CHAPTER 01

Vector Analysis

2014.

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.1

1.4

1.1.1

1.2

1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5

(Gradient)
(Divergence)
(Curl)

(Divergence Theorem and
Stokes Theorem)
1.4.6
1.4.7

1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3

1.3

1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4

, ,

: Electromagnetics

1.5

Vector Analysis

(Helmholtzs Theorem)

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.
, , .
( , , ) .

.

.
, , ,
.
, ,
.
, , .
2 ,
.

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.1

(Vector analysis)

(differential length)
(differential surface)
(differential volume)

(Divergence)
(Gradient)
(Curl)
(Divergence Theorem)
(Stokes Theorem)

(Helmholtzs Theorem)
: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.1

(Josiah Willard Gibbs, 1839~1903)
, ,

(chemical potential)
(phase rule)
- (Gibbs-Dalton Law)
(absorption law)
(Fourier Series)
(Gibbs phenomenon)

(James Clerk Maxwell)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

(scalar)
(magnitude) , ,
V

(vector)
(velocity), (E : electric field)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

A B

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

(a : unit vector)
1 A

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

(dot product)

A = IAI, B = IBI , AB A B

A B A (B A ) B cosAB

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

(cross product)

AB AB sinAB A B (
)
AB A B

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

xyzxyz

(determinant)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

A (BC)
A (BC) , ()

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.2

A(BC)
BAC-CAB

1-1

1-2

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

, ,
dl

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

, ,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

, ,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

a
a, a (a, a)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

x, y, z

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

a
a , a

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

[ 1-3]

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

1-3

1-4

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

(line integral)
c F d l C F

F d l

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

1-5

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

C = C + C + C C

,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

F ,
(conservative)

(1.28a) C F
(circulation)
,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

()
s F d s S F (flux)

[ 1-15(a)]

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

1-6

(a) r0 r = r0

ds = ands = arr2sindd

(b) S

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.3

1-7

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

, ,

()
: (del) (nabla)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Gradient)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Gradient)
(chain rule)

al ,

1-8

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Gradient)

(a)

(b)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence)
A A
(net flux) ()
(net outward flux per unit volume)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence)

1-9

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Curl)
(circulation)

(circulation per unit area)

1-10

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Curl)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Curl)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

(Divergence Theorem)

S V
A () , A 0
A (divergenceless field) (solenoidal field)

(Stokes Theorem)

C S
A , A 0
(curl-free field) (conservative field)
: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

1-11

(a) S1

F ,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

S2 z = 0 F = azz2 = 0

(b)

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

1-12

(a) C1, C2
C1

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

C2

C2 F

(b)

C S ,

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

(Divergence Theorem and Stokes Theorem)

1-13

1-14

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.4

() 5

V
A 0

, V

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.5

(Helmholtzs Theorem)

F

- V F ()
A ()
F F ()

F . ,

F
F
F = 0 F = - V
F = 0 F = A
: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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1.5

(Helmholtzs Theorem)
1-15

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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Q&A

: Electromagnetics

Vector Analysis

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