THE KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY. Most of the models used to illustrate this and the following lecture belong to the Kinematic Collection of the Gew- erbe-Akademie in Berlin, and have been designed by Professor Reuleaux, who is the Director of the Academy and a Pro- fessor in it. The rest were sent to the Loan Collection by Messrs. Hoff and Voigt of Berlin, and Messrs. Bock and Handrick of Dresden. In essentials there is no difference between the Berlin and the Dresden models. Both have been designed specially for use in instruc- tion in the Kinematics of machinery. I must first try to explain briefly, but exactly, what I mean by the phrase “Kinematics of machinery.” Professor Reuleaux, whose models are before us, defines a machine as “a combination of resistant bodies so arranged that by their means the mechanical forces of nature22 can be compelled to do work accompa- nied by certain determinate motions.” The complete course of machine instruc- tion followed in some of the Continental technical schools covers something like the following ground: First, there is the perfectly general study of machinery, technologically and teleologically. Then there comes what we may call the study of prime movers, which in terms of our definition would be the study of the arrangements by means of which the natural forces can be best compelled to do the required work. Then comes the study of what may be called “direct actors,” or the direct-act- ing parts of machinery; in the terms of our definition, the arrangement of the parts of a machine in such away as best to obtain the required result. Next comes what we call machine design; the giving to the bodies forming the machine the requisite quality of resistance. Machine design is based principally on a study of the strength of materials. One clause of the definition still re-23 mains untouched. The machine, we said, does work accompanied by certain determinate motions. Corresponding to this we have in machine instruction the study of those arrangements in the ma- chine by which the mutual motions of its parts, considered as changes of position only, are determined. The limitation here must be remembered; motion is considered only as a change of position, not taking into account either force or velocity. This is what Professor Willis long ago called the “science of pure mechanism,” what Rankine has called the “geometry of machinery,” what Reuleaux calls “kinematics,” and what I mean now by the “kinematics of machinery.” Ths results of many years’ work of Reuleaux in connection with this subject are embodied in his book Die Theoret- ische Kinematik, which I recently had the pleasure of translating, and I shall endeavor to give you an outline of his treatment of the subject. It cannot be More than an outline, as you will readily