When, for the plane ABC in Fig. l.la, the shear stress r is absent, then by definition, u becomes a principal stress. Resolving forces in the x, y and z directions allows eqs( 1.4a,b,c) to be written as S, = la= la, + niz,,,+ nru S, = mu= mu, + nr,? + lr, S,=nu=nu,+lr,+mr,,
Rearranging, I (a,- a )+ mr,. + nrxz= 0
l r , + rn (q, - a ) + nr, = 0 lr,+rnr,.+n(u,- u)=O