADH.

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
(In the mitochondrial matrix)

Okay, we will need to pass through the mitochondrial membrane. Just like leaving the
chloroplast, find that channel and travel through. Duck under the paper.

Stand in the mitochondria, but make sure you arent touching the tables. You should be
standing in the open space. This is the mitochondrial matrix. Write in the Krebs cycle
box that this cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

What are the reactants for the Krebs cycle?
(Pyruvic acid and oxygen)

You already have an arrow for pyruvic acid coming in, but you need to draw an arrow
for oxygen coming into the box. Label that arrow.

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
(CO2 and 2ATP)
Draw and arrow leaving the box and label it CO2 and 2 ATP.

What about the hydrogen that makes up the pyruvic acids?
(It is added to NAD+ to make NADH and FAD to make FADH2. This moves down into
the Electron Transport Chain.)

Draw an arrow from the Krebs cycle box to the third box and label that arrow NADH and
FADH2.

Do you think this is where the NADH from glycolysis travels too?
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(Yes)

Draw an arrow from glycolysis around the second box, down to the third box. Label that
arrow NADH.

What is the last reaction that needs to occur?
(Electron Transport Chain)

And where does this occur?
(In the Inner Membrane of the mitochondria)

You may now make contact with the inner membrane. You may set your journals on the
lab table. In the third box, label it Electron Transport Chain and write that it occurs in
the inner membrane.

What are the reactants for the ETC?
(Oxygen, NADH and FADH2)

Draw an arrow entering the ETC box and label it oxygen. The NADH and FADH2
reactants should already be written and arrows drawn.

What are the products of the ETC?
(ATP and water)

Draw an arrow leaving the ETC box and label it ATP and water.

What about the NADH and FADH2 molecules?
(The H+ ions break off and help synthesize ATP from ADP. The hydrogen then attaches
to the oxygen and makes the water.)

Draw arrows from NADH and FADH2 to the product arrows.

The NAD+ and FAD then return to the Krebs cycle and NAD+ returns to glycolysis for
the next round. Draw an arrow from the ETC box to the Krebs cycle and label it NAD+
and FAD. Draw an arrow from the ETC box to the glycolysis box labeling it NAD+.

We have just traveled through a plant cell and went through both photosynthesis and
cellular respiration!




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