MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE

MAKING REASONS OR INFERENCES

A fact that you decide is true because of the

information that you have.
A statement worked out from a given
information, such as observations and
measurements.
Giving an explanation for a particular object
or event

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Table below shows the changes of water

temperature when 500 ml of water is boiled and
water after it is stop heating.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perubahan suhu
Air apabila 500 ml air mendidih dan setelah
masa pemanasan berhenti.

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3

a) Give two reasons why the fish in pond M is

bigger than the fish in pond N?
Berikan dua alasan (sebab) mengapa ikan di
kolam M lebih besar daripada ikan di kolam
N?
i)

ii)
.

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a) Predict the temperature of water in the 65th

minute.
Ramalkan suhu air pada minit ke 65.
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b) Give a reason for your answer in (a)
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a)

Diagram below shows two cockroaches that are

covered under three glasses of different sizes.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan dua ekor lipas telah
diletakkan di bawah tiga gelas yang berlainan
saiz.

Observation
Pemerhatian :
The cockroaches in glass C died faster than the
cockroaches in glass B and glass A.
Lipas di dalam bekas C mati lebih cepat
berbanding lipas di dalam bekas B dan A.

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GURU CEMERLANG SAINS NEGERI KEDAH DARULAMAN

Adam found out that the fish caught in pond M

is bigger than the fish in pond N.
Adam mendapati ikanyang ditangkap di kolam
M lebih besar daripada ikan di kolam N.

Diagram below shows an investigation which is

conducted by a group of pupils to find the
properties of materials. Two spoons made of
different materials are tested in a circuit.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan
dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid untuk
menguji sifat bahan, Dua sudu yang berbeza
jenis bahannya diuji pada litar elektrik.

MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE
about the number of animal X in a
particular forest. The bar chart shows the
information obtained.
Sekumpulan murid telah mengumpul maklumat
tentang jumlah haiwan X dalam sebuah hutan
.Carta palang menunjukkan maklumat yang
telah dikumpul.

.
.

.
.
5

An investigation carried out by Alif using two

spoons made from different materials which are
immersed in a beaker of hot water at the same
time.
Satu penyiasatan lain dibuat oleh Alif
menggunakan dua sudu yang berbeza
bahannya yang direndam dalam air panas
secara serentak.

a) Give one inference about the number

of animal X after the year 1998
Berikan satu inferens tentang bilangan
haiwan X selepas tahun 1998.
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a) Give a reason (inference ) based on the

observation stated above.
Nyatakan satu inferens berdasarkan
pemerhatian
yang dinyatakan di atas.

a) Give a reason for the observation on

the condition of nail in test tube X.
Berikan sebab (inferens) untuk
pemerhatian yang dibuat ke atas paku
dalam tabung uji X.

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.
6

A group of pupils gathered information

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MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE
8

Give a reason (inference) on the differences of

size of the balloons on bottle X and Y.
Berikan sebab (inferens) tentang perbezaan saiz
belon pada botol X dan Y.
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11

Fatin carries out an investigation by using three

airtight glass container P,Q,R which are
different in size. She puts one grasshopper into
each container
Fatin menjalankan satu penyiasatan dengan
menggunakan tiga bekas kaca kedap udara iaitu , P,Q
dan R yang berbeza saiz . Dia meletakkan seekor
belalang di dalam setiap bekas itu.

Diagram below shows number of squirrels which

is detected in a durian orchard in certain
months.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan jumlah tupai yang
dikesan pada bulan-bulan tertentu.
The result of investigation is as follows.
Keputusan penyiasatan adalah seperti berikut
The grasshopper in container P dies first
followed by that in container Q then that in
container P
Belalang di dalam bekas P mati dahulu diiikuti
dengan belalang di dalam bekas Q dan kemudian
belalang di dalam bekas R.
a)
Give reason why many squirrels are found in
the orchard during April to Jun
Berikan alasan (inferens) kenapa terdapat banyak
tupai dalam bulan April hingga Jun.
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Diagram 2 shows two conditions of balloon after

placed at the mouth of bottle X and bottle Y.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua keadaan belon selepas
diletakkan pada mulut botol X dan botol Y.

