MILLENNIUM

DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Kailey Hankes-Cambodia
Amber Crane-Zambia

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

CAMBODIA
The target to reduce poverty in Cambodia is 19%. Right now 20% of the

poorest population is consuming no less than 10% of total food consumption;

statistics show that the goal for 2015 is well within its reach. Not only does
Cambodia have a problem in poverty but also child labor. Child labor still exists
in Cambodia although it has begun to decrease. They hope to reduce child
labor down to only 8% as of right now it is 14% and many are unsure that they
will reach this target. I think that with poverty continuing to fall and children
continuing to attend school will help this Cambodia achieve this.

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

ZAMBIA
Extreme poverty declined from 58% in 1991 to 51% in 2006. They are
doing really well but if the numbers follow the same pattern they will not
reach the projected target by 2015. I dont feel that they will be able to
make it to their target of 29%. Extreme poverty in rural areas (67%) is
much higher than urban areas (20%). However, the poverty gap between
the two has gone down over the years. Stunting of childrens growth
remains a big issue still in Zambia. The percentage of underweight children
has gone down from 25.1% to 14.6%.

Comparision
It seems that Cambodia compared to Zambia is not

struggling as much with poverty. In Cambodia poverty

levels are as low as 20% while Zambia has poverty levels
up to 68% in rural areas. In urban areas of Zambia
poverty levels are at 20% which is similar to Cambodia
but overall Zambia seems to need more improvement on
this developmental goal. Parts of Africa do have problems
with child labor like Cambodia but in this part of Zambia
they dont have a problem with it and arent worrying to
much.

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Cambodia
The target in Cambodia to achieve
universal primary education is to have
100% enrollment. Right now the
enrolment rate is 90% however many
students enroll then are actually
attending class. I think education is very
important for the Cambodians to be able
and acquire the skills necessary to help
with labor markets and other aspects of
society. Some problems though are that
children are not completing school and
often times school is many miles away
which makes it not very convenient.
Other times parents are sick or injured
and cant afford their children to go to
school because they need help.
Fortunately at the rate Cambodia is
going they expect to achieve this target.

Achieve Universal Primary Education

Zambia
The enrollment of children in primary aged education increased from
80% in 1990 to 102% in 2009. Zambia has increased the building and
construction of schools, the removal of all school payments, and the
adoption of Free Basic Education and Re-Entry. They are finally
understanding just how important education is for their young people
and have made many new schools so that all can attend. The
percentage of kids completing school has gone up 22.7%. The goal for
2015 of 100% enrollment has already been achieved.

Comparison
Cambodia and Zambia both have a developmental goal to

achieve 100% enrollment. Zambia has already met this

goal while Cambodia is close behind. Cambodia struggles
with keeping their kids in attendance while Zambia has
shown that not only has their enrollment increased but the
percentage of kids finishing school has increased as well.
It seems that Zambia is excelling more in their academics
while Cambodia is still doing while but struggles more with
attendance.

Promote Gender Equalities

Promote Gender Equalities

Cambodia
In Cambodia there is mainly gender equalities within schools as well as government.
More work is required to get girls ages 11-17 to attend school because the role of the
women is mainly to stay home and provide while the men go and get an education. This
a hard custom to switch especially because there is still a need for the women to be
home and provide and take care of children. There are however more female workers in
the labor force receiving salaried and wages which is a good sign of progress for this
country. Also the government has been appointing women officials in positions of
decision-making. They aim to appoint 15 women ministers, which now is only at 2. I feel
that Cambodia really has made improvements over the last years.

Promote Gender Equalities

Zambia
The ratio of boys to girls in primary education improved from .90 to
.96. However secondary school ratios have dropped. This means
that a lot of the older girls are not returning to school to attend high
school. Most are opting out into marriage and running families.
Women in parliament are 16% under the target rate. I dont think
that they will reach their goal by 2015. The country is still traditional
in the fact that men run the country and women stay at home and
provide for the kids.

