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Russian Revolutions

Nicholas II- last emperor of Russia


Rasputin- in 1915 after Nicholas moved to the war front, Alexis (Nicholas II son who had hemophilia)
Rasputin claimed to be a holy man who had special powers, he eased Alexis symptoms. Nicholas IIs
wife as thanks gave Rasputin the power to make key political decisions. He appointed powerful positions
to his friends. In 1916 a group of nobles killed him, they were scared of his
upcoming power.
Industrialization and growth of Revolutionary movements: War allowed
Russia to industrialize by making weapons.
Bolsheviks: supported a small number of committed revolutionaries who
were willing to sacrifice anything for change.
Mensheviks: means minority in Russian. A member of the non-Leninist
wing of the Social Democratic Works Party
Soviets- They were local councils that consisted of being workers, peasants,
and soldiers
Lenin- He was the major leader of the Bolsheviks which was named Vladimir
Ilyich Ulyanovsk but everyone called him Lenin
Revolution of 1905-was a series of strikes where people wanted change in
the government
Russo-japanese war- It was a war against Russia and Japan in the late 1800s,
since they both signed agreements over the territories Russia then ended
up breaking them. This led to a war and caused many problems for
everyone
Bloody Sunday: on January 22nd, 1905, about 200,000 workers and families
marched to the Czars winter palace in peace, with a list of everything that is
wrong in the system. Nicholas II generals told soldiers to fire into the crowd.
1,000 were injured and several hundred were killed. This provoked a new
wave of strikes and violence across Russia. This ultimately led to the duma,
which didnt do much anyway since Nicholas II put all conservative
members on the duma.
WWI: In 1914 Nicholas II put Russia into WWI; Germany was too advanced for us and killed or captured
over 4 million soldiers in the first year.
March revolution: a group of women textile workers went on strike, later
more joined in. Soon there were over 200,000 strikers in the streets yelling
to end the war and to end the autocracy. At first, soldiers shot the strikers
but soon gave in and began siding with them. The March revolution was able
to bring the Romanov dynasty to an end but didnt set up any order or
government after the czar stepped down.
November revolution (known as Bolshevik revolution) Lenin and the
Bolsheviks gained control of the Petrograd soviet. People began shouting all
power to the soviets
All power to soviets people shouted this during the Bolshevik revolution.
Bread, land and peace Lenins campaign slogan and gained widespread
appeal.
Treaty of Brest litovsk-unilateral treaty with Germany, Russia gave up large portions of land, which
angered many Russians.
Trotsky: competed with Stalin for head of the communist party and was the head of the red army.
Civil war: in Russia was
between the people who
wanted a czar back and those
who wanted a democracy. The
white army was made up of
people who wanted to defeat
the Bolsheviks. The red army
was the Bolsheviks, they
wanted a democratic
government.
White army- The Bolsheviks
faced a challenge, and their
opponents formed the White
army which consisted of very
different groups. This was the
group that only if you were
able to defeat the Bolsheviks
then you were able to unite
the White Army.
Red army- It was an army that was able to crush all opposition. This showed that the Bolsheviks were
able to seize power and were able to maintain it. Leon Trotsky was the revolutionary leader of this army
group.
Problems?-Many groups had problems with others because Russias civil war proved far more deadly
than the earlier revolution. 14 million people ended up dying in the three year struggle and the famine
that followed.
Results? The red army was able to crush the opposition which then showed that the Bolsheviks were
able to seize power and were also able to maintain it
New name Lenin gave to Russia- Soviet Union

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