SCR3443

Tutorial5:DESandAES

Tutorial 5: DES and AES

PARTI:DES

1. WhatistheblocksizeinDES?
WhatisthecipherkeysizeinDES?

Whatistheroundkeysize(subkey)inDES?

2. HowmanypermutationsareusedinaDEScipheralgorithm?
Howmanypermutationsareusedintheroundkeygenerator?

3. HowmanyexoroperationsareusedintheDEScipher?

4. WhydoestheDESfunctionneedanexpansionpermutation?

5. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaweakkey,semiweakkeyandapossibleweakkey?

6. WhatistripleDES?WhatisTripleDESwithtwokeys?WhatistripleDESwiththreekeys?

PleaserefertothetextfortheSboxes.

S1
14,4,13,1,2,15,11,8,3,10,6,12,5,9,0,7,
0,15,7,4,14,2,13,1,10,6,12,11,9,5,3,8,
4,1,14,8,13,6,2,11,15,12,9,7,3,10,5,0,
15,12,8,2,4,9,1,7,5,11,3,14,10,0,6,13,

S2
15,1,8,14,6,11,3,4,9,7,2,13,12,0,5,10,
3,13,4,7,15,2,8,14,12,0,1,10,6,9,11,5,
0,14,7,11,10,4,13,1,5,8,12,6,9,3,2,15,
13,8,10,1,3,15,4,2,11,6,7,12,0,5,14,9,

S3
10,0,9,14,6,3,15,5,1,13,12,7,11,4,2,8,

S4

S5

S6

S7

S8

13,7,0,9,3,4,6,10,2,8,5,14,12,11,15,1,
13,6,4,9,8,15,3,0,11,1,2,12,5,10,14,7,
1,10,13,0,6,9,8,7,4,15,14,3,11,5,2,12,

7,13,14,3,0,6,9,10,1,2,8,5,11,12,4,15,
13,8,11,5,6,15,0,3,4,7,2,12,1,10,14,9,
10,6,9,0,12,11,7,13,15,1,3,14,5,2,8,4,
3,15,0,6,10,1,13,8,9,4,5,11,12,7,2,14,

2,12,4,1,7,10,11,6,8,5,3,15,13,0,14,9,
14,11,2,12,4,7,13,1,5,0,15,10,3,9,8,6,
4,2,1,11,10,13,7,8,15,9,12,5,6,3,0,14,
11,8,12,7,1,14,2,13,6,15,0,9,10,4,5,3,

12,1,10,15,9,2,6,8,0,13,3,4,14,7,5,11,
10,15,4,2,7,12,9,5,6,1,13,14,0,11,3,8,
9,14,15,5,2,8,12,3,7,0,4,10,1,13,11,6,
4,3,2,12,9,5,15,10,11,14,1,7,6,0,8,13,

4,11,2,14,15,0,8,13,3,12,9,7,5,10,6,1,
13,0,11,7,4,9,1,10,14,3,5,12,2,15,8,6,
1,4,11,13,12,3,7,14,10,15,6,8,0,5,9,2,
6,11,13,8,1,4,10,7,9,5,0,15,14,2,3,12,

13,2,8,4,6,15,11,1,10,9,3,14,5,0,12,7,
1,15,13,8,10,3,7,4,12,5,6,11,0,14,9,2,
7,11,4,1,9,12,14,2,0,6,10,13,15,3,5,8,
2,1,14,7,4,10,8,13,15,12,9,0,3,5,6,11

7. AnswerthefollowingquestionsaboutSboxesinDES:
a.
Showtheresultofpassing110111throughSbox3.
b.
Showtheresultofpassing001100throughSbox4.
c.
Showtheresultofpassing000000throughSbox7.
d.
Showtheresultofpassing111111throughSbox2.

8.
Drawthetabletoshowtheresultofpassing000000throughall8Sboxes.Doyouseea
patternintheoutputs?

9.
Drawthetabletoshowtheresultofpassing111111throughall8Sboxes.Doyouseea
patternintheoutputs?

10. CheckthethirdcriterionforSbox3usingthefollowingpairsofinputs.The3rdcriterionstate
thatifwechangeasinglebitintheinput,twoormorebitswillbechangedintheoutput.

a.
000000and000001
b.
111111and111011

11. CheckthefourthdesigncriterionforSbox2usingthefollowingpairsofinputs.The4th
criterionstatethatif2inputstotheSboxdifferonlyintwomiddlebits(bits3and4)the
outputsmustdifferinatleasttwobits.

a.
001100and110000
b.
110011and001111

12. CheckthefifthdesigncriterionforSbox4usingthefollowingpairsofinputs.The5thcriterion
statethatif2inputstoanSboxdifferinthefirsttwobits(bits1and2)andarethesamein
thelast2bits(bits5and6),thetwooutputsmustbedifferent.

a.
001100and110000
b.
110011and001111

13. Showtheresultsofthefollowinghexadecimaldata
0110 1023
4110 1023
afterpassingitthroughtheinitialpermutationbox.

14. Showtheresultsofthefollowinghexadecimaldata
AAAABBBB
CCCC DDDD
afterpassingitthroughthefinalpermutation.

15. Ifthekeywithparitybit(64bits)is0123ABCD25621456,findthefirstroundkey.

PART II: AES

1.

2.

Listalltheparameters(blocksize,keysizeandthenumberofrounds)forthethreeAES
version)
HowmanytransformationsarethereineachversionofAES?Howmanyroundkeys(subkeys)
areneededforeachversion?

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

ComparethesubstitutioninDESandAES.Whydowehaveonlyonesubstitutiontable(Sbox)
inAESbutseveralinDES.
ComparethepermutationinDESandAES.Whydoweneedexpansionandcompression
permutationsinDESbutnotinAES?
ComparetheroundkeysinDESandAES.Inwhichcipheristhesizeoftheroundkeysthesame
asthesizeoftheblock?

AEShaslargerblocksizethanDES(128versus64).Isthisanadvantageordisadvantage?
Explain.
AESdefinesdifferentimplementationswiththreedifferentnumbersofrounds(10,12,and
14);DESdefinesonlyimplementationwith16rounds.Whataretheadvantagesand
disadvantagesofAESoverDESwithrespecttothisdifference?
AESdefinesthreedifferentcipherkeysizes(128,192,and256);DESdefinesonlyonecipher
keysize(56).WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAESoverDESwithrespecttothis
difference?

InAES,thesizeofblockisthesameasthesizeoftheroundkey(128bits);inDES,thesizeof
theblockis64bits,butthesizeoftheroundkeyisonly48bits.Whataretheadvantagesand
disadvantagesofAESoverDESwithrespecttothisdifference?