Comparision
As stated before Zambia excels more in schooling and so
there is a greater ratio of girls that attend school then
Cambodia has. However Cambodia has accepted women
to be in government positions of decision making and
ministers while Zambia has not allowed this, are still very
traditional in their ways, and will not meet their target. Both
of these countries are very traditional in that they both
believe that women should be home tending children, but
Cambodia has been able to adopt new ways in letting
women into the government while Zambia is still sticking to
their traditions except on a few occasions.

Reduce Child Mortality

Reduce Child Mortality

Cambodia
In order to reduce child mortality in
Cambodia they hope to have 87% of all
married women from 15-49 years old to
use modern birth-spacing methods,
which is better for the child and the
mother. Throughout the years
percentages have already increased of
mothers using this method, which means
Cambodia is well on its way to be able to
reach their projected target by 2015. I
feel that this is such an important
millennium goal of development because
without people in this country how is it
supposed to thrive and become better.
With helping these Cambodians reduce
their child mortality rates they are
ensuring more children to grow up and
become educated and being able to be a
generation to help Cambodia really
develop and thrive.

Reduce Child Mortality

Zambia
The number of under-five deaths dropped from 190.7 per 1000 live births
in 1992 to 119 in 2007. However, the target is 63.6. I do not feel that they
will reach their goal unless they use extreme measure to prevent it. Infant
mortality has also declined but it still has not reached its goal of 35.7. It is
currently at a 70. In order for them to reach their goal they need to make
access easier to trained health care professionals and educate more
mothers on how to care for herself while still pregnant. They do not have
the medicine and doctors that we have access to and so the child after
birth is susceptible to more diseases.

Comparision
Both Cambodia and Zambia have been able to decrease

mortalities rates for children but Zambia may not reach

their targeted goal. It seems that Cambodia has a system
of modern birth- spacing methods which has greatly
helped reduce the amount of deaths of infants while
Zambia is still struggling to find a sure solution to this
problem to be able to consistently decrease the amount
the mortality rates of their children.

Improve Maternal Health

Improve Maternal Health

Cambodia
In order to improve maternal health in
this country pregnant women are able to
receive at least two consultations with a
doctor. They are hoping to have 82% of
pregnant women in Cambodia be given
this opportunity and already these
targets have been met and mothers are
being provided for. We hope that these
percentages can continue to rise
because these mothers deserve
medical attention because they are
going to be the ones raising these
children. Cambodia needs strong
mothers to be able to raise these new
generation children to become leaders
of their country.

Improve Maternal Health

Zambia
In order to reach the goal that they need Zambia is going to have to significantly
reduce the number of mothers dying due to complications in pregnancy, birth, and
the first couple years afterwards. They need to set up programs to help mothers
understand what things are going to prevent sickness for themselves and the baby.
They are still a long way from reaching their goal. The target is 162. I dont feel that
they will be able to achieve their goals because they dont have a way of educating
women now in order to prevent deaths. It is very rare for a woman in Zambia to
receive care from a trained professional during child birth. Most women know
someone who is a midwife and that is how they are guided through labor.

Comparision
It would seem that Cambodia is on their way to reaching

their target for maternal health while Zambia is far from it.
Cambodian women are receiving access to doctors,
although limited it is still more than the woman in Zambia
could wish for. Midwives seem to be common in both
countries, although Zambia uses midwives as their main
help during childbirth. Both countries need to set up
programs to educate the mothers on how to care for
themselves during the pregnancy and afterwards. Doing
this will significantly improve maternal health.

COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND

OTHER DISEASES:

COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND

OTHER DISEASES:
Cambodia
There are three main diseases in Cambodia
that the government considers critical and
are mainly focused on in Cambodia, these
are HIV/ AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
They hope to decrease HIV/AIDS to o.4% in
the adult population, decrease malaria to
0.8% and decrease tuberculosis to 626 per
100,000 populations. Malaria is not under
control in this country compared to earlier
years, although tuberculosis has not shown
much reduction. The earlier target of
tuberculosis was 464 per 1000,000
populations, which had to be revised. These
targets could be met but I think it depends on
how much medical technologies, medical
facilities, promoting prevention are all
implemented within the society. I also feel
that when poverty and malnutrition become
more alleviated this will help to combat these
diseases.

COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALAIRA, AND

OTHER DISEASES:
Zambia
The target for keeping prevalence (people with the diseases) is 15.6%
which has already been met. Women have a higher prevalence rate
than men do by about 4%. Zambia has reduced the amount of disease
passed from mother to child. Prevention efforts have increased by 65%.
The amount of children that sleep under nets was 41.1% in 2008. TB
has a treatment success rate of 86% in 2008. Zambia is doing a lot in
order to bring down the disease rate for their people. They have
already hit their goal for 2015 but they are still working on improving
more lives of people affected.

Comparision
Cambodia has more of an issue with malaria than people

in Zambia do. Although, Zambia has tried to issue most of

the children a safety net that they can sleep in to keep the
mosquitos out. There are other diseases more prevalent
in Cambodia than HIV/Aids. Whether as Zambia is greatly
affected by the virus. Zambia has met its goal for aids but
Cambodia still has a ways to go to meet their target.

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Cambodia
The main environmental stability Cambodia is mainly trying to implement is the safe
rural drinking water for the population. The portions of population that have this safe
drinking water has not been increased in the last couple years but with 50% of the
population as their target it is achievable. However households covered by rural
sanitation have began to grow. In the urban population 80% have access to save
water, which exceeds their target. This gives hope that rural populations will be able
to achieve there targets which may help in the combat of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and
tuberculosis.

Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Zambia
The amount of forestland in Zambia
was reduced from 66% to 55.9% in
2007. This has raised a lot of concern.
Zambia is trying to curb deforestation
and to regenerate the forests that they
have already lost. The target for
people without access to clean
drinking water is 25.5%. They do this
by replacing old wells in the rural parts
of the country. Also by more access to
treated water. They arent making a lot
of progress now as the percentages
are climbing higher when they should
be going lower. I do not think that they
will be able to reach this goal by 2015.
They are still at least 15% away from
reaching their goal. Zambia should
help try to provide affordable water
and sanitation services for the poorer
people of the country.

Comparision
Both Cambodia and Zambia are declining in the amount

of people with access to clean water. That number should

be increasing. Both countries are struggling to find the
resources to allow everyone water. Zambia has begun to
replace the older wells so that they can get a little bit
cleaner water than they did before. Cambodia hasnt
really done anything for more rural parts yet and they only
have a 50% target.

Developing a Global Partnership

Developing a Global Partnership

Cambodia
No specific targets were made in Cambodia to reach global partnership but

Cambodia has grown and progressed and is now reaching more than 1 billion
dollars, if this amount is sustained over the next 4 years it will have met
requirements for external assistance for public investments. Although
Cambodia is growing in this developmental goal there are still areas for
improvement including a vigorous trade strategy at a sub-national level. I also
feel that the Royal Government of Cambodia needs to take steps to ensure
the poor and vulnerable areas of Cambodia are growing and moving towards
these goals. A growth in education, health, agriculture, environmental
protection, water and sanitation will greatly help this country continue to grow
and develop.

Developing a Global Partnership

Zambia
Zambia has sustained a record of
economic stability, achieved singledigit inflation, and consistently had
growth rates over 5% during the
past 5 years. This means that they
are progressing a lot more than
other countries. They are able to
keep the inflation or cost of their
prices from going too high and their
growth is continuing to go up every
year. Right now they are ranked the
6th best country in Africa with their
business. Zambia is ranked 115 of
139 countries in competitiveness.
They are looking into opening more
key trading services to help the
country grow faster.

Comparision
Cambodia and Zambia are on their way of establishing

themselves. Their economies have both grown and

progressed. Even though they are experiencing growth
they are still lacking in some areas. The government of
both countries needs to ensure that the money they are
making are going towards fulfilling the other 7 millennium
goals.

Works Cited
Kailey Hankes:

Amber Crane:
Zambia. UNPD in. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.