Rasputin- in 1915 after Nicholas moved to the war front, Alexis (Nicholas II son who had hemophilia) Rasputin claimed to be a holy man who had special powers, he eased Alexis symptoms. Nicholas IIs wife as thanks gave Rasputin the power to make key political decisions. He appointed powerful positions to his friends. In 1916 a group of nobles killed him, they were scared of his upcoming power. Industrialization and growth of Revolutionary movements: War allowed Russia to industrialize by making weapons. Bolsheviks: supported a small number of committed revolutionaries who were willing to sacrifice anything for change. Mensheviks: means minority in Russian. A member of the non-Leninist wing of the Social Democratic Works Party Soviets- They were local councils that consisted of being workers, peasants, and soldiers Lenin- He was the major leader of the Bolsheviks which was named Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanovsk but everyone called him Lenin Revolution of 1905-was a series of strikes where people wanted change in the government Russo-japanese war- It was a war against Russia and Japan in the late 1800s, since they both signed agreements over the territories Russia then ended up breaking them. This led to a war and caused many problems for everyone Bloody Sunday: on January 22nd, 1905, about 200,000 workers and families marched to the Czars winter palace in peace, with a list of everything that is wrong in the system. Nicholas II generals told soldiers to fire into the crowd. 1,000 were injured and several hundred were killed. This provoked a new wave of strikes and violence across Russia. This ultimately led to the duma, which didnt do much anyway since Nicholas II put all conservative members on the duma. WWI: In 1914 Nicholas II put Russia into WWI; Germany was too advanced for us and killed or captured over 4 million soldiers in the first year. March revolution: a group of women textile workers went on strike, later more joined in. Soon there were over 200,000 strikers in the streets yelling to end the war and to end the autocracy. At first, soldiers shot the strikers but soon gave in and began siding with them. The March revolution was able to bring the Romanov dynasty to an end but didnt set up any order or government after the czar stepped down. November revolution (known as Bolshevik revolution) Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained control of the Petrograd soviet. People began shouting all power to the soviets All power to soviets people shouted this during the Bolshevik revolution. Bread, land and peace Lenins campaign slogan and gained widespread appeal. Treaty of Brest litovsk-unilateral treaty with Germany, Russia gave up large portions of land, which angered many Russians. Trotsky: competed with Stalin for head of the communist party and was the head of the red army. Civil war: in Russia was between the people who wanted a czar back and those who wanted a democracy. The white army was made up of people who wanted to defeat the Bolsheviks. The red army was the Bolsheviks, they wanted a democratic government. White army- The Bolsheviks faced a challenge, and their opponents formed the White army which consisted of very different groups. This was the group that only if you were able to defeat the Bolsheviks then you were able to unite the White Army. Red army- It was an army that was able to crush all opposition. This showed that the Bolsheviks were able to seize power and were able to maintain it. Leon Trotsky was the revolutionary leader of this army group. Problems?-Many groups had problems with others because Russias civil war proved far more deadly than the earlier revolution. 14 million people ended up dying in the three year struggle and the famine that followed. Results? The red army was able to crush the opposition which then showed that the Bolsheviks were able to seize power and were also able to maintain it New name Lenin gave to Russia- Soviet Union