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GURU CEMERLANG SAINS NEGERI KEDAH DARULAMAN

State one reason (inference) why the

grasshopper container P dies first.
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) mengapa
belalang di dalam bekas P mati dahulu.
..
.
.
.

Diagram 4 shows three structures P, Q and R

built by Hasbullah using wooden block and
placed on a
table. He wants to test the stability of each
structure.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur P, Q dan R yang dibina
oleh Hasbullah menggunakan bongkah- bongkah
kayu dan diletakkan di atas sebuah meja. Dia ingin
menguji kestabilan setiap struktur tersebut.

MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE

Table below shows the results of the

investigation
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan
penyiasatan

When the table is gradually lifted as shown, the

first to topple is R, followed by P and then Q.
Apabila meja tersebut diangkat perlahan-lahan
seperti ditunjukkan, R tumbang dahulu diikuti P dan
kemudian Q.

Circuit
Litar
P

State one reason (inference) based on the

observation on structure R .
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan
pemerhatian pada struktur R.

Q
R

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13

State one inference about the brightness of the

bulb as the number of batteries increases.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang kecerahan mentol
apabila bilangan bateri semakin bertambah.

..

Diagram below shows stem of plant which are

planted by one man at his house compound.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan 2 batang tumbuhan
yang ditanam oleh seorang lelaki di halaman
rumahnya.

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Observation 1 : Plant P taller than plant Q

Pemerhatian 1 : Tumbuhan P lebih tinggi
berbanding tumbuhan Q
Observation 2 : Number of plant Ps leaves
more than plant Q
Pemerhatian 2 : Bilangan daun tumbuhan P
banyak berbanding tumbuhan Q.

a)

14

Diagram below shows an apparatus set-up for

an investigation that is carried out by a pupil. A
wooden block was pushed on different types of
surfaces.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas untuk
satu penyiasatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang murid.
Sebuah bongkah kayu ditolak di atas permukaan
berbeza.

Table below shows the results of the

investigation
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan
.

Based on one of the observation , give two

reasons for the differences
in plant P and Q.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian yang dipilih, buat dua
inferens untuk perbezaan
tumbuhan P dan Q.
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.

Type of surface Time taken for the wooden

Jenis permukaan block to stop moving
Masa diambil untuk bongkah
kayu berhenti / saat
Glass
16
Kaca
Sandpaper
12
Kertas pasir
Carpet
8
Permaidani

Diagram below shows three complete electrical

circuits , P, Q and R.
The brightness of the bulbs is observed.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga litar eletrik yang
lengkap, P,Q dan R. Kecerahan mentol diperhatikan

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GURU CEMERLANG SAINS NEGERI KEDAH DARULAMAN

Brightness of bulb
Kecerahan nyalaan mentol
Bright
Cerah
Brighter
Lebih cerah
Brightest
Paling cerah

a)State an inference based on the result in the

table above when the wooden block is pushed
on the carpet.

MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE
Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan keputusan dalam
jadual di atas apabila blok kayu ditolak di atas
permukaan permaidani.

18

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16

Time nail
immersed (day)
Masa paku
direndam (hari)
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

Weight of nail (gram)

Berat paku (gram)
Two different types of ball are released to slope
down the inclined plane. The distance travelled
by the balls are measured. It was found that
ball P has
a greater distance.
Dua biji bola yang berlainan jenis dilepaskan
menuruni satu cerun. Jarak gerakan kedua-dua bola
itu diukur dan didapati bola P bergerak pada jarak
yang lebih jauh.

50
55
65
70
75
80
85

a)

Table above shows the information about the

time when nail is immersed and the weight of
nail.
Jadual menunjukkan maklumat tentang masa paku
direndam dan berat paku itu

Give two reasons for the difference in

distance travelled by the two balls.
Berikan dua sebab untuk menerangkan
perbezaan jarak gerakan bola P dan Q
i) ..

a) Give a reason based on the result in the table

above
Nyatakan satu sebab tentang keputusan dalam
jadual di atas.

..

ii)

..

