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Observations
Data Table 1: Biuret Reagent Test for Protein
Hypothesis:
Contains Protein
Yes or No?
Final Color
Test Tube
Contains
Water
NO
Colorless
Absent
Albumen
Yes
Dark purple
Amylase
Yes
Light
purple/lavender
Potato Starch
No
Colorless
Absent
5
6
Onion Juice
Potato Juice
NO
Dark purple
No
Dark purple
Contains
1
2
3
Water
Albumen
Amylase
Potato
Starch
Onion Juice
Potato Juice
4
5
6
Hypothesis
Contains Starch
Yes or No?
Final Color
NO
AMBER
ABSENT
NO
AMBER
ABSENT
NO
AMBER
ABSENT
YES
BLUE/BLACK
PRESENT-HIGH AMOUNT
YES
AMBER
ABSENT
YES
BLUE/BLACK
PRESENT-HIGH AMOUNT
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Experiment
BLUETRANSLUENT
RED-ORANGE
Water
NO
Glucose
YES
Albumen
NO
BLUETRANSLUCENT
ABSENT
Potato
Starch
Onion
Potato Juice
NO
BLUE-GREEN
NO
YELLOW
SMALL AMOUNTS
NO
BLUE-GREEN
4
5
6
ABSENT
PRESENT-HIGH AMOUNT
YES
PRESENT
NO
ABSENT
NO
ABSENT
NO
ABSENT
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Sudan III
+
Experiment
Exercise 1: Testing for the Presence of Proteins in
Cells
Questions
A. What is the test substance?
Protein
D. Other than the control, which test tube contained the least test substance?
Potato starch had the least, although it was not as clear as the control
E. Did the results agree with your initial hypothesis in every case? Why or why not?
Yes, I knew from previous studies that amylase was an enzyme (-ase=enzyme=protein) and that albumen
was also a protein. The others I knew to be carbohydrates and starches.
G. If the color change is not as you expected, what might be the reasons?
Cross-contaminated or operator error.
H. Add another 5 drops of Biuret Reagent to each test tube and stir as before. Do your results
change?
There was no change when 5 more drops were added.
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Experiment
Discussion
A. What is the purpose of this exercise?
To use colorimerty to test for proteins on substances. Biuret reacts with the peptide bond of protiens and turns violet.
D. Suggest a situation where you might use the Biuret Reagent colorimetric test.
Urine to detect protein. This could denote a UTI, or other kidney disease.
D. Other than the control, which test tube contained the least test substance?
Albumin and Amylase. They are proteins.
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Experiment
E. Did the results agree with your initial hypothesis in each case, why or why not?
Yes, Potato are starchy food. Onion is a vegetable, I was not sure if it would or not. I thought it might
have some. Already knoew that albumen and amylase were proteins.
G. If the color change is not as you expected it to be, what might be the reasons?
Cross Contamination of products
Discussion
A. What is the purpose of this exercise?
Use colorimetry and iodine to test for starch
C. Suggest a situation where you might use the iodine colorimetric test.
Any test of gastric or intestinal contents to test for sugar/starch absorption
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Experiment
C. Which test tube contained the most test substance?
Glucose
D. Besides the control, which test tube contained the least test substance?
Albumen it is a protein
E. Did the results agree with your initial hypothesis in every case? Why or why not?
Yes, We already know that potato is a starch, which is multiple sugars together. As a nurse I know that
glucose is a simple sugar. Water is the control, Albumen in a protein, and potatoes are starch. They could
have had some broken down into glucose which could have made trace amounts. Sugars and starches are
both carbs.
Discussion
A. What is the purpose of this exercise?
To detect reducing sugars by using benedicts reagent.
B. Suggest a scenario where you might use the Benedicts reagent colorimetric test.
Checking blood glucose in diabetics.
C. How might one determine whether the potato or onion contains more sugar?
The potato was a blue-green color meaning in has low concentration of reducing sugars. The onion was
yellow/orange which means it has a higher concentration of reducing sugars. I researched and found that
onion contains fructose.
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Experiment
Exercise 4: Testing for the Presence of Lipids in Cells
Questions
A. What is the test substance?
Lipids
D. Other than the control, which test tube contained the least test substance?
Onion and Potato Juice
E. Did the results agree with your initial hypothesis in every case? Explain why or not.
Yes, I knew lipids are fats, and that oil was made of fats. From previous experiments, I knew the others
were not lipids
F. If the color change is not as you expected it to be, what might be the reason(s)?
The substance was contaminated, or I made a mistake
Discussion
A. What is the purpose of this exercise?
To test for lipids in certain materials
B. Explain the molecular basis as to why Sudan III can be used to detect the presence of lipids,
but not sugar or proteins. Why can Biuret, Benedict's, and Iodine Reagents detect the presence
of proteins, starches, and sugars, but not lipids?
Lipids are not water soluble, and therefore cannot be broken down using other methods. Sudan III is fat
soluable, and can break through the membrane.
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Experiment
C. What other types of foods or substances contain high levels of lipids?
Ear wax, Nuts, Cooking Oils, Crisco, Adipose Tissue anything made by sebaceous glands
E. Fill in the summary Table 5 in the Lab Report Assistant section by noting which complexing
reagents (dyes) can be used to determine which cellular components. Use + to indicate that the
dye will detect the component, and to indicate that it will not detect the component.
Laboratory Summary
What have you learned from doing this laboratory?
Learned how to preform simple colorimetric testing on different food groups to
determine which macromolecule it belongs to. Protein, Carbs, or Lipid.
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