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17

Diagram below shows an investigation. Two

similar handkerchief are hung in two different
areas, X and Y. Both handkerchiefs are wet.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan. Dua
helai saputangan disidai di dua kawasan berbeza.
Kedua-dua sapu tangan itu basah.

Diagram is a bar graph that shows the air

pollution index of four places , P,Q,R and S.
Rajah ialah satu graf palang yang menunjukkan
indeks pencemaran udara (IPU) bagi empat buah
tempat P,Q,R dan S.

Observation :

The air pollution index (API) at

place R is the highest
Pemerhatian : Indeks Pencemaran Udara (IPU) di
tempat R merupakan yang paling tinggi.

a) Handkerchief X dries faster than

handkerchief Y. Give an inference.
Saputangan X kering lebih cepat berbanding
saputangan Y. Berikan satu inferens.
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GURU CEMERLANG SAINS NEGERI KEDAH DARULAMAN

a) Give a reason based on the observation

given
Berikan alasan berdasarkan pemerhatian yang
diberikan.
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MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE

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Figure below shows apparatus set up by a

group of pupils for an activity.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peralatan yang
disediakan oleh sekumpulan murid dalam
menjalankan satu aktiviti

21

An investigation is carried out by a group of

pupils as shown in the diagram below.
Satu penyiasatan telah dijalankan oleh
sekumpulan murid seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam rajah di bawah.

a) What can be observed after 4 days?

Apakah pemerhatian yang dapat dibuat
selepas 4 hari?
..
.
b) Explain your answer in (b)
Berikan penerangan ke atas jawapan anda di
(b)
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21

State two possible reasons for what they have

observed ?
Nyatakan dua alasan yang munasabah tentang
apa yang diperhatikan oleh mereka.

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In an investigation , Hamid uses same amount

of force to roll five metal balls of different
masses on a cement floor. The bar chart in
diagram below shows the distance traveled by
each metal ball.
Dalam satu penyiasatan, Hamid menggunakan
kekuatan daya yang sama untuk menggolek
lima bola besi yang berlainan jisim di atas
permukaan lantai, Carta palang di bawah
menunjukkan jarak yang dilalui bagi setiap
bebola logam

22

Give a suitable reason (inference) to explain the

level of the coloured water in the test tube
when the conical flask is immersed in 65C of
water?
Berikan satu alasan (inferens) yang sesuai untuk
menjelaskan paras air berwarna di dalam tabung uji
apabila kelalang kon dimasukkan ke dalam air
bersuhu 65C.
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a) What can be observed based on the bar

chart above?
Apakah pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat
berdasarkan carta palang di atas?
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b) Give a reason based on your answer in (a)
Berikan alasan berdasarkan jawapan anda di
(a)
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Three conical flasks are filled with 500 ml of

coloured water, are immersed into three
beakers of water at temperature of 45C, 55C
and 65C respectively. The results are shown in
diagram below.
Tiga buah kelalang kon telah diisi dengan 500 ml air
berwarna, telah dimasukkan ke dalam tiga bikar yang
berisi air bersuhu 45C, 55C dan 65C. Rajah 3 di
bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan
tersebut.

23

Sekumpulan murid menjalankan satu

eksperimen. Panjang awal bahan ialah 10 cm.

MODUL 1 REASON/INFERENCE
Keputusan penyiasatan ditunjukkan dalam rajah
di bawah.
Type of material

A string
Tali
A rubber band
Gelang getah

25

Length after 0.5 kg

weightis hung
Panjang selepas 0.5
kg berat digantung
10
15

Give one reason (inference) based on the diagram

Beri satu inferens berdasarkan rajah..
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.

a) Give a reason based on the results in the

table above?
Berikan sebab (inferens) berdasarkan
keputusan dalam jadual di atas.

24

Diagram 1 shows a situation in forest.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu situasi di hutan.

Hajar puts two young plants , J and K in two

different places in Diagram 1. She watered the
plants every day.
Hajar meletakkan dua anak pokok J dan K di
tempat yang berlainan seperti yang ditunjukkan
pada Rajah 1. Dia menyiram pokok-pokok itu
setiap hari.

State one reason based on the information

shown in table above
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan
maklumat dalam jadual di atas

..

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